1

2

o`{k [ksrh

Hkw[k] tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj vU; HkweaMyh; leL;kvksa

dk o`{kksa ls vkaf'kd lek/ku

ys[kd%

fjLrks blksekdh

esudk xk¡/h

fganh :ikarj %

Mk- jes'k nÙk 'kekZ

olq/So dqVqEcde

3

izdk'kd % olq/So dqVqEcde~ 2004

eqnzd % dSfiVy fØ,'kUl] ubZ fnYyh

vkoj.k % psUuw ,l- ekFkkM

olq/So dqVqEcde~

}kjk& yksdk;u

13 vyhiqj jksM+

fnYyh & 110 054

bl iqLrd dh lkexzh dk fdlh Hkh :i esa mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk

gS] lzksr dk mYys[k djsa rks vPNk yxsxkA

4

^^;g ouLFkyh [kM+h gS

fofo/ iq"ifpUgkas ls lfTtr]

gfjr lkM+h igudj]

vius dksey 'kjhj ij]

vdkj.k vadqfjr iqyd ls flgjh

if{k;kssa ds dyjo esa

ckjEckj dygkl djrh gqbZ**

& KkuihB iqjLdkj ls lEekfur ey;ky; ds

egkdfo Lo-th- 'kadj dq#i ds dkO; laxzg

^vksVDdq"ky* (ckalqjh) ls lkHkkjA

5

fo"k; lwph

ifjp;

vè;k;&1 % o`{kksa ls vkgkj

• ckjkuh vkSj lw[ks bykds % tgka Hkw[k eaMjkrh gS

• o"kkZou dk bykdk

• xeZ ns'kksa dh ueHkwfe;ka

• Åaps ioZr vkSj mÙkjh {ks=k

• iQiQwanh ds taxy% Hkwfexr Økafr

• leqæksa esa cM+s isM+

• ouo`{kksa ls tM+hcwfV;ka

vè;k;&2 % xjekrh /jrh dk ikjk p<+us ls jksdsaxs isM+

• egko`{kksa dk çkphu txr

• dkcZu dks lks[krs gSa gjs isM+

• xzkeh.k thfodk c<+k;sxh d`f"k okfudh ;kuh o`{k [ksrh

• ,d u;k oSKkfud fo"k; !

• isM+ksa ls bZa/u vkSj bekjrh ydM+h

vè;k;&3 % o`{k&çtuu esa lq/kj dh vksj

• [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa ds iztuu esa u;h n`f"V

• d`f"k vkSj o`{k&çtuu dk laf{kIr bfrgkl

• iQynkj isM+ksa dh ijkaijkxr vkSj vk/qfud ckxckuh

• dYiuk dks lkdkj djus ds xqj

• dgka #dsa \

vè;k;&4 % egRoiw.kZ o`{k çtkfr;ka

• rkM+dqy (ikeh) ds isM+

6

• ukfj;y dks dSls feyh mldh vkd`fr

• /jrh ij dSls mrjk ukfj;y

• v[kjksV&dqy (tqxyS.Mslh)

• fia?ky dqy (dksfjyslh)

• ikaMoksa ds 'kL=k dSls cps

• eVj dqy (ysXewfeukslh)

• beyh dh ifÙk;ka bruh NksVh D;ksa

• ou esa jke dh okfVdk% iapoVh

• jktk vkSj mldk <ksy

• tSrwu dqy (vksfy,lh)

• vkez&dqy (,ukdkfMZ,lh)

• cq¼ vkSj okuj

• jktdqekjh tks vke dk isM+ cu xbZ

• ;wiQksfcZ;k dqy (;wiQksfcZ,lh)

• vkcuwl dqy (,chuslh)

• vkcwuwl dh ydM+h dkyh D;ksa \

• phM+dqy (ikbuslh)

• lkbçl (l:) dqy (lkbçslslh)

• ;wdfyIVl (liQsnk) dqy (feVsZlh)

• tkequ dk isM+

• canj dk fny

• vathj dqy (eksjslh)

• dVgy

• cjxn vkSj ihiy

• tc Hkhe us rkdr fn[kkbZ

• dqpyk (fLVªDuksl) dqy (yksxsfu,lh)

• voksdkMks dqy (ykWjslh)

• ckvksckc dqy (ckWiQsØslh)

7

• ,jksdsfj;k dqy (,jksdsfj,lh)

• xqykc dqy (jkstslh)

• lhcdFkksuZ dqy (byhXuslh)

• foyks (csar etuw) dqy (lsyhdslh)

• ckat dqy (iQsxslh)

• fpukj dqy (IysVsuslh)

• taHkhj dqy (fVfy,lh)

• nynyh lkbçsl dqy (VSDlksfM,lh)

• csj dqy (jSEuslh)

• nq%[kHkaftuh

• fMIVsjksdkiZ dqy (fMIVsjksdkihZ)

• HkDrksa dk liuk

• Vhd (lkxksu) dqy (ochZuslh)

• ;qorh ftldk çseh Fkk isM+

• jktdqekj vkSj eksjia[kh

• fxadks dqy (fxadks,lh)

• czkthy uV dqy (ysflfFkMslh)

• dsyk dqy (E;wlslh)

• dsys dk xkN vYik;q okyk D;ksa \

• ukxiQuh dqy (dSDVSlh)

• jrkyw (;Se) dqy (Mk;ksLdksfj,lh)

• iihrk dqy (dSfj,lh)

• ckal midqy (cSEcwlh)

• csy dqy (:Vslh)

• f'kdkjh dh iwtk

• czkã.k xjhc D;ksa \

• vukj dqy (iwuhdslh)

• jktk vkSj ekyh

8

• ge isM+ gSa gedks er dkVks

• iz'kfLr d:¡ isM+ksa dh

• isM+] /jrh] lyhc vkSj ge

lanHkZ

9

ifjp;

thou ds laè;kdky eas xka/h th dsoy ogh vkgkj ysrs Fks] tks o`{kksa ls feyk gks &

dan&ewy&iQyA mlds vykok os cdjh dk nw/ Hkh ihrs FksA bl ckr dks muds fudVre lg;ksxh Hkh

ugha le> ik, fd xka/h th us ,slk D;ksa fd;k \ dqN yksx rks bls cq<+kis dh lud dgdj eqag

fcpdkrs FksA

ysfdu ;gka Hkh xka/h th dh ogh nwjn`f"V dke dj jgh Fkh] tks vU; {ks=kksa esa fn[kkbZ xbZ FkhA

mudk iQykgkj dk iQSlyk cM+k gh egRoiw.kZ Fkk vkSj ogh bl iqLrd dks Hkh çdkf'kr djus dk çsjd

jgk gSA og gS f'k{k.k ,f'k;k ds vkSj nqfu;k ds yksxksa dks ;g crkuk fd xka/h th fdrus lgh FksA

ekuo bfrgkl ds ,d vkSj egkiq#"k xkSre cq¼ us Hkh o`{kksa ls iSnk fd, x, vkgkj ds egRo

ij cy fn;k FkkA cq¼ us vius f'k";ksa dks gj lky ikap isM+ yxkus dh lykg nh Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk

fd ;g Hkh è;ku j[ksa fd ;s isM+ iQyrs&iQwyrs jgsaA

çfl¼ xka/hoknh i;kZoj.kfon~ lqanjyky cgqxq.kk us Hkh ;g çpkj fd;k fd o`{k [ksrh gh fo'o

dks çnw"k.k dh vkx ls cpk;sxh vkSj isV dh vkx cq>k;sxhA D;ksafd [ksrh ds fy, tehu cph ugha rks

vkdk'k ls Hkkstu ysuk gksxk ;kuh isM+ksa ls] tks Åij tkrs gSa vkSj tehu de ?ksjrs gSaA

ge esa ls gj dksbZ bu egkiq#"kksa ds opuksa dks deZ esa <kydj vf/d ls vf/d Hkw[k dh

leL;k feVkus vkSj i;kZoj.k dh rckgh jksdus esa enn dj ldrk gSA [kklrkSj ls ,sls isM+ yxk,a

ftudk vkdkj fo'kky gksrk gS vkSj tks yach mez rd thrs gSaA

[kklrkSj ls fHkUu&fHkUu vkdkj ds [kk|tud isM+ tehu ds mlh VqdM+s esa mxk, tk,a rks os

vukt okyh iQlyksa ls T;knk Hkkstu miyC/ djk ldrs gSaA isM+ pV~Vkuh tehuksa] csdkj vkSj catj

tehuksa vkSj igkM+h <ykuksa ij Hkh mxk ldrs gSa vkSj tgka [ksrh ugha dh tk ldrh ogka Hkh Hkkstu tqVk

10

ldrs gSaA vkSj vf/drj o`{kksa dh çtkfr;ka lw[kk gks ;k ck<+ ;k ;q¼ ds fnuksa esa Hkh iQy nsrh jgrh

gS] tc ,d&nwljs dks mtkM+us esa yxh ukle> lsuk,a iQlyksa dks Hkh ugha c['k+rhA [kk|tud isM+ksa dks

mxkdj 'kk;n Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k dk dyad /jrh ds ekFks ls ges'kk ds fy, feVk;k tk ldsA

ekuo bfrgkl esa cM+s&cM+s egy] fijkfeM vkSj eafnj] efLtn vkSj fxjtk?kj oxSjg reke rjg

dh [kwclwjr bekjrsa cukbZ xbZa tks lSdM+ksa vkSj dksbZ&dksbZ gtkjksa lky ls vius lqanjrk fc[ksj jgs gSaA

ysfdu bu vuwBh bekjrksa dks dqN lezkV] lqyrku vkSj egkjktk gh cuok ldsA vxj ge pkgsa rks

geesa ls gjsd L=kh&iq#"k futh rkSj ij ;k lkekftd :i ls bu egyksa oxSjg ls Hkh T;knk mi;ksxh

vkSj lqanj thrh&tkxrh ^bekjrsa* [kM+h dj ldrs gSa] tks iQyrh&iQwyrh gS vkSj vkneh lfgr reke

thotarqvksa dks ikyrh&ikslrh gSa vkSj rktk gok lfgr dan&ewy&iQy] Nk;k] baZ/u] pkjk vkSj bekjrh

ydM+h rFkk tM+h&cwfV;ka çnku djrh gSA ;s ^ftank bekjrsa* gSa isM+ ftUgsa dksbZ Hkh mxk ldrk gSA ge

mu fldks;k isM+ksa dk NksVk&lk taxy mxk ldrs gSa tks 100 ls 120 ehVj dh yackbZ rd c<+ tkrs gSa

vkSj ftudk ?ksjk Hkh 10 ehVj rd dk ns[kk x;k gS vkSj mez gks ldrh gS 6000 o"kZA ;k fiQj ge

iks"kd ckvksckc o`{k mxk ldrs gSa tks vkneh dks f[kykus ds fy, iks"kd iQy] esok] ifÙk;ka 4000 ;k

5000 o"kZ rd iSnk djrs tkrs gSaA

;k fiQj ge mu ,Liu ikS/ksa dks mxk ldrs gSa tks ,d rjg ls vej gSa D;ksafd mudk fo'kky

tM+&ra=k bruk psru gS fd yk[kksa lky rd iuirk jgrk gSA vxj ge vklku isM+ mxkus ls igys

ekgdksjkbtk oxZ ds dod ;kuh iQiQwanh Hkh mxk nsa rks ,Lisu ds isM+ dh tM+ra=k ij c<+rs gq, ;s

iQiQwanh bruk iks"k.k tM+ksa dks çnku djrs jgsaxs fd ,Liu ds isM+ksa dk taxy [kM+k gksdj nl yk[k

lkyksa ls Hkh T;knk le; rd ekuo dh lsok djrk jgsxkA bl rjg ls gekjh viuh gh ftanxh esa

fd;k x;k ekuo&dY;k.k dk ;g NksVk&lk dke ekuo vkSj thotarqvksa dh mu reke ihf<+;ksa dh lsok

11

djrk jgsxk tks gekjs ckn bl /jrh ij okl djsaxh & 'kk;n 50]000 ihf<+;ksa rd vkSj muls Hkh

T;knkA

;k fiQj ge bruk rks dj gh ldrs gSa fd igys ls [kM+s cM+s isM+ksa dks mudh iwjh mez gksus rd

thus dk ekSdk nsa vkSj vxj os ejsa Hkh rks /hjs&/hjs viuh çkd`frd e`R;q dk oj.k djsaA bl rjg ge

bl /jrh dks ,d vuwBh eueksgd txg cukus esa lgk;d gksaxs] tgka gj oxZ fdyksehVj esa egkdk;

o`{kksa ds rjg&rjg ds jax&:i ds rus] Vgfu;ka] ifÙk;ka] iQwy vkSj iQy lSdM+ksa o"kZ rd çkd`frd 'kksHkk

c<+krs jgsaxsA

fjLrks blksekdh gsyfladh] fiQuyS.M

esudk xka/h] ubZ fnYyh] Hkkjr

12

vè;k; 1 % o`{kksa ls vkgkj

^^,d tekuk Fkk tc idh gqbZ lqugjh ckfy;ksa ls Hkjs gq, [ksr lEiUurk ds çrhd FksA ysfdu

gj lky [ksrh djuk bl ,d gqbZ nqfu;k esa igys gh viuh ykHkçnrk [kks pqdh gSA okf"kZd iQlyksa vkSj

>kfM+;ksa dh [ksrh djus esa ilhuk cgkuk balku us can dj fn;k gSA vc rks çksVhu cgqy dan] ewy]

iQy] esok oxSjg iSnk djus okys isM+ vkSj >kfM+;ksa dh gtkjksa fdLesa mxh gqbZ gSa] ftUgsa cl ,d ckj

mxk;k x;k FkkA buds taxy iwjh /jrh ij nks fo'kky ifV~V;ksa esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa gSDVj esa iQSys gq, gSaA

;s lpeqp gh iQlyksa dh moZjrk dh çkphu nsoh ^lsjht* ;k vUuiw.kkZ ds lkezkT; ls yxrs gSaA

^n xSysDlh vkWiQ ,.MªksesMk]* 1958 esa lksfo;r foKku ys[kd

boku tsizQseksiQ+ dh pkSFklglzkCnh ds fo'o dh dYiuk

tc lc ns'k vkSj ukxfjd fey tqydj jgsaxsA

1- o`{kksa ls vkgkj

tkWu lksYVks Mxyl vkSj ,-ts-fM- gkVZ ds vuqlkj fo'o dh dsoy 8&10 çfr'kr Hkwfe ij

[ksrh gksrh gS] ysfdu bl tehu esa vPNh fdLe dh mitkÅ d`f"k&Hkwfe igys gh 'kkfey gks pqdh gSA

nwljh vksj o`{k[ksrh dh tk, rks fo'o dh de ls de 75 çfr'kr Hkwfe ij iQynkj isM+ mxk;s tk

ldrs gSaA tks tehusa ijaijkxr [ksrh ds vuqdwy ugha gSa] mu ij Hkh isM+ mxk, tk ldrs gSa] tSls fd

'kq"d vkSj v/Z'kq"d Hkwfe] rh[ks <ykuksa okyh igkfM+;ka vkSj o"kkZouksa dh tehu ijA

vkt nqfu;k esa 120 djksM+ ds djhc yksx Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k ls ihfM+r gSa vkSj gekjh orZeku

[kk|&mRiknu ç.kkfy;ksa ij c<+rh tula[;k dk ncko Hk;kud xfr ls c<+ jgk gSA blfy, vxyh lnh

esa o`{k [ksrh dk egRo vkSj Hkh ç[kjrk ls Li"V gks tk,xkA

lu~ 2100 esa /jrh ij 10 ;k 12 ;k 15 vjc yksx jg jgs gksaxsA ;kuh bl le; ls

djhc&djhc nqxus yksxA tula[;k ls Hkh vf/d rsth ls miHkksDrk&laLd`fr ds tcM+s pkSM+s gks jgs gSaA

13

tks d`f"k&mRiknu dh reke ç.kkfy;ksa dks yhyrh tk jgh gSA bl d`f"k&mRiknu ç.kkyh dk ewy vk/kkj

yxkrkj fldqM+rk tk jgk gSA tehusa catj gks jgh gSaA ikuh nwf"kr gks jgk gSA [ksrh djuk ?kkVs dk lkSnk

gks x;k gSA Åij ls ;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vejhdk ds vehjksa dh 'kku&'kkSdr c<+kus ds fy, ck;ksekl

(tSo lkexzh) ls Hkh dkjksa ds fy, baZ/u cuk;k tk jgk gS] dkxt&feyksa esa ck;ksekl vkSj ydM+h dh

yqxnh cu jgh gS] lwvj vkSj xk;ksa dk ekalkgkj ds fy, tqVkus esa pkjk vkSj nkuk nksuksa dh [kir c<+

jgh gSA tula[;k ds foLiQksV ls Hkh T;knk bl ykyp ds foLiQksV ij è;ku nsuk gksxk] D;ksafd iwjh

nqfu;k esa vehj yksx if'peh ns'kksa dh foykflrk vkSj Hkksxokn dh udy dj jgs gSaA

vejhdk ds gh ^oYMZ okp bULVhV~;wV* us vuqeku yxk;k gS fd vxj fo'o dk [kk|&mRiknu

15 çfr'kr Hkh c<+k fn;k tk, rks ,d vke Hkkjrh; tSlk Hkkstu 10 vjc yksxksa ds fy, dkiQh gS_

brkyoh Hkkstu ls 5 vjc yksx isV Hkj ik,axs vkSj vejhdh & tSlk [kkuk [kk;k x;k rks cl <kbZ

vjc yksxksa dk isV Hkj ik,xkA Hkkjrh; Hkkstu esa ;gka vf/drj 'kkdkgkjh Fkkyh 'kkfey dh xbZ gS tks

fd ,d O;fDr dh lHkh iks"k.k laca/h t:jrsa iwjh dj nsrh gSA brkyoh Hkkstu esa Hkkjrh; Hkkstu ds

eqdkoys ekalkgkj vf/d gksrk gSA m/j vejhdh vkgkj vf/dka'k ekal gh gksrk gS] ftls iSnk djus ds

fy, vf/drj vukt] nw/ vkSj eNyh tkuojksa dks gh f[kyk fn, tkrs gSaA

;gka lcls fparktud ckr ;g gS fd vc ,f'k;k vkSj vizQhdk esa Åijh rcds vkSj eè;oxZ

ds ifjokjksa esa 'kkdkgkj dk çpyu ?kV jgk gS vkSj ekalkgkj dk 'kkSd rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA [kkuiku ds

if'peh rkSj&rjhds viukus esa cM+h 'kku le>h tkrh gSA vxj vf/dkf/d yksx 'kkdkgkj NksM+dj ekal

[kkus yxs rks xjhcksa ds fy, vUu vkSj i'kqvksa ds fy, pkjs vkSj nkus dh Hk;adj deh iM+ tk;sxhA

lkFk gh iwjh nqfu;k esa [ksrh okyh tehuksa dh mitkÅ&{kerk ?kV jgh gSA oYMZ okp bULVhV~;wV

ds vuqlkj vizQhdk dh 65 çfr'kr d`f"k Hkwfe;ka nf{k.k vejhdk dh 45 çfr'kr vkSj ,f'k;k dh 38

çfr'kr [ksrh ;ksX; tehu fdlh u fdlh gn rd igys gh rckgh ds paxqy esa gSaA

14

la;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| vkSj d`f"k laxBu ds vuqlkj dqN n'kdksa esa gh fo'o dh ckjkuh d`f"k

