on Informationand Communication...

2014 2nd International

Conference on Information and

Communication Technology

(ICoICT 2014)

Bandung, Indonesia

28-30 May 2014

IEEE IEEE Catalog Number: CFP14ICZ-POD

ISBN: 978-1-4799-3582-6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INFORMATION SECURITY READINESS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION IN INDONESIA I

Kautsarina; Gautama, Hasyim

ANOMALY DETECTION ON INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING CLIQUEPARTITIONING 7

Naslaiinullah, N. ; Adiwijaya; Kurniati, A.P.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PASSWORD CREATED AND HABIT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE

STUDENTS 13

Anwar, Norizan ; Isa, Aztnan Mat; Kamis, Yamin

SECURITY VULNERABILITIES IN OPEN SOURCE PROJECTS: AN INDIA PERSPECTIVE 18

Achuthan, Krishnashree; SudhaRavi, Sreekutty; Kumar, Renuka ; Raman, RaghuNFC ENABLED INTELLIGENT HOSPITAL APPOINTMENT AND MEDICATION

SCHEDULING 24

Sankarananrayanan, Suresh ; Warn, Swabik Musa Abdallah

DEVELOPMENTOF A REAL-TIME NUDITY CENSORSHIP SYSTEM ON IMAGES 30

Dewantono, Satrio ; Supriana, IpingAUDIT OF HEALTH AGENCYFOR SUPPORTING AN E-HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(EHMS) CASE STUDY: CIPARAY HEALTH CENTER, BANDUNG 36

Faoziah, Riezka Amalia ; Kurniati, Angelina Prima; Laksitowening, Kusuma Ayu ; Adiwijaya

LOW COST HEART RATE MONITORING DEVICE USING BLUETOOTH 42

Ramlee, Ridza Azri; Othman, MohdAzlshah Bin ; Aziz, Mohammad Ikhwan BinAbdul; Asyrani bin Sulaiman,Hamzah

DEVELOPMENTOF REQUIREMENT ELICITATION MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF

STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN UNIVERSITY 47

Bachtiar, Adam Mukharil; Laksmiwati, Hira

LEARNING TO RANK FOR TOP MOBILE GAMES PREDICTION 53

Ramadhan, Alfian ; Khodra, Masayu Leylia

BIG-DATA SECURITY MANAGEMENT ISSUES 59

Paryasto, Marisa ; Alamsyah, Andry ; Rahardjo, Budi; Kuspriyanto

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR HIGH-END GRAPHICAL PASSWORD 64

Hui, Liew Tze; Bashier, Housam Khalifa; Hoe, Lau Siong; Michael, Goh Kah Ong; Kwee, Wee Kouk

IMPROVING INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON SNORT RULES FOR NETWORK

PROBE ATTACK DETECTION 69

Khamphakdee, Nattawat; Benjamas, Nunnapus; Saiyod, SaiyanAN IMPLEMENTATION OF DATA ENCRYPTION FOR INTERNET OF THINGS USING

BLOWFISH ALGORITHM ON FPGA 75

Prasetyo, Kumiawan Nur; Purwanto, Yudha; Darlis, Denny

STUDY OF SIR FOR DESIGNING FILTERS WITH ARBITRARY RESONANT POSITIONS 80

Alaydrus, Mudrik; Astuti, Dian Widi; Attamimi, Said

IDENTIFICATION OF PROCESS-BASEDFRAUD PATTERNS IN CREDIT APPLICATION 84

Huda, Solichul; Ahmad, Tohari; Sarno, Riyanarto ; Santoso, Hem Agus

PAPR COMPARISONOF OWDM AND OFDM SYSTEM 90

Rohmah, Yuyun Siti; Muayyadi, Aly ; Astuti, Rina Pudji

ANALYSIS OF REFLECTARRAY UNIT CELL WITH CAPACITIVE EFFECT 95

Ramli, Martina; Misran, Norbahiah ; Mansor, MohdFais; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul

INVESTIGATION OF CHANNEL BONDING BASED ON TV WHITE SPACE SPECTRUM

OCCUPANCY FOR URBAN AREAS IN MALAYSIA 100

Rahim, Razimah Abdul; Nordin, Rosdiadee ; Ismail, Mahamod

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AOE-SAN USING BONDING INTERFACE OVER RAID 106

Ariejianlo, Tody; Yovita, Leanna Vidya; Olviovitha, Didin

EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION MODEL DESIGN OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP

MANAGEMENT USING BALANCED SCORECARD: CASE STUDY XYZ 111

Yamiarifsani, Amarilis Putri; Budiardjo, Eko K.

