Old and New Covenants, A Messianic Jew's Torah 101 Primer

8/14/2019 Old and New Covenants, A Messianic Jew's Torah 101 Primer

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Gen 1:1-6:8 BeResheet (In the Beginning, for the purpose of the first fruits, in the first fruits)NASB 1995 update

Tishrei (7 th month) 26, 5769

Where are the old and the new covenants? What does salvation look like under theold and the new covenants?Most people think that the first covenant in the bible is the one with Noah, the second withAbraham, the third with Moses, the forth with David, and the New covenant is prophesied in

Jeremiah and found in Yeshua (Jesus name prior to the Hebrew to Greek consonant reassignment

followed by the Greek to Modern English loose transliteration in the late 1600s. Found in the Tanakh over 100 times, means HaShems salvation or salvation .)

Yeshua and the New Covenant .Matt 26:26-28 26 While they were eating, Jesus took some bread, and after a blessing, He brokeit and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is My body. 27 And when He had taken acup and given thanks, He gave it to them, saying, Drink from it, all of you; 28 for this is Myblood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for forgiveness of sins. See also Mark14:22-25 Luke 22:17-20 17 And when He had taken a cup and given thanks, He said, Take this and shareit among yourselves; 18 for I say to you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine from now on untilthe kingdom of God comes. 19 And when He had taken some bread and given thanks, He broke

it and gave it to them, saying, This is My body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of Me. 20 And in the same way He took the cup after they had eaten, saying, This cup which ispoured out for you is the new covenant in My blood.We see Yeshua identifying with the bread and wine within the Pesach Seder. (Note He says Hewill partake of it again with us in Eternity in Matt 26:29, Mark 14:25, and Luke 22:16 and 18 andin 1 Cor 5:8 we are reminded that we are to celebrate the Feast (the 8 days of Pesach andMatzah).) He does not say this is a new covenant thereby replacing the former covenant(which is a good thing as this would make Him the anti-Messiah [by the way that theology is thefoundation of the Mormon Church, and proves that Mormonism is a false theology. One onlyneeds to read the preface to the book of Mormon to see this.]) but rather this is the newcovenant in My blood. The new covenant already existed! Where is it?

John 12:47-50 47 If anyone hears My sayings and does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I

did not come to judge the world, but to save the world. 48 He who rejects Me and does notreceive My sayings, has one who judges him; the word I spoke is what will judge him at the lastday. 49 For I did not speak on My own initiative, but the Father Himself who sent Me has givenMe a commandment as to what to say and what to speak. 50 I know that His commandment iseternal life; therefore the things I speak, I speak just as the Father has told Me.

What is the Word?Cf John 1:1-5,14-17 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Wordwas God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things came into being through Him, andapart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being. 4 In Him was life, and the lifewas the Light of men. 5 The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehendit14 And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of theonly begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 John testified about Him and cried out,saying, This was He of whom I said, He who comes after me has a higher rank than I, for Heexisted before me. 16 For of His fullness we have all received, and grace upon grace. 17 Forthe Law (Torah) was given (1325 to give, bestow, deliver, provide.) through Moses ; grace andtruth were realized (1096 to be made or created from nothing. The Hebrew equivalent is baraand is used within the creation narrative. It is the second word in Gen 1:1.) through Jesus Christ.

George Hunt, Messianic Minister 1 of 29Roots of the Messiah, www.rootsofthemessiah.com 5769 07 26 BeReishitcolor code: commentary , scripture, alternate translation, definition of Heb. or Greek word, # = Strongs number, added English word, large quotefrom another source.
http://www.rootsofthemessiah.com/http://www.rootsofthemessiah.com/


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Dt 4:13 13 So He declared to you His covenant which He commanded you to perform, that is,the Ten Commandments; (1697 davar word the Hebrew word for commandment is mitzvah ) andHe wrote them on two tablets of stone. (Cf Ex 34:28 and Dt 10: 4) Further more, note that the10 words are but a summary of the Torah or said another way, the Torah as a whole is anexplanation of the 10 words. I.e. the 10 Words say not to steal. What is the definition of theft?Without the Torah we wouldnt know.What is this Torah that was given, delivered through Moses and what is Gods relationship to it?

Lev 26:40-46 40 If they confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their forefathers, in theirunfaithfulness which they committed against Me, and also in their acting with hostility against

Me 41 I also was acting with hostility against them, to bring them into the land of theirenemiesor if their uncircumcised heart becomes humbled so that they then make amendsfor their iniquity, 42 then I will remember My covenant with Jacob, and I will remember alsoMy covenant with Isaac, and My covenant with Abraham as well, and I will remember theland. 43 For the land will be abandoned by them, and will make up for its sabbaths while it ismade desolate without them. They, meanwhile, will be making amends for their iniquity,because they rejected My ordinances and their soul abhorred My statutes. 44 Yet in spite of this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them, nor will I so abhor themas to destroy them, breaking My covenant with them; for I am the Lord their God. 45 But Iwill remember for them the covenant with their ancestors, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God. I am the Lord. 46 These arethe statutes and ordinances and laws which the Lord established between Himself

and the sons of Israel through Moses at Mount Sinai .

Grace and Truth. The Hebrew word for Grace is usually translated as lovingkindness. Thephrase Grace and Truth appears throughout the Tanakh. I.e.

Ps 119:142 142 Your righteousness is an everlasting righteousness, And Your law (Torah) istruth . 1 Kings 2:3-4 3 Keep the charge of the Lord your God, to walk in His ways, to keep Hisstatutes, His commandments, His ordinances, and His testimonies, according to what iswritten in the Law of Moses , that you may succeed in all that you do and wherever youturn, 4 so that the Lord may carry out His promise which He spoke concerning me, saying, If your sons are careful of their way, to walk before Me in truth with all their heart and with alltheir soul, you shall not lack a man on the throne of Israel. The promise is that Yeshua will sit

on the throne as king for eternity for those that receive eternal life, the promise. To thedamned they face the second death, divine wrath and do not receive the promise.2 Sam 2:6 6 Now may the Lord show (lit. do) lovingkindness (2617 chesed grace An act of chesed presupposes the existence of a relationship between the parties involved. It is centralto Gods character. It is closely tied to His covenant with his chosen people; in fact thecovenant may be thought of as the relationship from which the chesed flows. Gods chesed iseverlasting.) and truth to you ; and I also will show this goodness to you, because you havedone this thing.2 Sam 7:28a 28 Now, O Lord God, You are God, and Your words are truth ,

John 17:17 17 Sanctify them in the truth; Your word is truth . Quoted from 2 Sam 7:28(Remember Yeshua identifies Himself as truth John 14:6 6 Jesus said to him, I am the way,and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through Me.

As believers we receive the Spirit of truth. John 14:15-17 15 If you love Me, you willkeep My commandments. 16 I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Helper,that He may be with you forever; 17 that is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannotreceive, because it does not see Him or know Him, but you know Him because He abideswith you and will be in you.We are to worship in truth John 4:23-24 23 But an hour is coming, and now is, when thetrue worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth; for such people the Father



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seeks to be His worshipers. 24 God is spirit, and those who worship Him mustworship in spirit and truth.

Ps 25:10 10 All the paths of the Lord are lovingkindness (2617 grace) and truth To those whokeep His covenant and His testimonies.Ps 61:7 7 He will abide before God forever; Appoint lovingkindness (2617 grace) and truththat they may preserve him.Ps 85:7-13 7 Show us Your lovingkindness, (2617 grace) O Lord, And grant us Your salvation.(3468 Yesha from 3467 Yasha which is the root to Yeshua and Yhoshua) 8 I will hear what Godthe Lord will say; For He will speak peace to His people, to His godly ones; But let them not

turn back to folly. 9 Surely His salvation (3468) is near to those who fear Him, That glory maydwell in our land. 10 Lovingkindness (2617 grace) and truth have met together ;Righteousness and peace have kissed each other. 11 Truth springs from the earth , Andrighteousness looks down from heaven. 12 Indeed, the Lord will give what is good, And ourland will yield its produce. 13 Righteousness will go before Him And will make His footstepsinto a way. (see John 14:6 above where Yeshua says He is the way. An interesting study is tofollow Way, Truth, and Life (as in eternal life) through the Tanakh.)Ps 117:1-2 1 Praise the Lord, all nations; Laud Him, all peoples! 2 For His lovingkindness (2617grace) is great toward us, And the truth of the Lord is everlasting . Praise the Lord!

Where is eternal life commanded?Ps 133:1-3 1 Behold, how good and how pleasant it is For brothers to dwell together in unity!

