O’Keefe

O’Keefe

Monet

Matisse

Manet

van Gogh

Picasso

Escher

Salvador Dali

Abstract Art Extra Credit (+5 max)

Create an abstract representation of an angiosperm(s) utilizing similar techniques you have seen by some of the greats.

Due 3/14-15

Chapter 38 Quick Overview

Flower Anatomy

Sepals, Petals, Stamens (M), Carpels (F) Male Female (Stamens) (Carpels) Filament Stigma Anther Style Pollen (sperm) Ovary, ovule Receptacle  

Embryo sacs

Pollination:

(pollinating agents) Self pollination

vs. self incompatible (“self”/ “nonself”)

S-genes (fig. 38.6 + fig. 38.5)

Sporophytic and gametophytic self-incompatibility

“Self-Incompatibility”

prevents Self-Fertilization in some plants

Self/Non-self recognition How is this different from humans?

If “SELF” is detected:

RNA hydrolyzing enzymes may destroy pollen

Or Stigma maybe affected

Germination

Plants in Motion - Corn germination

Fruit Types

What is the definition of a “true fruit” ?

Simple, aggregatemultiple (p.738)

Asexual Reproduction

clone of parent vegetative reproduction, fragmentation,

apomixis (unfertilized-- seed production) Protoplast fusion p.742 What is monoculture?

CHAPTER 39 Control Systems in Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

What is a hormone anyway?

Hormone:

Greek for “to excite

- produced in a specific area

- travel to another specific area (target organ)

- used in minute concentrations

The Main Players

5 PLANT HORMONES to know …and their functions, target sites, plant conditions, examples

auxincytokinin gibberellin ethyleneabscisic acid

Auxin

IAA (indoleacetic acid) Location: seed embryo; meristems of apical buds and

young leaves Function: stem elongation; root growth, differentiation,

branching; fruit development; apical dominance; tropisms

Auxin over time

Cytokinins

Modified forms of adenine Location: roots (and actively growing tissues) Function: root growth and differentiation; cell division

and growth; germination; delay senescence (aging); apical dominance (w/ auxin)

Gibberellins

GA3

Location: meristems of apical buds and roots, young leaves, embryo

Function: germination of seed and bud; stem elongation; leaf growth; flowering (bolting); fruit

development; root growth and differentiation

Abscisic acid

ABA Location: leaves, stems, roots, green fruit Function:

Ethylene

Gaseous hormone Location: ripening fruit tissue; stem nodes; aging

leaves and flowers Function: fruit ripening; oppositional to auxin (leaf

abscission); promotes/inhibits: growth/development of roots, leaves, and flowers; senescence

Chapter 39.2

Daily and Seasonal Responses Circadian rhythm (24 hour periodicity) Photoperiodism (phytochromes – red light sensitive)

Short-day plant: light period shorter than a critical length to flower (flower in late summer, fall, or winter; poinsettias, chrysanthemums)

Long-day plant: light period longer than a critical length to flower (flower in late spring or early summer; spinach, radish, lettuce, iris)

Day-neutral plant: unaffected by photoperiod (tomatoes, rice, dandelions) Critical night length controls flowering

Let's see this

Phototropisms

Cryptochromes (blue light sensitive) Positive is growth toward light Negative growth away from

Sunflower phototropisms Sunflower photomorphogenesis

Thigmotropisms

Morning Glory response

Mimosa plant response– Example of turgor pressure change as well

Gravitropisms

Depends on starch filled vessels (amyloplasts) Orientation changes result in differential growth causing curvature.

Roots display positive Stems display negative

Let’s see it

Lab 5 – Cellular Respiration in Germinating Peas

C6H12O6 + O2 - - - > CO2 + H2O

Issue of O2 & CO2 Solution: KOH + CO2 K2CO3

Also PV = nRTso, if water temp and volume is constant then water will move toward lower pressure area. As oxygen is consumed during respiration, its volume is reduced. Net result is a decrease in volume within in the tube and thus a decrease in pressure in the tube (so water will continue to move in as respiration occurs)

Purpose of only rock tube?Allow detection of any changes in volume due to atmospheric pressure changes or temperature changes.