UNDERSTANDING GOVERNMENT E-PROCUREMENT EFFECTIVENESS FROM USERS'

PERSPECTIVES: A CASE OF SOCIAL MEDIA DISCUSSION IN INDONESIA LOCAL

GOVERNMENT 116Nurdin

UNDERSTANDING E-BOOK ACCEPTANCETHROUGH TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE

MODEL (TAM MODEL) 122

Mustafa, A'dillah Bt; Harun, Norasiah Hj; Endin, MohdZailan

MOBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF PATIENTS BODY MONITORING BASED ON WBANWITH

MULTIPATH ROUTING 127

Birgani, Yasna Ghanbari; Javan, Naslooh Taheri; Tourani, Mohsen

IRIDOLOGY-BASED DYSPEPSIA EARLY DETECTION USING LINEAR DISCRIMINANT

ANALYSIS AND CASCADE CORRELATION NEURAL NETWORK 139

Sulisliyo, Mahmud Dwi; Dayawati, Retno Novi; Pahirawan, P.A.Martintyas

EMBEDDED GATEWAY SERVICES FOR INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS IN

UBIQUITOUS HEALTHCARE 145

Rasid, MFA ; Musa, WMW; Kadir, NAA; Noor, A M; Touati, F; Mehmood, W; Khriji, L ; Al-Busaidi, A ;

Ben Mnaouer, A

MINING FREQUENT PATTERN WITH ATTRIBUTE ORIENTED INDUCTION HIGH LEVEL

EMERGING PATTERN (AOI-HEP) 149

Warnars, Spits

CHARACTERIZING CORPORATE NETWORK TRAFFIC BEYOND BANDWIDTH 155

Tamitama, Lukas

A FRAMEWORK OF CONVERSATIONAL RECOMMENDER SYSTEM BASED ON USER

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 160

Widyantoro. Dwi H. ; Baizal, Z.K.A.

RAINFALL PREDICTION IN KEMAYORAN JAKARTA USING HYBRID GENETIC

ALGORITHM (GA) AND PARTIALLY CONNECTED FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORK

(PCFNN) 166

Nurcahyo, Septian ; Nhita, Fhira; Adiwijaya

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VOC NETWORKTHROUGH DNS SERVER 172

Munadi, Rendy; Santoso, Iman Hedi; Maharta, TuntunAditara

LOW COMPLEXITY OF COMPUTATIONAL COST OF RF SIGNAL PROCESSING BASED

DIVERSITY SCHEME FOR MIMO-OFDMSYSTEMS 177

Aslawa, I Gede Puja ; Moegiharto, Yoedy ; Zainudin, Achmad; Agusalim, Imam Dui; Okada, Minoru

A CONFIGURABLE AND LOW COMPLEXITY HARD-DECISION VITERBI DECODER IN

VLSI ARCHITECTURE 182

Putra, Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana ; Adiono, Trio

A BRANCH AND BOUND APPROACH TO PERMUTATIONCODES 187

Barta, Janos ; Montemanni, Roberto ; Smith, Derek H.

TOWARDS ESTABLISHING MEDICAL RECORDS OFFICER COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK

IN HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS 193

Jamaluddin, Aniza; Ismail, Aliza; DiyanaKamanidin, Hanis ; Idris, Sufy Rabea Adawiya ; Othman, MohdZaidi

USABILITY TESTING RESEARCH FRAMEWORK: CASE OF HANDICRAFT WEB-BASED

SYSTEM 199

Isa, Wan Abdul Rahim Wan Mohd; Lokman, Anitawati Mohd; Wahid, Eza SyaflqaA ; Sulaiman, Roziah

SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS IN RELATION TO AGILE USAGE: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE 205

Asnawi, Ani Liza; Gravell, Andrew M. ; Wills, Gary B.

THE DESIGN OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODEL FOR SME (SMALL ANDMEDIUM ENTERPRISE) (PHASE 2 — THE PILOT IMPLEMENTATION IN IT SMES) 211

Lisanti, Yuliana ; Luhukay, Devyano ; Veronica ; Mariani, Vini

MINIMAX GUIDED REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FOR TURN-BASED STRATEGY GAMES 217

Santoso, Sulaeman ; Supriana, Iping

SMART AUTOMATION FOR CREDIT POINT COMPILATION OF INSTRUCTOR 221

Windarlo, Cahyani; Otomotif, Kejuruan ; Nugroho, Homing Adi; Hidayah, Indriana

IMPROVING PERCEPTION OF INVISIBLE PHENOMENA IN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICS

EDUCATION USING ICT 226

Achuthan, Krishnashree ; Bose, Lakshmi S; Francis, Saneesh ; Sreelatha, K.S. ; Sreekala, CO. ; Nedungadi,Prema : Raman, Raghu

CONSTRUCTING IRISLET: A NEW WAVELET TYPE WHICH MATCHED FOR IRIS IMAGE

CHARACTERISTICS 232

Isnanto, R.Rizal; Satolo, Kodrat Iman ; Windasari, Ike Pertiwi

RECOGNITION OF A HUMAN BEHAVIOR PATTERN IN PAPER ROCK SCISSOR GAME

USING BACKPROPAGATION ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKMETHOD 238

Cenggoro, Tjeng Wawan ; Kridalaksana, Awang Harsa ; Arriyanti, Eka ; Ukkas, M.Irwan