Hkwfe dk 30 çfr'kr feV~Vh ds dVko ds dkj.k dqy mRikndrk esa fxjkoV dk f'kdkj gks pqdk gSaA

phu dh 73 çfr'kr vkSj ikfdLrku dh 80 çfr'kr d`f"k Hkwfe esa iQkLiQsV dh deh gSA dqy feykdj

fo'o dh 2300 yk[k gSDVj flafpr d`f"k&Hkwfe esa ls ,d&frgkbZ ls ysdj ls ysdj vk/h ds chp

tehusa ;k rks jsghyh gks xbZ gSa ;k fiQj muesa ikuh Hkjs jgus ls [ksrh ds dkfcy ugha jghaA

b/j ikuh dk ladV Hkh c<+rk tk jgk gSA Hkkjr] ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k dk vf/dka'k] phu

dk gj egRoiw.kZ d`f"k&{ks=k vkSj vejhdk] eè; iwoZ vkSj mÙkjh vizQhdk esa flpkbZ ds fy, va/k/qa/

ikuh [khap&[khapdj Hkwry ds HkaMkj [kkyh gksrs tk jgs gSaA bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd gfj;kyh

vkSj o`{kksa dh gjh pknj m/M+ tkus ls Hkwty ds lzksrksa esa fiQj ls ikuh Hkjus dh çfØ;k #d xbZ gSA

b.Vjus'kuy bjhZxs'ku eSustes.V bULVhV~;wV ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa Hkwty&lalk/uksa dk nksgu bruh rsth ls

gks jgk gS fd iqueZj.k rks gks gh ugha ikrk vkSj mlls nqxuh rsth ls Hkwty [khapk tk jgk gSA Hkkjr ds

yxHkx lHkh fgLlksa esa Hkwty dk Lrj ,d ls rhu ehVj çfro"kZ uhps tk jgk gSA

ikWiqys'ku ,D'ku b.Vjus'kuy uked laLFkk us vuqeku yxk;k gS fd lu~ 2025 rd 280 djksM+

ls 350 djksM+ rd yksx ,sls gksaxs tks ikuh dh Hkkjh deh dk lkeuk djsaxsA la;qDr jk"Vª ds ^th-bZ-vks-

&2000* dk;ZØe ds fo'ks"kKksa us fglkc yxk;k gS fd nks frgkbZ ekuork tYnh gh ikuh ds fcuk

rM+ius yxsxhA

^vkbZ-ih-lh-lh-* ;kuh ^n b.Vjus'kuy iSuy vkWu DykbesV psat* dk vkdyu gS fd uhy unh

esa ikuh dk çokg xjekrh /jrh ds vlj ls 75 çfr'kr rd ?kV tk,xkA dqN&dqN ,slk gh vlj

fla/q unh ij Hkh iM+sxkA vxj vkcksgok ;ksa gh T;knk xje gksrh jgh rks mruh gh iQly iSnk djus ds

fy, T;knk flapkbZ djuh iM+sxhA ty lalk/uksa ij Hkh c<+rh vkcknh dh c<+rh I;kl vkSj [kir viuk

nq"çHkko fn[kk jgh gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd vusd ns'kksa dks vius ukxfjdksa dk isV Hkjus

15

yk;d vUu iSnk djus ds fy, u,&u, fodYi [kkstus gksaxsA bl le; phu dh 70 çfr'kr vkSj Hkkjr

dk 50 çfr'kr [kk|kUu flafpr {ks=kksa ls vk jgk gS] tks fd vc fVdkÅ ugha jgs vkSj mRiknu esa vk,

Bgjko ls tw> jgs gSaA

c<+rs 'kgj vkSj lM+dsa vkSj eksVjxkfM+;ka Hkh mitkÅ [ksrksa dks fuxyrs tk jgs gSaA mnkgj.k ds

fy, vejhdk esa gj ubZ eksVjdkj dk eryc gS d`f"k ;ksX; 0-06 gSDVj Hkwfe dk ?kV tkukA d`f"k&Hkwfe

dk blls dqN de fgLlk çnw"k.k] cM+s cka/] [kkusa] dkj[kkus vkSj vU; fodkl ;kstukvksa dh HksaV p<+

tkrk gSA bu çk;kstukvksa ds dkj.k Lo;a fo'o cSad crkrk gS fd fiNys ,d n'kd esa gj lky 80 ls

90 yk[k yksx foLFkkfir gks jgs gSaA

;fn xjekrh /jrh us leqæ dh lrg Åaph mBk nh rks rVorhZ {ks=kksa dh dkiQh mitkÅ tehu

lkxj esa lek tk,xhA

bu lc Mjkous vkadM+ksa dks tksM+ ysa rks ;g fcYdqy lkiQ gks tkrk gS fd bl bDdhloha lnh

esa [ksrh ;ksX; Hkwfe dkiQh ?kV tk;sxh vkSj T;knk ls T;knk tehusa [ksrh ds dkfcy ugha jgsaxhaA

cph&[kqph cgqr&lh tehusa blfy, d`f"k ;ksX; ugha gSa fd ;k rks ogka igkM+ [kM+s gSa] ;k

o"kkZou gSa ;k fiQj jsfxLrku tSlh 'kq"dHkwfe gS] ftlesa [ksrh ugha dh tk ldrhA ;gka feV~Vh dk dVko

Hkh gksrk jgrk gSA vxj ;gka xyr rjhdksa ls [ksrh dh xbZ rks tks cph&[kqph mcZjrk gS] og Hkh u"V gks

tk,xh vkSj fiQj >we [ksrh okys fdlkuksa dh rjg bu tehuksa dks mtkM+us ds ckn fdlkuksa dh [ksrh ds

fy, dgha vkSj taxy tykus ;k dkVus iM+saxsA bl rjg dh NwV Hkh ugha gSa vkSj u gks ldrh gSA

bl iwjh leL;k dk ,d gh lek/ku gS & o`{k [ksrh ;kuh vUunkrk isM+ mxkvksA dqN nwljh

rjg ds isM+ Hkh mxk, tk,aA blds vykok bu reke lokyksa dk dksbZ tckc ugha gSA

isM+ksa dks vki lp iwNsa rks dgha Hkh mxk yhft,A ftu cph&[kqph csdkj&lh Ålj tehuksa dks

[ksrh ugha gks ldrh] ogka Hkh isM+ ets ls mxk, tk ldrs gSaA lw[kh] v/lw[kh tehu gks] iFkjhyh

16

feV~Vh gks] o"kkZouksa dh xhyh jiVhyh Hkwfe gks ;k fiQj lh/h igkM+h <ykusaA tVk&twV okys isM+ viuh

tM+sa] gj txg tek ysrs gSa vkSj vc rks rjg&rjg dh ubZ rduhdsa Hkh fudy vkbZ gSaA vc vki

cgqeaftyk d`f"k ç.kkyh djrs gSaA bls viuk dj fdlh Hkh rjg dh d`f"k&tyok;q vkSj ikfjra=k esa vki

o`{k [ksrh dj ldrs gSaA isM+ Hkh mxk,a vkSj iQlysa HkhA dSyhjh] çksVhu vkSj vU; iks"kd rRoksa ds

fygkt ls çR;sd gSDVj vf/d vUu mxkb,A vkSj D;k pkfg, \ vdsyh [ksrh D;k deh bruk nsrh \

dHkh ughaA

vdsys isM+ vf/drj ç.kkfy;ksa esa iQlyksa dh [ksrh ls T;knk Hkkstu eqgS;k dj nsaxsA bl lPpkbZ

dh liQkbZ nsus dh t:jr ugha gSA isM+ T;knk gksrs gSa vkSj okf"kZd ikS/ksa ds eqdkoys mudh tM+sa cM+h

yacs xgjh tkrh gSaA bl rjg isM+ T;knk /wi ih tkrs gSa] vkSj gok ls T;knk dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM [khaprs

gSaA lkFk gh os lrg ij ds ty ds vykok feV~Vh dh T;knk xgjh ijrksa ls iks"kd rRo vkSj ueh pwl

ysrs gSaA

tc Hkh vkcknh ,d [kkl Lrj ls T;knk c<+rh gS vkSj c<+rh gh pyh tkrh gS] rks dqN bl

rjg dk #[k ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd yksx vius vki gh T;knk isM+ mxkus yxrs gSaA nqfu;k ds dbZ

bykdksa esa ;g #>ku utj vkrk gSA tgka Hkh vkcknh T;knk ?kuh gqbZ fd cgq&eaftyk] cgqrçtkrh;

d`f"kokfudh dh vksj yksxksa dk >qdko gqvk vkSj x`gokfVdk,a] [kklrkSj ls xeZ vkcksgok okys eqYdksa esa

iuius yxhaA

mnkgj.k ds fy, nf{k.kiwohZ ukbthfj;k esa tgka tula[;k dk ?kuRo 1000 O;fDr çfr oxZ

fdyksehVj rd tk igqapk] ogka isM+ Hkh T;knk mxk, x,A vkerkSj ij ;gh ns[kus dks feykA blh çdkj

ratkfu;k vkSj dsU;k esa fdyeatkjks vkSj es: dh ?kuh vkcknh okyh igkM+h <ykuksa ij] tathj] [kkMk]

phu vkSj Hkkjr rFkk tkok esa ;gh #[k fn[kkbZ fn;kA ;gka iwjh d`f"k Hkwfe dk 75 çfr'kr ?kjsyw cxhpksa

us ?ksjk gqvk gSA

17

dsU;k esa ljdkjh laLFkkvksa vkSj ntZuksa xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa us yksxksa dks isM+ mxkus ds fy, çsfjr

fd;kA blls dsU;k vizQhdk esa ,slk igyk ns'k cu x;k tgk¡ ltho gfj;kyh dks feVus ls cpk fy;k

x;kA ,d rktk vè;;u ds vuqlkj dsU;k ds 42 ftyksa esa ls 39 esa vc isM+ rFkk vU; ouLifr;ka

;kuh ck;ksekl mx jgk gSA dbZ ftyksa esa rks bruh gfj;kyh c<+ xbZ gS fd nkarks rys maxyh nckuh

iM+rh gSaA

bl rjg ds gjs&Hkjs ifjorZu ds ihNs ,d gh dkj.k gS % ?kjsyw cxhps ftuesa isM+ mxk, x, tks

fd vf/d mRiknd gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ukbthfj;k ds ?kuh vkcknh okys bykdksa esa yxk, x,

cgqeaftyk cxhpksa esa lkekU; [ksrh ds eqdkcys 5 ls 10 xquk T;knk equkiQk gqvkA

fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd nqfu;k dh d`f"k Hkwfe ds dsoy rhu çfr'kr {ks=kiQy esa iQynkj isM+

yxk, x, gSa] tcfd [kk|&mRiknu esa budk ;ksxnku ikap ls lkr çfr'kr gS vkSj d`f"k&mRiknu ls gksus

okyh jk"Vªh; vk; eas ckxckuh dk ;ksxnku 10 ls 35 çfr'kr gSA ;gka ;g ckr Hkh è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS

fd vHkh vf/drj O;kikfjd iQy mRiknu vis{kkd`r de iks"kd eku okys ysfdu O;kikfjd n`f"V ls

vf/d ykHkçn iQyksa ij dsfUær gS] tSls fd uhcw oxhZ; iQyksa ijA

tSls&tSls rhljh nqfu;k ds ns'kksa esa vkcknh c<+rh tk jgh gS vkSj 21oha lnh ds var rd dkiQh

c<+ tk;sxh] ;g vuqeku gS fd oSls&oSls d`f"kokfudh vkSj ckxckuh dk fodkl Hkh vf/d gksxkA

cfYd rhljh nqfu;k ds vf/drj ns'kksa esa o`{k[ksrh ls gh vf/drj d`f"k&mRiknu gksus yxsxkA

ckjkuh vkSj lw[ks bykds % tgka Hkw[k eaMjkrh gS

ftu bykdksa esa o"kkZ dk dksbZ Hkjkslk ugha gS fd dc gks] fdruh gks] ogka vkcknh dk xjhc

rcdk [kk|&mRiknu esa gh [kVrk jgrk gSA bu bykdksa ds fy, o`{k[ksrh dk lcls vf/d egRo gS]

18

D;ksafd ,sls fodV lw[ks eas tc lHkh ckjkuh iQlysa lw[k tk,a] iQynkj isM+ksa ls fiQj Hkh mit fey

ldrh gSA

vxj vfr 'kq"d] 'kq"d] v/Z'kq"d vkSj de ueh okyh lHkh rjg dh tehusa tksM+ yh tk,a rks

iwjh nqfu;k esa dqy feykdj 6-1 vjc gSDVj tehu 'kq"d Hkwfe ekuh tk,xhA bu bykdksa dks 7 vjc

ds djhc vkcknh rks vHkh gh tSls&rSls xqtkjk dj jgh gS vkSj Hkfo"; esa vkSj Hkh T;knk yksxksa dk cks>

bUgha tehuksa dk lguk gksxkA bu lw[kh txgksa esa mxus okys isM+&ikS/ksa dks lq/kj dj mudh mUur

fdLesa fodflr djus dh fn'kk esa ikS/ çtudksa us mrus ç;kl ugha fd,] ftrus djus pkfg, FksA

blfy, ;gka ds fuoklh viuh tkuh&igpkuh iqjkuh fdLeksa vkSj ,slh iQlyksa dks gh mxkus dh dksf'k'k

esa yxs jgrs gSa] tks ftank jgus vkSj iSnkokj nsus ds fy, dkiQh ikuh pkgrh gSaA bl rjg iQlysa mxkuk

cM+s tksf[ke dk dke gks tkrk gS % lw[ks ds fnuksa esa gks ldrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh iQly iSnk u gksA

blhfy, varjkZ"Vªh; [kk| lgk;rk dk 90 çfr'kr bUgha 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa esa [ki tkrk gSA

bu leL;kvksa dk ,d lcls egRoiw.kZ lek/ku ;g gks ldrk gS fd bu 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa esa mxus

okys taxyh iQy vkSj esok okys isM+ksa dh o`{k[ksrh 'kq: dj nh tk,A

cgqr lw[kh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa rks iQynkj isM+ mxkuk d`f"k&çkS|ksfxdh dk ,d ek=k vax gS] tks ;gka

ds fy, loksZÙke gSA tks tehusa lkekU; [ksrh ds yk;d ugha gSa] ogka Hkh [kk|&mRiknd isM+ cM+h

vklkuh ls mxk, tk ldrs gSaA ;gh ugha] ;s vUunkrk isM+ 'kq"dHkwfe ij mxkbZ tkus okyh fdlh Hkh

lkekU; iQly dh rqyuk esa mlls dgha vf/d çksVhu] fpdukbZ vkSj dkcksZgkbMªsV çfr gSDVj iSnk dj

ldrs gSaA

budh tM+sa xgjh tkrh gSa blfy, ;s okf"kZd iQlyksa ds eqdkcys ueh vkSj iks"kd rRoksa dk

mi;ksx djus esa Hkh vf/d l{ke gSA lw[ks bykdksa esa gh iuius okys cgqr ls iQynkj isM+ lcls [kjkc

lw[kk iM+us ij Hkh iQy iSnk djrs gSaA mudk fodkl gh blh rjg dk gqvk gSA lgh <ax ls ns[kHkky

19

djus ij rks ;s isM+ feV~Vh ds Åij çR;{k :i ls [kqn Hkh vkSj viuh 'kk[kk&ç'kk[kkvksa vkSj ifÙk;ksa

dh fcNkou ds :i esa Hkh feV~Vh ij gfj;kyh cuk, jgrs gSa tks fd LFkk;h gksrh gSA

;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd nqfu;k ds T;knk lw[ks bykdksa esa vPNh rjg mxkus yk;d isM+

vizQhdk ls ykdj mxk, tk,aA gkykafd bl le; tks Hkh iQy ;k esok okys isM+ mxk, tk jgs gSa]

muesa ls dksbZ Hkh] pkgs og xje bykds dk gks ;k de xjeh okys bykds dk] vizQhdk ls ugha

fudykA ckxckuh okys vf/drj iQy&o`{k xje bykdksa esa os mxk, tk jgs gSa] ftudk tUe nf{k.k

vejhdk] ,f'k;k] eè;iwoZ] vkslfu;k ;k vkLVªsfy;k esa gqvk gSA bruk è;ku vizQhdk ds iQynkj isM+ksa

ij dHkh ugha fn;k x;k vkSj mudk bl rjg çtuu gh ugha fd;k x;k fd os egRoiw.kZ iQyo`{k dk

ntkZ ik ldsaA

blhfy, bl rjg ds tks Hkh isM+ vizQhdk esa feys gSa] os ogka taxyh mx jgs gSaA buesa iQy

vDlj NksVs gksrs gSa] ftuesa [kkus yk;d fgLlk ;kuh xwnk de gksrk gS vkSj v[kk| Hkkx vFkkZr xqByh

T;knk gksrh gSA xwnk Hkh mruk vkneh ds [kkus ;ksX; ugha gksrk] ftrus fd vke iQy vkSj esos gksrs gSaA

;k rks vizQhdh taxyh iQyksa esa v[kk| cht Hkjs jgrs gSa ;k fiQj cM+k eksVk fNydk gksrk gS] ftls

[kk;k ugha tk ldrkA ysfdu vkxs pydj bUgha dk lq/kj fd;k tk;sxk rks vizQhdk gh ,sls lcls

vf/d vUu&mRiknd isM+ ns ldsxk] tks vR;ar çfrdwy vkSj dfBu lw[kh n'kkvksa esa Hkh mxk, tk

ldsaxsA

vizQhdk dh ,d [kwch ;g gS fd ;g nqfu;k dk lcls xje bykdk gS vkSj nwljs vkLVªsfy;k

ds ckn lcls lw[kk bykdk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd [kk|&mRiknd isM+ksa dk taxyh [ktkuk oSlk dgha

vkSj ugha gS tks cgqr lw[ks bykds esa Hkh iQys&iQwysA vHkh rd vkneh us cl nks gh jsfxLrkuh iQyo`{kksa

dks ckxckuh esa <kyk gS vkSj os gSa [ktwj (iQhfuDl MsDVkyhiQsjk) vkSj csj (fttkbiQl vkWfjfVvkuk)A

20

'kq"d Hkwfe ds o`{kksa ij blfy, Hkh è;ku ugha fn;k x;k D;ksafd nqfu;k dh cgqr de vkcknh

bu bykdksa esa clh gqbZ gSA ysfdu vc gkyr cny jgh gS vkSj ;gka Hkh c<+rh vkcknh dk ncko

eglwl gksus yxk gSA

vizQhdk ds vusd iQynkj isM+ lw[ks ds lky Hkh [kwc iQy iSnk djrs gSaA vkSj ;s isM+ çfr o"kZ

dqN lSdM+k feyhehVj o"kkZ ds ckotwn Hkh cM+h ek=kk esa ekuo&vkgkj eqgS;k djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds

fy, ,d eksaxksaxks (fjlhuks MS.Mªksu) o`{k cM+k gksus ij gj lky 200 ls 600 fdyksxzke iQy çfr o"kZ

iSnk djus yxrk gSA

blds iQy ds xwns dk iks"kd eku ogh gS tks eDdk ds nkuksa dk gksrk gS vkSj xwns ds vanj dh

xqByh rks vkSj Hkh vf/d iks"kd gksrh gSA mlh rjg ,d vkSj vizQhdh iQynkj isM+ gS ek#yk

(LdysjksdSfj;k dkiQjk) tks çfr o`{k 600&700 fdyksxzke iQy vkSj xqByh iSnk djrk gSA tgka gj lky

300&400 feyhehVj o"kkZ gksrh gks] ogka ek#yk ds 50&60 cM+s isM+ çfr gSDVj mxk, tk ldrs gSaA

bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ek#yk vkSj eksaxksxks o`{k ,sls ckjkuh bykdksa esa Hkh cM+h ek=kk esa

[kk| mRiknu dj ldrs gSa] tgka Tokj&cktjk dh lw[kkjks/h fdLesa Hkh çfr gSDVj vkSlru dqN lSdM+k

fdyksxzke vukt gh iSnk dj ikrh gaSA bu vkadM+ksa esa ge mu o"kksZa dks Hkh tksM+ nsa] tc fdlku dks

lw[ks ds dkj.k [ksr [kkyh NksM+us iM+rs gSa rks ckjkuh bykdksa esa lkekU; iQlyksa dh iSnkokj dk vkSly

vkSj Hkh uhps yq<+d tkrk gSA

cksRLokuk esa lkekU; [ksrh djus ls feV~Vh dh moZjk'kfDr dk cM+h rsth ls gzkl gksrk gSA pan

lkyksa rd [ksrh djus ds ckn gh tehu dks 10&20 lkyksa rd [kkyh NksM+uk iM+rk gSA nwljh vksj isM+

lky&nj&lky yxkrkj mxk, tk ldrs gSaA ,d Hkh lky [kkyh j[kus dh t:jr ughaA budh otg ls

feV~Vh dk dVko Hkh #drk gS vkSj uhps fcNh ifÙk;ka vkSj Vgfu;ka feV~Vh esa ueh dks cpkdj j[krh

