On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo...

16
Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesand Megumi Hashizume Meiji Univ. Organiza?on for the Strategic Coordina?on of Research and Intellectual Proper?es / OCAMI 25,12,2017

Transcript of On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo...

Page 1: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

JointworkwithNoboruItoUniversityofTokyo

Ontheequivalenceclassesofsphericalcurvesby

ReidemeistermovesⅠandⅢ

MegumiHashizumeMeijiUniv.Organiza?onforthe

StrategicCoordina?onofResearchandIntellectualProper?es/OCAMI

25,12,2017

Page 2: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Reidemeistermovesofsphericalcurves

SphericalcurveReidemeistermovesofsphericalcurves

Inthistalk,wefocusonRIandRIII.

RIRIII

RII

Page 3: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Mo9va9onAnexampleofHagge-Yazinski

T.HaggeandJ.Yazinski,OnthenecessityofReidemeistermove2forsimplifyingimmersedplanarcurves,BanachCenterPubl.103(2014),101–110.

Page 4: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Mo9va9onAnexampleofIto-Takimura

N.ItoandY.Takimura,Onanontrivialknotprojec?onunder(1,3)homotopy,TopologyAppl.210(2016),22-28.

Moreover,theyfoundaninfinitenumberofexamples!

Page 5: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Ques9on

WhatsphericalcurveisobtainedfromthesimpleclosedcurvebyRI,RIIIandambientisotopy?

?RI,RIII

Page 6: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Today’sproblem

P:asphericalcurveWhatsphericalcurveP’isobtainedfromPbysomeRI’s,asingleRIIIandambientisotopy?

someRI’s,singleRIIIPP’

Page 7: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

PreliminariesDef(keyopera?ons)

※講演ではβのみ上記のように両方の操作を紹介しました.しかし,講演中に谷山公規氏(早稲田大)に頂いたコメントの通り,局所的な部分の取り替え操作なのでα,βいずれも右側のみ(もしくは左側のみ)の操作だけで十分でした.本スライド報告は操作後に得られる球面曲線が大きく異なるので両方向の操作を紹介しておきます.

Page 8: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Preliminaries

singleRIIIRI

RI×3 singleRIIIRI×3

singleRIII

Page 9: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

Def(reducible)P:asphericalcurveonS2

D1,D2:disksonS2

If∃E(⊂S2):circles.t.D1⊔ED2=S2

E∩P={adoublept.d}T1⊂D1,T2⊂D2,thenwesaythatPisreducible.If∃E,thenwesaythatPisirreducible.

Preliminaries

E

D1D2

Page 10: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

MainresultP:asphericalcurven(P):thenum.ofthedoublepointsofP

P,P’:sphericalcurvesSupposeP,P’:irreducible

PP’Then,|n(P’)-n(P)|=0,1or3.Inpar?cular,

・|n(P’)-n(P)|=0⇔PP’・|n(P’)-n(P)|=1⇔PP’・|n(P’)-n(P)|=3⇔PP’

singleRIII

singleβsingleα

someRI,singleRIII

RIII

Page 11: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

AsphericalcurvePvertexvPP,P’:sphericalcurves

IfP’isobtainedfromPbysomeRI’s,asingleRIIIandambi.iso.,thenthereexistsanedgefromvPtovP’.

ComplexinducedbysphericalcurvesandRIII,α,β

someRI,singleRIII

RI,RIII

PP’RI,RIII

Page 12: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

ComplexinducedbysphericalcurvesandRIII,α,β

P,P’:irredu.sphericalcurvesd3(P,P’):=min{k|P’isobtainedfromPbysomeRI’s,kRIII’sandamb.iso.}

Page 13: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

CorollaryofmainresultP,P’:sphericalcurves

RI,RIII RIII,α,βPP’ ⇔ PP’

講演では上記を主結果の系として紹介しました.しかし講演後,早野健太氏(慶應大)から指摘・質問を頂き,当Cor.が主結果から直ちに得られるという報告は適切ではないとわかりました.従いまして,本講演記録では当Cor.の報告を控えさせていただきます.

Page 14: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

KeyLemma

P:asphericalcurve

fc(P):thenum.ofprimefactorsofP

Page 15: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

KeyLemmaRI

RIII

type1-

type1+

RIIIRIII

type1-

type1+

RIII

type2-

type2+RIII

講演では局所変形を施す部分の外側の繋がり方の場合分けが不十分でした.講演中に瀧村祐介氏(学習院中)に頂いたコメントにより補完しました.

Page 16: On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by ...Joint work with Noboru Ito University of Tokyo On the equivalence classes of spherical curves by Reidemeister movesⅠand Ⅲ Megumi

KeyLemmaP:asphericalcurven(P):thenum.ofthedoublepointsofPSupposethatP’isobtainedfromPbyRI’s,asingleRIIIandambientiso.Thenwehave;fc(P’)=fc(P)+n(P’)-n(P)+1#{RIII|type1+}+2#{RIII|type2+}+(-1)#{RIII|type1-}+(-2)#{RIII|type2-}