IMAGE COMPRESSION USING IMPROVED FIVE MODULUS METHOD 244

Habsah, Siti; Budi, W Tjokorda Agung ; Ramadhani, Kurniawan Nur

TEXTURE FEATURE EXTRACTION USING CO-OCCURRENCE MATRICES OF SUB-BAND

IMAGE FOR BATIK IMAGE CLASSIFICATION 249

Minarno, Agiis Eko ; Munarko, Yuda; Kurniawardhani, Atrie ; Bimantoro, Fitri; Suciati, Nanik

ANALYSIS OF LOW PASS FILTER USING NONHOMOGENEOUS TRANSMISSION LINES 255

Alaydrus, Mudrik

SEARCH METHOD ANALYSIS OF OCCURRENCE DATA CALL DROP IN CDMA 2000-1X EV-

DO REV.A NETWORK: FOR CASE CLUSTER 5 WEST JAVA REGION PT. SMARTFREN

TELECOM, TBK 260

Sarah, Annisa; Usman, UkeKurniawan ; Ginling, Ishak

INTER-CARRIER INTERFERENCE REDUCTION IN BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS

TECHNOLOGY USING EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER 266

Diliyanzah, Asri; Astuli, Rina Pudji; Syihabuddin, Budi

SOLAR PANEL AND BATTERY STREET LIGHT MONITORING SYSTEM USING GSM

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 272

Siregar, Simon ; Soegiarto, Duddy

MAIN AND SUPPORT ENABLERS OF VOCATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION GOVERNANCE 276

Nugroho, Heru ; Surendro, Kridanto

UNIVERSITY DASHBOARD: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF EXECUTIVE DASHBOARD TO

UNIVERSITY 282

Meyliana ; Widjaja, Henry A.E; Sanloso, Stephen W.

ONLINE TRAINING EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 288

Titan ; Effendi, Andy ; Trivena

ON THE EXPERIMENT OF MULTI CAMERA TRACKING USING KALMAN FILTER AND

FOV LINES 297

Purnama, Bedy ; Erflanto, Bayu ; Hafidz, Yusfia

SECURE WEB BASED HOMEAUTOMATION: APPLICATION LAYER BASED SECURITY

USING EMBEDDED PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER 302

Cebrat, Gerfried

PRAGMATIC WEB AS A SERVICE PROVIDER FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS 308

Purnomosidi, Bambang; Nugroho, D.P.Lukito Edi; Santosa, Paulus Insap ; Widyawan ; Budioko, Totok

DESIGN OF A DUAL-MICROCONTROLLERSCHEME TO OVERCOME THE FREEZE

PROBLEM FOR A SMART DATA LOGGER 314

Mahendra, Oka; Syamsi, Djohar

HANDLING IMBALANCEDDATA IN CUSTOMER CHURN PREDICTION USING COMBINED

SAMPLING AND WEIGHTED RANDOM FOREST 325

Effendy, Veronikha; Adiwijaya ; Baizal, Z.K.A.

PREDICTING AND CLUSTERING CUSTOMER TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND

COMPANYPROFIT 331

Athilman, Judi; Rian, MMoch. ; Marina, Wiyono ; Margono, Kuntjahjo

TIME SERIES PREDICTION OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN INDONESIA USING

DIFFERENTIAL DYNAMIC OPTIMIZED BY GENETIC ALGORITHM 335

Saadah, S; Wulandari, G.S.

CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLE MODULE FOR SOFTWARE-BASED UL SUBFRAME

MAPPING METHOD ON A TDD WIMAX IEEE 802.16E-BASED SUBSCRIBER STATION 340

Silitonga, Arthur; Adiono, Trio ; Wicaksono, Indra

DESIGN OF AN FPGA-BASED OFDM-STBC TRANSCEIVER FOR WIMAX 802.16E STANDARD 346

Hadiyoso, Sugondo ; Astuti, Rina P. ; Hidayat, IswahyudiA PATTERN RECONFIGURABLE OF CIRCULAR SHORT-CIRCUITED PATCH ANTENNA

BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM 351

Nurmantris, Dwi Andi; Wijanto, Heroe ; Nugroho, Bambang Setia

FIREFLY INSPIRED ENERGYAWARE CLUSTER BASED TREE FORMATION IN WSN 356

Prakash, S.K.L. V.Sai; Reddy, Kondapalli S Rami

ENGINEERING RURAL INFORMATICS USING AGILE USER CENTERED DESIGN 367

Isa, Wan Abdul Rahim Wan Mohd; Lokman, Anitawati Mohd; Aris, Syaripah Ruzaini Syed; Aziz, Maslina Abdul

; Taslim, Jamaliah ; Manaf, Mazani; Sulaiman, Roziah

IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF REAL-TIME TRAFFIC DATA GATHERED BY THE

FLOATING CAR DATA METHOD 391

Chandra, Fajar Yoseph ; Glann, Garry; Gunawan, Fergyanto E. ; Gunawan, AlexanderAs