21

gSA isM+ mxkus ls fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ Hkh de gh djuh iM+rh gSA blds lkFk gh isM+ksa dh xgjh tM+sa] iks"kd

rRoksa dk feV~Vh dh fupyh ijrksa esa fjl tkuk jksdrh gSaA

vizQhdk ds xje vkSj lw[ks ekSle esa dqnjr us ,sls isM+ iuik, ftuds iQy cM+s l[r daVhys

fNyds okys gksrs gSa (tSls fd ckvksckc vkSj taxyh larjs ;k fLVªDuksl ds iQy)A ;g ,d rjg ls

,slk gh tSls fd dqnjr us [kqn gh iQyksa ds jl dh fMCckcanh dj nh gksA bl le; ftu iQyksa dh

ckxckuh dh tk jgh gS] muds eqdkoys T;knkrj vizQhdh iQy vf/d le; rd fVdkÅ jgrs gSaA

mnkgj.k ds fy, ^eadh vksjsat* (fLVªDuksl dksdqyhbMht) ds iQy rhu eghus rd j[ks tk ldrs gSaA ;s

iQy ykus&ys tkus vkSj mBk/jh esa Hkh tYnh [kjkc ugha gksrsA blfy, mu xzkeh.k bykdksa ds fy, ;s

fo'ks"k :i ls mi;qDr gS] tgka iQyksa dh iSnkokj dk ,d fgLlk cspus ds fy, 'kgjksa dh eafM;ksa esa

Hkstk tkrk gSA

vusd vizQhdh iQyksa ÅtkZeku cgqr T;knk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ckvksckc ds 100 xzke iQyksa

ls 1300 kJ ÅtkZ feyrh gSA ;g voksdkMks iQy ls feyus okyh ÅtkZ ls yxHkx nqxuh gS] tcfd

voksdkMks cgqr iks"kd iQy ekuk tkrk gSA

vizQhdk dh fofHkUu iQy o`{k çtkfr;ka o"kZ ds fHkUu le; esa iQy iSnk djrh gSaA buesa ls

dqN iQy o`{k rks ,sls le; esa iQy nsrs gSa] tc çpfyr iQy o`{kksa esa ls dksbZ iQy ugha nsrkA blfy,

budks dqle; esa iQy nsus ds fy, mxk;k tk ldrk gSA

iQy vkSj esos okys dqN vizQhdh isM+ [kkus ds iks"kd rsy ds fy, Hkh mxk, tk ldrs gSaA ;g

rsy vizQhdk vkSj vU; egk}hiksa esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;wjksi] mÙkjh vejhdk vkSj

vizQhdk esa Hkh T;knkrj [kkus ds rsy] LokLF; ds fy, Bhd ugha gSa vkSj fny dh chekfj;ka iSnk djrs

gSaA ysfdu vksfyd ,flM ls Hkjiwj vksfyo vkWby ;kuh tSrwu dk rsy [kk,a rks fny dks rkdr feyrh

gSA Hkweè;lkxjh; {ks=k esa ân; fodkjksa ls e`R;q dh nj ;wjksi dh rqyuk esa cgqr de gS] ftldk eq[;

22

dkj.k ;gh gS fd ;gka tSrwu ds rsy dh vf/d [kir gksrh gSA lS¼kafrd :i ls vxj tSrwu dk rsy

vf/d bLrseky djsa rks ;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vejhdk ds yksx Hkh fny dh chekfj;ksa ls gksus okyh ekSrksa esa

gj lky yk[kksa dh deh dj ldrs gSaA

ysfdu vHkh [kkus ds nwljs rsyksa ls ;g dkiQh eagxk gSA blhfy, Hkweè;lkxjh; ns'kksa ls ckgj

bls mruh ek=kk esa ugha [kk;k tkrk vkSj ;g vU; ns'kks esa [kkus dk eq[; rsy ugha cu ik;kA

ysfdu vizQhdk ds ek:yk o`{k ds iQy ds rsy esa Hkh 70 çfr'kr vksfyd ,flM gksrh gSA bl

rjg Hkweè;lkxjh; {ks=k dh rqyuk esa vizQhdk esa cgqr lLrs esa vf/d iks"kd [kkus dk rsy iSnk fd;k

tk ldrk gSA blls vizQhdk] vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa jk"Vªh; LokLF; ij vPNk vlj iM+sxk vkSj

vizQhdk vf/d fons'kh eqæk Hkh dek ldsxkA

bl le; vizQhdk] ,f'k;kbZ vkSj nf{k.k vesfjdh ckjkuh bykdksa esa vkcknh 100 djksM+ ds

djhc gS] ysfdu lu~ 2050 rd mUgsa blls cgqr T;knk vkcknh dk isV Hkjuk gksxkA lw[ks bykdksa esa

rc [kk|&mRiknd isM+ gh dke vk,axs vkSj fo'o ds 'kq"d {ks=kksa dh d`f"k ç.kkfy;ksa dk vfHkUu vax

cusaxsA

blfy, ;fn ge u, iQynkj o`{kksa dh dqN ,slh fdLesa NkaV ldsa tks 'kq"d {ks=kksa esa mxkbZ tk

ldsa vkSj mudh lq/jh fdLeksa dk çtuu djds ckxksa esa mxkus dh rduhdsa iDdh dj nsa rks gks ldrk

gS fd vizQhdk] ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k vejhdk ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa budks viuk fy;k tk,A

vke vizQhdk dk ns'kt isM+ ugh gS ysfdu Lokfn"V vkSj jlhyk gksus ds dkj.k iwjs vizQhdk

egk}hi esa vke ds isM+ iQSy x, gSa vkSj vkeksa ds cM+s&cM+s ckx Hkh ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA cfYd dbZ

txg vkeksa ds ckxksa ds fy, txg cukus ds fy, nwljs isM+ dkVs x, vkSj ehy&nj&ehy vkidks vkeksa

ds isM+ gh isM+ ;gka utj vk,axsA blh rjg dsyk vkSj iihrk Hkh vizQhdk esa [kwc mxk, tk jgs gSaA

23

yxHkx gj xkao esa bu ikSf"Vd iQyksa ds ikS/s mxrs fey tk,axs vkSj tgka Hkh budks mxkuk laHko gS

vizQhdh fdlku budks mxk jgs gSaA

dqN&dqN blh rjg dk çlkj u, iQynkj o`{kksa vkSj esok okys isM+ksa dk Hkh gks ldrk gSA vkeksa

ds isM+ iQSyus esa rks lfn;ka yxh gSaA vc bl rjg dk foLrkj rsth ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA u, isM+ksa

dks mxkus dk çpkj djus esa ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ds vykok lSdM+ks&gtkjksa LoSfPNd laLFkk,a vkSj okfudh

foHkkxksa dh foLrkj lsok,a Hkkjh ;ksx ns ldrh gSaA

ysfdu vf/drj yksx dsoy iQy vkSj esok ij fuokZg djus ls drjkrs gSaA vf/drj yksx jksVh

vkSj nfy;k tSlk Hkh vkgkj xzg.k djuk pkgrs gSaA blfy, gesa 'kq"d {ks=kksa ds fy, ,sls isM+ NkaVus gksaxs

tks ,sls iQy&esos iSnk djsa ftUgsa dwV&ihldj vkVs dh 'kDy nh tk ldsA

o"kkZou dk bykdk

vR;ar ueh okys m".kdfVoa/h; o"kkZouksa esa feV~Vh dh lcls Åijh ijr esa vly esa 'kk;n gh

dksbZ iks"kd rRo gksrs gksaA vf/drj iks"kd rRo o"kkZ ty ds lkFk fjldj uhps dh xgjkbZ okyh ijrksa

esa pys tkrs gSaA tks Hkh iks"kdrRo lqyHk gksrs gSa] os ouLifr ds dke vk tkrs gSa vkSj isM+ mudk

cjkcj iqupZØ.k djrs jgrs gSaA vxj isM+ksa dh txg dsoy okf"kZd iQlyksa dh [ksrh gh dh xbZ ;k

pjkxkg cuk fn, x, rks buesa ls vf/drj iks"kd rRo FkksM+s gh le; esa xk;c gks tk,axsA

pjkxkg cukus ds fy, tehu fudkyus ds fy, vDlj ogka mit jgs >kM+&>a[kkM+ tyk fn,

tkrs gSa vkSj isM+ dkV fn, tkrs gSa bl rjg tks vLFkk;h moZjrk feyrh gS] og ,d&nks lky esa gh

u"V gks tkrh gSA blds ckn ml tehu ij [kjirokj dCtk dj ysrs gSa] ftuesa ls vf/drj tkuojksa

ds fy, tgjhys gksrs gSaA buls Hkh cpus dk ,d gh mik; gS fd bUgsa tyk fn;k tk,] ysfdu ckj&ckj

tykus ls Hkh feV~Vh dh moZjrk vkSj Hkh de gks tkrh gSA rhu ls ikap lkyksa esa ;g tehu NksM+dj

24

dgha vkSj tkuk iM+rk gS vkSj ;g tehu dbZ o"kksZa rd [kkyh j[kuh gksrh gSA vf/drj isM+ dkV fn,

tkus ls vkSj iks"kd rRoksa ds uhps dh ijrksa esa fjl tkus ls moZjrk dk ,d [kklk cM+k fgLlk

ges'kk&ges'kk ds fy, fNu tkrk gSA bl rjg tc tehu [kkyh NksM+h gksrh gS rks ml ij mxs isM+ Hkh

fiQj bu iks"kd rRoksa dks okil ugha yk ikrsA blh rjg dkVks vkSj tykvks okyh >we[ksrh Hkh feV~Vh

dks cjckn djrh gS] D;ksafd vc mlh txg ij vkfnoklh [ksrh ds fy, tYnh ykSV vkrs gSa vkSj

feV~Vh dks dqnjrh rkSj ij fiQj ls mitkÅ cuus vkSj ouLifr;ksa dks mxkus dk ekSdk ugha feyrkA

bldk fodYi Hkh ;gh gS fd lnkcgkj iQlyksa ;kuh o`{kksa rFkk okf"kZd iQlyksa dh feyh&tqyh

[ksrh dh tk,A

tehu esa çfr gSDVj dkiQh la[;k esa isM+ mxk, tk jgs gSa rks iks"kd rRo feV~Vh dh ijrksa esa

xgjkbZ esa ugha tk,axsA bldh ctk; isM+ksa dh tM+ksa dh vla[; NksVh&NksVh 'kk[kk,a feV~Vh&ikuh dks

jksddj d`f"k&ç.kkyh esa okil ys tk;saxhaA

tc rd o"kkZou ds ikfjra=k esa mldk okLrfod vk/kj] ;kuh iks"kd rRoksa dk rhozrk ls

iqupZØ.k gksuk] cuk jgrk gS] rc rd o"kkZouksa dh Hkwfe ij LFkk;h :i ls iQlysa mxkbZ tk ldrh gSa]

gtkjksa lky rdA lS¼kafrd rkSj ij rks bl çdkj dh d`f"k ç.kkyh vkSj Hkh vf/d le; rd fujarj

py ldrh gS vkSj laHkor% yk[kksa&djksM+ksa o"kZ ls pyrh vk jgh gSA

vxj o"kkZouksa esa vk/qfud <ax ls [ksrh dh xbZ ;k mUgsa isM+ dkVdj tehu dks pjkxkg esa

cny fn;k x;k rks o"kkZouksa dh tehu nqfu;k dh lcls detksj vuqRikyd Hkwfe esa ifjofrZr gks

tk,xhA ijarq tc buesa LFkk;h o`{kkoyh cuh jgrh gS vkSj cgqeaftyk [ksrh dh tkrh gS] rks bu tehuksa

dh mitkÅ 'kfDr dk D;k dgukA xehZ vkSj ueh feydj ,slk tkSgj fn[kkrh gSa fd cl ns[krs jg

tkb,A m".kdfVca/ ds o"kkZouksa dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr gh ,slh gS fd muesa ges'kk vPNh o"kkZ gksrh jgrh

gS] ysfdu dgha&dgha rks isM+ksa dh ekStwnxh ls o"kkZ nqxuh gh ugha dbZ xquh c<+ tkrh gSA o"kkZouksa esa

25

isM+ksa ls <sj lkjk ikuh Hkki cudj mM+ tkrk gSA blds lkFk gh os ,;jkslksy ;kuh ikuh ds csgn ckjhd

d.k iSnk djrs gSa] tks taxy ds Åij cM+h rsth ls ckny cukrs gSaA 'kks/drkZvksa us irk yxk;k gS fd

dqN o"kkZouksa esa o"kkZ ds 75 çfr'kr rd ikuh dks fiQj ls ok;qeaMy esa ykSVk nsus dh {kerk gksrh gSA

bl rjg o"kkZouksa dk iks"kd rRoksa vkSj ikuh dks cgqr rsth ls vkSj cgqr gh dkjxj <ax ls iqupZfØr

djuk tSo&mRiknu dh xfr vkSj ek=kk dks cgqr c<+k nsrk gSA

,d losZ{k.k ls irk pyk fd iukek ds çkd`frd o"kkZouksa ls çfr gSDVj çfr o"kZ 40 Vu rktk

iQy iSnk gksrs gSa (ftudk futZy&Hkkj vkB Vu vkadk x;k gS)A ;g cgqr cM+h mRikndrk gS] D;ksafd

vkf[kjdkj o"kkZ ouksa esa lHkh isM+ rks iQy iSnk ugha djrsA

e; lH;rk ds ckjs esa crk;k tkrk gS fd tc og f'k[kj ij Fkh rks ogka ?kuh vkcknh okys

bykdksa esa çfroxZ fdyksehVj o"kkZou esa 700 ls 1150 yksxksa dk xqtkjk gks jgk FkkA Dykbo iksafVax ds

vuqlkj] ^^frdky ds ckgjh bykdksa esa [kqnkbZ ls irk pyrk gS fd tc vkcknh vius f'k[kj ij igqaph

rks ogka 30]000 vkSj laHkor% 50]000 rd yksx jgrs FksA ;kuh eslksiksVkfe;k ds fo'kky uxjkas ds

cjkcjA e; lH;rk ds nwljs uxj brus cM+s rks ugha Fks] ysfdu os Hkh 'kgjh cfLr;ksa esa ,slh gh ?kuh

vkcknh dks çJ; ns jgs Fks vkSj vius pje mRd"kZ ds le; e; lH;rk esa 50 yk[k ds djhc

tula[;k jgh gksxhA tcfd mlh txg esa vkt eqf'dy ls dqN gtkj yksx gh xqtkjk dj ik jgs gSaA**

çkphu e; lH;rk dh gh larkus gSa ^ydanu e; bafM;u* dchys ds vkfnoklhA os vkt Hkh

brus lkns rjhds dh ftanxh thrs gSa fd mUgsa ns[kdj vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd iqjkus tekus esa

bruh ?kuh vkcknh fdl rjg cl xbZ gksxhA

;s ydanu yksx taxy ds vanj NksVh&NksVh txg lkiQ djrs gSaA ;g txg ,d gSDVj ls FkksM+h

gh de ;k T;knk gksrh gksxhA isM+ dkVrs gSa vkSj mUgsa Vgfu;ksa lfgr ;ksa gh tehu ij iM+k jgus nsrs gSaA

blls ,d rks ikuh #dk jgrk gS vkSj fjl dj xgjkbZ esa ugha lek tkrk vkSj nwljs lHkh iks"kdrRo Hkh

26

ogha cus jgrs gSaA ;kuh feV~Vh dk dVko ugha gksrk] tks fd isM+ksa vkSj gfj;kyh dks gVk nsus ij uaxh

tehu esa vDlj gks tkrk gSA vc os ;gka ij rsth ls c<+us okys dsys vkSj iihrs ds ikS/s jksi nsrs gSa]

rkfd ueh vkSj feV~Vh dk iQkSju mi;ksx 'kq: gks tk,A blds lkFk gh nwljs iQynkj isM+ Hkh jksi fn,

tkrs gSa] tSls fd ve:n] vywps] 'kjhiQk] vuUukl] dkdkvks] vokdkMks vkSj uhcwoxhZ; iQyksa ds o`{kA

bl rjg taxy lkiQ djds fudkyh xbZ tehu esa dqN gh le; esa iQynkj o`{kksa dh okfVdk [kM+h gks

tkrh gSA isM+ksa ds ruksa ls fyiVus okyh yrkvksa okys jrkyw tSlh danh; ikS/s yxkus ds lkFk gh os

eDdk] dlkok (Vsfivksdk)] 'kdjdan] /ku] xUuk vkSj nwljh iQlysa iQynkj isM+ksa ds chp&chp esa gh

cks nsrs gSaA

ydanu bl ckr dh [;ky j[krs gSa fd ,d gh rjg ds ikS/s vkSj mudh ogh fdLe vklikl

bdV~Bs u gks tk,a vkSj u lh/h drkjksa esa mxk, tk,aA ,d fdLe ds nwljs ikS/s] ml fdLe ls rhu

ehVj ds Hkhrj bdV~Bs ugha mxk;s tkrsA blls vutkus esa gh os [kkl fdLe ij yxus okyh chekfj;ksa

vkSj dhM+ksa dks ml iQly esa T;knk iQSyus ls jksd ysrs gSaA lkFk gh feV~Vh ds iks"kdrRoksa dk Hkh vPNk

mi;ksx gks tkrk gSA

nwljh vksj if'peh vk/qfud rjhds ls [ksrh dh tk,] rks ikS/ksa ds chp [kjirokj u iuisa]

blds fy, cM+h esgur djuh iM+rh gSA ydanu yksxksa dh d`f"k ç.kkyh esa vyx&vyx rjg ds ikS/s

brus ?kus mxk, tkrs gSa fd [kjirokjksa dks flj mBkus dk ekSdk gh ugha feyrkA gj oxZ bap esa dksbZ u

dksbZ ikS/k mx jgk gksrk gSA gkykafd [kjirokj fudkyus ds fy, fiQj Hkh fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ dh t:jr

iM+rh gS] exj cgqr deA

mlh txg os ,d ckj esa rhu ls lkr lky rd o`{k[ksrh djrs jgrs gSaA blds ckn [kjirokjksa

dh leL;k fodV :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA blfy, tehu dks vxys ikap lkyksa ;k vf/d le; rd

[kkyh NksM+ nsrs gSaA blds ckn os ;gha ykSVdj vkrs gSa vkSj tehu ij mxs >kM+&>a[kkM+ [ksrh ds fy,

27

lkiQ djrs gSaA ysfdu tc tehu [kkyh NksM+h gksrh gS] ml le; Hkh tks iQynkj isM+ yxk j[ks Fks] os

rks [kkus ds fy, cjkcj iQy nsrs gh jgrs gSaA

ydanu vkfnoklh dk ;g ^>we [ksr* mudh Hkk"kk esa ^feYik* dgk tkrk gS vkSj mldk vkdkj

vkSlru 0-4 gSDVj gksrk gSA brus ls [ksr ls gh og <kbZ Vu ds djhc eDdk vkSj yxHkx brus gh

o`{k[ksrh ls çkIr dan&ewy&iQy lky Hkj esa iSnk dj ysrk gSA mlh tehu ls pkjk iSnk djds og

i'kqikyu Hkh djrk gS vkSj çfr gSDVj lky Hkj esa 10 ls 50 fdyksxzke rd ekal iSnk dj ysrk gSA

bl rjg ydanu d`f"k ç.kkyh ls eksVs rkSj ij ;g irk py tkrk gS fd o"kkZou dh tehuksa ij

o`{k[ksrh djds D;k dqN ik;k tk ldrk gSA

ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd ydanu ç.kkyh dksbZ vkn'kZ rjhdk gSA blls Hkh vf/d

iSnkokj nsus okyh vkn'kZ cgqeaftyk o`{k[ksrh ç.kkfy;ka fodflr dh tk ldrh gSA e; lH;rk ls tqM+s

ydanu vkfnoklh viuh ^feYik* >we[ksrh esa vis{kkd`r NksVs&NksVs iQyo`{k mxkrs gSa vkSj vusd vf/d

iQy&mRiknd cM+s o`{kksa ds ckjs esa mUgsa tkudkjh ugha gS] tSls fd ihpike baxk] czSMizQwV] dVgy vkSj

