ON / OFF OPERATION OF CO 2 CAPTURE By : Sepideh Ziaii Fashami Supervisors: Dr. Gary T. Rochelle Dr....
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Transcript of ON / OFF OPERATION OF CO 2 CAPTURE By : Sepideh Ziaii Fashami Supervisors: Dr. Gary T. Rochelle Dr....
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ON / OFF OPERATION OF CO2 CAPTURE
By : Sepideh Ziaii Fashami
Supervisors:Dr. Gary T. RochelleDr. Thomas F. Edgar Research Review Meeting January 11th ,2008
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OUTLINE
Motivation Concept Texas Electricity Supply Power plant and CO2 Capture Processes Dynamic Strategies and Control Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Future Work
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MOTIVATION
CO2 capture facilities: High energy requirement results in loss of power production With on/off strategies for CO2 capture , 1. Run capture with lower cost of energy 2. Turn off capture to meet peak demand
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LOAD AND GENERATION (TEXAS)
* ERCOT=Electricity Reliability Council of Texas
Coal
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Wind
*
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ENERGY PRICE ( TEXAS)
August 9,2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
12:00 AM 2:24 AM 4:48 AM 7:12 AM 9:36 AM 12:00 PM 2:24 PM 4:48 PM 7:12 PM 9:36 PM 12:00 AM
Time
Ener
gy P
rice(
¢/K
WH
)
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STEAM TURBINES AND CO2 CAPTURE
BoilerHP MP LP Generator
Power Steam Turbines
Let down Steam Turbine
Condensate
StripperWater
Flue Gas From FGD
Absorber
Steam
Gas Out
Lean Rich
CO2
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ON/OFF STRATEGIES IN CO2 CAPTURE
Option 1Run absorber continuously at 90% removal, Turn offstripper at peakFeatures : 1. Reduced steam consumption 2. Sufficient storage for rich & lean solvent 3. Larger equipment needed for stripping 4. Dynamic behavior and control of the stripper are independent of the absorber
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ON/OFF STRATEGIES IN CO2 CAPTURE
Option 2Run absorber at constant reduced level of removal during peak loadFeatures : 1. Reduced steam flow rate 2. Reduced solvent rate 3. No storage for rich and lean solvent 4. More CO2 released to the atmosphere (Lose values of CO2 capture)
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ON/OFF STRATEGIES IN CO2 CAPTURE
Option 3Run absorber at variable level of removal
Features : 1. Variable lean and rich loading 2. Variable steam flow rate 3. No storage for rich and lean solvent 4. More CO2 released to the atmosphere (Lose values of CO2 capture)
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CONTROL OBJECTIVES
Optimum operating strategies : Minimize time for startup/ shutdown or other
dynamic strategies Minimize energy lost during startup/ shut down: - Drive 1st stage compressor by letdown steam turbine - Minimize energy lost through control valves Minimize fluctuations of process variables
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CONTROL CONFIGURATION 1 (STRIPPER)
Controlled variables:
-Lean loading-Column
pressure
MP LP
HPS
Stripp
erLPS
FC FT
TC TT
SPPT
PC
to 2nd stage
1st stage
Rich Solution
ST
SC SP
Lean Solution
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CONTROL CONFIGURATION 2 (STRIPPER)
Controlled variables: Lean loading
No control on column pressure
Less energy loss through control valves
Lean Solution
MP LP
HPS
Stripp
erLPS
TC TT
to 2nd stage
1st stage
Rich Solution
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WHY IS THE DYNAMIC MODEL OF A PLANT IMPORTANT?
Dynamic modeling and simulation provide us tools for :
Evaluation of dynamic behavior of the plant during normal and transition operations
Exploring optimum operating strategies
Model-based ( steady-state or dynamic) controller design
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DYNAMIC MODELING OF A SIMPLE STRIPPER
A rate-based dynamic model for a stripper (packed column) uses the following assumptions: 1. Packed column is vertically divided into N segments (radial gradients are ignored) 2. Each phase is well-mixed 3. Vapor-liquid equilibrium forms at the interface 4. Solvent is not volatile 5. The condenser and reboiler are equilibrium stages
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DYNAMIC MODELING OF A SIMPLE STRIPPER
6. Equilibrium reactions occur only in the liquid phase7. Molar and energy holdups are included for both phasesSolvent : 7 m MEASoftware: ACM( Aspen Custom Modeler) - Proprietary product of Aspen Tech - Easy-to-use programming tool for creating, editing process
units - Solves dynamic, steady-state & optimization problems in
an equation-based manner
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FUTURE WORK Creation of a rate-based dynamic model for a simple
stripper combined with the letdown steam turbine and compressors using ACM
Study different options for generating strategies with respect to steady-state and dynamic performance
Study proposed control configurations for each strategy and find optimum control design