AUTOMATIC MUSICAL GENRE CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIO USING HIDDEN MARKOV

MODEL 397

lkhsan, Imam ; Novamizanti, Ledya ; Ramatryana, 1 Nyoman Apraz

PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY IN PLAGIARISM INDICATION DETECTION SYSTEM USING

INDEXING METHOD WITH DATA STRUCTURE 2-3 TREE 403

Suryana, Annisa Fitriana ; Wibowo, Agung Toto, Romadhony, Ade

COMPARISON OF MODIFIED KNESER-NEY AND WITTEN-BELL SMOOTHING

TECHNIQUES IN STATISTICAL LANGUAGE MODEL OF BAHASA INDONESIA 409Ismail

EXPERIMENTS ON THE INDONESIAN PLAGIARISM DETECTION USING LATENT

SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 413

Soleman, Sidik; Purwarianli, Ayii

EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF RHETORICAL SENTENCES OF EXPERIMENTAL

TECHNICAL PAPER BASED ON SECTION CLASS 419

Helen, Afrida ; Purwarianli, Ayu; Widyantoro, DwiH.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SCALED SWITCHING TECHNIQUE FOR COOPERATIVE

DIVERSITY SYSTEMS 425

Santhoshkumar, M., Selvaraj, M.D.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION COARSE TIME SYNCHRONIZATION OF OFDM SYSTEM

UNDER COST 207 MULTIPATH CHANNEL MODEL 431

Suyolo ; Kurniawan, Adit; Sugihartono ; Suryana, Joko

EVALUATION OF X2-HANDOVER PERFORMANCE BASED ON RSRP MEASUREMENT

WITH FRIIS PATH LOSS USING NETWORK SIMULATOR VERSION 3 (NS-3) 436

Assyadzily. Muhamad; Suhartomo, Antonius ; Silitonga, Arthur

MECHANISM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ACCESS USER IN OFDMA FEMTOCELL 442

Guntur, P N Raphe!; Istikmal; Mufti, A Nachwan

SOCIAL NETWORK MODELING APPROACH FOR BRAND AWARENESS 448

Alamsyah, Andry; Putri, Fatimah ; Sharif, Osa Omar

PROBABILISTIC PARTNERSHIP INDEX (PPI) IN SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS USING

KRETSCHMER APPROACH 454

Sharafma, Nisa ; Maharani, W. ; Adiwijaya; Taniarza, N.

EVALUATION OF MOBILE ORDERING POST-IMPLEMENTATION 463

Yohannis, Alfa Ryano ; Waworuntu, Alexander

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR PROTOTYPE OF FIRE DETECTION 469

Nugroho, Raditya Budi; Susanto, Erwin ; Sunarya, Unang

MOBILE ENABLED BUS TRACKING AND TICKETING SYSTEM 475

Sankarananrayanan, Suresh ; Hamilton, Paul

ANALYSIS OF E-TOLL CARD USAGE AT PONDOK RANJI TOLLGATE 481

Panjaitan, Andry M.; Silalahi, Rudy Vernando ; Andrew, Jonathan

LOCATION FINDER USING AUGMENTED REALITY FOR RAILWAYS ASSISTANCE 487

Djanali, Supeno ; Hilda, Misbachul; Shiddiqi, Ary Mazharuddin

A FLEXIBLE THRESHOLD SELECTION AND FAULT DETECTION METHOD FOR HEALTH

MONITORING OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS 493

Agarwal, Deepshikha ; Kishor, Nand

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) VALUE MODEL USING VARIANCE-BASEDSTRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING: TOWARDS IT VALUE ENGINEERING 499

Abdurrahman, Lukman ; Suhardi; Langi, Armein Z.R.

REALIZING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING

(SDN) BASED CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE 505

Govindarajan, Kannan ; Meng, Kong Chee ; Ong, Hong ; Tat, Wong Ming; Sivanand, Sridhar; Leong, Low Swee

A HOS BASED SPECTRUM SENSING FOR COGNITIVE RADIO IN NOISE OF UNCERTAIN

POWER 511Subekli, Agus ; Sugihartono ; Nana Rachmana, S. ; Suksmono, Andriyan B.

Author Index

2014 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology(ICoICT)

The 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) provides an open forumfor researchers, engineers, policy makers, network planners, and service providers in telecommunications. Extensiveexchange of information will be provided on newly emerging systems, standards, services, and variety of applicationson the area of telecommunications.

2014 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) tookplace 28-30 May 2014 in Bandung, Indonesia.

IEEE catalog number: CFP14ICZ-ARTISBN: 978-1-4799-3581-9

Copyright and Reprint Permission: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limit of U.S.copyright law for private use of patrons those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy feeindicated in the code is paid through Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For other copying, reprint or republicationpermission, write to IEEE Copyrights Manager, IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2014by IEEE.