2 It is like the precious oil upon the head, Coming down upon the beard, Even Aarons beard,Coming down upon the edge of his robes. 3 It is like the dew of Hermon Coming down uponthe mountains of Zion; For there the Lord commanded the blessinglife forever .Dt 30:19-20 19 I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have set beforeyou life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, youand your descendants, 20 by loving the Lord your God, by obeying His voice, and by holdingfast to Him; (this is what the definition of what faith is) for this is your life and the length of your days, that you may live in the land which the Lord swore to your fathers, to Abraham,Isaac, and Jacob, to give them.

Obviously He is not talking about life as in breathing in and out, but rather eternal life; and notdeath as in the ceasing of breathing in and out, but rather damnation. The promise was two fold:first and foremost eternal life and second length of days in the promise land here on earth.

But was eternal life through faith introduced at the time of Moses? No!Gal 3:6 6 Even so Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.Gal 3:8 8 The Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached thegospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, All the nations will be blessed in you.

So was faith introduced with Abraham? No!Heb 11:1-7 and following 1 Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. 2 For by it the men of old gained approval. 3 By faith we understand that theworlds were prepared by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out of things whichare visible. 4 By faith Abel offered to God a better sacrifice than Cain, through which he obtainedthe testimony that he was righteous, God testifying about his gifts, and through faith, though he

is dead, he still speaks. 5 By faith Enoch was taken up so that he would not see death; and hewas not found because God took him up; for he obtained the witness that before his being takenup he was pleasing to God. 6 And without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comesto God must believe that He is and that He is a rewarder of those who seek Him. 7 By faith Noah,being warned by God about things not yet seen, in reverence prepared an ark for the salvation of his household, by which he condemned the world, and became an heir of the righteousnesswhich is according to faith. etcGeorge Hunt, Messianic Minister 3 of 29Roots of the Messiah, www.rootsofthemessiah.com 5769 07 26 BeReishitcolor code: commentary , scripture, alternate translation, definition of Heb. or Greek word, # = Strongs number, added English word, large quotefrom another source.


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So the New covenant must be introduced before Abel! But where?Hosea 6:6-7 6 For I delight in loyalty rather than sacrifice, And in the knowledge of God ratherthan burnt offerings. 7 But like Adam they have transgressed the covenant; There they havedealt treacherously against Me. What covenant did Adam transgress? The Old Covenant!

The Old Covenant:Gen 1:27-29 27 God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; maleand female He created them. 28 God blessed them; (The Blessing was eternal life. We know this

as the Fathers commanded blessing of Ps 133:3 is life forevermore and later in Gen 2:17 wesee that if they disobey God they will die. They later do eat and do die (spiritually notphysically). We also see in John 12:50 that the Fathers commandment is eternal life.) andGod said to them, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; (While this has asmall bit to do with procreation that is not its focus. This is the Great Commission. Befruitful: Have the fruit of the Spirit (Love) in you i.e. Love God and obey Him (If you love Him youwill obey His commandments)- have the fruit of obedience in your own life. Multiply: makedisciples (teach others to imitate you as you imitate God) See 1 Cor 4:16, 11:1; Eph 5:1, 1 Thes1:6, Heb 6:12, 13:7 and 3 John 1:11. Fill the earth: fill the earth with the Spirit of God. Walk inlove toward you neighbors (love your neighbor as your self). Subdue it: teaching obedience toeverything commanded.What are the initial words spoken to mankind after their creation and what are some of Yeshuas

closing words as He departs from earth physically and how do they relate?Matt 28:18-20 18 And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, All authority has beengiven to Me in heaven and on earth. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations,baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching themto observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of theage.

So much has been said and done with the Great Commission in Matt 28, but little has beendone with it in relationship to the purpose for which mankind was created. Verse 19 and 20 areeasily broken down into four separate commands just as Gen 1:28a. In fact they are identical.Lets take a look.Genesis 1:28a Matt 28:19-20Be fruitful Go

Multiply make disciples of all the nationsFill the earth baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son and Holy SpiritSubdue it teaching them to observe all that I commanded youBe Fruitful (6509 parah; to be fruitful, to flourish.) ; Go (4198 to travel (lit. or fig,; espec. Toremove [fig. die], live, etc,)) If we look to the Hebrew word Halakhah we see that it means: walk,go. We also know that ones walk in scripture of before HaShem is not talking about their gateor their stride, but rather their actions before HaShem. We know that Matthew was originallywritten in Hebrew as attested to in early extra Biblical sources. Therefore, the word translatedGo is not a reference to locomotion, but rather obedience!and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing thatmoves on the earth. 29 Then God said, Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed thatis on the surface of all the earth, and every tree which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for

you;Gen 2:15-17 15 Then the Lord God took the man and put him into the garden of Eden tocultivate (5647 to serve, be made to serve, be served; work, toil, be worked; to worship, cause toworship. Used throughout Exodus in the phrase let My people go that they may serve Me. CfEx 4:23, 7:16, 8:1, 8:20, 9:1, 9:13, and 10:3)

Coming out of Egypt is a picture of our salvation. He brought us out in order to bring us in (Dt6:23) so that we would no longer be slaves to sin but rather slaves to righteousness. Paul



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picks up on this and teaches extensively about it. i.e. Rom 6:14-23 14 For sin shall not bemaster over you, for you are not under law (law Greek= nomos. In this case refers to the

Torah, the first five books of the Bible. Note those who are under the Law are gentiles(pagans) and Yeshua and all those who are under the law will be judged by their works incomparison to the Torah.

Romans 2:12 12 For all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law,(Paul makes it clear that claiming ignorance or following a path of willful ignorance willnot provide a way to circumvent judgment unto damnation.) and all who have sinnedunder the Law will be judged by the Law;) (Paul who is way after the time of Yeshua,

makes it clear that the Law the Torah is still valid and will serve as the standard bywhich those who are under the Law will be judged. This means that the pagan will becondemned for not keeping Shabbat, kosher (food laws), tzitzit, etc.

Yeshua was, and was found to be without sin, hence the reason He able to provide us withredemption through His death and resurrection. He was perfect to the Torah (this alsomeans that He could not teach against the Torah, change or alter the Torah, or replace the

Torah; not so much as one letter of it. We know this as this would at best make Him ahypocrite (teaching one thing and living another), and at worst it makes Him a liar and theAnti-Messiah. Furthermore the Torah prohibits it.

Dt 4:2 2 You shall not add to the word which I am commanding you, nor take awayfrom it, that you may keep the commandments of the Lord your God which I commandyou.

Dt 12:32 32 Whatever I command you, you shall be careful to do; you shall not add tonor take away from it. Note Dt 13 goes into addressing false prophets (ones who addand subtract from the Torah.)

Galatians 4:4-5 4 But when the fullness of the time came, God sent forth His Son, born of awoman, born under the Law, (He was to be judged in His life here on earth according tothe Law The Torah) 5 so that He might redeem those who were under the Law , (Whoneeds redemption? All who are not perfect according to the Torahs standard, all who havesinned need redemption. Therefore, it is us who prior to our salvation through the Messiahwho were under the Law. It was only through His being perfect according to the Torahthat He was able to create a credit to pay the price for our sins. That credit was createdwhen He was crucified without cause on the stake and became a curse for us.) that wemight receive the adoption as sons.

(back to Rom 6:14-23 from above) but under grace. 15 What then? Shall we sin (Note Rom3:20, 4:15, 7:7 all claim that the Torah is what defines what sin is. Note Torah means divineinstruction. The root word to Torah is yara which is an archery term which means to hit themark. Both the Hebrew word for sin, chata and the Greek word for sin hamartia arearchery terms that literally mean to miss the mark. Torah could rightly be defined asdivine instruction that hits the mark, or divine instruction that defines what is not sin andby definition, what is sin. because we are not under law (Torah) but under grace? May itnever be! 16 Do you not know that when you present yourselves to someone as slaves forobedience, you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin resulting in death, orof obedience resulting in righteousness? 17 But thanks be to God that though you wereslaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that form of teaching to which you werecommitted, 18 and having been freed from sin, you became slaves of righteousness. 19 I am

speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just as you presentedyour members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness, (if the law goes to the Torah, thenlawlessness goes to Torahlessness. Note that in 2Thess 2:3-9 the man of lawlessness is theanti-Messiah) resulting in further lawlessness, (Torahlessness) so now present your membersas slaves to righteousness, resulting in sanctification. 20 For when you were slaves of sin, youwere free in regard to righteousness. (When you were a slave to sin, you had notrighteousness in you, you were free of it. That is not a good thing to be free of.) 21 Therefore



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what benefit were you then deriving from the things (What things? Sin) of which you are nowashamed? For the outcome (5056 the end, goal, That which is aimed at. It does not, as iscommonly supposed, mean the extinction, end, termination with reference to time, but thegoal reached, the completion or conclusion at which anything arrivesIt never denotesmerely an end as to time, a termination in and for itself, for which another word (5054),death, is always used.) of those things is death.

