On Relationships among Models, Meta Models and Ontologies

Motoshi SaekiTokyo Institute of Technology

Haruhiko KaiyaShinshu University

DSM'06@OOPSLA2006, Oct. 22, 2006, Portland

Motivation & Approach Meta Model: Abstract Syntax for DSL Semantics of Models and Meta Models?

Semantic Consistency & Completeness Using Ontology: Thesaurus + Inference Rules

Semantic Concept: Common Words where everybody can have the same and unique interpretation in a domain

Structure (Concepts and Relationships) : Thesaurus mechanisms to infer/calculate the semantic

properties on the ontology

Domain Ontology: Example

Close<<Function>>

Open<<Function>>

require

Move<<Function>>

require

Door<<Object>>

applyapply

Stop<<Function>>

require

require

Lift<<Object>>

apply apply

Emergency Button<<Object>>

Specifying semantics of a specific area, e.g. Lift Control System, Insurance Business, etc.

Using Class Diagram Word = Class Relationship = Association

Basic Idea

C D

A

E

B

cause

Model

Domain Ontology (thesaurus part only)

aaa

bbb

semantic mapping

Basic Idea

C D

A

E

B

cause

Model

Domain Ontology (thesaurus part only)

aaa

bbb

semantic mapping

"A causes C" on the DomainOntology

Basic Idea

C D

A

E

B

cause

Model

Domain Ontology (thesaurus part only)

aaa

cccbbb

semantic mapping

"aaa causes ccc" for semantic consistency

Adding ccc

Finding SemanticInconsistency andIncompleteness

Inferenceon the structureof the ontology

Model v.s. Domain Ontology

Lift DoorScheduler

1: request2: up

3: arrived4: open

Model

Model v.s. Domain Ontology

Door<<Object>>

Lift<<Object>>

Doors<<Class>>

Lifts<<Class>>

Close<<Event>>

Move<<Event>>

Stop<<Event>>

Open<<Event>>

next

next

next

next nextnext

Lift DoorScheduler

1: request2: up

3: arrived4: open

Model Domain Ontology

next : Temporal order of execution

Model v.s. Domain Ontology

Door<<Object>>

Lift<<Object>>

Doors<<Class>>

Lifts<<Class>>

Close<<Event>>

Move<<Event>>

Stop<<Event>>

Open<<Event>>

next

next

next

next nextnext

Lift DoorScheduler

1: request2: up

3: arrived4: open

Model Domain Ontologysemantic mapping

Model v.s. Domain Ontology

Door<<Object>>

Lift<<Object>>

Doors<<Class>>

Lifts<<Class>>

Close<<Event>>

Move<<Event>>

Stop<<Event>>

Open<<Event>>

next

next

next

next nextnext

Lift DoorScheduler

1: request2: up

3: arrived4: open

Model Domain Ontologysemantic mapping

?

Inference of causality Model: up causes arrived causes open Ontology: Move next Stop next Open

Stop missing!

Meta Model 　　　 v.s. Meta Model Ontology

Object

Message

sendreceive

Data

carry

Meta Model ofSequence Diagram

Meta Model 　　　 v.s. Meta Model Ontology

manipulate

Object

Message

sendreceive

AssociationClass source

destination

Function Dataconsume

produce

State

describe

Object

abstraction

describedescribe

Event

associate

change-from

change-to

participate

next

Data

carry

Meta Model ofSequence Diagram

Meta Model Ontology

Meta Model 　　　 v.s. Meta Model Ontology

manipulate

Object

Message

sendreceive

AssociationClass source

destination

Function Dataconsume

produce

State

describe

Object

abstraction

describedescribe

Event

associate

change-from

change-to

participate

next

Data

carry

Meta Model ofSequence Diagram

Meta Model Ontologysemantic mapping

Meta Model 　　　 v.s. Meta Model Ontology

manipulate

Object

Message

sendreceive

AssociationClass source

destination

Function Dataconsume

produce

State

describe

Object

abstraction

describedescribe

Event

associate

change-from

change-to

participate

next

Data

carry

Meta Model ofSequence Diagram

Meta Model Ontologysemantic mapping

?

Meta Model: Message carry Data, Message ? MessageOntology: Event associate Data, Event next Event

Next missing

Meta Model 　　　 v.s. Meta Model Ontology

manipulate

Object

Message

sendreceive

cause

AssociationClass source

destination

Function Dataconsume

produce

State

describe

Object

abstraction

describedescribe

Event

associate

change-from

change-to

participate

next

Data

carry

Meta Model ofSequence Diagram

Meta Model Ontology

Adding "cause"

Semantic Quality = 6/7

Syntactic Domain Semantic Domain

semantic mapping

semantic mapping

instantiation instantiation

Meta Model

Model DomainOntology

Meta Model Ontology Inference Rule#2

Inference Rule#1

M1 Layer(in MOF)

M2 Layer(in MOF)

Relationships

Summary & Future Work Providing Semantics for Models and Meta Models using Ontologi

es How faithfully a model and a meta model reflect their ontologi

es? Deviations from Ontologies represent semantic inconsistency

and incompleteness Future Application

Semantic Quality Measurement for Models and Meta Models (DSL)

Elaborating a Meta Model Ontology Reasoning Properties on Models and Meta Models Automated Tool for Reasoning, Calculating, ...