Iyk.VsuA

lh-vkj- Dyhes.V vkSj ,p foykf'k;k ds vuqlkj vestu ds taxyksa esa mxus okys ihp ike

çfr o"kZ 30 Vu rd iQy çfr gSDVj nsrs gSaA bldk eryc ;g gS fd çksVhu vkSj dSyksjh ds fy,

i'kqvksa ds ekal ij fuHkZj jgus dh rqyuk esa mlh tehu ls 250 ls 500 xquk çksVhu vkSj dSyksjh çkIr

dh tk ldrh gSA vkSj ;g rqyuk rks vYidkfyd gSA nh?kZdky esa rks tehu dks i'kqikyu ds fy,

pjkxkg ds :i esa dsoy ikap ls lkr o"kZ rd gh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA mlds ckn og tehu

[kkyh NksM+uh iM+sxhA tcfd mlh tehu esa iQynkj isM+ lky&nj&lky fujarj mxrs vkSj iQyrs jgsaxsA

28

mlh tehu ls o"kkZou esa iQyhnkj isM+ yxkdj lky Hkj esa [kkus ;ksX; iQfy;ka igkM+h tehuksa

dh rqyuk esa dgha T;knk iSnk dh tk ldrh gSA ,d gSDVj o"kkZou ls 100 Vu ;k blls Hkh T;knk

iQfy;ka iSnk dh tk ldrh gSA

xeZ ns'kksa dh ue Hkwfe;ka

xeZ ns'kksa dh m".kdfVca/h; tyok;q esa iui jgh ue vkSj nynyh tehuksa ls ikuh [khapdj

[ksrh djuk 'kq: djus ij dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRltZu çfr gSDVj 30 Vu çfr o"kZ rd c<+ tkrk

gSA ikuh ds Hkjko okyh tehuksa esa mxkus tkus ;ksX; iQlysa mxkdj bl leL;k ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA

iQlysa ,slh pqusa] ftuds fy, bu ueHkwfe;ksa dk ikuh fudkyuk u iM+sA bl rjg dk ,d ikS/k gS

lkxksike] ftls çkd`frd ;k vçkd`frd gj rjg dh ue vkSj nynyh tehu esa mxk;k tk ldrk gSA

flapkbZ ds xyr rjhdksa ls ikuh Åij vkus ds lkFk yo.k Åij vk tkus ls [kjkc gqbZ jsghyh tehu esa

Hkh lkxksike mxk;k tk ldrk gSA

ns[kk x;k gS fd baMksusfl;k dh ue vkSj nynyh tehuksa esa muds pkjksa vksj ds o"kkZou ls 100

xquk T;knk dkcZu lks[k fy;k tkrk gSA tc ,slh xhyh tehu dks [ksrh ds fy, lq[kk gSa rks mlds vanj

ejh lkexzh ls Hkkjh ek=kk esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM xSl fudydj gok esa fey tkrh gSA

baMksusfl;k esa fd, x, ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj xeZ ue Hkwfe;ksa dks [ksrh ds fy, lq[kkus ij

çfro"kZ muls 30 Vu ds djhc dkcZu çfr gSDVj fudy dj gok esa fey tkrk gSA ;g dkiQh le;

rd pyrk jgrk gS] D;ksafd bu ihVHkwfe;ksa dk dhpM+uqek ihV ijr&nj&ijr u"V gksrk gSA njvly

ihV dks;yk cuus ls igys dh voLFkk gksrh gSA

29

fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd m".kdfVca/h; ns'kksa esa yxHkx 15 djksM+ gSDVj ifjHkwfe;ka gSaA vxj

mudk vf/dka'k [ksrh ds fy, lq[kk;k x;k] rks xzhugkml xSlksa dh ek=kk c<+kus esa budk cgqr cM+k

;ksxnku gksxkA

ihVHkwfe;ksa ls ikuh fudky nsus ls dqN LFkkuksa esa vkSj Hkh leL;k,a iSnk gks ldrh gSaA

ihVHkwfe;ka vkSj nwljh rjg dh ueHkwfe;ka çk;% Hkwty ds fiQj ls Hkjko esa Hkh dkiQh enn djrh gSaA

vxj bUgsa lq[kk fn;k x;k] rks Hkwty dk Lrj vkSj Hkh uhps pyk tk,xkA dqN bykdksa esa rks ihVHkwfe;ka

ikuh ds cgko dks /hek djds mls /hjs&/hjs ufn;ksa esa NksM+rh gSaA bl rjg lw[ks ekSle esa bLrseky ds

fy, dkiQh ikuh cpk ysrh gSA ihVHkwfe;ksa vkSj vU; ueHkwfe;ksa ds fcuk dbZ bykdksa esa ufn;ksa esa ikuh

dk cgko dkiQh ?kV tk,xkA

ihVHkwfe;ksa rFkk vU; ueHkwfe;ksa ds lgh bLrseky dk ,d rjhdk ;g gks ldrk gS fd muesa os

gh ikS/s mxk, tk,a tks muesa dqnjrh rkSj ij mxrs gq, ik, x, gSaA blds fy, mudk ikuh fudkyus

dh t:jr ugha gSA blds fy, dbZ txgksa ij rks cl [ksrh vkSj çca/u dh mi;qDr fof/;ak gh

viukuh iM+saxha vkSj lkxks rFkk uhik tSls ikS/ksa dk lgh bLrseky djuk Hkh lh[kuk&fl[kkuk gksxkA tgka

ihVHkwfe;kas dks d`f"kHkwfe;ksa esa cnyus ds fy, T;knk ncko Mkyk tk jgk gks] ogka buesa ike o`{kksa dk

taxy mxk;k tk ldrk gSA

bl rjg ds Hkwfe&mi;ksx ls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh vfrfjDr ek=kk dk mRltZu ugha gksxkA

cfYd blds foijhr vxj [ksrh vkSj çca/u ds lgh rjhds viuk, tk,a rks bu ueihV Hkwfe;ksa esa lky

Hkj esa tek gksus okys dkcZu dh ek=kk dbZ xquh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA blds vykok bu ueihV Hkwfe;ksa

esa mxk, x, ikeo`{kksa ls ikWoj vydksgy ;k xSlksgksy cukdj iQkWfly bZa/u (isVªksy] Mhty oxSjg)

dh cpr dh tk ldrh gSA blds vykok ikeo`{kksa ds ifÙk;ksa] Vgfu;ksa vkSj iQyksa ds fNyds ls

pkjdksy Hkh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

30

,d vkSj iQk;nk ;g gksxk fd [kklrkSj ls ueHkwfe;ksa esa gh iyus okys taxyh i{kh vkSj

Lru/kjh çk.kh Hkh lqjf{kr cps jgsaxsA bu xhyh tehuksa ij ikeouksa esa taxyh i'kqvksa ds Nqius dh dkiQh

xqatkb'k jgrh gSA lkFk gh bu tehuksa dks lq[kkus ls gksus okyh Hkwty lalk/uksa dh gkfu ;k lw[ks ekSle

eas ufn;ksa esa ikuh dh deh tSls uqdlku ls Hkh cpk tk ldsxkA ihVHkwfe;ksa ds vykok Hkh dbZ çdkj

dh m".kdfVca/h; ueHkwfe;ka gksrh gSaA buesa ls leqærV ds vklikl eSaxzkso o`{kksa ds lkFk ik, tkus

okyh nynyh ueHkwfe;ka fo'ks"k :i ls è;ku nsus ;ksX; gSaA ;gka ij uhik ike dqnjrh rkSj ij mxrs ik,

tkrs gSaA nqfu;k esa eSaxzkso o`{kksa ds ikfjra=k ij lcls vf/d [krjk eaMjk jgk gS_ ysfdu fiQj Hkh vHkh

nqfu;k Hkj esa 240 yk[k gSDVj esa eSaxzkso&ou cps gq, gSaA ,d vkdyu ds vuqlkj laHkor% vizQhdk ds

55 çfr'kr vkSj ,f'k;k ds 58 çfr'kr eSaxzkso o`{k u"V gks pqds gSaA bldk mu ifjokjksa ij cM+k cqjk

vlj iM+k gS] ftudh thfodk eNyhikyu ij gh fuHkZj gSA

eSaxzkso&ouksa dh rckgh esa lcls cM+k gkFk jgk gS O;kikfjd >haxk ikyu dkA lu~ 1985&1994

ds nkSjku >haxk&ikyu esa pkSxquh o`f¼ gqbZ vkSj okf"kZd fu;kZr vejhdh 8 vjc Mkyj ds cjkcj gksus

yxkA ysfdu blds lkekftd vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd nq"çHkko cM+s fouk'kdkjh lkfcr gq,A

if'pe caxky esa vuqla/ku ls irk pyk gS fd ogka ikbZ tkus okyh 90 çfr'kr eNfy;ka vius

thou&pØ dh ,d ;k vf/d vof/ eSaxzkso&ouksa ds ikl ds nynyh ikuh esa xqtjrh gSaA cfYd ;g

Hkh lkfcr gqvk gS fd eNfy;ksa dh dqN uLysa rks eSaxzksoksa ds fcuk ftank gh ugha jg ldrhaA blh rjg

eSfDldks dh [kkM+h esa O;kikfjd n`f"V ls dherh 97 çfr'kr eNyh&çtkfr;ka rVorhZ ue Hkwfe;ksa esa gh

iuirh gSaA ;gka ij tc [kkjh nynyh Hkwfe;ka [kRe gksus yxha] rks [kkjs nyny ds fouk'k ls çfr gSDVj

<kbZ Vu eNfy;ka de idM+h tkus yxhaA ;gka dk rVorhZ [kkjk nyny nwljs xeZ eqYdksa ds

eSaxzksoh&nynyksa ds lerqY; gSA

31

FkkbkyS.M esa 1]00]000 gSDVj eSaxzksoh nyny ls isM+ dkVdj mlesa >haxk ikyuk 'kq: fd;k

x;kA blls dqnjrh rkSj ij eNfy;ka idM+us dh ek=kk esa 8]00]000 Vu dh deh gks xbZA >haxk m|ksx

ds lkeus tc ;g loky mBk;k x;k rks mudh nyhy Fkh fd mlh nyny ls 1]20]000 Vu >haxs Hkh

rks iSnk fd, x,A ;kuh igys ls T;knk equkiQk dek;k x;kA Hkys gh 8 yk[k Vu eNfy;kas dh rqyuk

esa 120]000 Vu >haxksa dh T;knk dher gks] ysfdu mldk iQk;nk rks >haxk&m|ksx dks gqvkA eNfy;ka

idM+dj thou&fuokZg djus okys NksVs eNqvkjksa dks D;k feyk \ >haxs ijHk{kh gSaA mUgsa ikyus ds fy,

eNfy;ksa ds ekal dh xksfy;ka cukdj Mkyuh gksrh gSaA 170 fdyksxzke >haxk iSnk djus ds fy, vkerkSj

ij ,d Vu eNyh&xksfy;ka [ki tkrh gSaA ;kuh >haxk&ikyus ds fy, lkiQ fd, x, çfr gSDVj eSaxzksoh

nyny ls lkr Vu eNfy;ksa dh gkfu gksrh gSA

vHkh ;g fouk'k&xkFkk iwjh ugha gqbZA eSaxzkso&ou rjg&rjg ls i;kZoj.k dks lq/kjrs gSaA eNfy;ksa

dh vla[; çkd`frd çtkfr;ka ;gha çtuu djrh gSaaA lkFk gh ;s isM+ ufn;ksa ds lkFk vkbZ xkn vkSj

feV~Vh dks jksd ysrs gSa vkSj tek djrs tkrs gSaA bl rjg rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa buds dkj.k dkykarj esa

vfrfjDr Hkwfe cu tkrh gSA eSaxzkso&ouksa ds fouk'k ls dVko c<+ tkrk gSA fcuk eSaxzksoksa ds tehuksa ds

cM+s&cM+s VqdM+s dV&dV dj ikuh esa <g tkrs gSa vkSj mudh feV~Vh leqæ esa cg tkrh gSaA

;gh ugha ewaxs dh pV~Vkuksa dks Hkh eSxzkso&ouksa ds u jgus ij Hkkjh [krjk iSnk gks tkrk gSA leqæ

dh eNfy;ksa ds fy, ewaxksa dh pV~Vkusa cM+h t:jh gSaA fiQfyihUl esa cSdwV [kkM+h esa ls tc eSaxzkso ds

taxy dkVs x, rks ogka ewxksa dh pV~Vkuksa ij igys ls 200 xquk T;knk xkn&feV~Vh tek gks xbZA tSls gh

isM+ dkVus 'kq: fd, x, fd igys lky esa gh ikap çfr'kr ewaxs ej x,A vly esa ewaxs leqæh çk.kh

gksrs gSa] ftudh nsg dSfY'k;e ds ;kSfxdksa dh cuh gksrh gSA ;g rks irk djuk eqf'dy gS fd eSxzksoh

cu dVus vkSj ewaxksa ij xkn tek gksus ls eNfy;ksa dh fdruh çtkfr;ka u"V gqbZa] ysfdu ;g uqdlku

cM+k Hkkjh jgk gksxk] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gSA fiQfyihUl ds gh eSjhu lkbal bULVhV~;wV ds eqrkfcd

32

rhljh nqfu;k dh 20 ls 25 çfr'kr idM+h tkus okyh eNfy;ka leqæksa dh ewaxk&'kSyksa ds vklikl gh

iuirh gSaA eSaxzkso&ou rVorhZ {ks=kksa dks m".kdfVca/k esa vkus okys leqæh rwiQkuksa vkSj pØokrksa ls Hkh

cpkrs gSaA

eysf'k;k esa fglkc yxk;k x;k fd eSaxzkso&ouksa dks gVkdj mudh txg iRFkjksa dh nhokj cukbZ

tk, rks çfr fdyksehVj 300]000 vejhdh Mkyj ;kuh yxHkx lk<+s rsjg djksM+ #i;s [kpZ djus iM+saxsA

>haxk&ikyu ds fy, NksVs&NksVs d`f=ke rkykc cuk, tkrs gSaA buesa >haxksa dh vkcknh tc T;knk

c<+ tkrh gS] rks leqæ dk [kkjh ikuh ykdj iEi djuk iM+rk gS] D;ksafd >haxs [kkjsikuh esa gh iyrs gSa

vkSj ftank jgrs gSaA vDlj ;g [kkjk ikuh bu rkykcksa ls fjldj ikl ds [ksrksa esa igqap tkrk gS vkSj

ogka yo.kh;rk iSnk djrk gSA ;g uhps Hkwty esa Hkh ços'k dj tkrk gS vkSj LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa ds

is;ty dks çnwf"kr dj nsrk gSA

vkxs pydj l?ku >haxk&ikyu xSj&fVdkÅ gks tkrk gSA ikap ls nl lky ckn gh

>haxk&ikydkssa ds lkeus Hkkjh dfBukb;ka iSnk gksus yxrh gSa vkSj vDlj mudks rkykc NksM+us iM+rs gSa

vkSj >haxk&ikyus ds dksbZ vkSj txg ryk'k djuh iM+rh gS] tgka vHkh çnw"k.k 'kq: ugha gqvk gksA

nqfu;k esa ijaijkxr :i ls eNyh idM+us vkSj ikyus okys eNqvkjksa dh la[;k Ms<+ djksM+ ls nks

djksM+ ds djhc gSA buds vykok cgqr&ls yksx eNfy;ka cspus vkSj eNyh iQSDVfj;ksa esa dke djds

xqtkjk djrs gSaA iwjs ifjokj dks 'kkfey dj ysa rks nqfu;k esa 15 ls 20 djksM+ yksxksa dh thfodk dk

vk/kj eNyh gSA ysfdu vxj O;kikjh yksx vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka blh rjg n[kyankth djrs jgs rks

tYnh gh ;s lHkh eNqvkjs csjkstxkj gks tk,axsA

eSaxzkso&ouksa dk lcls cM+k nq#i;ksx ;gh gS fd >haxs ikyus ds fy, mudks dkV fn;k tk,A

lcls vPNk ;g gksxk fd bu bykdksa esa eSaxzsko ds isM+ksa ds lkFk&lkFk uhik ike vkSj lkxks ike Hkh

mxk, tk,aA budk mi;ksx LVkpZ (ekaM+)] 'kdZjk vkSj [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djus ds fy, fd;k tk

33

ldrk gSA bl rjg ds lnqi;ksx ls bu eSaxzkso&ouksa dh tSo&fØ;kvksa ij fdlh rjg dh vkap ugha

vk;sxhA

Å¡ps ioZr vkSj mÙkjh {ks=k fo'o dk ioZrh; {ks=k 3 djksM+ oxZ fdyksehVj esa iQSyk gqvk gS vkSj mlesa yxHkx 60 djksM+

yksx jgrs gSaA

vxj lh<+hnkj [ksrh ugha viukbZ xbZ rks lh/h <ykuksa okyh igkfM+;ksa ls feV~Vh dh Åijh

mitkÅ ijr okf"kZd iQlyksa dh dVkbZ ds lkFk gh dqN le; esa gh cg tkrh gSA feV~Vh dh ftl

Åijh mitkÅ ijr dks cukus esa dqnjr dks gtkj lky yxs Fks] og Åij ls gjh pknj gVrs gh pan

lkyksa esa xk;c gks tkrh gSA rst o"kkZ rks bls iyd >idrs esa xk;c dj nsrh gSA

lh<+hnkj [ksrh ds vykok igkM+h <ykuksa ij feV~Vh jksdus vkSj gfj;kyh djus ds fy, o`{k[ksrh

viukbZ tk ldrh gS] ftlesa okf"kZd iQlyksa ds lkFk&lkFk isM+ vkSj >kfM+;ka mxkbZ tk,aA bu rh[kh

<ykuksa ij tgka feV~Vh dh gYdh&lh ijr Hkh ugha cph] ogka Hkh isM+ mxk;s tk ldrs gSa vkSj os [kwc

iQyrs&iQwyrs gSaA pV~Vkuksa dh njkjksa esa txg cukrh gqbZ isM+ksa dh tM+s vius fy, vko';d ueh vkSj

iks"kd rRo <wa<+ gh ysrh gSaA <yku ds vkM+s esaM+canh djds isM+ vkSj >kfM+;ksa dks ikl&ikl ?kuk jksik

tk ldrk gSA bl rjg os feV~Vh dks jksdrh gSa vkSj /hjs&/hjs ,slh ^osfndk* cuk nsrh gSa] ftu dh

likV tehu ij nwljh rjg dh iQlysa & vukt] nky] frygu oxSjg&cksbZ tk ldrh gSaA ugha rks vkSj

isM+ yxk nhft,] rkfd vkSj Hkh T;knk feV~Vh cgus ls #ds vkSj igys cuh tehu Hkh iDdh rkSj ij

#d tk,A bl rjg mls f[kldus ls cpkus ds fy, fd, tkus okys [kpsZ Hkh cpsaxsA

iqjkus tekus ds ;wuku esa l?ku [ksrh vkSj va/k/qa/ pjkbZ ls feV~Vh dh yxHkx iwjh Åijh ijr

gh u"V gks xbZ FkhA mlds ckn feV~Vh cgus ls uaxh gqbZ igkM+h <ykuksa ij ;wukfu;ksa us tSrwu ds isM+

34

mxkus 'kq: fd,A ;gka lkekU; iQlysa mxkuk rks yxHkx vlaHko gh FkkA cl tSrwu ds isM+ksa us ;wukfu;ksa

dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks cjcknh ls cpk fy;kA

vU; ioZrh; ikfjra=kksa esa Hkh o`{k[ksrh dks viukdj vFkZO;oLFkk etcwr dh tk ldrh gSA

nf{k.k ds ns'kksa esa bl le; igkM+h çns'kksa esa 50 djksM+ ds djhc yksx jgrs gSaA

