Introduction to Open Educational Resources for Health Training

Kathleen Ludewig Omollo International Program Manager

University of Michigan Medical School Office of Enabling Tech.

April 29, 2012 – Haramaya University – Health and Medical Sci.Slides at: http://openmi.ch/haramaya-oer-intro

Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Copyright 2012 The Regents of the University of Michigan.

Cover image CC:BY-SA Jessica Duensing (Flickr)

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Image CC:BY-SA Colleen Simon (Flickr)

Free

Public

Under some licenses to use, adapt, redistribute

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PATH•Overview of the African Health Open Educational Resources (OER) Network

•Existing Maternal and Child Health OER That You Can Use and Adapt

•Copyright Trivia

•What is “Open”?

•How to Create Your Own OER

•Discussion: Using, Adapting, and Creating OER at Your Institution

Image CC:BY-NC-SA werkunz (Flickr)

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Case Study: African Health OER Network

4Image CC:BY-NC Jon Milet Baker (Flickr)

Motivations:Challenges to Health Education in Africa

•low budget, small workforce, high disease burden•scarce, aging, and emigrating teaching staff•not enough instructors or classroom spaces•repetitive instructional responsibilities •and….

Image CC:BY Phil Roeder (Flickr) 5

large lectures & crowded clinical situations

Image CC:BY-NC University of Ghana6

When you look in textbooks it’s difficult to find African cases. The cases may be pretty similar but sometimes it can be confusing when you see something that you see on white skin so nicely and very easy to pick up, but on the dark skin it has a different manifestation that may be difficult to see.

-Richard Phillips, lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine, KNUST (Ghana) Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah

University of Science and Technology

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The mission of the African Health Open Educational Resources (OER) Network (est. 2008) is to advance health education in Africa by creating and promoting free, public, openly licensed teaching materials created by Africans to share knowledge, address curriculum gaps, and support health education communities. www.oerafrica.org/healthoer

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Founding members (2008): Kwame Nkrumah University of

Science and Technology (KNUST)

University of Ghana (UG) University of Cape Town (UCT) University of the Western Cape

(UWC) South African Institute for

Distance Education (Saide) University of Michigan (U-M)

We aim to scale to continent-wide and, eventually, a global Network.

www.oerafrica.org/healthoer

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Approach

Use simple, low-cost technology to create multimedia-rich learning materials that are lower-cost and more contextually relevant than previously available educational resources.

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Approach

The materials created will be useful to not only the other institutions, but others in the Network as well as people at other institutions worldwide.

So we make the materials public and include a simple license (terms of use) that allows anyone world to use, copy, adapt, and redistribute.

Gather Existing MaterialsAssist health professionals in finding materials that

are free, electronic, and openly licensed (i.e. expressly allow the general public to use, adapt,

copy, and redistribute)

Facilitate Discussion

Foster dialogue between health

professionals around pedagogy, policy,

peer review, and openness via onsite consultation,

discussion lists, conference calls, and newsletters

APPROACH

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Demo

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Community•160 people trained in open licenses•115 authors•12 institutions

Collection•135 modules•339 materials•144 videos (906 minutes)

Image CC:BY-NC-SA HeyThereSpaceman (flickr)

Usage•8500 views/mo on website•Accessed in 190+ countries•861K views on YouTube•795 favorites on YouTube•173 comments on YouTube

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Visualization of greatest word frequency in Youtube comments – from wordle.com. http://wiki.datawithoutborders.cc/index.php?title=Project:Current_events:A2_DD 15

Remix Example

Image CC:BY-NC-SA Saide and University of Botswana

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Remix Example: From This

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Remix Example:To This

http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/11/12/from-uct-opencontent-to-a-journal-article

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Remix Example:From This

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Remix Example:To This

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So, what makes these Open Educational Resources (OER)?

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Existing Maternal and Child Health OER

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There are hundreds (thousands?) of existing materials (e.g. lecture slides, animations, videos, quizzes, image collections) for health education that are freely and publicly available and that also give you explicit permission to use, share, copy, and adapt the content with no or minimal restrictions.

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Obstetrics and Gynaecology OER from African Health OER Networkhttp://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer or http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork

1.Caesarean Section2.Episiotomy & Repair3.Examination of the Pregnant Woman4.Procedures in Obstetrics and Gynaecology5.Sexually-Transmitted Diseases and Pelvic Infections6.Total Abdominal Hysterectomy7.University Certificate in Midwifery8.Textbook of Urogynaecology9.Surgical Repair of Vesico-Vaginal Fistulae (VVF)10.Clinical Examinations in Gynaecology Collection, including:

1. Basic Guidelines and History Taking2. General Physical Examination in Gynaecology3. Examination of the Abdomen4. Pelvic Examination

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Pediatrics OER from African Health OER Networkhttp://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer or http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork

1.Clinical Examinations in Paediatrics Collection, including:1. General Physical Examination2. Examination of the Respiratory System3. Examination of the Cardiovascular System4. Examination of the Abdomen5. Overview of the Central Nervous System (CNS)6. CNS Examination of Smell and Sight7. CNS Examination of Facial Nerve and Hearing8. Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)9. CNS Examination of the Legs10. Examination of the Musculoskeletal System11. Examination of the New Born: Part 112. Examination of the New Born: Part 213. Examination of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Systems

2.Case Scenarios In Pediatric Practices3.Gastric Lavage Procedure Animation4.South African Child Gauge 2009/2010

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Relevant Pharmacology OER from African Health OER Networkhttp://www.oerafrica.org/healthoer or http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork

1. One Step Pregnancy Dipstick Test

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Community Healthcare Worker materials from Open University UK Health Education and Training in Africa (HEAT)http://www8.open.ac.uk/africa/heat/heat-resources

1.Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health2.Antenatal Care3.Communicable Diseases4.Family Planning5.Health Education, Advocacy and Community Mobilisation6.Health Management, Ethics and Research7.Hygiene and Environmental Health8.Immunization9.Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness10.Labour and Delivery Care11.Non-Communicable Diseases, Emergency Care and Mental Health12.Nutrition13.Postnatal Care

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M1 Endrochrinology and Reproduction from University of Michigan Medical Schoolhttp://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/endo-repro/winter2008/

1.Syllabus2.01.26.09: Histology of the Endocrine System3.01.28.09(a): Nutrition Assessment4.01.28.09(b): Histology of the Male Reproductive System

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M2 Reproduction from University of Michigan Medical Schoolhttp://open.umich.edu/education/med/m2/repro/2010

1.Breast Lab2.Gestational Lab3.Ovary Testes Lab4.Uterine Lab5.03.15.11: Your Patient Has Breast Cancer Until You Prove She Doesn’t6.03.16.09: Clinical Aspects of the Menstrual Cycle7.03.18.09: Clinical Aspects of Gynecologic Diseases8.03.19.09: Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Testis and Scrotum9.Ob/Gyn Learning Resources from the African Health OER Network10.Surgical Excision of a Multi-Lobular, Recurrent, Bartholin Duct Cyst11.Daily Schedule: M2 Reproduction12.03.18.09(a): Gynecologic Diseases13.03.18.09(b): Abortion14.03.18.09(c): Ovary Pathology15.03.19.09(a): Testicular Disease16.03.19.09(b): Testicular Pathology17.03.20.09: Androgens

Image CC:BY gmahender (Flickr) 31

Image CC:BY Ute Hagen (Flickr)

What rights are included in copyright?

(hint: there are 5)

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Copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to do the following:

1. Reproduce the work in whole or in part2. Prepare derivative works, such as translations, dramatizations, and musical arrangements3. Distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or loan4. Publicly display the work 5. Publicly perform the work

Image CC:BY OpenCage (wikipedia) 33

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Copyright Exceptions and Limitations

There are some exceptions and limitations to the 5 rights. Some of these enable *limited* use of copyrighted material without permission within the confines of an educational classroom. Once you make materials public though, those exceptions and limitations may not apply.

Notable International Treaties Regarding Copyright: •1886: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works•1952: Universal Copyright Convention•1988: Berne Convention Implementation Act•1995: Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

Image CC:BY tuppus (Flickr)

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What is the purpose of ©?

Image CC:BY ewiemann (Flickr)

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• Goal: To advance knowledge (“encouragement of learning”)

• How: Exclusive rights on creative works for limited times

Image CC:BY-NC Cayusa (Flickr)37

“Limited times” = ?

Image CC:BY TJ Morris (Flickr)38

“Limited times” >= Life + 50 years

Image CC:BY TJ Morris (Flickr)39

A. Tangible form?B. Publication?C. Copyright symbol ©? D. Registration? E. Effort? F. Creative Expression?

Which of these is necessary to copyright a work? (hint there are 2)

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Which of these is necessary to copyright a work?

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Copyright occurs automatically at the creation of a new work, when it is fixed in tangible form.

This means that almost everything is copyrighted--not just published material but also your lecture slides, your speaker notes, your drafts, your whiteboard/blackboard drawings, your snapshots...

Image CC:BY Horia Varlan (flickr)

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What is a license?

Licenses let people know how they may use a copyrighted work.

Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr) 43

Image CC:BY-SA Colleen Simon (Flickr)

Free

Public

Under some licenses to use, adapt, redistribute

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All Rights Reserved(default)

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Types of Open Licenses:Creative Commons is one example

Some Rights Reserved

(www.creativecommons.org)

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You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work but only if they give you credit.

BY :: Attribution

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You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work but for noncommercial purposes only.

NC :: Noncommercial

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You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work as long as any derivative work is licensed under the same license.

SA :: Share Alike

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Adaptability means…TranslationLocalization

Bridge materialsInnovation

Collaboration

Sharing

Learning

Creativity

Public Domain

least restrictive most restrictive

All Rights Reserved

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Why make public and add an open license?