(Rom 10:4 uses the exact same Greek words: 4 For Christ is the end (5056) of the law forrighteousness to everyone who believes. Alt trans.: For the Messiah is the goal of the

Torah, for righteousness to everyone who believes. Dt 6:25 says the same thing. Note the

word in 6:25 for commandment is in the singular form. Dt 6:4-25 is one commandmentand is referred to by Yeshua as the greatest commandment in the Torah. Of course it is, asit has to do with our salvation. We also see in John 5:45-46 that Yeshua says that if youbelieved Moses (the Torah), you would believe Me; for he wrote of Me. But if you do notbelieve his writings, how will you believe My words?)

22 But now having been freed from sin and enslaved to God, you derive your benefit,resulting in sanctification, and the outcome (5056) , eternal life. 23 For the wages of sin isdeath, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. )

(back to Gen 2:15-17)it and keep it. (8104 keep it is also in the feminine form and is frequently used in the phasekeep My commandments, statutes, ordinances, word, etc. The word means to keep, guard,protect, hedge about as with thorns, to observe (a covenant; commandments of God; the

Sabbath, a promise). They obviously were not put into the garden to cultivate it as Gen 2:5-9makes it clear that God cultivates the garden. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Genesis 1B provides thelast half of v15 as, made him dwell in the Garden of Eden to labor in the law and to keep itscommandments. (emphasis in original). The foot note below it says The phrase to till it andkeep it raised problems, since the Garden of Eden needed no one to till it Earlier in v8 thesame source says that the, garden had been planted by the Memra of the Lord Godand hemade Adam dwell there when he created him. Targum Neofiti 1: Genesis says, had him dwellin the garden of Eden to toil in the Law and to observe its commandments. Here we see thatthe ancient Jewish commentator is stating that the garden had been planted by the Messiah (theMemra) and then He put mankind into the garden. Additionally it is important to note that in Gen3:17-19 part of mans punishment was that he is to toil in the ground. When man was placedinto the garden it had been cultivated and after mans sin, part of his punishment was having to

toil in the ground. Man was put into the garden to serve God and keep/obey His Torah(commandments) or as Targum Pseudo-Jonathan states to labor in the law and to keep itscommandments. Both have the same outcome and mean the same thing.) Rom 1:18 says thesame thing:

Rom 1:18-21 18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness(763 (1) a: not (4576) to worship. Impiety, ungodliness; wickedness in general; neglect of violation of duty towards God, or neighbor or ourselves, joined with and springing fromimpiety towards God.)) and unrighteousness (93 (1) a : not (1349) dike justice. Unjust,unrighteous, It is not meeting Gods justice or His goal for us.) The opposite of this wouldbe to worship/serve HaShem and keep His commandments.

1 John 5:17a 17 All unrighteousness is sin,of men who suppress the truth (Gods word is truth, Yeshua is truth) in unrighteousness,

(93) 19 because that which is known about God is evident within them; for God made itevident to them. (God is not a liar and He doesnt command something be kept that is notknown or revealed.) 20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, Hiseternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood throughwhat has been made , so that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knewGod, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in theirspeculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, (The serpent



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was said to be crafty/cunning from the same root word that is used for naked aftermankind sinned. The root H6191 means to be bare, be smooth; to be cunning, be crafty,act craftily, form a cunning plan, deal subtly; prudent. G4680 translated here as wisemeans: wise; prudent, sensible, judicious. ) they became fools, (they hid from God andcovered themselves with aprons of vegetation.) 23 and exchanged the glory of theincorruptible God (Walking in perfection and image of God) for an image in the form of corruptible man (for that of walking in death) and of birds and four-footed animals andcrawling creatures. 24 Therefore God gave them over in the lusts of their hearts toimpurity, so that their bodies would be dishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged

the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped (4573 to worship religiously. It denotes notmerely the act of pious reverence but the act or acts of worship.) and served (3000 toserve; in a religious sense to worship God.) the creature (the serpent in the Garden, Satan)rather than the Creator, (Yeshua) who is blessed forever. Amen (This is a parallelreference to Adam and Eve and then to all of mankind that follows after.) . 28 And just asthey did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depravedmind, to do those things which are not proper, 29 being filled with all unrighteousness,wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, 30slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient toparents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful; 32 and althoughthey know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death,(Adam was told this in Gen 2:17) they not only do the same, but also give hearty approval

to those who practice them. Paul understood that Adam and Eve were to serve God andkeep His commandments.16 The Lord God commanded the man, saying, From any tree of the garden you may eat freely;17 but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that youeat from it you will surely die. (God is not a liar. The day they ate of it they died, they losteternal life and entered into spiritual death with no opportunity of redemption (at that point) thatthey knew of.) That is the conclusion of the Old Covenant. The Old Covenant being that theyare to remain in faithful obedience to HaShem and they will retain eternal life. This verse alsocontains the Law of sin and death. This Law is still in force. It states that when you sin, youwill die face damnation.)

Rom 8:1-4 1 Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. 2 Forthe law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death.

Rom 7:14 14 For we know that the Law is Spiritual, (4152 pneumatiks; fem.pneumatik , neut. pneumatikn, adj. from pnema (4151), spirit. Spiritual. (I) Pertainingto the nature of spirits. A spiritual body (1 Cor. 15:44) means a body dominated by theSpirit, in contrast to a natural or soulish body (s ma psuchikn [s ma {4983}, body;psuchikn {5591}, pertaining to soul]) which obeys ones natural instincts or soul. In Eph.6:12, t pneumatik t s ponras ([4189], iniquity) means the evil spirits. (II) Pertaining toor proceeding from the Holy Spirit, t pnema t hgion (see pnema 3, D). (A) Of persons who are spiritual, enlightened by the Holy Spirit, enjoying the influences, graces,gifts of the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 2:13, 15; 3:1; 14:37; Gal. 6:1). (B) Of things spiritual,communicated or imparted by the Holy Spirit: Rom. 15:27; 1 Cor. 2:13, meaning thosethings pertaining to the Spirit (t to Pnematos [as in 2:14]); 1 Cor. 9:11; 12:1; 14:1, thethings pertaining to the Spirit; Eph. 1:3; 5:19; Col. 1:9; 3:16, spiritual songs, meaning

those composed in the Spirit on spiritual and instructive subjects. In Rom. 7:14 the lawis spiritual means it is according to the mind and will of the Spirit. In Rom. 1:11chrisma pneumatikn (chrisma [5486], gift), a spiritual gift, means a gift relating tothe mind or spirit of Christians as enlightened and quickened by the Holy Spirit (cf. in 1:12,and see pnema, III, D, 2, e). Also spoken of things in a higher and spiritual sense, notliteral or corporeal, including also a reference to the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 10:3, 4, they atespiritual food and drank spiritual drink; 1 Pet. 2:5 a spiritual house).



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Zodhiates, S. (2000, c1992, c1993). The complete word study dictionary : New Testament(electronic ed.) (G4152). Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers.) but I am of flesh, sold intobondage to sin.

3 For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His ownSon in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, 4so that the requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us, who do not walk according to theflesh but according to the Spirit.

The New Covenant is to restore us to the point we once where at: To give us the opportunity toServe God and Keep His commandments. When we are in sin, under the Law, apart from

salvation, all that we do is sin. God looks at the actions and the heart. If the action is wrong it issin regardless of where the heart is. But as a pagan, our motivation or heart is never to do obeyGod out of a love for Him. Therefore, our motive is wrong making even any seemingly goodaction, sin.

The New (Renewed Covenant)Adam and Eve took and ate of the tree of knowledge and evil, and tried to provide a newcovering for themselves as they were outside of the covering of God. They sewed fig leavestogether representing the works of man. Gen 3:6-7.God hits the scene and in Gen 3:14 He curses the serpent (Satan) to damnation.Gen 3:14-15 14 The Lord God said to the serpent, Because you have done this, Cursed are youmore than all cattle, And more than every beast of the field; On your belly you will go, And dust

you will eat All the days of your life; (This is universally (Jewish, Catholic, Christian, Messianic)seen as eternal damnation, with no opportunity for redemption)Next God does not address mankind or it would have been judgment for them also. No, insteadHe provides for the plan of salvation; the New Covenant. Gen 3:1515 And I will put enmity Between you and the woman, And between your seed (2233 seed) andher seed; (2233) (Note that it does not say, the seed of a man and woman. This is to teach usthat the Messiah will be born of a woman who was not impregnated by a man. The only way toensure that is for the woman to be a virgin.) He shall bruise you on the head, (death- damnation)And you shall bruise him on the heel. (injure Him for a short period of time, say three days andthree nights. The seed is important. The seed is the Messiah. We see in Targum Neofiti 1:the aspect of the Messiah, reconciliation between man and HaShem through the Messiah, anddamnation of the serpent.