;gka ds yksxksa ds fy, ,d fodYi gS] ftl ij vHkh è;ku gh ugha fn;k x;k gS fd mÙkj ds

ioZrh; {ks=kksa vkSj fganwdq'k&fgeky; rFkk ,aMht ioZrekykvksa ds fuokfl;ksa ds chp ?kfu"B lg;ksx gksuk

pkfg,A igkM+ksa ij p<+uk 'kq: djsa rks gj 100 ehVj dh p<+kbZ ds ckn ekSle esa vk/k fMxzh dh

fxjkoV vk tkrh gSA leqæLrj ls dksbZ ,d fdyksehVj dh ÅapkbZ ij igkM+h ekSle leqæ ds rVorhZ

{ks=kksa ds eqdkcys yxHkx ikap fMxzh lsfYl;l uhps BaMk gks tkrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd Åaps

igkM+ksa ij mxkbZ tkus okyh cgqr&lh iQlysa mÙkjh {ks=k esa Hkh mxkbZ tk ldrh gSa vkSj mÙkjh&{ks=k dh

nf{k.kh fo'o ds igkM+ksa ijA

bl rjg ds lg;ksx ls vkxs pydj lEiw.kZ ekuork dks ykHk feysxkA bl /jrh ij tc

fiNyh ckj fge;qx vk;k Fkk] rks mÙkjh fgeunksa us iwjs mÙkjh vkSj eè; ;wjksi] dukMk rFkk vejhdk ds

mÙkjh bykds dks ciQZ ls <d fn;k FkkA ml le; nf{k.kh ;wjksi] phu dk vf/dka'k Hkkx vkSj vejhdk

dk ckdh fgLlk o`{kfoghu Vq.Mªk dh rjg liQsn BaMk çns'k FkkA ml le; dsoy Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k

phu esa taxy Fks] ftudk mÙkjh Nksj mÙkjh lhek rd tkrk FkkA

vkxs Hkh ,slk gh fge;qx fiQj vk;sxk] ,slk oSKkfudksa dk vuqeku gSA fiNys 20 ;k 30 yk[k

o"kksZ esa i`Foh dh tyok;q fge;qxksa ds chp ds xeZ o"kksZa vkSj mlds ckn ds fge;qxksa esa caVh jgh gSA

vke rkSj ij 15 ls 20]000 o"kksZa rd ,d xjeh dk ;qx pyk vkSj mlds ckn mlls Hkh vf/d le;

rd fge;qx jgkA vkxs Hkh nfl;ksa yk[k o"kZ rd ,slk gh fge;qx vkSj fiQj m".k;qx dk Øe pyrk

jgsxkA

35

bl le; fiNys fge;qx ds ckn dk xje ;qx py jgk gS] ftlesa fiNys dksbZ 12]000 o"kksZa ls

orZeku ekuo&lH;rk fodflr gqbZ gSA gkykafd xzhugkml xSlksa ds mRltZu ls xjekrh /jrh dh ?kVuk

gekjs lkeus vk pqdh gS vkSj /jrh dk ikjk yxkrkj p<+ jgk gS] fiQj Hkh ,slk ges'kk ugha jgsxkA dqN

gtkj o"kZ ckn ;k dfg, fd dksbZ 10]000 o"kksZ ckn fgeun fiQj mÙkj ls nf{k.k dh vksj ç;k.k djsaxs

vkSj dkiQh cM+s {ks=k ciQZ dh dksbZ nks fdyksehVj eksVh ijr ls <d tk,axsA ml le; Vq.Mªk vkSj mÙkj

ds lnkcgkj o`{kksa ds ou nf{k.k dh vksj f[kldsaxs vkSj m".kdfVca/h; rFkk 'khrks".k dfVca/h; {ks=k

orZeku fo'kky vkdkj dks NksM+dj NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa caV tk,axsA ml le; tks Hkh ekuork cph

jgsxh] mls viuk isV Hkjus ds fy, mu iQlyksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+sxk] tks fd fodV 'khr dks lg ldsa

vkSj ftudks mÙkjh lnkcgkj ou&{ks=k dh tyok;q esa mxk;k tk ldsA

bl rjg dh vusd çtkfr;ka vkt Hkh mÙkjh {ks=k esa fey ldrh gSa] ysfdu budh la[;k

,.Mht vkSj fgeky; dh ioZr Ja[kykvksa esa lcls vf/d gSA bl n`f"V ls Hkkjr] usiky vkSj ikfdLrku

rd iQSyh fgeky; dh ioZr&Jsf.k;ksa dh nf{k.kh <ykuksa esa mx jgs [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa vkSj vU;

[kk|kUu&iQlyksa ij è;ku nsuk t:jh gSA

fiNys fge;qx ds o"kksZa esa ftu {ks=kksa esa isM+ksa vkSj vU; ikS/ksa ds fy, c<+rh ciQZ ls cp

fudyus dk jkLrk fey x;k] ogka fge;qx ml gfj;kyh dks u"V ugha dj ik;kA yxkrkj iQSyk /jkry

feyrs gh os ikS/s nf{k.k dh vksj c<+rs x, vkSj fge;qx mudk ihNk djrk jgkA ;s çtkfr;ka fge;qx

ds çdksi ls cp xbZaA mnkgj.k ds fy, mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.k vejhdk esa ,slk gh gqvkA jkWdh ekm.Vsu

vkSj [kfut ioZrekyk,a mÙkj&nf{k.k fn'kk esa nks egk}hiksa dh jh<+ cu xbZa vkSj os mu o`{kksa vkSj ikS/ksa

ds ekxZ esa ck/k ugha Mky ldha tks nf{k.k dh vksj c<+rs tk jgs FksA ml le; ,sls ikS/ksa dks dqnjr

us lgkjk fn;k tks tYnh c<+rs FksA ysfdu tks ,slk ugha dj ik, tSls fd jsMoqM] yxHkx foyqIr gks

x,A

36

ftu {ks=kksa esa isM+ksa ds cpus dk jkLrk Åaph iwohZ&if'peh ioZrekykvksa us jksd fy;k Fkk] ogka

cM+s vuwBs ifj.kke gq,A tSls fd eè; vkSj mÙkj ;wjksi esa ,YIl vkSj dkikZfFk;u ioZrekyk,a nqxZe

ck/kvksa ds :i esa [kM+s Fks vkSj if'peh lkbcsfj;k esa vYrkbZ ioZr vkSj b/j vkSj Hkh nf{k.k esa vkdj

fganwdq'k vkSj fgeky; us cpus dk jkLrk jksdkA buds dkj.k bu bykdksa esa vf/drj isM+&ikS/s fge;qxksa

us fuxy fy, tks fd ,d ds ckn ,d vkrs jgs vkSj lkjh gfj;kyh xk;c gks xbZA

taxyh isM+ksa dh yxHkx 200 çtkfr;ka vkSj taxyh >kfM+;ksa dh yxHkx 120 çtkfr;ka fiQj Hkh

cp jgha] tks fd fganwdq'k&fgeky; {ks=k esa igkM+ksa dh <ykuksa ij mxrh gSa vkSj [kkus ;ksX;

dan&ewy&iQy rFkk esos iSnk djrh gSaA ;s mÙkjh ;wjksi ;k lkbcsfj;k dh rqyuk esa cgqr vf/d gSaA

budh o`{k[ksrh dh tk, rks budk iQk;nk fganwdq'k&fgeky; {ks=k ds yksxksa dks Hkh gksxk vkSj ,.Mht

igkfM+;ksa ds fuokfl;ksa dks HkhA vxys fge;qx esa budk egRo lEiw.kZ ekuotkfr dks gksxk vkSj os

50]000 ls 100]000 o"kZ rd ekuork dk mnj&iks"k.k djrs jgsaxsA

iQiQwanh ds taxy % Hkwfexr Økafr

ekbdksjkbtk ,sls iQiQwanh gSa] tks fd isM+ksa dh ;k vU; lnkogkj ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa ds lkFk cM+k

xgjk fj'rk cuk ysrs gSaA budh eq[; :i ls nks fdLesa gSaA nwljk lewg ,.Mksekbdksjkbtk dk gSA

,.Mksekbdksjkbtk ikS/ksa dh Årdksa esa ?kqldj muds vanj jgus yxrs gSaA nwljs gSa ,DVksekbdksjkbtk]

ftuesa gekjh fnypLih gSA ;s iQiQwanh isM+ ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa ds pkjksa vksj ,d vkoj.k&lk cuk ysrs gSaA

cgqr NksVs ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa dks ;s vius vkfyaxu esa ys ysrs gSaA ysfdu jgrs gSa ckgj&ckgj vkSj tM+ksa ds

vanj ugha ?kqlrsA

ekbdksjkbtk vkSj isM+ksa ds chp dk ;g laca/ lgthoh dk gksrk gS] ijthoh dk ughaA os isM+ksa

ls 'kdZjk ds :i esa ÅtkZ xzg.k djrs gSa] ysfdu blds cnys mUgsa tehu ls iks"kd rRo vkSj ueh xzg.k

37

djus esa enn djrs gSaA bl rjg isM+ksa ls ekbdksjkbtk iQk;nk mBkrs gSa vkSj ekbdksjkbtk ls isM+A ;gh

flEck;kfll ;kuh lgthou dgykrk gSA uohure vkdyu ds vuqlkj nqfu;k esa iQiQwafn;ksa dh yxHkx

130 yk[k çtkfr;ka gksaxhaA ysfdu buesa ls ,DVksekbdksjkbtk oxZ ds iQiQwanh cgqr FkksM+s gSaA

,DVksekbdksjkbtk ,slh of/Zdk,a iSnk djrs gSa ftuesa vla[; chtk.kq gksrs gSaA ;s csgn lw{e gksrs gSa vkSj

,d rjg ls ,sls cht gSa] ftudks iSnk djus esa uj&eknk dk dksbZ ;ksx ugha gksrkA budks iSnk djus

okyh of/Zdk,a LiksjksiQksj ;kuh chtk.kq?kj dgh tkrh gSaA vDlj ;s chtk.kq?kj brus NksVs gksrs gSa fd dksjh

vka[k ls ugha ns[ks tk ldrsA vusd ebdksjkbtk&çtkfr;ka rks ,slh gSa fd os vius LiksjksiQksj tehu ds

uhps iSnk djrh gSaA

ysfdu ,DVksekbdksjkbtk dh gtkjksa çtkfr;ka ,slh gSa] tks fd tehu ls Åij gh vkSj cM+h&cM+h

of/Zdk,a iSnk djrh gS] ftuesa vanj chtk.kq Hkjs jgrs gSaA bu of/Zdkvksa dks e'k:e] NÙkk] xqPNh ;k

[kaqHkh dgrs gSaA dqN [kqafHk;ka rks csgn fo"kSyh gksrh gSaA dqN ,slh Hkh gSa fd muesa tjk Hkh tgj ugha

gksrk] ysfdu [kkbZ ugha tk ldrhaA dqN [kkbZ tk ldrh gSa] exj csgn NksVh gksrh gSa] vkSj mudks

bdV~Bk djuk eqf'dy gSA dqN [kkbZ rks tk ldrh gSa] ij cM+h nqyZHk gSaA dqN [kkus ;ksX; [kqafHk;ka ,slh

Hkh gSa] tks tM+ksa ij jgus okys ekbdksjkbtk cgqr cM+h la[;k esa iSnk djrs gSaA

o"kkZ dky esa fiQuyS.M ds 260 yk[k gSDVj esa iQSys taxy ls 40 ls 50 yk[k Vu [kkus ;ksX;

[kaqHkh iSnk gks ldrh gSA vf/drj [kqaHkh vyx&vyx rjg ds ekbdksjkbtk ls iSnk gksrh gSaA vPNh o"kkZ

oky o"khZ esa çfr gSDVj vkSlru 200 fdyksxzke rd taxyh [kqaHkh iSnk gks ldrh gSA lu~ 1970 ds ckn

ds n'kd esa ,sls pkj o"kZ iM+s FksA ftu lkyksa esa o"kkZ de gks] mu lw[ks lkyksa esa Hkh fiQuyS.M dk

taxy 15 yk[k Vu ds djhc [kkus ;ksX; [kaqHkh ns ldrk gSA

gky esa ftu txgksa dks isM+ gVkdj lkiQ dj fn;k x;k Fkk] ogka cgqr de [kqaHkh iSnk gqbZA

bldk dkj.k Li"V gSA ogka xehZ ds fnuksa esa gjh pknj ds fcuk [kqyh feV~Vh cgqr xeZ gks xbZA

38

tSls&tSls taxy iqjkuk gksrk tkrk gS ekbdksjkbtk ls iSnk gksus okyh [kqaHkh dh rknkn c<+rh tkrh gSA

fiQuyS.M esa taxyh [kqafHk;ksa dh çfr gSDVj okf"kZd mit loksZÙke LFkkuksa esa nks Vu ls Hkh vf/d gks

ldrh gSA ,d iqjkus teZu vè;;u esa fglkc yxk;k x;k Fkk fd teZuh ds taxyksa esa çfr gSDVj çfr

o"kZ nl Vu rd [kqaHkh iSnk gksrh gSA ;g fiQuyS.M ds vPNh o"kkZ okys o"kksZa ls Hkh ikap xquh T;knk gSA

rkts e'k:eksa dk dSyksjh&eku vkSlru 150 kj/100g ukik x;k gS] tks fd de gS] D;ksafd

rkth [kqafHk;ksa esa ikuh T;knk gksrk gSA ysfdu muds futZy Hkkj esa çksVhu dh ek=kk dkiQh gksrh gS]

ftlls budh ikSf"Vdrk dk eku dkiQh c<+ tkrk gSA çksVhu ds vykok [kqafHk;ksa esa [kfut Hkh gksrs gSa

vkSj dqN çtkfr;ksa esa foVkfeu&Mh dh ek=kk çpqj gksrh gSA

gkykafd ekbdksjkbtk okyh [kqafe;ksa dh çkd`frd mit i;kZIr vk'kkçn gS] fiQj Hkh mfpr

ou&çca/ku ls mudh mit vkSj Hkh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA i;kZoj.k vkSj fodkl ds lgfeyu (n

dks,fy'ku iQkWj ,Uok;jues.V ,.M Msoyies.V) (lh-bZ-Mh-) us ,d u;k 'kCn x<+k gS &

^ekbdksiQkWjsLVªh*A blds varxZr [kkus ;ksX; dqnjrh [kqafHk;ksa dh iSnkokj c<+kus dh rduhdksa dks [kkstuk

vkSj mudk çlkj djuk 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g laLFkk (lh-bZ-Mh-) fiQuyS.M dh ^izQS.M~l vkWiQ

vFkZ* laLFkk dk gh ,d vax gS] tks vuqla/ku vkSj fodkl esa lg;ksx djrh gSA

fiQuyS.M ds çkd`frd ouksa esa dqN txgksa esa gj ckj ir>j ds ekSle esa] cl lw[ks ekSle dks

NksM+dj vPNh rknkn esa [kqafHk;ksa dh iQly iSnk gksrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, iqjkus Hkksto`{k dh ,d

vdsyh tM+ tks fd lh-bZ-Mh- ds vuqla/ku LFky ds ikl gh mx jgh Fkh_ mlus vf/drj o"kksZa esa dbZ

fdyksxzke e'k:e iSnk fd,A felky ds rkSj ij lu~ 1997 ds ir>j ds fnuksa esa bl vdsys isM+ dh

tM+ ls dqN oxZehVj ds {ks=k esa gh 10-4 fdyksxzke e'k:e iSnk gq,A tM+ ij ;s e'k:e drkjksa esa mxs

cM+s 'kksHkk;eku yx jgs FksA mlh isM+ dh ntZuksa tM+sa Fkha] tks pkjksa vksj iQSyh gqbZ FkhaA ikl esa vkSj Hkh

cM+s isM+ mx jgs FksA vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd buesa ls fdlh Hkh tM+ ij ;k blh isM+ dh nwljh tM+ksa

39

ij ,d Hkh e'k:e mxrk gqvk utj ugha vk;kA gks ldrk gS feV~Vh dh mitkÅ 'kfDr esa] iks"kd

rRoksa esa vkSj ueh esa fHkUurk ds dkj.k ;g varj fn[kkbZ fn;k gksA

bldh ,d laHkkfor O;k[;k ;g gks ldrh gS] tks vf/d rdZlaxr Hkh yxrh gS fd fiQuyS.M

ds taxyksa esa lHkh isM+ksa dh tM+ksa ds lkFk ekbdksjkbtk iQiQwafn;ksa ds lgthoh laca/ ugha cu ik,A

[kklrkSj ls mu ekbdksjkbtk ls] tks yxkrkj e'k:e iSnk djrs gSaA yxrk gS ;gka ,.Mksekbdksjkbtk] tks

fd e'k:e iSnk ugha djrs] vf/d ik, tkrs gSa vkSj mudh rqyuk esa ,DVksekbdksjkbtk de gSaA oSls

Hkh] lHkh ,DVksekbdksjkbtk cM+s&cM+s [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e ugha iSnk djrsA

vxj ,sls isM+ksa ;k mudh tM+ksa dk vuqikr c<+k fn;k tk, tks fu;fer :i ls [kkus ;ksX;

e'k:e iSnk djus okys ekbdksjkbtk dks çJ; ns jgs gksa] rks blh taxy ls e'k:e dh iSnkokj 'kk;n

dbZ xquh c<+kbZ tk ldsxhA

m".kdfVca/h; {ks=kksa esa bl çdkj dk ou&çca/u] de ls de lS¼kafrd :i ls] rks mÙkjh vkSj

'khrks".k {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d taxyh [kqaHkh iSnk dj ldrk gSA ;g fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd

çkd`frd m".kdfVca/kh; ouksa esa ftruh Hkh o`{k&çtkfr;ka mxrh gSa] muesa ls 95 çfr'kr dh tM+ksa esa

ekbdksjkbtk iQiQwanh Hkh mx jgs gSa vkSj ;s ,.Mksekbdksjkbtk gSaA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd tks ikap

çfr'kr m".kdfVca/h; o`{k cps muesa tM+ksa ij ,sls ,DVksekbdksjkbtk iuik, tk ldrs gSa tks [kkus ;ksX;

cM+s&cM+s e'k:e iSnk djsaA blfy, o`{k [ksrh esa d`f"k okfudh vkSj cgqeaftyk okfVdkvksa dh tks

ç.kkfy;ka ;gka viukbZ tk,a] muesa bl çdkj dh o`{k&çtkfr;ksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk gksxkA

ou foKku dh ikB~;iqLrdksa esa isM+ksa ds ckjs esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd dkSu ls isM+

,.Mksekbdksjkbtk dks vkd`"V djrs gSaA ysfdu bl tkudkjh dsk tjk lko/kuh ls gh Lohdkj djsaA

e'k:eksa esa fnypLih j[kus okys vusd O;fDr;ksa us ;g crk;k fd ftUgsa vf/dkfjd rkSj ij

,.Mksekbdksjkbtk okyk crk;k x;k Fkk] mu isM+ksa dh tM+ksa ij Hkh taxyksa esa ,DVksekbdksjkbtk oxZ dh

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iQiQwafn;ka lgthoh laca/ tksM+rs ns[kh xbZaA buls vPNh rknkn esa e'k:e iSnk gq,A bl rjg dh ns[ks

lqus çek.kksa ls ;g fu"d"kZ rks fudkyk gh tk ldrk gS fd o`{kksa dh dqN çtkfr;ka vo'; gh ,slh gSa]

tks fd vkerkSj ij rks viuh tM+ksa esa vanj jgus okys ,.Mksekbdksjkbtk gh mxkrh gS] ysfdu

dHkh&dHkh ,DVksekbdksjkbtk ls laca/ cukus esa Hkh mUgsa dksbZ ,rjkt ugha gSA gks ldrk gS fd ;g dqN

[kkl ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gksA laHkor% ,.Mks ;k ,DVksekbdksjkbtk esa dkSu muds ikl igys

igqapk] bl vk/kj ij oj.k fd;k tkrk gksA

tks Hkh gks] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd 'khrks".k] miks".k vkSj m".k dfVca/ ds lHkh vkæZ vkSj

mi&vkæZ ikfjra=kksa esa ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e vfrfjDr vkgkj miyC/ djk ldrs gSaA vf/d ue

bykdksa esa T;knk e'k:e lky Hkj esa yxkrkj iSnk fd, tk ldrs gSaA de ueh okys mi&vkæZ