•Time (build on others’ effort)•Money (free to access)•Quality of content (more eyes to review)•Recognition & collaboration (worldwide visibility of authors)

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Image CC:BY-NC-SA 10000spoons (Flickr)

How to share your own content

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It's easiest to create open content from the start.

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Start now by making a small change in how you create your

own content.

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What does this mean for you?

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1. License your own work2. Use openly licensed works3. Attribute authors of the works from step 2.4. Share your work publicly online

http://open.umich.edu/share

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Author(s): John Doe, MD; Jane Doe, PhD, 2009

License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it.

Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact open.michigan@umich.edu with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content.

For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/privacy-and-terms-use.

Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition.

Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.

1. LICENSE:EXAMPLE DISCLAIMER & TITLE SLIDE

license (name and link)

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Lady Finger

Learning about Orchids

phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr)

Phalaenopsis

Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr)

A Phalaenopsis hybrid

Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr)

2, 3: Use, Attribute

add some extra information in the attribution: author, source (name and

link), license

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Additional Source Information

Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997

Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon, http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221

Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888

Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/

Alternative Format:Attributions at the end of the presentation

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4. Share

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What if you want to make your existing work available under

an open license?

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What types of third-party (i.e. created by someone other

than you) objects might you encounter?

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main policy concerns to publicly sharing content

:: copyright : copyright law grants limited exclusive rights to authors of creative works

:: privacy : the protection of an individual’s (student, instructor, patient) privacy

:: product endorsement : avoiding the appearance of endorsing a product or organization

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What should you do with them?

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possible actions

:: retain : keep the content because it is licensed under an open license or is in the public domain

:: replace : you may want to replace content that is not openly licensed (and thus not shareable)

:: remove : you may need to remove content due to privacy, endorsement, or copyright concerns

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Discussion: OER for Your Institution

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Content

1.Which key elements in core curricula are amenable to self-learning?

2.What are the relevant learning objectives for the OER modules used/created?

3.In what ways can you use or adapt OER from another institution to fit your institution’s context?

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Policy

1.Who owns the copyright to the materials intended to be shared as OER – the lecturer(s) or the institution?

2.Under which Creative Commons license will the OER be shared?

3.How will you ensure the quality of the OER?

4.If you intend to include record video or audio for a demonstration (e.g. surgical procedure), how will you obtain permission from patients or students? http://open.umich.edu/education/med/oernetwork/guides/ethical-consent-guide/2010

Example: KNUST and UG

ChallengeWould like to focus materials development on clinical exams and surgical procedures

ApproachUpdate informed consent procedures to allow for public use

Image CC:BY Alan Cleaver (Flickr) 69

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Professional Development

1.Are teaching staff familiar with multimedia and instructional design principles to make effective learning materials? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fGBoacMRxE

2.Do teaching staff know where to find OER and other open content to adapt for their own OER? http://open.umich.edu/share/use

3.Who will be responsible for assisting and training faculty with technology and instructional design for OER? (e.g. existing technology or library staff)

Example: KNUST and UG (Ghana)ChallengeElectronic learning activities are not widespread; health instructors do not have time to learn multimedia skills.

Approach •KNUST: Multidisciplinary collaborations with the College of Art•University of Ghana (UG): Hire external multimedia specialists

Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)

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Technological Infrastructure

1.What is the desired format of the OER (e.g. text-based, narrated lectures, video)?

2.How will you use to distribute the OER (e.g. media types, file formats, soft copy or hard copy)?

3.What are the technological factors affecting OER production and dissemination? (e.g. student and faculty access to & attitudes toward technology, classroom environment, network instrastructure, technology support staff)

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Concluding Remarks

OER and content development are not an end but one facet of an approach to enhancing instruction.

•Collection of 19 video interviews in Ghana about OER: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF4EC45F2B54D6112

•Open Health at UMMS Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGtevQ9xCkI

Image CC:BY Willi Heidelbach (Flickr)

By making a small change in how you create your

own content…

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…and licensing your creations as OER…

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…you can gain recognition, publish and

promote your research and teaching materials,

connect with collaborators, and preserve and apply

knowledge.

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Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr)

Opportunities to Collaboratehttp://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork-connect

3 communities: audio conference + email list •Partners Forum (senior leadership)•Tech (multimedia and tech support staff)•dScribe (students, ©)

Newsletter (http://openmi.ch/healthoernetwork-newsletter)

Reference Service (www.oerafrica.org/healthoer > Request OER)

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This presentation builds upon slides from other Open.Michigan team members, including:Emily Puckett Rodgers, Pieter Kleymeer, Garin Fons, Greg Grossmeier, Susan Topol, Dave Malicke, Ted Hanss, and Erik Hofer

Image CC:BY Karrie Nodalo (flickr)

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Questions?

Kathleen Omollo: kludewig@umich.edu

Image CC:BY-NC-SA Oberazzi (Flickr) 79