Genesis 3:15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your sons and her sons. And it will come about that when her sons observe the Law and do thecommandments they will aim at you and smite you on your head and kill you. But when they forsake the commandments of the Law you will aim and bite him on his heel and make himill. For her sons, however, there will be a remedy, but fro you O serpent, there will not be aremedy, since they are to make appeasement in the end, in the day of King Messiah.

We can trace the seed from here through to Abraham and continuing on through to Yeshua. Paulidentifies the seed as the Messiah.

Gal 3:16 16 Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He does not say,And to seeds, as referring to many, but rather to one, And to your seed, that is, Christ. (CfActs 3:25 and Gen 22:17-18).Our passage in Gen 3:15ff does not do away with the covenant or the commands that

precede it. In fact it requires that they stay in place and builds upon them. (The law of sinand death is first found in Gen 2:15-17 and is very much still in force. It is because of our sinthat we need a redeemer.) If we fast forward through to Noah, Abraham, and Moses we alsosee that they were all found righteous before a covenant was made with them and in no casedid what was provided to them, do away with that which preceded it nor did they provide anew way of salvation.

In the verses that follow this, we see that God punishes mankind. (Gen 3:17-19)George Hunt, Messianic Minister 8 of 29Roots of the Messiah, www.rootsofthemessiah.com 5769 07 26 BeReishitcolor code: commentary , scripture, alternate translation, definition of Heb. or Greek word, # = Strongs number, added English word, large quotefrom another source.


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Then God provides a covering of animal skin. (Gen 3:21) The new covenant requires theshedding of blood as now sin has been introduced to the world. The (clean) animal, the death of the animal, and its shed blood all represent the Messiah. The animals blood was not sufficient toprovide salvation, but pointed to the blood of the Messiah which would pay for or ratify thiscovenant. The skin also represented the Torah as a Torah scroll is always written on the skin of aclean animal that were found to be perfect. Remember that the Messiah was the word (Torah)made flesh or the living Torah. The (clean) animal was presumably perfect representing theMessiah without sin, who was a propitiation for our sins.Adam and Eve are sent out of the Garden so that they do not eat of the tree of live in an

unworthy manner and become eternally damned with no opportunity for redemption.In Gen 3:23-24 we see that the Targum Ps-J says:And the Lord God drove him out of the Garden of Eden and he went and settled on Mount Moriahto till the soil from which he had been created . 24. And he drove Adam out of (the place) where,from the beginning , he had caused the Glory of his Shekinah to dwell between the two cherubim.Before he had yet created the world, he created the Law. He established the Garden of Eden for the righteous, that they might eat and take delight in the fruit of the tree, for having during their lives cherished the instruction of the Law in this world and fulfilled the precepts. For the wicked he established Gehenna, which is like a sharp two-edged sword. Within it he established sparksof fire and burning coals with which to judge the wicked, who during their lives rebelled against the instruction of the Law. The Law is better for him who toils in it that the fruit of the tree of life, (that Law) which the Memra [Word Messiah Yeshua] of the Lord established to be kept so

that the people might endure and walk in the paths of the way of life in the world to come.(italics in original)Prov 11:30 30 The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life, And he who is wise wins souls.(According to Paul in Romans 6:16 obedience results in righteousness. Romans 6:19 says thatbeing a slave to righteousness results in sanctification and 6:22 says that being enslaved toGod results in sanctification and that the outcome of sanctification is eternal life. OBEDIENCE=> RIGHTEOUSNESS, SLAVE TO RIGHTEOUSNESS = SLAVE TO GOD, SLAVE TORIGHTEOUSNESS/TO GOD => SANCTIFICATION, SANCTIFICATION => ETERNAL LIFE.Prov 3:13-19 13 How blessed is the man who finds wisdom (singular feminine form) And theman who gains understanding (singular feminine form) . 14 For her (third person, singularfeminine form this makes wisdom and understanding one) profit is better than the profit of silver and her gain better than fine gold. 15 She is more precious than jewels; and nothing

you desire compares with her. 16 Long life is in her right hand; in her left hand are riches andhonor. 17 Her ways are pleasant ways and all her paths are peace. 18 She (the shethroughout this passage is a reference to the same person but to this point that person isnot defined for us.) is a tree of life to those who take hold of her, And happy are all who holdher fast. 19 The Lord by wisdom founded the earth, By understanding He established theheavens. (According to the Targumim and John 1:1ff Yeshua is the one who founded the earthand established the heavens. Therefore we know that the tree of life is not only the Torah andall of its commandments, but it is also the Messiah. We also see that the feminine form of serve in Gen 2:15 is a reference to the Messiah!)

Did Adam and Eve understand that the Seed is to be their savior? Yes!! But they thought Cain,then Abel, and then Seth were to be the Messiah and provide redemption to them. It was notuntil Seth has a son that they collectively begin to have faith in HaShem looking forward to His

salvation. We do however see from Heb 11:4 that at least Abel understood this prior to his deathbecause he was a man of faith. Lets take a look.

Gen 4:1 1 Now the man had relations with his wife Eve, (Their act of cohabitation is recorded forus so that we know that Cain is not the Messiah.) and she conceived and gave birth to Cain, andshe said, I have gotten a manchild with the help of the Lord. (They look to Cain to be the



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Messiah. Note that His name means acquisition; root means: to possess; to acquire. They werelooking for Cain to possess salvation and that through him they could acquire salvation.)

Next they have Abel in v2. Abel means withering; fading away; vapor; transitory . His nameforeshadows his untimely death and that his death will be as a vapor passing away not providingeternal life like that of the Messiah.Cain holds something against his brother yet brings his sacrifice to God. (Remember Yeshuawhen He says in Matt 5:23-24 that if you have something against your brother, leave yoursacrifice at the altar and go; reconcile to your brother and then come and present your sacrifice

to God.) His sacrifice is rejected by God. (Note that fruit offerings are commanded within the Torah so it obviously could not be a problem because he brought fruit.) Abels sacrifice isaccepted by God. Cain kills Abel. Abel cannot be the Messiah as he is dead and does not rise.Cain cannot be the Messiah as he has visible sin in his life and is just like Adam and Eve. (Justbecause a sin is not noted for Abel does not mean he was perfect. Other passages withinscripture make it clear that he sinned. For all have sinned and fallen short)

The Birth of The New Testament Church!Now we fast forward to the end of the chapter: Gen 4:25-26 25 Adam had relations with his wifeagain; (again we see the emphasis on the role Adam plays in the pregnancy.) and she gave birthto a son, and named him Seth, (Means appointed; compensation; substitute; to replace) for, shesaid, God has appointed me another offspring (2233 seed) in place of Abel, for Cain killed him.

(This passage makes it clear that Adam and Eve (mankind) were looking to Seth to surely be theMessiah as Cain and Abel could not be the Messiah. However, an interesting thing happens toSeth. Seth has a son.) 26 To Seth, (Seth is mentioned so as to make it clear that he participatedin the process. Therefore we know that his son cannot be the Messiah either.) to him also a sonwas born; and he called his name Enosh. (Now the following is the key.) Then men began to callupon the name of the Lord. When Seth had a son, mankind realized that the Messiah was goingto be off in the future and that they were going to have to call of the name of the Lord for theirsalvation. This verse proves that HaShem is our Savior and since we know that the Seed isthe Messiah and is our Savior, we know that The Messiah must be HaShem. Note that that iswhat ancient Judaism teaches also.

Midrash Rabbah Bereishit 23:5 AND SHE CALLED HlS NAME SETH: FOR GOD HATHAPPOINTED ME ANOTHER SEED, etc. R. Tanhuma said in the name of Samuel Kozith: [She

hinted at] that seed which would arise from another source, viz. the king Messiah. INSTEADOF ABEL, FOR CAIN SLEW HlM. Through the sin against Abel, Cain was slain. It was as if twotrees were standing near each other, and a wind uprooted one of them, which fell upon theother and uprooted it too. Similarly, you read, INSTEAD OF ABEL, FOR HE SLEW CAINMidrash Rabbah Bereishit 51:8 8. AND THE FIRSTBORN SAID UNTO THE YOUNGER: OURFATHER IS OLD, AND THERE IS NOT A MAN IN THE EARTH. etc. (XIX, 31). They thought that thewhole world was destroyed, as in the generation of the Flood. COME, LET US MAKE OURFATHER DRINK WINE... THAT WE MAY PRESERVE SEED OF OUR FATHER (ib. 32). R. Tanhumasaid in Samuel's name: It is not written, that we may preserve a child of our father, but, THATWE MAY PRESERVE SEED OF OUR FATHER: viz the seed that comes from a different source,which is the King Messiah.Midrash Rabbah Bereishit 53:12 AND GOD SAID UNTO ABRAHAM: LET IT NOT BE