Committees

Steering Committees

Steering CommitteesMochamad Ashari (Telkom University)

Ahmad Hanuranto (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Ari Barmawi (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Heroe Wijanto (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Muhammad Ary Murti (Telkom University, Indonesia)

A Adiwijaya (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Lau Hoe (Multimedia University)

Organizing Committees

General ChairDade Nurjanah (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Finance CommitteeErna Sugesti (Telkom University, Indonesia)

SecretaryFida Nugraha (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Yati Rohayati (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Florita Sari (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Gia Septiana (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Luciana Andrawina (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Publication CommitteeDana Kusumo (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Yusza Redityamurti (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Erwin Susanto (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Dawam Suwawi (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Agung Toto Wibowo (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Dinner and Excursion CommitteeMuhammad Iqbal (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Mediana Kancana (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Mira Sabariah (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Registration CommitteeHasmawati Hasmawati (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Djakaria Djakaria (Telkom University)

Track ChairRina Puji Astuti (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Dana Kusumo (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Yati Rohayati (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Agung Toto Wibowo (Telkom University, Indonesia)

MarketingMaman Abdurohman (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Tutorial and Session CommitteBayu Erfianto (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Siti Sa'adah (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Fazmah Arif Yulianto (Telkom University, Indonesia)

Evaluation of X2-Handover Performance Based on RSRP Measurement with Friis Path Loss Using

Network Simulator version 3 (NS-3)

MuhamadAssyadzily, Antonius Suhartomo, Arthur Silitonga Department of Electrical Engineering

President University Bekasi, Indonesia

[email protected]

Abstract—Long term evolution (LTE) is the next generation

after UMTS system which developed by 3GPP release 8. LTE as the fourth generation provides a high transmission speed and high mobility to the user. In this paper we concern about the mobility performance. In order to see the mobility performance, handover scenario is chosen. Handover scenario is based on lena-x2-handover-measure script which provided in network simulator (ns-3). The ns-3 is used to simulate the x2-handover using lena-x2-handover-measure. Lena-x2-handover-measure instantiates one UE attached to serving eNodeB and moves toward neighbor eNodeB. The focus is on the impact of A2 and A4 event based on measurement report known as reference signal receive power (RSRP) and reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) on x2-handover performance in different parameters such as velocity, distance and eNodeB transmitted power. Receive power is calculated using Friis path loss equation and later it will be compared with the simulation result. .

IndexTerms—LTE; X2-Handover; RSRP; RSRQ; Friis path loss; ns-3

I. INTRODUCTION Sometimes, when you are browsing internet in your

car/bus, the internet is slower or even disconnect because 3G networks coverage cannot cover maximally while you are moving at high speed. Technically, this problem happened because the handover/hand-off is failure. LTE as the next generation provides a lot of features such as a very high data speed and low transfer delay which allow the user to use many application simultaneously without any disconnection and buffering although the user moves with very high speed movement.

LTE is the fourth generation after UMTS (3G) network, which developed by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) release 8. LTE provides a higher transmission speed up to 100 Mbps in the downlink and 75 Mbps in the uplink using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) technique respectively. By integrating it with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) technology, LTE can achieve 300 Mbps throughput.

Comparing to UMTS network, the LTE only uses packet switched domain which makes the architecture simpler than the UMTS, hence the latency will be lower. The architecture of LTE comprise of elements, which are evolved node B (eNodeB), serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network gateway (P-GW), home subscriber service (HSS), mobility management entity (MME), and policy and charging rule function (PCRF).

The eNodeB manages all radio functionality on the control plane as well as the user plane. S-GW and P-GW are responsible as a router between user with the network and the outside network respectively. HSS is used as a database which holds subscriber information. MME manages the mobility functionality between user and network such as tracking the location of user equipment (UE). PCRF is resided in PGW which performs managing and controlling data session, for example Voice over IP (VoIP), the PCRF will initiate the dedicated bearer.

The LTE system uses also protocol stack, particularly in E-UTRAN. Protocol stack is associated with the interface, hence each network element can exchanging the data and signaling message. In LTE, protocol has two plane; User plane and Control plane. User plane handles data which interest to the UE, while Control plane handles signaling message which related to the network elements.

Protocol stack also comprise of two layers, which are Transport network layer and Radio network layer (user plane and control plane). Transport network layer is used to transport information and signaling message from one point to another point. For the air interface, the LTE system has two level interfaces which are No-Access Stratum (NAS) and Access Stratum (AS) as shown in following figure:

2014 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT)

978-1-4799-3580-2/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE 436

Fig.1. Non access stratum and Access stratum (green)

Air interface is divided into two levels because there is no direct path between UE and MME. The signaling message between UE and MME uses Non-Access stratum, and transported using access stratum protocol of LTE-Uu and S1 interfaces. In order to transport data between UE and eNodeB, they use LTE-Uu interface. LTE-Uu is one of air interface transport protocol. The air interface transport protocol uses 2 layers of OSI model, which are physical layer and data link layer that comprises of MAC, RLC and PDCP.

When the UE moves with a high speed, it need also high data speed so that the data can arrive in time manner. This mechanism should be handled by the protocols. In case of doing x2-handover, x2 application (X2-AP) takes an important role. The X2 interface of control plane is used in handover procedure, particularly to prepare and perform handover. In the other side, X2-user plane is required for downlink data forwarding when handover happened. Forwarding means that the data will be sent to UE while UE moves to the target eNodeB. Besides protocol, UE also gives a big contribution in handover process, because in handover there is measurements process that should be taken by UE before handover decision made by eNodeB. The measurements are known as reference signal receive power (RSRP) and reference signal receive quality (RSRQ). The RSRP and RSRQ are measured when UE is going to move to another BTS, i.e. these measurement measures for serving and neighbor eNodeB. When these measurements meet the criteria (see table I) for making handover, then serving eNodeB will trigger handover. In this case we only consider A2 and A4 event to trigger handover.