(lc&g~;wfeM) {ks=kksa esa e'k:e dk mRiknu dsoy o"kkZ&dky rd lhfer jgsxk] ysfdu ;gka Hkh mudh

ek=kk dkiQh egRoiw.kZ lkfcr gksxhA e'k:e dks /wi esa lq[kk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj yacs le; rd

HkaMkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS] rkfd lw[ks ekSle esa Hkh budks [kk;k tk ldsA

ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:eksa dh ,d cM+h [kkfl;r ;g gS fd ;s Hkwfe&mi;ksx dh vU;

ç.kkfy;ksa ls dksbZ gksM+ ugha djrs] cfYd muds iwjd gSaA fdlh Hkh d`f"kokfudh ç.kkyh esa ,d

vfrfjDr [kk|&mRikn miyC/ djkus ds lkFk gh ekbdksjkbtk isM+ksa ls iQy vkSj ydM+h dh iSnkokj Hkh

c<+k nsrs gSa vkSj mls ?kVkrs ughaA

m".kdfVca/ vkSj miks".k dfVca/ ds dqN ouh; ikfjra=kksa esa rks ,DVksekbdksjkbtk çtkfr;ka Li"V

:i ls Nk;h gqbZ gSaA ,sls ouksa esa nf{k.k vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k ds fMIVsjksdkiZ&ou 'kkfey gSaA lkFk gh

vizQhdk ds lokuk taxy Hkh buesa 'kkfey gSa tgka iQyh okys isM+ksa ds midqy lhtyfiuksbMh esa vkus

okys dSfl;k oa'k ds o`{kksa dh Hkjekj gSA Hkkjr dk veyrk'k blh midqy dk o`{k gSA ratkfu;k ds

fevksEcks ouksa esa dsoy 20 çfr'kr o`{k&çtkfr;ka ,DVksekbdksjkbtk okyh gSaA ysfdu çkd`frd ouksa esa

41

budh la[;k vf/d gS & 60 çfr'kr rdA ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd ftu isM+ksa dh tM+ksa esa

,DVksekbdksjkbtk mx jgs gksrs gSa] 'kk;n mudk vkdkj nwljs isM+ksa ls T;knk cM+k gks tkrk gSA

ekbdksjkbtk okys dqN fdLe ds e'k:eksa dh mÙkj vejhdh] ;wjksih vkSj tkikuh cktkjksa esa

vPNh dher feyrh gS] blfy, dbZ ns'kksa esa ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e mxkus ds ç;kl fd, x, gSaA

ysfdu ;g vo'; irk pyk gS fd ,slk djuk vklku ugha gSA ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa 'kdZjk;qDr ekè;eksa esa

ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:eksa dk d`f=ke lao/Zu fd;k x;k gS] ysfdu ekr`o`{k ds fcuk mudh o`f¼ cM+h

'kkspuh; fLFkfr rd ean gksrh gS vkSj mu ij gkfudkjd thok.kq (cSDVhfj;k) cM+h tYnh geyk cksy

nsrs gSaA

ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa fd, x, vk/qfud vuqla/kuksa ds vykok lfn;ksa ls yksx futh rkSj ij Hkh

ç;ksx djrs jgs gSaA bu yksxksa us vius ?kj ds fiNokM+s ;k x`gokfgdkvksa esa ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e

mxkus ds fy, ;k rks tehu ij ;k ogka mx jgs isM+ksa dh tM+ksa ds ikl muds VqdM+s iQsadsA dHkh&dHkh

;s futh ç;ksx liQy jgs vkSj iQsads x, VqdM+ksa esa ls u, e'k:e iQwV iM+sA ysfdu vkerkSj ij ,slk

ugha gqvkA çd`fr esa rks ;g gksrk gS fd tSls gh isM+ ds cht ls ikS/k vadqfjr gqvk vkSj mlus tM+sa

tekbZa fd iQkSju tM+ksa ij vklikl tks Hkh ekgdksjkbtk iQiQwanh gqvk] og mlls xqaFk tkrk gSA tks Hkh

ekbdksjkbtk bl feyu esa liQy gks x;k og tM+ksa ds pkjksa vksj vPNk&[kklk xBca/u cuk ysrk gSA

fiQj og fdlh vkSj ekbdksjkbtk dks mu tM+ksa ds ikl iQVdus Hkh ugha nsrkA blhfy, futh rkSj ij

iQsads x, ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e ds VqdM+s rc rd ugha iuirs tc rd os mu chtksa ds vklikl

fxjs gksa] tks tYnh gh vadqfjr gksus okys gksa vkSj tM+sa NksM+us okys gksaA

'kk;n lcls vPNs ç;ksx tkikuh vkSj izQkalhlh oSKkfudksa us fd,] ftUgksaus isM+ksa dh ikS/ esa mUgsa

jksius ls igys gh dqN [kkl fdLe ds ekbdksjkbtk iuik fn,A bl rjg os çkd`frd :i ls iSnk

e'k:eksa dh rqyuk esa dgha T;knk iSnkokj ys ik,A

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blh çdkj vizQhdh vuqla/kku drkZvksa us bdjkiQ ICFRAF – INTERNATIONAL

CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN AGROFORESTRY ds tksEck] eykoh fLFkr 'kks/dsUæksa esa

dke djrs gq, jksius ls igys ^feyks* (osaxwfj;k buiQkWLVk & Vengueria infausta) uked isM+ksa dh tM+ksa

esa e'k:e iSnk djus okys ekbdksjkbtk LFkkfir djus esa liQyrk çkIr dhA (bdjkiQ dk uke

cnydj vo ^oYMZ ,xzksiQkWjsLVªh lsaVj* dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj Hkkjr esa bldk nf{k.k ,f'k;k dsUæ

iwlk&ifjlj esa ^us'kuy ,xzhdYpqjy lkbal lsaVj* esa Mk-oh- iky flag ds usr`Ro esa dk;Zjr gS)A ysfdu

bu vizQhdh ç;ksxksa esa ftl rjg dh izkS|ksfxdh vkSj rduhdsa bLrseky dh xbZa] os iz;ksx'kkyk esa gh dh

tk ldrh gSaA budks xkao ds Lrj ij vke vkneh ugha nqgjk ldrkA

nwljh vksj ^dks,fy'ku iQkWj ,Uok;jues.V ,.M Msoyies.V* (lh-bZ-Mh-) eq[;r;k ,sls rjhds

fodflr djuk pkgrk Fkk] ftuds fy, eagxs midj.kksa dh t:jr u iM+s vkSj ftudks dksbZ Hkh

xzkeoklh vklkuh ls nqgjk lds vkSj viuk ldsA blds fy, ^lh-bZ-Mh-* us dqN vk'kkçn rduhdsa

[kkstha vkSj ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e dh v/Z&d`f"k ds dqN ç;ksx o`{k[ksrh dh D;kfj;ksa esa fd, x,A

ysfdu fiQuyS.M dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa u rks isM+ tYnh mxrs gSa vkSj u ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:eA vr%

dksbZ Hkh mi;ksxh tkudkjh izkIr gksus esa vHkh dkiQh le; yx tk,xkA vr% ;g vPNk gksxk fd blh

rjg ds ijh{k.k m".kdfVca/ vkSj miks".k dfVca/ esa Hkh fd, tk,a] tgka isM+ fiQuyS.M dh rqyuk esa

nl xquh rst jÝrkj ls mxrs gSaA

lh-bZ-Mh- us blds fy, pkj rjhds [kksts gSa] ftUgsa og tkapus esa yxk gSA ;s pkjks rjhds liQy

gks x,] rks xkao ds Lrj ij Hkh viuk, tk ldsaxsA igyk rjhdk rks ,sls isM+ksa dh igpku dk gS

ftudh tM+sa (,d tM+ ;k dbZ cM+h tM+sa) fdlh ,sls ekbdksjkbtk ls lgthoh laca/ cuk ysrh gSa] tks

fd cM+s dke ds e'k:e iSnk djrk gksA vf/drj ekeyksa esa Bhd&Bhd ;g igpku djuk dfBu gksrk

gS fd fdl isM+ dh tM+ us fdl rjg ds e'k:e iSnk djus esa ;ksx fn;k gS] D;ksafd dbZ isM+ vklikl

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mx jgs gksrs gSa vkSj mudh tM+sa Hkh iklikl iQSyh gksrh gSaA ysfdu dbZ ckj fdlh&fdlh isM+ dh tM+

ds lkFk Bhd lh/h js[kk esa e'k:e mxs gksrs gSa vkSj vki e'k:e dh js[kkvksa ds vk/kj ij ml isM+

dh tM+ksa dh 'kk[kkvksa dk foU;kl tku ldrs gSaA ;kuh ml isM+ dh igpku vklkuh ls dj ysrs gSa] tks

mu e'k:eksa dks viuh tM+ksa ls tqM+s ekbdksjkbtk ls iSnk dj jgk gSA

bl rjhds esa O;kikfjd ou ds ,d VqdM+s dks cM+h ckjhdh ls tkapk tkrk gS vkSj mlds ckn

gh ?kus isM+ksa dh NaVkbZ djds o`{kkoyh dh l?kurk gVkdj isM+ksa dks nwj&nwj dj fn;k tkrk gSA fiQj tks

isM+ viuh tM+ksa ij e'k:e mxkus ds fy, Bhd&Bhd igpkus tkrs gSa] mu ij fu'kku yxk fn, tkrs gSa

vkSj mUgsa rks mxus nsrs gSa vkSj ckdh fcuk e'k:e okys isM+ksa dks dkVdj fxjk nsrs gSaA

tc vklikl ds isM+ dkV fn, tkrs gSa rks muesa ls vf/drj ds tM+&ra=k vkSj tM+ksa ds vanj

mxrs ekbdksjkbtk Hkh ej tkrs gSaA lkFk gh tks isM+ cp jgs gSa os viuh tM+ksa dk foLrkj djus yxrs

gSa] D;ksafd vpkud mUgsa vf/d iks"kd rRo] vf/d ikuh vkSj vf/d çdk'k feyus yxrk gSA cps

gq, isM+ksa ds iQSyko ds lkFk gh mu ij iui jgs ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e Hkh viuk nk;jk c<+kus

yxrs gSa vkSj vU; iQiQwafn;ksa ls txg Nhudj ml ij viuk dCtk dj ysrs gSaA

vc vxj ;g taxy çkd`frd :i ls fiQj ls gjk gksus yxs vkSj tks isM+ dkVs x, Fks] muds

BwaB ;k tM+sa ;k cht vadqfjr gksdj c<+us yxsa] rks iwjh laHkkouk gS fd budh tM+sa vklikl ds

egRowi.kZ ekbdksjkbtk ds lkFk xBca/u dj ysaA

bl rjg iqjkus dqN isM+ viuh tM+ksa esa fyiVs dherh ekbdksjkbtk ds lkFk ogha mxrs gq, NksM+s

tk ldrs gSaA ;s tehu ds gj gSDVj ij yxkrkj LFkk;h :i ls iQyrs&iQwyrs jgsaxsA vxj os ogka

lfn;ksa rd ,sls gh mxrs jgs vkSj muds pkjksa vksj tc&rc vius vki mx vkus okys u, isM+ dkVs

tkrs jgs] rks iqjkus fo'kkydk; o`{k viuh tM+ksa vkSj mu ij fyiVs ekbdksjkbtk vkSj Nrjh rkus [kM+s

e'k:eksa ds lkFk ml iwjs {ks=k esa viuk lkezkT; LFkkfir dj ysaxsA bl rjg dh o`{k[ksrh okyh ç.kkyh

44

esa ih<+h&nj&ih<+h [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e feyrs jgsaxsA bl rjg dh Hkwfe&mi;ksx ç.kkyh esa dqN cM+s isM+

cjkcj cus jgsaxs vkSj muds dkj.k vf/d dkcZu lks[kk tk,xk vkSj os çd`fr&laj{k.k esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ

Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds lkFk&lkFk ou dh lq"kek vkSj lkSan;Z esa Hkh o`f¼ djsaxsA vkn'kZ fLFkfr og gksxh]

tgka cps gq, iqjkus isM+ fujarj iQy] esok] iQfy;ka ;k cht Hkh iSnk djrs jgsaxs] ftUgsa tM+ksa ij iuirs

e'k:e ds lkFk&lkFk euq"; vius vkgkj esa 'kkfey dj ldsA

;gka ;g crkus dh t:jr ugha gS fd tc u, isM+ dkVdj fudky fn, tk,a rks tks isM+ cp

jgsa muesa ls ftudh tM+ksa esa ekbdksjkbtk Li"V :i ls c<+rs fn[kkbZ nsa mUgsa nwljs isM+ksa ds eqdkcys

rjthg nh tk,A bl rjg dh ç.kkyh viukus ls [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e dh iSnkokj c<+kus esa liQyrk

feyus dh dkiQh xqatkb'k gSA

lh-bZ-Mh- us ,d vkSj rjhdk vktek;k gSA mlds fo'ks"kK taxy esa ?kwe&?kwe dj ,sMslh txg

<wa<+rs gSa] tgka dqN [kkl fdLe ds [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e cgqrk;r ls mx jgs gksaA fiQj ogka ij os ;k rks

pquhank isM+ksa ds cht oks nsrs gSa ;k mudh ikS/ vkSj dye jksi nsrs gSaA vxj dqN oxZehVj txg esa

fdlh fdLe ds e'k:e dh nks ;k rhu fdyksxzke ek=kk iSnk gks jgh gks] vkSj vklikl dksbZ vkSj

e'k:e ml txg u mxrk fn[kkbZ ns rks bl ckr dh iwjh laHkkouk gS fd ml txg cks, x, chp ;k

jksih xbZ ikS/ c<+saxha vkSj mudh tM+sa ogka mx jgs e'k:eksa ds tud ekbdksjkbtk dks xzg.k dj ysaxhaA

tc dqN ikS/ tM+as] tek ysa] rks muesa ls dqN ogka ls m[kkM+dj nwljh txg jksih tk ldrh gSaA buds

lkFk lkekU; nkc dye (ys;fjax) cka/us dk rjhdk Hkh vktek;k tk ldrk gSA dye cka/us ds fy,

Vgfu;ka mlh txg mxrs isM+ksa ls yh tk ldrh gSa ;k fiQj ftu isM+ksa dh xeyksa esa yxh ikS/ ;gka jksius

ds fy, yk, Fks] mudh Vgfu;ka Hkh dye cka/us ds fy, bLrseky dh tk ldrh gSA

45

bu rjhdksa esa ,d leL;k ;g ns[kh xbZ gS fd taxy dh loksZÙke e'k:e okyh txg esa

vDlj vf/d Nk;k gksrh gSA nwljh leL;k ;g gS fd bl rjhds ls cgqr T;knk ikS/ ugha mxkbZ tk

ldrhaA

rhljk rjhdk ;g gS fd ikS/ jksius ds fy, teZjfgr dh xbZ (LVjykbTM) feV~Vh bLrseky dh

tk,A bl futZfeZr feV~Vh esa cht ;k dfVax ;k nkc dye ls ikS/&jksi.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds

fy, igys ml txg esa feV~Vh dks xje djds blesa ekStwn lHkh rjg ds iQiQwanh vkSj ekbdksjkbtk Hkh

u"V dj fn, tkrs gSaA mlds ckn feV~Vh BaMh gksus ij mlesa ikuh fNM+d dj ue cukrs gSa vkSj mlesa

okafNr ekbdksjkbtk ds chtk.kq fc[ksj nsrs gSaA vxj e'k:e dks elydj muds VqdM+s ikuh esa fHkxksdj

futZfeZr feV~Vh esa feyk nsa rks] bldks cgqr laHkkouk gS fd feV~Vh esa jksih xbZ ikS/ ;k cks, x, chtksa

ls mxs ikS/ksa dh tM+sa lgh fdLe ds ekbdksjkbtk dks viuh tM+ksa ls tdM+ ysaA

'kk;n feV~Vh dks futZfeZr djus dk lcls vPNk rjhdk tkfEc;k&cksRLokuk ds ,d 'kks/drkZ

LVsuyh ekVsd (Stanley Mateke) dk gS] tks osYM çksMDV~l fjlpZ ,.M Msoyies.V (VPRD) ds

fy, dke djrk gSA mlds rjhds ls feV~Vh esa igys ekStwn lHkh ekbdksjkbtk ej tkrs gSaA bl rjhds

esa LVhy ds ,d ihis esa dqN fgLls rd ikuh Hkjk tkrk gS vkSj mlds ckn LVhy dh tkyh ;k ckjhd

Nsn okyk NUuk ml ikuh ds Åij yxk fn;k tkrk gSA

bl tkyh ;k NUus ds Åij og feV~Vh Hkj nsrs gSa] ftls futZfeZr fd;k tkuk gSA fiQj ihis ds

uhps vkB ?kaVs rd vkx tykbZ tkrh gSA bl rjg ikuh xje gksdj Hkki cukrk gS vkSj Hkki tkyh ;k

NUus ds Nsnksa esa ls fudydj Åij dh feV~Vh esa ços'k djrh gS vkSj gj rjg ds teZ vkSj ekbdksjkbtk

iQiQwafn;ksa dks ekj nsrh gSA

ml rjhds ls ,slh T;knk ikS/ rS;kj dh tk ldrh gS] ftuls mxs isM+ksa dh tM+ksa ij okafNr

fdLe ds ekbdksjkbtk gh mxsaA

46

lh-bZ-Mh- ,d vkSj rjhdk ;g vktek jgk gS fd okafNr ekbdksjkbtk okyh tM+ksa dh dfVax ls

isM+ mxk, tk,aA ,slh vusd o`{k&çtkfr;ka gSa] ftUgsa tM+ksa dh dfVax ls mxk;k tk ldrk gSA vxj

fdlh isM+ dh tM+ rhu ;k pkj ehVj rd c<+rh gqbZ] [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e dh egRoiw.kZ fdLe mxk jgh

gS rks mlds dbZ VqdM+s djds] gj VqdM+s dks u;k isM+ mxkus ds fy, jksik tk ldrk gSA blds fy, gj

VqdM+s ij okafNr ekbdksjkbtk fyiVk gks] rHkh u, isM+ ds lkFk&lkFk og ekbdksjkbtk Hkh iuisxkA bl

rjhds ls ge ,sls isM+ mxk ldsaxs ftudh gj eq[; tM+ mlh ,d gh fdLe ds ekbdksjkbtk ls <dh

gksxhA ubZ tM+ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ;s ekbdksjkbtk Hkh c<+rs jgus pkfg,A

vxj ijh{k.kksa esa ;g rjhdk liQy gks x;k rks ,Liu o`{k ds u, Dyksu jksis tk ldsaxs] ftudh

tM+ksa ij dqN egRoiw.kZ ekbdksjkbtk iuirs gSaA ;g lpeqp gh cM+k yqHkkouk fodYi gksxkA ,Liu ds

dqN o`{k rks jkWdh ekm.VsUl esa brus iqjkus gSa fd os ogka yk[kksa lky ls mx jgs gSaA bu isM+ksa ds rus

oxSjg rks 150&200 lky rd gh ftank jgrs gSa] exj mudh tM+as rks ,d rjg ls vej gSa vkSj c<+rh

gh jgrh gSaA vxj ge ,Liu o`{k ds ,sls Dyksu mxk ldsa] tks viuh eq[; tM+ksa esa dherh e'k:e

okys ekbdksjkbtk clk, gq, gksa] rks os yk[kksa lky ckn Hkh mx jgs gksaxsA 'kk;n ekuo dh vxyh

50]000 ihf<+;ksa ds fy, ;s ,Liu o`{k yxkrkj [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e iSnk djrs jgsaxsA

Åij fn, x, dbZ rjhds vkSj fopkj gks ldrk gS fd dqN u;h rjg ds gksaA ;g Hkh gks ldrk

gS fd mUgsa igys dHkh Hkh vktek;k ugha x;k gksA blfy, bldh dksbZ xkj.Vh ugha gS fd ;s rjhds

Bhd&Bhd dke djsaxsA ;g Hkh laHko gS] cfYd vf/d rdZlaxr yxrk gS fd liQyrk dk vkadM+k

dqN çfr'kr esa fleV tk,A ysfdu tc rd çFke ijh{k.kksa ds urhts u fey tk,a] bl ckjs esa dqN