GRIEVOUS IN THY SIGHT... FOR IN ISAAC SHALL SEED BE CALLED TO THEE (XXI, 12): R. Judanb. Shalum said: Not ' Isaac , but IN ISAAC is written here. R. Azariah said in the name of BarHutah: The beth (IN) denotes two, i.e. [thy seed shall be called] in him who recognises theexistence of two worlds; he shall inherit two worlds. R. Judan b. R. Shalum said: It is written,Remember His marvellous works that He hath done, His signs [E.V. wonders], and the

judgments of His mouth (Ps. CV, 5): [God says]: ' I have given a sign [whereby the truedescendants of Abraham can be known], viz. he who expressly recognises [God's judgments]:



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thus whoever believes in the two worlds shall be called " thy seed , while he who rejectsbelief in two worlds shall not be called "thy seed". (two worlds is a reference to the gift of life through the Messiah and damnation through rejection of the Messiah.)Midrash Rabbah Ruth 7:15 15. AND THE WOMEN SAID UNTO NAOMI: BLESSED BE THELORD, WHO HATH NOT LEFT THEE THIS THIS DAY WITHOUT A NEAR KINSMAN (ib. 14). Just asthis day holds dominion in the skies, so shall your seed produce one who shall hold dominionand rule over Israel for ever. R. Hunya said: It was as a result of the blessings of those womenthat the line of David was not cut off entirely in the days of Athaliah. R. Tanhuma said in thename of R. Samuel: Elsewhere it is written, That we may preserve seed of our father (Gen.

XIX, 32). It is not written ' son , but seed ; that seed which comes from another place. Whois thus referred to? The Messiah.Midrash Rabbah Ruth 8:1 R. Huna said: It is written For God hath appointed me anotherseed (Gen. IV, 25), that is, seed from another place, referring to the Messiah. R. Berekiah andR. Simon said: We may illustrate with a parable of a king who was travelling from one place toanother, when a precious pearl fell from his head. So the king and all his retinue stoppedthere. All the passers-by asked, What are the king and his retinue doing here? Theydiscerned the reason and said, A pearl has fallen from his head. What did he do? Hegathered all the soil into heaps and brought brooms. He had one heap swept, but did not findit; a second heap, and he did not find it; but in the third, he found it, and they announced,The king has found his pearl! So the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Abraham, Get theeout (Gen. XII, 1). It was to thee that I looked forward. What need had I to record the

genealogy of Shem, Arpachshad, Shelah, Eber, Peleg, Nahor, and Terah? (I Chron. 1, 24). Onlyon account of thee, Abram-the same is Abraham (ib.); And foundest his heart faithful before Thee (Neh. IX, 8). So said the Holy One, blessed be He, to David, What need had I to recordthe genealogy of Perez, Hezron, Ram, Amminadab, Nahshon, Salmon, Boaz, Obed, Jesse? Onlyon account of thee; I have found My servant, David.

Joel 2:32a 32 And it will come about that whoever calls on the name of the Lord Will bedelivered;Peter at Shavuot (Pentacost)Acts 2:21 21 And it shall be that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.Paul after he has said that the goal of sin is death and then later that Messiah is the goal of the Torah for righteousness to everyone who believes, goes on to say in that same chapterRom 10:11-13 11 For the Scripture says, Whoever believes in Him will not be disappointed.

12 For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all,abounding in riches for all who call on Him; 13 for Whoever will call on the name of the Lordwill be saved.Peter in Acts 4: identifies Yeshua as HaShem in the flesh, and as our savior.Acts 4:8-12 8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, Rulers and elders of thepeople, 9 if we are on trial today for a benefit done to a sick man, as to how this man hasbeen made well, 10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel, that by thename of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the deadbythis name this man stands here before you in good health. 11 He is the stone which wasrejected by you, the builders, but which became the chief corner stone. 12 And there issalvation in no one else; for there is no other name under heaven that has been given amongmen by which we must be saved.

We also see that calling upon Him for our salvation has the desired outcome of unifiedobedience.Zeph 3:9 9 For then I will give to the peoples purified lips, That all of them may call on thename of the Lord, To serve Him shoulder to shoulder.We also see that those who do not call upon the name of HaShem the prophet Jeremiah callsfor their destruction, their damnation. Note also that this knowledge is a knowledge of intimacy.



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Jer 10:23-25 23 I know, O Lord, that a mans way is not in himself, Nor is it in a man whowalks to direct his steps. 24 Correct me, O Lord, but with justice; Not with Your anger, or Youwill bring me to nothing. 25 Pour out Your wrath on the nations that do not know You And onthe families that do not call Your name; For they have devoured Jacob; They have devouredhim and consumed him And have laid waste his habitation.

This phraseology is used repeatedly. However, there is an interesting thing about this passagein Gen 4:26. This portion can be translated equally: (Then men profaned calling upon thename of the Lord. Or Then to call in the Name of HaShem became profaned.) Just asmankind began to call on the name of God for their salvation (the birth of the New Testament

Church), men profaned calling on His name for their salvation, espousing the concept thatthey could save themselves variously (the birth of paganism).

Did anyone else see this in scripture?Heb 12:24 24 and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood, whichspeaks better than the blood of Abel. The author of Hebrews saw that the sacrifice or death of Abel was not able to provide the redemption of the new Covenant. This requires that the newcovenant had to be in place before the death of Abel for his blood to even be considered to beadequate. Yeshua was the one whose blood could be shed for the new covenant, not Abels. Theauthor of Hebrews saw that the new covenant preceded Cain and Abel.

Did they know the Torah (law) before Moses?

Rom 5:12-14 12 Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, (Through the sinof Adam, sin entered the entire world) and death through sin, (We see here that Paul says thatAdam died the day he ate of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, and that that death wasthrough sin, (266 hamartia; sin, missing the true goal and scope of life.) and so death spread toall men, because all sinned 13 for until the Law (This is a reference to the Torah being providedby Moses) sin was in the world, (Paul says that between the time of Adam and Moses sin was inthe world. If we look at the time of Noah, Lot, Joseph we see that clearly. We also see thatmurder, sexual immorality of a wide variety of types, etc. are punished but are not defined orcodified as sin until Moses. Even Noah knew the difference between clean and unclean animals.)but sin is not imputed when there is no law. (If they did not have the Torah, sin, or infractions of the Torah, would not have been charged, taken into account, taken into consideration, orimputed against them.) 14 Nevertheless (235 and, but (even), howbeit, indeed, nay,

nevertheless, notwithstanding, save, therefore, yea, yet) death reigned from Adam until Moses,(Paul is not saying that God held mankind accountable to a standard that they did not know orthat did not exist. Nor is he saying that God changed the standard or introduced a new standardat the time of Moses. Paul is saying that mankind did know what the definition of sin andrighteousness were and that they were held accountable to the same standard from the time of Adam to Moses. This is important to understand as in Gal 3:17 Paul talks about the promise of salvation through faith in the promised seed preceding the providing of the Torah in a writtenform to Moses. In Galatians He takes them back to the time of Abraham, and the promised seedas much of the focus within Galatians was on Abraham and his life. It would have been odd tochange directions and go back to Adam at that point and unnecessary as anyone prior to Moseswould have been adequate for the argument he was making.) even over those who had notsinned in the likeness of the offense of Adam, (Paul is addressing the argument that I didnt eat

of the tree of knowledge of good and evil and I am a good person so I will live or Im betterthan those around me so God has to save me and is saying that even though your sin may bedifferent, greater or less than that of Adam, it still leads to death just as it did for those who livedbetween Adam and Moses.) who is a type of Him who was to come. (In the verses that follow wesee that Adam is similar to the Messiah in that death, damnation came into the world throughone man, just as salvation came into the world through one man.)