TABLEI. Events and triggering conditions [1]

Event Triggering Condition A1 Serving becomes better than threshold A2 Serving becomes worse than threshold

A3 Neighbor becomes offset better than serving

A4 Neighbor becomes better than threshold A5 Serving becomes worse than threshold1and neighbor becomes better than threshold2

In addition, the propagation loss used in this paper is Friis

path loss model. Propagation loss should be concern in order to prevent a failure handover. Some parameters such as distance, velocity and eNB transmitted power will affect the handover result by impacting those measurements. It could be happened since they have relation with the propagation loss that we used. In this paper, we used ns-3 to evaluate the x2-handover

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section II, we present introduction to ns-3 with some theories of x2-handover, measurement report (RSRP and RSRQ), and Friis path loss model. In section III, there will be a brief explanation about simulation design, how the configuration and environment are. In section IV, we discuss the performance of x2-handover in ns-3 and the impact of those parameters with RSRP and RSRQ. In section V, about conclusion and future work recommendation.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Introduction to ns- 3 NS - 3 is an acronym for Network Simulator Version 3. Ns-

3 is free software with GNU-GPL license version 2. As the name implies, NS-3 is used to create network simulation or to display communication network. NS-3 can be used for the purpose of research, and education. Ns-3 is a discrete-event network simulator which uses phyton and c++ programming language to create a program.

B. X2-Handover Handover is a process in which UE moves from one

eNodeB to another eNodeB. In LTE, there are two handovers; S1-handover and X2-handover. This paper focuses on x2-handover. Basically x2-handover is nearly the same as normal handover in UMTS. However x2-handover performs handover via X2-interface, no need RNC since its functionality has merged within eNodeB. Because handover in LTE is hard handover, the connection of UE to source eNodeB has to be disconnected before air interface to target eNodeB established [2].

Moreover, in x2-handover, the radio handover does not involve the others components except eNodeB, hence the MME and SGW are not aware that handover has successful because SGW focus on forwarding data to source eNodeB in order to prevent packet loss, while the MME focus on its responsible to change the path of UE from serving eNodeB to the neighbor eNodeB.

In ns-3, x2-handover has already built, namely LENA module. LENA is abbreviation of LTE-EPC Network simulAtion. LENA module provides two scripts example of x2-handover, which are lena-x2-handover and lena-x2-handover-measure. As the explanation in abstract, lena-x2-handover-measure is chosen. In lena-x2-handover-measure, x2 interface that used to attach serving eNodeB to the neighbor eNodeB is implemented by point to point (p2p) link [3] i.e. using IP address. The point to point link is attached by p2p device in order to send and receive X2 messages between eNodeBs through control plane and user plane of X2 protocol interface.

C. RSRP and RSRQ RSRP and RSRQ are two types of measurement in LTE.

These measurements are defined in 3GPP [4]. In LTE system, there are two kinds of measurements. The measurements measure the signal power and the signal quality. The signal power is known as RSRP, while the signal quality is RSRQ.


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RSRP is abbreviation of reference signal received power, while RSRQ is reference signal received quality. RSRP is reported by PHY layer in dBm while RSRQ in dB.These measurements are performed by the UE when UE want to move from one eNodeB to another eNodeB, known as handover. During the movement process, UE measures the reference signal from serving eNodeB and neighbor eNodeB. The UE will send the measurement report back to the serving eNodeB jointly with the physical cell identity (PCI) of the cell. PCI is obtained with the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS). The PSS is sent by the eNB each 5 sub frames and in detail in the sub frames 1 and 6. The report is used by the eNodeB to determine when handover should be triggered so that UE can move to the neighbor eNodeB. Theoretically RSRP is reference signal receive power. RSRP is a RSSI type of measurement. It measures the average received power over the resource elements that carry cell-specific (RNTI) reference signals (RS) within certain frequency bandwidth. RSRQ is a C/I type of measurement and it indicates the quality of the received reference signal. It is defined as

(1)

The carrier RSSI (Receive Strength Signal Indicator) measures the average total received power observed only in OFDM symbols containing reference symbols for antenna port 0 (i.e., OFDM symbol 0 & 4 in a slot) in the measurement bandwidth over N resource blocks. The total received power of the carrier RSSI includes the power from co-channel serving & non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc. The RSRQ measurement provides additional information when RSRP is not sufficient to make a reliable handover or cell re-selection decision. In the procedure of handover, the LTE specification provides the flexibility of using RSRP, RSRQ, or both.