Hkh Hkjksls ls ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA

ysfdu vki lcls fuosnu gS fd gekjs bu ijh{k.kksa esa 'kkfey gksaA ;g eqf'dy ugha gSA bl

fdrkc ds ifjf'k"V esa crk;k x;k gS fd vki vius ç;ksx fdl rjg fu;ksftr dj ldrs gSaA bl ckjs

47

esa O;kogkfjd tkudkjh vkSj funsZ'k fn, x, gSaA gks ldrk gS fd vki fo'o ds igys ekbdksiQkWjsLVªh

'kks/drkZvksa esa 'kkfey gks tk,aA

vè;;u ds fy, cgqr&lh phtsa gSaA vHkh ,sls gtkjkas e'k:e gSa] tks [kkus ;ksX; gSa vkSj ftuesa

ls vusd fHkUu&fHkUu vla[; o`{kksa ds lkFk lgthoh laca/k cuk ldrs gSaA gesa ,sls tksM+ksa dh ryk'k

djuh gksxhA buesa ls cgqr ls dqN [kkl o`{k&çtkfr;ksa dks gh ilan djrs gSa vkSj ges'kk mudh tM+ksa ls

fyiVs ik, tkrs gSaA

bl fdrkc esa ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:eksa dh egÙkk ij cy fn;k x;k gS] D;ksafd os ltho

isM+ksa ds lkFk&lkFk mxk, tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu gesa mu iQiQwafn;ksa dks Hkh ugha Hkqykuk pkfg, tks

lM+h&xyh ydfM+;ksa vkSj ikS/ lkexzh ij mxrs gq, Hkh [kkus ;ksX; ikSf"Vd [kqaHkh iSnk djrs gSaA

bu e`rthoh iQiQwafn;ksa vkSj [kqafHk;ksa dks vkneh us gh ugha] nhedksa vkSj phfV;ksa us Hkh cM+s yacs

le; ls] 'kk;n yk[kksa&djksM+ksa o"kZ ls mxk;k gSA phaVh vkSj nhed oxSjg dhM+s&edksM+s] bl /jrh ij

ekuo ls igys vorfjr gks x, FksA lp rks ;g gS fd nqfu;k Hkj esa ekStwn nhedksa vkSj phfV;ksa dk

otu rkSyk tk, rks os bl xzg dh lEiw.kZ tula[;k ds otu ls T;knk cSBsxkA blls irk pyrk gS fd

bu {kqæ çkf.k;ksa }kjk dh tk jgh [ksrh dk fdruk egRo gSA

bl le; e`rthoh dod ;kuh iQiQwanh fo'o ds [kk| mRiknu esa dksbZ egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ugha

fuHkkrs] ysfdu ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:eksa dh rqyuk esa bu e`rthoh dodksa dks mxkuk vf/d ljy gSA

fiQygky tks rjhds bLrseky fd tk jgs gSa] os dkiQh&dqN tfVy gSa vkSj 'kq: esa tks iwath yxkuh

iM+rh gS] og Hkh dkiQh T;knk gSA vHkh e'k:e mxkus dh tks rduhdsa bLrseky dh tk jgh gSa] muesa

rkieku vkSj vkæZrk ds Lrj fu;af=kr djus gksrs gSa vkSj mu ij cjkcj fuxjkuh j[kh tkrh gS rkfd

e'k:e dh vPNh iQly lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA

48

o"kkZ ij fuHkZj jgus okys bykdksa esa lkekU; e'k:e mxkus ds lLrs rjhds Hkh fodflr fd, tk

ldrs gSa (Hkkjr esa lksyu (fgeky; çns'k) esa fLFkr jk"Vªh; e'k:e vuqla/ku laLFkku us ,sls dqN

rjhds fudkys gSa)A bu rjhdksa esa vf/d iwath fuos'k dh vko';drk ugha gksxhA ekbdksjkbtk okys

e'k:e dh rjg lkekU; e'k:e mxkuk Hkh o`{k[ksrh esa 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj d`f"kokfudh

dk egRoiw.kZ vax cu ldrk gSA ;s vU; mRiknu&ç.kkfy;ksa ls fdlh rjg dh gksM+ Hkh ugha djsaxhaA

;gka rd fd ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:eksa ls Hkh budh dksbZ gksM+ ugha gksxhA

tc Hkh dksbZ isM+ [kqn fxj iM+rk gS ;k dkVdj fxjk fn;k tkrk gS rks mlds rus vkSj Vgfu;ka

vkSj tM+as dgha tehu ij iM+h jgsa rks lkyksa rd lM+rh jgrh gSaA ydM+h ij reke rjg ds lw{etho

vkSj iQiQwanh >iV iM+rs gSaA cl ;g ns[kuk gksxk fd fdl fdLe dk iQiQwanh isM+ dh e`rdk;k dks

fBdkus yxk jgk gSA

vf/drj e`rthoh dod [kkus ;ksX; e'k:e iSnk ugha djrsA ysfdu muesa ls dqN djrs gSaA

tc Hkh taxy esa ?kuh o`{kkoyh dks iryk djus ds fy, chp&chp ls isM+ fxjkus iM+s rks muesa lkekU;

e'k:e iSnk djus okys dod ;kuh iQiQwanh dh okafNr fdLe dk dodtky ;k chtk.kq NksM+us ds fy,

fxjs iM+s ruksa vkSj tM+ksa ds vanj Nsn cuk fn;k tk,A bl rjg bl fdLe ds e'k:e dk dodtky

(ekblhfy;e) vf/drj ruksa vkSj tM+ksa esa viuk tky iQSyk ysxkA ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd buesa ls

vusd e'k:eksa dh çtkfr;ka ;fn ,d Vu ikS/&lkexzh dks lM+k;sa rks 300 ls 600 fdyksxzke rd

e'k:e iSnk dj nsrh gSaA ;s e'k:e [kkus ;ksX; gksrs gSaA isM+ksa dk ,d frgkbZ (;k dbZ ckj vkSj Hkh

vf/d) ck;ksekl ;kuh ikS/lkexzh vDlj Hkwfexr gksrh gSA blfy, fxjs isM+ksa dh dsoy rus vkSj tM+sa

gh [kkus ;ksX; e'k:eksa dh [kklh vPNh iQly iSnk dj nsrh gSaA

fo'o ds ouksa ds mÙkjh {ks=k esa fxjs iM+s isM+ksa ds vyx&vyx ruksa esa vxj lgh fdLe ds

e'k:e dk dodtky iui vk, rks os ,d ;k nks n'kd rd [kkus ;ksX; e'k:eksa dh cM+h vkd"kZd

49

iQly iSnk djrs jgrs gSaA lh-bZ-Mh- us bl rjg ds ç;ksx Hkh pyk j[ks gSa vkSj ç;ksx&{ks=k esa fxjs iM+s

isM+ksa ds ruksa dks Åij crk, x, rjhds ls e'k:e iSnk djus ds fy, chtk x;k gSA

vkf[kj esa y{; ;g gS fd ,d ,slh d`f"kokfudh ç.kkyh viukbZ tk, ftlesa ,d lkFk ydM+h

(bekjrh)] iQy] esok] iQfy;ka] ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e vkSj lkekU; e'k:e iSnk gksrs jgsaA iqjkus isM+ksa

ds fxjs iM+s ruksa ds chp tks u, isM+ mxk, tk,a] muesa rks tM+ksa esa ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e mxsa vkSj

iQy oxSjg Hkh iSnk djrs jgsa vkSj tehu ij lM+rs ruksa vkSj tM+ksa esa lkekU; [kk| e'k:e mxsaA tks

iqjkus isM+ viuh tM+ksa ij [kkus ;ksX; ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e iSnk dj jgs gSa] mUgsa dHkh Hkh dkVk u

tk, vkSj çkd`frd :i ls tc rd mxrs jgsa] mxsaA

leqæksa esa ^cM+s isM+*

leqæksa esa Hkh vius fgLls ds ^cM+s isM+* mxrs gSaA tehu ij lcls yacs o`{k gSa fldks;k] rks

leqæ esa gSa fo'kkydk; flokj&dsYiA 'kSoky oxZ ds ;s ikS/s 70&70 ehVj rd yacs gks tkrs gSa] cfYd

vkSj Hkh vf/dA gkykafd buds iÙkh tSls yacs&yacs rarq rks T;knk le; rd thfor ugha jgrs] ysfdu

leqæ&ry ls budks fpidkus okyh tM+ksa tSlh xkaBsa vis{kkd`r yacs le; rd iuirh jgrh gSaA budh

;g idM+&xkaBsa Hkh dHkh&dHkh rhu ehVj eksVh gks tkrh gSaA

fo'kkydk; dsYi vkSj 'kSokyksa ;kuh flokjksa dh vU; çtkfr;ka rFkk dqN tyh; ikS/s nqfu;k esa

ik, tkus okys nwljs ikS/ksa dh rqyuk esa lcls vf/d rsth ls c<+rs gSaA

fo'kkydk; dsYi rks fnu Hkj esa gh 60 ls 70 lsaVhehVj rd c<+ tkrs gSa vkSj bl xfr ls çfr

fnu c<+rs jgrs gSaA blh rjg ehBs ikuh ds rkykcksa vkSj iks[kjksa dks ikV nsus okyk tyh; ikS/k okVj

gk;flaFk ;kuh tydqaHkh çfr gSDVj 25 Vu xhyk ckk;ksekl ;k 800 fdyksxzke futZy lkexzh iSnk dj

nsrk gSA ;wD;wek uked leqæh 'kSoky çfr fnu viuk otu 5 ls 11 çfr'kr rd c<+k ysrs gSaA

50

fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd leqæ esa ftruk tSo mRiknu gksrk gS] mldk 1@2500 Hkkx gh

fiQygky vkneh eNyh vkfn ds :i esa bLrseky dj ikrk gSsA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ekalkgkjh yksx

vf/drj tks eNfy;ka [kkrs gSa] mUgksaus NksVh eNfy;ka [kkbZ gksrh gSa] tks fd çkf.kIyod (twIySaDVu)

dks [kkrh gSa vkSj tks NksVs çkf.kIyod dks [kkrs gSa] tks fd ikni Iyod (iQkbVksIySaDVu) dks [kkrs gSaA

;s Iyod cM+s uUgs&uUgsa rSjus okys çk.kh vkSj ikS/s gksrs gSaA lkxj dh [kk|&J`a[kyk ;k [kk|&tky çk;%

cgqr yack vkSj tfVy gksrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ekuo ds mi;ksx dh n`f"V ls cgqr&lk

leqæ tSo mRiknu csdkj pyk tkrk gSA

[kkus ;ksX; flokjksa dks mxk;k tk, rks [kk|&J`a[kyk dh bu cgqr&lh iQkyrw dfM+;ksa dks dkVk

tk ldrk gS vkSj cM+s egRowi.kZ rjhds ls ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, [kk|&mRiknu c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA

,f'k;k esa] [kklrkSj ls phu vkSj tkiku esa vusd çdkj dh [kkus ;ksX; flokjsa ekuo&vkgkj ds

fy, mxkbZ tk jgh gSaA iwoZ lksfo;r ;wfu;u vkSj ukWosZ esa] vusd çdkj dh flokjsa leqæ ls fudkydj

lq[kkbZ tkrh jgh gSa vkSj mudks ihldj mudk ^vkgkj* cuk;k tkrk gSA bl vkVs dks fiQj McyjksVh

cukus ds lkekU; vkVs ;k eSnk esa feykrs gSaA bl rjg McyjksVh esa vusd iks"kd rRoksa vkSj çksVhu dh

ek=kk c<+ tkrh gSA dSyhiQksfuZ;k ds [kk|&m|ksx esa fo'kkydk; leqæh dsYi ls vyx fd;k x;k

^,fYxu* bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

ysfdu bl rjg ds mi;ksx dh viuh lhek,a gSa] D;ksafd ;s leqæh flokj ftu mFkys leqæksa esa

mxrs gSa] oSls leqæh LFkku cgqr de gSa & 'kk;n dsoy 0-01 çfr'krA leqæh flokjsa /wi ij fuHkZj gksrh

gS] blfy, os leqæ dh lrg ds vklikl gh mxrh gSaA

xka/hoknh vkfo"dkjd lh-oh- 'ks"kkfæ us lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd Hkkjr ds iwjs rVorhZ leqæ ds

mFkys ikuh esa ,slh lknk rSjrh ;qfDr;ka Mky nh tk,a tks eNfy;ksa dks bdV~Bk djus esa enn djsaA blls

51

eNqvkjs igys ls T;knk eNfy;ka idM+ ik,axs vkSj mFkys ikuh esa cM+s&cM+s eNyh idM+us okys tgkt

ugha iQal ik,axsA D;ksafd muds Vªkyj&uSVks dk rSjrh ;qfDr;ksa esa iQalus dk Mj jgsxkA

,d&nwljs ls ,d fdyksehVj tSlh nwjh ij Mkyh xbZ bu rSjrh ;qfDr;ksa dh enn ls djhc 3

djksM+ oxZ fdyksehVj mFkyk leqæ [kkus ;ksX; flokjksa dh [ksrh ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tk ldsxkA de

ls de fl¼kar :i esa rks ;g laHko gSA egk}hih NTts (dksaVhusaVy 'ksYiQ) ds Mwcs gq, fgLls dk

vuqikr iwjs leqæ ds la;qDr {ks=kiQy dk nl çfr'kr cSBrk gS vkSj blh esa leqæ dk lcls vf/d tSo

mRiknu gksrk gSA

eNfy;ksa dks bdV~Bk djus okyh ;qfDr;ka ,d rks uhps ry esa yaxj Mkydj fLFkj j[kuh gksaxha

vkSj nwljs vkil esa jLlksa ls tksM+uh gksaxha] tks cM+k Vs<+k dke gSA jLls bl rjg tksM+us gksaxs fd Åij

rSjsa ugha cfYd 5] 10 ;k 20 ehVj dh xgjkbZ rd Mwcs jgsaA bu jLlksa ls ydM+h ds VqdM+s] ukfj;y dk

[kksy] iRFkj] cM+s leqæh 'ka[k ;k lhih ds [kksy ;k ,slh gh dksbZ pht cka/h tk ldrh gS vkSj [kkus

;ksX; flokjksa dh NksVh&NksVh ikS/ buesa NksM+h tk ldrh gSA ;s cM+s gksaxs] rc jLls lrg ij ykdj bu

flokjksa dk Åijh&Åijh fgLlk dkVk tk ldrk gSA

bl rjhds dk ,d vkSj FkksM+k cnyk gqvk :i Hkh viuk;k tk ldrk gSA bl rjhds dks

Hkkjrh; eNqvkjs eNfy;ksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, bLrseky djrs gSaA blesa iwjk dk iwjk isM+ 'kk[kkvksa

lfgr leqæ&ry esa tek fn;k tkrk gSA isM+ dks pV~Vkuksa esa iQalkdj ry esa [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk gS

vkSj mldk Åijh fljk lrg dh vksj j[kk tkrk gSA bl isM+ dh Vgfu;ksa ij flokjksa dh ikS/ tekbZ

tk ldrh gSa vkSj dqN tyeXu isM+ yxk nsa rks ,d gSDVj ds djhc iQkyrw ^[ksr* flokjksa dh [ksrh ds

fy, fey tk,xkA ;gka ,d gh fnDdr gks ldrh gS fd vxj ikuh T;knk xgjk gqvk rks T;knk yacs

isM+ ykdj tekus gksaxsA

52

ouo`{kksa ls tM+h&cwfV;ka

ekuo&LokLF; dk lh/k laca/ muds vkgkj dh iks"kdrk ls gSA tks yksx larqfyr vkgkj ugha

djrs os Nwr dh chekfj;ksa ds tYnh f'kdkj gksrs gSaA tcfd mudh rqyuk esa iwjk iks"k.k ysus okys

O;fDr vf/d LoLFk jgrs gSaA tc mUuhloha lnh esa ;wjksi esa Hkkstu dh ek=kk vkSj fofo/rk c<+h rks

ogka ds fuokfl;ksa dh] [kklrkSj ls f'k'kqvksa vkSj cPpksa dh e`R;qnj esa ,dne deh gks xbZA blh rjg

ogka risfnd ;k ;{ek (Vh-ch-) ls ejus okyksa dh nj ?kVdj ,d cVs vkB jg xbZA vkSj ;g rc gqvk

tc Vh-ch- dk igyh dkjxj nok LVsªIVksekbflu rc rd [kksth Hkh ugha xbZ FkhA blh rjg [kljs ds

Vhds dh [kkst ls gh igys vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa esa [kljs ds dkj.k f'k'kqvksa dh e`R;q&nj esa Hkkjh deh gks

xbZ Fkh vkSj 1000 esa dsoy 1 f'k'kq dh ekSr [kljs ls gksus ds vklkj jg x,A nwljh vksj eSfDldks

tSls fodkl'khy ns'k esa [kljs ds Vhds ls igys f'k'kqvksa dh e`R;qnj vejhdk dh rqyuk esa 180 xquh

FkhA XokVsekyk esa ;g 268 xquh vkSj bDokMksj esa 480 xquh T;knk FkhA

bl le; iwjh nqfu;k esa 120 djksM+ ds djhc tula[;k Hkw[k ls ihfM+r gSA vxj bueas foVkfeu

rFkk vU; iks"kd rRoksa dh deh ls xzLr vkcknh Hkh tksM+ ysa rks Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k xzLr yksxksa dh

la[;k nks ;k rhu vjc rd tk igqapsxhA o`{k[ksrh ls [kk| mRiknu cgqr c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA o`{kksa

ls izkIr vkgkj ekuo&Hkkstu dh xq.koÙkk Hkh c<+k;sxkA mnkgj.k ds fy, vusd çdkj ds

dan&ewy&iQy] esos vkSj iQfy;ka vkSj [kkus ;ksX; ifÙk;ka Hkh foVkfeu] [kfut rFkk vU; iks"kd rRoksa ls

Hkjs gksrs gSaA iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls foVkfeu&, dk fo'ks"k gh egRo gSA nf{k.k fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa esa

foVkfeu&, dh deh 80 ls 90 çfr'kr cPpksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSaaA ;wusLdks (n ;wukbVsM us'kal fpYMªUl

iQ.M) ds fo'ks"kKksa us vuqeku yxk;k gS fd gj lky 40 ls 50 yk[k cPps lkal dh chekfj;ksa ds

dkj.k ej tkrs gSaA foVkfeu&, dh deh 'olu jksx ls f'k'kqvksa dh ekSr dk [krjk nqxuk c<+k nsrh gSA

fiNys fnukas gh ;g Hkh irk pyk fd foVkfeu&^,* dh deh ls eysfj;k Hkh tYnh tdM+rk gSA

53

ikiqvkU;wfxuh esa ,d ç;ksx esa cPpksa dks foVkfeu&, dh iwjh [kqjkd feys ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k x;kA

blds ckn muesa eysfj;k ls ejus okys cPpksa dh nj 30 çfr'kr rd ?kV xbZA foVkfeu&, dh iwjh

vkiwfrZ dh tk, rks Mk;fj;k (vfrlkj&irys nLr) ls gksus okyh ekSrksa esa Hkh dkiQh deh gks tkrh gSA

foVkfeu&, dh deh vka[kksa ij Hkh cqjk vlj Mkyrh gSA lu~ 1980 ds ckn ds n'kd esa ;g

ik;k x;k fd dksbZ nl yk[k cPps foVkfeu&, dh deh ds dkj.k gj lky thjksÝFkSfYe;k jksx ds

f'kdkj gksdj vka[kksa dh jks'kuh [kks jgs FksA bldh jksdFkke ds fy, ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh Lrj ij

LokLF;&f'k{k.k ds fo'ks"k dk;ZØe pyk, x,] ftudh cnkSyr fLFkfr esa dkiQh lq/kkj gqvkA ysfdu

vc Hkh ,sls gtkjkas cPps gSa tks foVkfeu&^,* dh deh ds dkj.k va/s gks jgs gSaA

bl le; nqfu;k esa ftrus Hkh [kkus ds rsy bLrseky fd, tk jgs gSa] muesa ls vf/drj

LokLF; ds fy, gkfudj gSaA muesa lai`Dr (lspqjsVsM) olk vf/d gksrh gS] tks fd ân; okfgdkvksa ds

jksx iSnk djrh gSA

b/j vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa esa rks vkgkj vkSj LokLF; ds vkilh laca/ ds ckjs esa dkiQh tkx:drk

vkbZ gS] ysfdu vf/drj ,f'k;kbZ] vizQhdh vkSj ySfVu vejhdh ns'kksa esa [krjukd i'kqtU; olk dh