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Gal 3:15-26 15 Brethren, I speak in terms of human relations: even though it is only a manscovenant, yet when it has been ratified , no one sets it aside or adds conditions to it. 16 Nowthe promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He does not say, And to seeds, asreferring to many, but rather to one, And to your seed, that is, Christ. (The promises werespoken to Abraham were in regard to the Messiah. We also see that when the covenant withman has been ratified it cannot be altered, this is very important to keep track of and find outwhen this covenant was ratified. Most would teach that it was ratified with the coming of theMessiah or with His death on the cross. Lets continue on to see if scripture provides us with adefinitive timeframe as to when it was ratified.) 17 What I am saying is this: the Law, (The Torah)

which came four hundred and thirty years later, (the time between Abraham and Moses) doesnot invalidate a covenant previously ratified by God , (Here we see that Paul immediatelyprovides us with the answer we were looking for regarding when the covenant was ratified. Paulin this narrative says it was ratified at least 430 years prior to the provision of the Torah in acodified manner. Remember that once it has been ratified it cannot be added to or set aside byanyone. Furthermore, the implication is that the Torah that was codified 430 years later cannotbe an added condition to it, therefore it must have been apart of it to begin with. Pauls mainconcern that he is addressing is dispensationalism. The Galatians were looking to obedience tothe Torah, their being Jewish, for their salvation wrongly believing that Moses had ushered inthis as a new dispensation replacing the former dispensation that was one of faith. It isinteresting that today we have dispensationalism that claims that Yeshua ushered in faith thatreplaced the keeping of the Torah or being Jewish. If we were to go back to the origin of both the

covenant and the promise we see that both are found in the first three chapters of Genesis. Thequestion of which came first at that point is mute as both are completely interconnected andinseparable.) so as to nullify the promise. (That is something to be thankful for, that thecodification of the Torah did not nullify the promise of salvation through the Messiah. Note thatto alter the Torah after it has been ratified does nullify the promise according to this verse.) 18For if the inheritance is based on law, it is no longer based on a promise; but God has granted itto Abraham by means of a promise. (If eternal life, not the promise of eternal life, is based on the

Torah (obedience to it/keeping it), then Moses did usher in a new dispensation as it is no longerthrough the promised seed. Note that Paul wrote this about 30 years after the death, burial, andresurrection of the Messiah and his focus is on the fact that salvation has always been and willalways be through the promised seed, Yeshua. We see this point brought out by Paul in

Romans 4:13-17 13 For the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir

of the world was not through the Law, (torah) but through the righteousness of faith.(Righteous was never through the Torah, It was always about the Messiah.) 14 For if thosewho are of the Law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise is nullified; (And as we sawabove, this is not the case.) 15 for the Law brings about wrath, (showing the need forredemption through the Messiah.) but where there is no law, there also is no violation. (The

Torah provides us with the definition of what sin is. If we eliminate the Torah, then sin willcease to exist. However, pandemonium and chaos will be the rule.) 16 For this reason it is byfaith, in order that it may be in accordance with grace, so that the promise will be guaranteedto all the descendants, (The from before the time of Moses to those who are after the time of Moses to those who after the time of the Messiah, etc.) not only to those who are of the Law,(In this case, those who are of the Law are those who are apart from faith, they aretherefore under the Law as pagans and as such will be judged according to the Torah. We

know this as they are contrasted to those who are of faith. This means that the promise isoffered and guaranteed to all peoples regardless of genealogical backgrounds.) but also tothose who are of the faith of Abraham, (those who are redeemed through faith in the Messiahare of the same faith as Abraham.)

Gal 3:6-9, 26-29 6 Even so Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him asrighteousness. 7 Therefore, be sure that it is those who are of faith who are sons of Abraham. 8 The Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith,



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preached the gospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, All the nations will be blessed inyou. 9 So then those who are of faith are blessed with Abraham, the believer ...26 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For all of you whowere baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew norGreek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are allone in Christ Jesus. 29 And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abrahamsdescendants, heirs according to promise.

John 8:39 39 They answered and said to Him, Abraham is our father. Jesus said tothem, If you are Abrahams children, do the deeds of Abraham. What are the

deeds of Abraham? The Torah! We know that as the covenant was ratified by this timeand no provisions could be added to it or subtracted from it according to Gal 3:16ff above.Who are the children of Abraham? Those who are of faith in Yeshua.

who is the father of us all, 17 (as it is written, A father of many nations have I made you) inthe presence of Him whom he believed, even God, who gives life to the dead and calls intobeing that which does not exist. )

19 Why the Law then? (So then why the Torah?) It was added because of transgressions, havingbeen ordained through angels by the agency of a mediator, until the seed would come to whomthe promise had been made. (Before Adam and Eve sinned, truth, the Torah existed as we haveseen in John 1:1-17 above. Mankind did not have or need commands regarding what to do afterhe has been caught stealing, after he accidentally kills someone, he murders someone, etc., assin was not present. Mankind only had to serve God in absolute perfection. One of the reasons

for the provisions of Torah is to provide mankind with a way of dealing with their sin betweeneach other (reconciliation and restitution) and most importantly, a way of restoring ourrelationship with HaShem when we have sinned because it is affected when we sin. Anotherpurpose is to show us how detestable sin is to God and how costly it truly is. The Torah was notdone away with, as some would teach here in verse 19, with the coming of the seed, but ratherthe Torah here is acting as the one who brings us to the Messiah and it was added because of oursin to show us our dependence as pagans for Gods redemption. When we come to faith in theMessiah it no longer functions in this capacity. It now provides us with the definition of what issin and what is not sin, how to worship and serve God and how not to worship and serve God,etc. now that we are no longer slaves to sin (now that we are not longer in the position whereeverything that we are doing is by definition sin and detestable to God.) Let me emphasize andclarify what this verse is saying. It is initially talking about when we were in this world as

pagans, Gentiles. It is saying that because of our status as pagans, the Torah was added to, toteach us how to deal with our sin, how to be reconciled to HaShem. . It was added to through theMessiah, the Mediator. When we come to faith, the Seed will have come to us, those to whomthe promise of salvation has been made.) 20 Now a mediator is not for one party only; (TheMessiah is mediator not only to those who are of faith, but also those who are not of faith. Inone the righteous judgment called for is salvation and the other it is damnation.) whereas God isonly one. 21 Is the Law then contrary to the promises of God? May it never be! (Said as astatement another way, The Torah is not contrary to the promise of salvation from HaShem. Maythat thought never cross your mind or literally may it not be created from nothing. ) For if a lawhad been given which was able to impart life, then righteousness would indeed have been basedon law. (Paul recognizes that if God could have provided redemption to mankind after they sinnedthrough any other means besides the death of Yeshua, He would have. The Torah, contains the

promise of salvation through the Messiah, but trusting in the Torah or trying to keep all of thecommands within the Torah cannot and never did provide anyone salvation.) 22 But theScripture has shut up everyone under sin, (All of mankind is damned by their sin. No one isrighteous on his own merit. The Torah makes it clear that we cannot attain salvation apart fromthe Messiah. Without the Messiah, we are not only slaves to sin, we are under sin/under the Law.Moses makes this clear in



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Dt 29:19-21 19 It shall be when he hears the words of this curse, that he will boast, saying,I have peace though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart in order to destroy the wateredland with the dry. 20 The Lord shall never be willing to forgive him, but rather the anger of the Lord and His jealousy will burn against that man, and every curse which is written inthis book will rest on him , (Therefore he will be under the Law or Torah as the curses of the

Torah will rest on top of him. This is where Paul got the phrase under the law or under the Torah from. This is also found in Dt 28:13, 15, 20, 45, 61, 65; 29:27; 30:1, 7.) and the Lordwill blot out his name from under heaven. 21 Then the Lord will single him out for adversityfrom all the tribes of Israel, according to all the curses of the covenant which are written in

this book of the law.so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. (See Heb 11 fora short list of those from Able on who received the promise by faith) 23 But before faith came,we were kept in custody under the law, being shut up to the faith which was later to be revealed.(There are two times this is addressing simultaneously. The first and foremost is the time framebetween Adam and Eves sin and when HaShem provides for His salvation with the promise seed.We see this as Adam and Eve were dead, they lost the gift of eternal life when they sinned. Theywere then a slave to sin and bound or held in custody under the Torah facing the final judgmentand damnation. They were not aware of the option of faith in a Messiah as it does not appearthat it had been revealed to them prior to Gen 3:15. When it was revealed to them, they thoughtit was to occur in their immediate son, but later realized that it would be some time in the future.With their faith in the Messiah they were no longer under the Law or Torah but under Gods

grace. The second is weaker but still present within this verse. It is the time frame from whenwe and individuals were gentiles (pagans) and when God reveals His plan of salvation to us. Wewere slaves to sin, bound or held in custody under the Torah facing the final judgment anddamnation until we accepted the Messiah.) 24 Therefore the Law has become our tutor to leadus to Christ, so that we may be justified by faith. (The Torah serves many functions (See theappendix for a short list of some of the attributes of the Torah according to Scripture.). Paul isnow focusing on the fact that the Torah would guard us on the path to the Messiah and lead us tothe Messiah. The Greek word here refers to the slave who conducted the boys from home tothe school. (It was not until later that it came to denote the teacher or educator.) When wewere pagans and obeyed the commands of the Torah in the physical sense (as our motives wereobviously wrong so it was still sin) we would reap some of the benefits. For instance, if we didnot rob a bank we would have a certain level of peace in our life and we did not suffer the

consequences of being a thief in the physical world. It also showed us the need for analternative method of righteousness as we continuously fail in our obedience. The Torahpointed us to the Messiah. Yeshua says the same thing in John 5:45-46 where Yeshua says,

John 5:46-47 46 For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me. 47But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe My words? (In verse 46 the firstinference we see is that if we believed Moses, we would do all that is commanded in the

Torah. We would keep kosher, keep Shabbat, etc. as he commanded and defined it. We alsosee that all of the Torah is about the Messiah and that all that the Messiah taught and did is inaccordance with the Torah. Therefore if one were to say that the Messiah did away with theShabbat, that person must be able to show in the Torah that that is one of the things theMessiah is going to do. Otherwise, there is not permission for that statement. V47 is arhetorical question. If one does not believe Moses, there is no way they can believe the words

of the Messiah.Ex 19:9 9 The Lord said to Moses, Behold, I will come to you in a thick cloud, so that thepeople may hear when I speak with you and may also believe in you forever . ThenMoses told the words of the people to the Lord.Ex 14:31 31 When Israel saw the great power which the Lord had used against the Egyptians,the people feared the Lord, and they believed in the Lord and in His servant Moses .