D. Friis Path loss In wireless communication, there are multipath and fading.

Multipath happened when there is a signal which reflects in some different paths from the transmitter to the receiver. This phenomenon can make the received signal good if it is constructive or bad otherwise. Bad received signal occurred because of destructive interference which can make a fading [5]. Fading is a situation where the signal power drops to a very low level. When the UE moves, then the path of signal changes, so that the interference will change also the fading level as a function of time. As a consequence, the receive signal will be lower than transmitted signal, called path loss. Propagation loss or path loss can be calculated by dividing received power with transmitted power. Friis propagation model provides equation to find out that propagation loss, as shown follow

(2)

III. SIMULATION DESIGN

A. Design Environment LTE has already modeled within the simulator called

LENA module that provides some LTE scripts, one of the examples is lena-x2-handover-measures.Lena-x2-handover-meausre is an automatic X2-based handover based on the measurement which performed by UE.

This program instantiates two eNodeB, attaches one UE to the serving eNodeB as illustrated in figure:

Fig.2. X2-Handover topology

The UE moves between both eNodeBs with constant velocity 20 m/s. While UE is moving, it measures RSRP and RSRQ and send them back to the serving eNodeB. Based on the measurement report, the serving eNodeB will send handover request to the neighbor eNodeB when the measurement report of neighbor eNodeB consider as better than serving eNodeB. The distance (d) between UE, serving eNodeB and neighbor eNodeB is 1000 m, hence the total path that UE should be taken is 3000 m and the duration of simulation is about 150 second.

B. Tools and Softwares For the tools, we use Computer or laptop which can be

installed the ns-3 and Ubuntu operating system. In this case we use Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. For the software, we need ns-3, netanim, and microsoft excel. Network Simulator version 3 we use ns-3 version 3.18 which was release on april 2013.Network Animator (NetAnim).Network animator is used to display animation result based on xml trace file as well as display handover request time. Microsoft Excel 2010 is used to make a graph based on simulation result, particularly RSRP and RSRQ values.

C. Changing some parameters In this simulation, there are three parameters (velocity,

distance, and eNodeB transmitted power) that want to be change in order to see the relation between those parameters with the RSRP and RSRQ.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS We have evaluated x2-handover in ns-3. We studied the

performance of x2-handover throughout network animator (NetAnim). NetAnim used to display the simulation result in animation. The result of simulation is plotted using GNU-Plot and Microsoft Excel 2010.


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The simulation parameters are summarized in Table II:

TABLE II. Handover Simulation Parameters

Parameter Value Frequency 2100 MHz Downlink frequency 2120 MHz

Uplink frequency 1930 MHz

DL EARFCN 18100

UL EARFCN 100

Channel bandwidth (BW) 5 MHz

Measurement BW 25RB

Thermal noise(kT) -174

Noise power RE -122.24

System Loss 1

eNBTx power 20 dBm

eNB noise figure 5

UE Tx power 10 dBm

UE noise figure 9

Antenna mode SISO

Gain 0 dBi

Transmission mode FDD

Path loss Friismodel

Hysteresis 0

Time to trigger 0

Serving cell HO threshold 30

Neighbor cell HO offset 1 Handover event A2 and A4

A. X2-handover performance

From the simulation result in terminal, the x2-handover performed in 9steps as shown in table below:

TABLE III. X2-Handover Procedure

Time (s) Condition of handover process

0 IMSI 1 RNTI 0 UeRrcIdle_cell_selectionIdle_wait_system_info

0.016 IMSI 1 RNTI 0 UeRrcIdle_wait_sytem_infoidle_camped_normally

0.016 IMSI 1 RNTI 0 UeRrcIdle_camped_normallyIdle_random_access

0.0202143 UE IMSI 1: connected to CellId 1 with RNTI 1

0.0202143 eNBCellId 1: successful connection of UE with IMSI 1 RNTI 1

51.24 eNBCellId 1: start handover of UE with IMSI 1 RNTI 1 to CellId 2

51.24 UE IMSI 1:previously connected to CellId 1 with RNTI 1, doing handover to CellId 2

51.2442 UE IMSI 1: successful handover to CellId 2 with RNTI 1

51.2442 eNBCellId 2: completed handover of UE with IMSI 1 RNTI 1

According to table 3, x2-handover in ns-3 is done in 4 modes. The first mode is idle mode (yellow color), the second is connected mode (green), the third is handover execution (blue), and the last is handover complete/success (orange). For your information, in this simulation, the velocity is increased by 10, which means 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 m/s. In this case the speed of UE is 30 m/s. For the other cases, they performed similar when UE speed is 30 m/s, the different is about the time in blue and orange color. For the others scenario (distance and eNB transmitted power). The results are the same, except the time for handover execution and handover success. In addition, to get more understanding about x2-handover in ns-3, we used NetAnim to show the animation as shown in following figure:

Fig.3. X2-Handover animation using NetAnim

There are three nodes in red colors. The first one is serving eNodeB node which located at 1000 m from UE. The middle one is UE node and the last one is neighbor eNodeB which is located at 2000 m from UE. Besides that, figure3 shows the handover request time from serving cell to neighbor cell. The time request happen at 50.6 seconds, which means the UE, is going to handover at 1518 m or 518 m far away from the source eNodeB. For more detail, see the following figure:

Fig.4. Handover occurred when velocity is 30 m/s

In Fig.4, there are two lines which indicate the values of serving and neighbor cell’s reference signal receive power (RSRP). Both lines look similar but actually different. The different is just about time. If the reader sees from the figure, the blue line starts with higher RSRP value rather than the orange one. It means that the blue line is possessed by serving while the orange is belongs to neighbor eNodeB. The reason


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why the graphs look identical, it is because serving eNodeB and neighbor eNOdeB use the same transmitted power, which is 20 dBm. In addition, handover request occur with the RSRP values which are -97.9745 dBm (serving cell) and -97.4558 dBm (neighbor cell) as well as the RSRQ values, which are -6.29387 dB and -5.77516 respectively. Again, for the other cases and scenario (distance and eNB transmitted power), they performed similar when UE speed is 30 m/s, the different is about the time to request handover and the values of RSRP and RSRQ.

B. The impact of velocity

Fig.5. Reference Signal Receive Power for all cases (30 – 100m/s)

Fig.6. RSRQ when velocity is changed from 30-100 m/s

The simulation results can be seen in figure 5 and 6, which is the impact of increasing the velocity with RSRP and RSRQ respectively. RSRP1 belongs to ‘source’ eNB and RSRP2 to ‘target’ eNB as well as the RSRQ1 (source) and RSRQ2 (target). The values of RSRP and RSRQ decreased if the velocity increased. It means that when the velocity of UE is slow, it gets a good signal power and quality. In addition, the figures showed that RSRP and RSRQ got maximum values whenever UE was located near to eNB.

C. The impact of distance

Fig.7. RSRP of serving eNB when eNB Tx power changed from 30-100 dBm

Fig.8. RSRQ of serving eNB when eNBTx power changed from 30-100dBm

Figure 7 and 8 showed the graph of RSRP1 and RSRQ when eNB transmitted power increased from 30 dBm to 100 dBm. If the eNB transmitted power increased, hence the RSRP and RSRQ increased (but not significant) since RSRQ express in dB.

RSRP1 means the signal power of serving eNB while the RSRQ is the signal quality of neighbor eNB. In this case, we didn’t show RSRP2 and RSRQ2 because the graph is nearly the same. The difference is only about the time, means the highest value of RSRP of serving eNB achieved at 50 second while the neighbor at 100 second (since the velocity 20 m/s and distance to target eNB 2000 m). For the signal quality (RSRQ) of serving eNB, the maximum value occurred when the time is 50 second.


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D. The impact of eNodeB transmitted power

Fig 9. RSRP of serving eNodeB when distance changed from 100-2km

Fig 10. RSRQ of serving eNB when distance changed from 100-2km

Figure 9 and 10 showed the graph of RSRP and RSRQ when the distance increased by 100 m each case. The RSRP and RSRQ increased if the distance is decreased.

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATION From the simulation result, x2-handover is performed in six

steps: Idle mode (UE is doing cell selection), idle to connect request (eNodeB asked to be attached by UE), connected mode (UE has connected with serving), connect to handover (HO) request (UE is going to change the BTS), HO start to HO success, Connected mode (UE has connect to neighbor eNodeB). For all scenario, the idle mode and idle to connecting request happened at 0.016 sec and 0.0202143 sec respectively. And then the average delay between HO requests to HO start is 1 second and the delay between starting HO and HO success is 4 milisecond. In addition, handover occur when UE is located between serving and neighbor eNodeB.

For the first scenario, the simulation result shows that RSRP and RSRQ will increase if the velocity decreases, because according to Friis equation, velocity affects the value of doppler frequency. The doppler frequency increase as velocity increase, hence the path loss will be decrease. In addition, the comparison of RSRP shows that the different between calculation result and simulation result is very small only 0.027973984 dBm. For the second scenario, if the transmitted power increased, then the measurement report also increased since receive power is proportional to the power signal. In addition, the comparison of RSRP shows that the different between calculation result and simulation result is very small; the error is only 0.021 %. For the third scenario, if the distance between UE and eNodeB is increased, then RSRP will be decreased as well as the RSRQ. Because, according to Friis formula, distance is inversely proportional with the receive power. In addition, the comparison of RSRP shows that the different between calculation result and simulation result is very small; the error is only 0.198 %.

We recommend that there should be at least three events for x2-handover performance which are A2, A3, and A4 event to get a better performance result. Moreover, the implementation of this work can also be done in the future based on the result of this simulation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The project is supported by the department of Electrical

Engineering, President University.

REFERENCES [1] 3GPPTS 36.331, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

(E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification,” 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), June 2011.

[2] Atte Helenius,“Performance of handover in Long Term Evolution,” Master’s thesis, Aalto University,

[3] Ns-3 model library, release ns-3.18, August 30, 2013. [4] 3GPP, TS 36.214, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

(E-UTRA); Physical layer; Measurement,” 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) version 8, September 2007.

[5] Christopher Cox, An Introduction to LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE and 4G Mobile Communications, John Wiley and Son Ltd, 2012.


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