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Ex 4:29-31 29 Then Moses and Aaron went and assembled all the elders of the sons of Israel;30 and Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had spoken to Moses. He then performed thesigns in the sight of the people. 31 So the people believed; and when they heard that theLord was concerned about the sons of Israel and that He had seen their affliction, then theybowed low and worshiped.

25 But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor. (This passage is often used tosay that the Torah, the tutor has been done away with. That is not at all what Paul is saying. If he were, he would be a false prophet, (Dt 13) contradicting himself and Yeshua, and a liar. (Seeappendix on Who is Paul.) What Paul is saying is that now that we have accepted the faith in the

promise seed and are no longer pagans, we are no longer under the Law, we are no longer facing judgment according to our motives, thoughts, and actions in comparison to the Torah whichprovides no outcome for mankind besides death/damnation. Now we are under grace. Now wehave the opportunity to actually keep/obey the commands of the Torah and we have the gift of life. In the context of the examples provided within this section of Galatians we have to askourselves, Now that we have the promise that was spoken of above to Abraham, how can we saythat it nullifies the commands which were provided 430 years later? Context prohibits it, logicprohibits it, scripture prohibits it.) 26 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.(We are sons, not fathers. We were of the household of Satan, slaves to sin, facing damnation,free from any righteousness, dead. Now we have been adopted as sons into the household of HaShem. Who sets the rules in HaShems household? HaShem, not the adopted son. What arethe rules in His household? The Torah! They were the rules before we came into His household

and in fact when we were pagans, they the standard by which we were going to be judged anddamned according to as we were under the Law, under sin, under the curse of the Law, orunder the tutor/pedagogue. When we were outside of His household we had no opportunity tokeep any of His commands and we were to be judged according to the Torah. Now that we areadopted as sons and He is our Father, we have the opportunity to keep all of His commands. Wedo not have the right or privilege to question, alter, add to, or subtract from, any of Hiscommands.

Now we see that the Old Testament of the Bible is from Gen 1:1 Gen 3:14 and the New Testament of the Bible is from Gen 3:14 to Rev 22:21. It should also be noted that the NewCovenant did not do away with anything from the original covenant but rather it renewed it

just as we have a new Moon each month. Furthermore, the covenant with Noah provided no

new plan of salvation, but rather presupposes a covenant of salvation, and was added on top of the Covenants of Adam. (Note also that the Rainbow is for God to see and remember not todestroy us via a universal flood because of our sinfulness. Think about it, a sign is only neededto warn of something that is eminent. Seeing a rainbow is not a good thing.) The same is truefor the covenants with Abraham and Moses. They presuppose that salvation is providedpreviously. After Moses no new commands are ever provided within the scripture. Jeremiah31:31-34 (the new covenant passage) is addressing the future, at the judgment of therighteous, (which occurs after the reunification of the house of Judah and the house of Ephraimor Israel as one), where what changes is that we will no longer have the opportunity to breakGods covenant by sinning like we did when we left Egypt (when we got saved here on earth).

The opportunity for sin is removed in eternity or else we would have to be removed from eternitybecause of our sin, thereby making eternity temporary and requiring a second judgment, a

second opportunity for re-salvation or damnation etc. It then goes on to say that (Jer 31:33-34) Jer 31:33-34 I will put My law (lit. Torah) within them, and on their heart I will write it (The Torah) ; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. And they shall not teach again,each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying Know the Lord, for they shall allknow Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, declares the Lord, for I will forgivetheir iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more. (Within this passage we see that thepagans are not present. Israel is all that is present, and they (by definition) will know



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HASHEM, will be forgiven, and their sins forgotten. The pagans sins are not forgiven, norforgotten as we saw in Dt 29:20-21 above. Today we still teach our neighbors and brothers toknow the Lord as not all know Him. Note also that Yeshua uses similar phraseologyregarding the least of them to the greatest of them in the context of in eternity in Matt5:17-19.

Matt 5:17-19 17 Do not think that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets; (Oneabolishes something Hebraicly by wrongly interpreting or applying something.) I did notcome to abolish but to fulfill. (One fulfills something Hebraicly by rightly interpreting orapplying something. It should be noted that that is exactly what Yeshua does from here to

Matt 7:12 and then from 7:13-8:27 He warns of false prophets, those who say Lord, Lord,who prophesied in His name and cast out demons in His name, and performed miracles inHis name but practice lawlessness, or more accurately Torahlessness, He says I neverknew you; Depart from Me, you who practice Torahlessness. These false prophets arealso discussed in Dt 13.) 18 For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, notthe smallest letter or stroke shall pass from the Law (Torah) until all is accomplished. (Untileternity ends, not all that is commanded or promised within the Torah will beaccomplished.) 19 Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, andteaches others to do the same, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; butwhoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. Notethat it is the one who keeps and teaches the Torah who will be great in the kingdom of heaven. Obedience does not provide the salvation, nor does disobedience prohibit or

eliminate salvation. Continued or willful disobedience does however call into questionwhether one truly is saved or not. Remember, If you love Yeshua, you will keep Hiscommandments.

If Adam and Eve (mankind) had not sinned, their/our eternal life would have remained secure intheir/our obedience under the old covenant.

The introduction of sin to mankind necessitated a new covenant to be ushered in at the time of sin (not 4000 years later) with our salvation being manifested through faith the Messiah. TheGreek word for faith is 4102 pistis : being persuaded, faith, belief. In general it implies such aknowledge of, assent to, and confidence in certain divine truths, especially those of the gospel,as produces good works. Simply a knowledge and assent to religious truths without good worksis false faith.

Rev 14:12 12 Here is the perseverance of the saints who keep the commandments of God andtheir faith in Jesus. Alternate translation based on the meanings of the names and titles: Hereis the perseverance of the saints who keep the commandments of HaShem and their faith inHaShems salvation.

So what about the new covenant in Jer 31:31-34? Jer 31:31-34 31 Behold, days are coming, (this is off in the future from the time of Jeremiah)declares the Lord, (Declares HaShem. This is important as so often we are taught that thecommands of HaShem were replaced by the commands of the Messiah. While this is basicpolytheistic theology, many churches espouse this theology.) when I will make a new covenantwith the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, (This is to be a new covenant with the

House of Israel and Judah. Note that it is not a covenant with the Gentiles/pagans. Also notethat the word used for new here means to renew. A related word in the Hebrew is used of thenew moon. It does not mean new as in replacing that which is old but rather taking somethingthat exists and renewing it, making it fresh again.) 32 not like the covenant which I made (It willbe different. The focus is on what the difference will be.) with their fathers in the day I took themby the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, (When the covenant is renewed it will bedifferent in comparison to the covenant with Moses. But how will it be different?) My covenantGeorge Hunt, Messianic Minister 17 of 29Roots of the Messiah, www.rootsofthemessiah.com 5769 07 26 BeReishitcolor code: commentary , scripture, alternate translation, definition of Heb. or Greek word, # = Strongs number, added English word, large quotefrom another source.


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which they broke, although I was a husband to them, (We broke it and HaShem did not break it.So what will be the difference? God will break the new one? No! May it never be! No, thedifference will be that We will not have the ability or opportunity to break the covenant andHaShem will not break it either. When does that happen. Not until after we die physically. After,we die the opportunity for sin is removed from all people. Those that receive the gift of life willbe declared righteous and enter into eternity. We know that they cannot sin as God cannot be inthe presence of sin, there is but one judgment, the Messiah cannot die a second time to redeemus again, etc. If we sin in eternity, God would need to remove us from eternity, thereby makingthe gift of eternal life temporal. That is a contradiction. Eze 37:15-28 develops this further.)

declares the Lord. (Again the emphasis is on HaShem.) 33 But this is the covenant which I willmake with the house of Israel after those days, (Note that the House of Judah is not called outseparately. That is because they have been rejoined with Israel. Josephus, a Jewish historiansoon after the time of Yeshua, says that it happened at his time and they were still lookingforward to its occurrence. The Orthodox Jewish community, as are many Messianic, are stilllooking for this to happen. This has not happened yet. ) declares the Lord, I will put My law(Torah) (Whose Torah? HaShems Torah) within them and on their heart I will write it; (The Torahor HaShem is what the it refers to here. Some argue that this occurred at Shavuot in Acts 2.While we as believers do have this to a certain extent, we do not have it perfectly put into us andwritten on our hearts. All we have to do is look at our lives and compare it to the Torah and seethat this has not been done to its fullest and perfect amount.) and I will be their God, and theyshall be My people. (Again this began in the garden but has not come to its fullest. There are

times when HaShem is not God in our lives and we are our own god and we sin.) 34 They willnot teach again, each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying, Know the Lord, forthey will all know Me, (Obviously we all know pagans who do not know HaShem. They rejectHim. We still teach one another what it is to know God.) from the least of them to the greatest of them, (Yeshua uses this phraseology in Matt 5:19 in relationship to those in the kingdom of heaven. This is in regards to Israel in the Kingdom of Heaven.) declares the Lord, for I willforgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more. (This is the clincher for we knowthat no pagans/gentiles can be present. Their iniquity is not and will not be forgiven and their sinis remembered. They will be judged according to their works in relationship to the Torah. Sowhat is the new covenant? It is taking the covenant of HaShem and renewing it perfectlywithin us. Truth does not change and the Torah is truth. Ps 119:142 and it is everlasting Ps117:2.

1 Chr 1:1-4a Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah."Man (is) appointed mortal sorrow, (but) the praised God descends, instructing (that) His Deathshall bring to (the) afflicted rest ."

Are you saying that I must obey the Torah to be saved? - No!Gal 3:11-12 11 Now that no one is justified by the Law (This is speaking specifically of the Torah)before God is evident; for, The righteous man shall live by faith. (note this is a quote from Hab2:4 written some 600 years before the birth of Yeshua. ) 12 However, the Law is not of faith; onthe contrary, He who practices them shall live by them. (This is a quote from Lev. 18:5. Paul isusing the Tanakh to prove that Salvation is of faith not obedience to the Torah. He cannot quotefrom the Torah to prove that the Torah is wrathful or evil, or done away with (Unless it is a

prophecy in the Torah to state that it would be done away with). Salvation sought by obedienceto the Torah is legalism and always results in damnation/death.)

You have the opportunity to obey the Torah because you are saved!!! John 14:15, 21 15 If you love Me, you will keep My commandments 21 He who has Mycommandments and keeps them is the one who loves Me; and he who loves Me will be loved byMy Father, and I will love him and will disclose Myself to him. (Yeshua speaking)George Hunt, Messianic Minister 18 of 29Roots of the Messiah, www.rootsofthemessiah.com 5769 07 26 BeReishitcolor code: commentary , scripture, alternate translation, definition of Heb. or Greek word, # = Strongs number, added English word, large quotefrom another source.


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Are Jesus commandments different than Gods? No, remember they are one not two. John 10:30 30 I and the Father are one.

Appendix A: Torah Attributes

HASHEMs Truth: His Torah - His Salvation (Yeshua) The Spirit of Truth: John 14:17, 15:26, 16:13, 1 John 4:6 Truth identified as Yeshua: John 14:6 Ps 145:18, Ps 40:10-11 Ps 85:10-11

Yeshua full of grace and Truth: John 1:14, 17 Truth is in Yeshua: Eph 4:21Gods words are Truth: John 17:17 Ps 119:160

The Torah is Truth Ps 119:142, Mal 2:6All of Gods commandments are Truth: Ps 119:151

Truth is everlasting: Ps 117:2We are to obey the Truth: Romans 2:8 Gal 5:7If we willfully continue to sin after receiving the knowledge of truth there is no sacrifice left forus: Heb 10:26

Other Torah attributes include:His Torah is Spiritual (of the Spirit) Rom 7:14

His Torah is holy Rom 7:12His Torah is established in faith Rom 3:31His Torah is not sin Rom 7:7His Torah defines what sin is Rom 3:20, 4:15, 7:7

Yeshua is the goal of the Torah Rom 10:4 (note the goal of sin is death (damnation) Rom 6:20-21)His Torah is the embodiment of knowledge Rom 2:20His Torah is the embodiment of the truth Rom 2:20

The Torah of God is perfect Ps 19:7, James 1:25 The Torah is in the heart of the believer Ps 37:31, 40:8 The Torah is a gracious gift from God Ps 119:29, John 1:16-17 The Torah is truth Ps 119:142, Mal 2:6 The Torah is the source of Peace to those who love it Ps 119:165

The Torah is the source of happiness Pr 29:18 The Torah is the delight of the believer Ps 119:70, 77, 174 The Torah is loved by the believer Ps 119:97, 113, 163 The Torah is great Isa 42:21 The Torah is the Torah of liberty/freedom James 1:25 The Torah is glorious Isa 42:21 The Torah contains wonderful things for our eyes to behold Ps 119:18 The Torah is better than silver or gold Ps 119:72 The Torah is the source of happiness to those who keep it Prov 29:18 The Torah is good (valuable or virtuous) 1 Tim 1:8, Rom 7:16 The Torah is kind/gracious Prov 31:26 The Torah is on the lips of the virtuous woman Prov 31:26

The Torah is HASHEMs Hos 4:6 Ps 1:2, 119:1 The Torah is the way of life Ps 119:1 Yeshua is the living Torah John 1:1-5, Rev 19:13 The Torah is the same for everyone Num 15:15-16, 27-29, Acts 15:19-21 & 28-29 (the

essentials Acts 15:28-29 get them into the synagogue so they can hear the whole Toraheach and every Shabbat.)

The Torah is just Dt 4:8George Hunt, Messianic Minister 19 of 29Roots of the Messiah, www.rootsofthemessiah.com 5769 07 26 BeReishitcolor code: commentary , scripture, alternate translation, definition of Heb. or Greek word, # = Strongs number, added English word, large quotefrom another source.


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The Torah presents us with how to attain eternal life Dt 30:19 The Torah presents us with death if we reject life Dt 30:19 The Torah presents us with the blessings believers will receive for obedience Dt 30:19, Matt 5:19Blessed is the man who is chastened by HASHEM according to the Torah Ps 94:12 1 Cor 30:32Blessed is the man who is taught the Torah Ps 94:12

The Torah presents us with the curses we receive for disobeying it Dt 27:26, 28:58ff, Dt 30:19 The Torah will be put perfectly into the innermost being of believers in eternity Jer 31:33 The Torah will be put perfectly into the hearts of believers in eternity Jer 31:33 The Torah of HASHEM is in the heart of the righteous Ps 37:31, 40:8

The Torah will not be kept by the believers for a time Ps 78:9-11Believers will be perfectly obedient to the Torah in eternity Eze 37:23 The Torah is the standard by which pagans will be judged and damned Rom 3:19-20, John 5:45 The Torah is eternal Jer 31:33, Dt 29:29 The Torah is for the believer to keep (obey) Dt 30:8ff, Dt 31:12 Yeshuas stake and stripes were because of our forsaking of the Torah Ps 89:30-35 The Torah leads unbelievers to and protects them along the way to Messiah Gal 3:24 The Gospel was preached by HASHEM to Abraham in the Torah Gal 3:8 The Torah is all about Yeshua John 5:46If we dont believe the Torah, we cannot believe Yeshua John 5:46-47

The Torah is light Prov 6:23One cannot believe Yeshuas words if he does not believe the Torah John 5:47

He who turns away his ear from listening to the law, Even his prayer is an abomination. Prov28:9Anyone who has set aside the Law of Moses dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three

witnesses. Heb 28:10 The weightier provisions of the Torah are Justice, Mercy and Faithfulness Matt 23:23 Those who practice Torahlessness will not receive eternal life Matt 7:23, 13:41, 23:27-28 The wicked forsake the Torah Ps 119:53 Those who follow after wickedness are far from the Torah Ps 119:150 The proud/arrogant are not in accord with the Torah Ps 119:85When Torahlessness is increased, most peoples love will grow cold. Matt 24:12When we come to the Messiah our Torahless deeds are forgiven Rom 4:7, Tit 2:14

Yeshua hates Torahlessness Heb 1:9

Torahlessness and righteousness are opposites 2 Cor 6:14The practice of sin is the practice of Torahlessness 1 John 3:4Sin is Torahlessness 1 John 3:4If we die without the Torah, we are damned Rom 2:12If we live under the Torah, we will be judged by the Torah (and we are damned) Rom 2:12

The doers of the Torah will be justified Rom 2:12 (Remember the greatest command of the Torah,Love HASHEM 100%! Without it you cannot do any other part of the Torah! Loving HASHEM issoteriological.)

The Torah cannot be added to or subtracted from Dt 4:1-2,

Old and New Covenants, A Messianic Jew's Torah 101 Primer

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