[kir c<+ jgh gSA

fo'o LokLF; laxBu (WHO) us fglkc yxk;k gS fd vxj ;s #[k ugha cnysxk rks ,f'k;k]

vizQhdk vkSj nf{k.k vejhdh ns'kksa esa lu~ 2020 rd ân;fodkjksa ls okf"kZd e`R;qnj 140 yk[k rd

igqap tk,xhA buesa ls vf/drj yksx vle; esa gh dky&dofyr gks tk,axsA

,sls cgqr ls o`{k gSa ftuls feyus okys iQy vkSj esok vf/d LokLF;çn eksuks&vulSpqjsVsM

olk cukus esa bLrseky fd, tk ldrs gSaA bl rjg ds [kkus ds rsy ân;fodkj iSnk djus dh ctk;

mudh jksdFkke djrs gSaA bu isM+ksa esa tSrwu] voksdkMks] ek:yk vkSj eksaxksxks 'kkfey gSaA

54

foVkfeu vkSj vU; iks"kd rRoksa ds vykok iQyksa esa vkgkj yk;d js'kk Hkh [kwc gksrk gSA ;g

fl¼ gks pqdk gS fd ;fn Hkkstu esa vf/d js'kk fy;k tk, rks dbZ rjg ds dSaljksa dk [krjk Vy tkrk

gSA ftl vkgkj esa vf/d iQy gksa] mlls ân; fodkj gksus dh xaqtkb'k Hkh cgqr de jg tkrh gSA

jklk;fud ;kSfxdksa dk ,d oxZ gS tks ,.Vh&vkWDlhMs.V dgykrk gSA bls vukWDlhdkjd Hkh

dg ldrs gSaA budh ekStwnxh ls gekjs 'kjhj esa vusd gkfudkjd jklk;fud fØ;k,a ugha gksus ikrhaA

,slk irk pyk gS fd bu ,.Vh&vkWDlhMs.V ;kSfxdksa ds dkj.k ân;fodkj vkSj dSalj dk ladV csgn

?kV tkrk gSA ;ksa rks gekjs 'kjhj esa Hkh ,.Vh&vkWDlhMs.V curs gSa] ysfdu ge vius vkgkj ls Hkh bu

LokLF;çn ;kSfxdksa dks xzg.k dj ldrs gSaA ikS/ksa ls tks ,.Vh&vkWDlhMs.V iSnk gksrs gSa] mudks

ÝysoksukWbM dgrs gSaA vusd iQy vkSj iQfy;ka rFkk lfCt;ka vkSj jSMokbu esa ÝysokukWbM [kwc gksrs gSaA

bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd budks vius [kku&iku esa 'kkfey djus ls ge ân;&fodkjksa vkSj dSalj ls

cp ldrs gSaA

vusd jksxk.kq vkSj jksxk.kqokgd çnwf"kr ikuh esa iyrs gSaA bl ikuh dks is;ty ds :i esa

bLrseky djus ls gj lky ,d djksM+ ds djhc ekSrsa gksrh gSaA dbZ ckj ikuh dh xanxh dqN dqnjrh

rjhdksa ls nwj dh tk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, eksfjaxk vksbyhiQsjk ;kuh lgtu dh iQfy;ksa ds chtksa

;k jsfxLrkuh [ktwj (cSysukbV~l bZftfIVvkdk & Belanites egyptiaca) ds cht vusd vizQhdh dchyksa

esa blh dke ds fy, bLrseky fd, tkrs gSaA nqfu;k ds nwljs Hkkxksa esa Hkh bu rduhdksa dk bLrseky

fd;k tk ldrk gS] tgka vkt Hkh yksx ihus ds 'kq¼ ty ds fy, rjlrs jgrs gSaA nwljk rjhdk ;g gS

fd ikuh dks mckydj BaMk djds fi;k tk,A blds fy, yksxksa dks lksyj dqdj fey tk,a tks vPNk

gksA ;k fiQj nwljk dksbZ lLrk bZa/u feys ftlls os ikuh mcky ldsaA

ydM+h vkSj ikS/&lkexzh dk bZa/u ds :i esa bLrseky djus dk lsgr ls cM+k xgjk laca/ gSA

de ls de nl yk[k lkyksa ls vkneh vkSj mlds iqj[ks Hkkstu idkus ds fy, ydM+h tykrs jgs gSaA

55

vc Hkh nqfu;k esa dksbZ rhu vjc yksx Hkkstu idkus ds fy, ydM+h] iqvky ;k xkscj ds daMs tykrs

gSaA buesa ls ,d pkSFkkbZ yksx Hkkjr esa jgrs gSaA

Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh Hkkstu idkus ds fy, ydM+h vkSj xkscj ds daMs pwYgksa esa tyk, tkrs gSaA

buls /qavk fudyrk gS] tks lh/k vka[kksa esa tkrk gS vkSj vusd çdkj ds us=kfodkj iSnk djrk gSA

cPpksa vkSj vkSjrksa esa xys vkSj lkal dh chekfj;ka Hkh gks tkrh gSA iQsiQM+ksa dk vkSj nwljs dSalj Hkh gks

ldrs gSaA fueksfu;k vkSj vLFkek tSlh lkal dh chekjh Hkh yx ldrh gSA ,d chekjh gS lkal dh

,fEiQlhek] ftlesa iQsiQM+s brus detksj gks tkrs gSa fd jksxh iQwad ekjdj ekfpl dh rhyh Hkh ugha

cq>k ldrkA blh rjg /qavk isQiQM+ksa dk risfnd (Vh-ch-) vkSj ân;&jksx Hkh iSnk dj ldrk gSA

xHkZorh efgykvksa ds xHkZLFk f'k'kq ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+rk gSA uotkr f'k'kq dk otu de gks ldrk

gS] ejk gqvk f'k'kq iSnk gks ldrk gS ;k tUers gh f'k'kq dh e`R;q gks ldrh gSA Hkkjr eas bl leL;k ls

fuiVus ds fy, lq/js pwYgs] xkscj&xSl] ck;ksxSl rFkk lksyj dqdj vkfn dk çpkj&çlkj djus ds

ç;kl fd, x, gSaA

usiky esa BaMs igkM+h ftys tqeyk ds xkaoksa esa ,d losZ{k.k fd;k x;k rks irk pyk fd ogka

?kjksa esa /qa, dk vkSlr vuqikr cgqr vf/d gSA f'k'kq&e`R;q&nj 1000 esa 490 rd igqaph gqbZ gS vkSj

buesa ls 335 mxz 'okl&fodkjksa ds dkj.k gh tku xaokrs gSaA vR;f/d Åaph f'k'kq e`R;q&nj dks

tykÅ ydM+h ds /qa, ls gh tksM+k tk jgk gSA if'peh Hkkjr esa fd, x, ,d vè;;u ls irk pyk gS

fd xHkZorh fL=k;ksa ij bl /qa, dk bruk cqjk vlj gksrk gS fd f'k'kq ejk gqvk iSnk gks] bldk [krjk

50 çfr'kr c<+ tkrk gSA usiky esa 15 çfr'kr efgykvksa dks fpjdkjh 'okljksx (Øksfud czksadkbfVl)

dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+k] tcfd ;s efgyk,a chM+h&flxjsV ugha ihrh FkhaA

fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds vuqlkj /weziku ds dkj.k xHkZorh fL=k;ksa esa de otu ds f'k'kq iSnk

gksus dk [krjk nqxuk c<+ tkrk gSA ;s cPps thou ds çFke o"kZ esa gh ekSr dh uhan lks tk,a] ;g ladV

56

Hkh buesa frxquk&pkSxquk gksrk gSA tc chM+h&flxjsV dk /qavk bruk uqdlku dj ldrk gS rks dksbZ

dkj.k ugha gS fd xHkZLFk f'k'kq dks pwYgksa ls fudyus okyk /qavk oSlk gh uqdlku u igqapkrk gksA

,d vkdyu ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa ydM+h&daMs ds /qa, ls gksus okys ?kjsyw çnw"k.k ds dkj.k gj

lky 9 yk[k ls 36 yk[k ekSrsa gksrh gSaA ,d vkSj vè;;u ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds 'kgjksa esa ok;q&çnw"k.k

ls 40]000 ls 50]000 ekSrsa gj lky gks tkrh gSaA pwYgksa ls fudyk /qavk çfro"kZ 22 yk[k ekSrksa ds

fy, ftEesnkj Bgjk;k x;k gSA ckdh rhu&pkSFkkbZ yksxksa esa tks [kkuk idkus ds fy, tykÅ ydM+h dk

bLrseky djrs gSa] muesa Hkh nqfu;kHkj esa LokLF; ij blh rjg dk cqjk vlj utj vkrk gSA bl rjg

tykÅ ydM+h dk /qavk fo'o&LokLF; ds fy, cgqr cM+k [krjk cuk gqvk gSA

phu esa T;knkrj yksx NksVh&NksVh vaxhfB;ksa ;k flxfM+;ksa ij [kkuk idkrs gSaA buesa pkjdksy dh

ctk; lkekU; dks;yk tyk;k tkrk gSA ftl rjg dk uqdlku pwYgksa esa tykbZ tk jgh ydM+h dk

/qavk djrk gS] oSlk gh cfYd mlls Hkh xgjk uqdlku dks;ys dk /qavk djrk gSA blds ckotwn lkjh

nqfu;k esa 99 çfr'kr vuqla/ku vkSj fu;a=k.k ds mik; ckgjh gok esa çnw"k.k jksdus ij dsfUær gSa]

ftlls fo'o dh dsoy 40 çfr'kr vkcknh gh çHkkfor gksrh gSA

?kjksa esa /qa, ls iSnk ok;q&çnw"k.k dks jksdus dk ljy vkSj lLrk mik; gS lq/js pwYgsA bu pwYgksa

ds lkFk /qa, dks ?kj ls ckgj Åij gok esa NksM+us ds fy, fpeuh yxh gksrh gSA ;s pwYgs Hkh feV~Vh ds

gh cus gksrs gSa exj fMtkbu ,slh cukbZ xbZ gS fd de ydM+h tykuh iM+rh gS vkSj mlh ls T;knk

vkx iSnk gks tkrh gS vkSj [kkuk tYnh id tkrk gSA jlksbZ esa gok vkus&tkus ds fy, jks'kunku cuk

nsa] rks mlls Hkh cM+k iQdZ iM+sxkA Hkkjrh; oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj ;fn ,d oxZ ehVj ds vkdkj dk

Nr esa jks'kunku gks] tks Hkkstu idkrs le; [kksy fn;k tk,] rks 90 çfr'kr /qavk ckgj fudy tk,xkA

bldk ,d vkSj rjhdk ;g gks ldrk gS fd vPNh fdLe dh tykÅ ydM+h iSnk dh tk,A

;g rjhdk lLrk Hkh iM+sxkA lcls cqjk fodYi gS fd daMs vkSj cgqr NksVh Vgfu;ka vkSj MafM;ka tykbZ

57

tk,aA tc tyrh vkx dk rkieku de gksrk gS rks vf/d tgjhys ;kSfxd iSnk gksrs gSaA blfy, xkscj

tykuk Hkh dksbZ csgrj fodYi ugha gSaA blls d`f"k&mRiknu ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+sxk] D;ksafd xkscj dh

[kkn feV~Vh dks mitkÅ cukdj iQlyksa dh iSnkokj c<+krh gSA

lgh tykÅ ydM+h bLrseky dh tk, rks og /qavk de nsxh vkSj xkscj ds daMksa vkSj Vgfu;ksa

rFkk MafM;ksa dh rqyuk esa de tgjhys jlk;u iSnk djsxhA dqN isM+ksa dh ydfM+;ka nwljh çtkfr;ksa dh

rqyuk esa tykÅ ydM+h ds :i esa vPNh ikbZ xbZ gSaA mudh ydM+h lkiQ rkSj ij tyrh gS vkSj de

/qavk NksM+rh gSA ysfdu mÙke fdLe dh tykÅ ydM+h xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, eagxh iM+sxhA bl

leL;k dk vkaf'kd gy ;g gks ldrk gS fd mPp xq.koÙkk dh tykÅ ydM+h okys isM+ cM+s iSekus ij

mxk, tk,aA ;kuh mUgsa Hkh o`{k[ksrh esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,A

pkjdksy Hkh ydM+h dh ctk; de [krjukd jlk;u iSnk djrk gSA vf/drj gkfudkjd /qavk

vkSj tgjhys ;kSfxd pkjdksy cukus dh çfØ;k esa iSnk gksrs gSaA tykrs le; rks pkjdksy dkiQh liQkbZ

ls tyrk gS] gkykafd vxj iwjh rjg vkx ugha HkM+dh rks ;g dkcZu eksuksDlkbM feyk gqvk vkSj Hkh

T;knk fo"kSyk /qavk NksM+rk gSA

ysfdu tykÅ ydM+h ds eqdkcys pkjdksy eagxk gSA nwljh leL;k ;g gS fd feV~Vh dh cuh

ftu HkfV~V;ksa esa pkjdksy cuk;k tkrk gS] muesa ydM+h dh 90 çfr'kr ÅtkZ rks ;ksa gh u"V gks tkrh

gSA bl cjcknh dh vkaf'kd iwfrZ blls gks tkrh gS fd pkjdksy ydM+h dh ctk; csgrj tykÅ bZa/u

gSA ;g vPNh rjg tyrk gS] blfy, ydM+h dh rqyuk esa de rknkn esa bLrseky djus ij Hkh vf/d

xehZ iSnk djrk gS vkSj vkfFkZd n`f"V ls iQk;ns dk lkSnk gSA blesa cjcknh nqxuh ls frxquh rd de

gksrh gSA vxj pkjdksy cukus esa lq/jh HkfV~V;ka bLrseky dh tk,a rks ydM+h dh ÅtkZ dk 70 çfr'kr

rd pkjdksy esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu pkjdksy cukus okys Hkh xjhc gSa vkSj lq/jh HkfV~V;ksa dk

58

[kpZ ugha mBk ldrsA bl foMEcuk ls cpus dk ,d jkLrk ;g gS fd lq/jh HkfV~V;ka lLrh cukbZ

tk,aA

tu&LokLF; dh n`f"V ls ck;ksxSl] ck;ksMhty ;k lksyj dqdj [kkuk idkus ds fy, lcls

vPNs fodYi gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ^uhik ike* ls çfro"kZ çfr gSDVj 11000 fyVj ck;ksMhty iSnk

fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, ;g fiQj Hkh eagxk gh iM+sxkA nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa ,d

ifjokj dh t:jr ds yk;d ck;ksxSl la;a=k yxkus ij 8&10]000 #i;s dk [kpZ vkrk gS (vejhdh

Mkyj 200)A ;g Hkh de vkenuh okys xjhcksa ds fy, eagxk gSA fo;ruke esa ck;ksxSl ds cM+s lLrs

vkSj dkjxj ekWMy cuk, x, gSa ftudk [kpZ vejhdh Mkyj 20 ;kuh 90 #i;s ls T;knk ugha cSBrkA

;s ck;ksxSl la;a=k vly esa cM+s&cM+s] IykfLVd ds FkSys gksrs gSa ftuesa xkscj vkSj ekuo ds ey&ew=k ds

vykok jlksbZ dk Nhtu] iQlyksa ds vo'ks"k vkSj vU; ikS/ lkexzh Hkh bLrseky dh tk ldrh gSA

lksyj dqdj rks vkSj Hkh lLrs iM+rs gSaA buds dbZ ekWMy ,sls gSa tks 20 ls 40 vejhdh Mkyj

esa gh] ;kuh 100&200 #i;ksa esa gh cu tkrs gSaA ysfdu ,slk Hkh lksyj dqdj cuk;k tk ldrk gS]

ftl ij cl ,d #i;s dk [kpZ vk,A bl rjg dk lksyj dqdj cukus ds fy, cl dqN dhpM+]

fpduh feV~Vh ;k xkscj dh t:jr iM+sxhA bls cM+h r'rjh dk vkdkj nsdj lq[kk yksA blds vykok

vyqfefu;e dh iQkWby ;kuh iUuh vkSj xksan dh t:jr iM+sxhA r'rjhuqek feV~Vh ds crZu ds vanj

vyqfefu;e dh iUuh dks fpidk nsaA blds chp esa Mksjh ;k rkjksa ls dksbZ Hkh crZu ftlesa pkoy ;k

nky idkuk gks yVdk nsaA /wi esa j[k nsaA lwjt dh fdj.ksa vkr'kh 'kh'ks dh rjg chp esa yVds crZu

ij dsfUær gksaxha vkSj mls xje dj nsaxhaA

59

vè;k;&2 % xjekrh /jrh dk

ikjk p<+us ls jksdsaxs isM+

ekuo ds Hkfo"; ds fy, /jrh dk xjekuk (Xykscy okfeZax) ,d cM+k [krjk curk tk jgk

gSA tyok;q&oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM] ehFksu vkSj vU; xzhugkml xSlsa fo'o ds

rkieku dks 21oha lnh esa Ms<+ ls Ng fMxzh lsfYl;l rd c<+k ldrh gSaA

b.Vjus'kuy iSuy vkWu DykbesV psat (vkb-ih-lh-lh-) fo'o dh tyok;q esa ifjorZu dk

fo'ys"k.k djds vkSj /jrh ds xjekus ij gks jgs vuqla/ku dk leUo; djds vf/d`r oSKkfud fu"d"kZ

fudkyus okyh tyok;q ifjorZu dh varjkZ"Vªh; ukfedk gSA blds fo'ks"kKksa dk er gS fd Åaps rkieku

ls vxys 500 o"kksZa esa leqæ dk Lrj lkr ls 13 ehVj rd Åapk mB ldrk gSA ;fn leqæ ds Lrj esa

vkt ds eqdkcys 10 ehVj dh c<+ksrjh gks xbZ rks yxHkx 100 yk[k oxZ fdyksehVj tehu Mwc tk,xh

vkSj fo'o ds vf/drj mitkÅ [ksrksa esa ck<+ vk tk,xhA nqfu;k ds vk/s yksx vkSj vk/s edku Mwc

tk,axsA gekjs vf/drj egkuxj tyeXu gks tk,axsA

leqæ dh lrg Åaph D;ksa mBsxh\ blds nks dkj.k crk, tk jgs gSa % ,d rks gS leqæ dk ikuh

xeZ gksdj iQSysxk vkSj nwljk gS xzhuySaM vkSj if'peh ,aVkdZfVdk ds fgeunksa dk fi?kyukA vkbZ-ih-lh-

lh- ds vuqlkj xje gksus ls ikuh dk iQSyko gksus ds dkj.k ^xzhugkml xSlksa ds mRltZu dh nj esa

fLFkjrk ykus ds ckn Hkh leqæ dk Lrj Åapk mBrk jgsxkA* blesa dksbZ 1000 o"kZ yxsaxs] tc leqæ dh

lrg dh xjeh mlds rys rd igqap tk,xh] ysfdu blh chp vxyh lnh ds fy, xjeh esa vuqekfur

c<+r gh bruh dkiQh gksxh fd leqæ dh lrg dks pkj ehVj Åapk mBk nsA

nwljh leL;k gS fgeunksa dhA vkbZ-ih-lh-lh- ds oSKkfudksa dk vuqeku gS fd xzhuyS.M eas

vkSlr rkieku esa 207 fMxzh lsfYl;l dh c<+r gh mldh oiQZ dh pknj dks xykus ds fy, dkiQh

60

gSA ciQZ ,d ckj fi?kyuh 'kq: gqbZ rks fiQ mls okil tekuk vlaHko gSA blls leqæ dk Lrj vxys

1000 o"kksZa esa lkr ;k vkB ehVj Åapk mB tk,xkA

dqN 'kks/drkZvksa dk nkok gS fd if'peh ,aVkdZfVdk dh ciQZ dh pknj esa vfLFkjrk ds ladsr

fey jgs gSaA mixzg ls izkIr rktkrjhu rlohjksa ls irk pyrk gS fd if'peh ,aVkdZfVdk dk lcls cM+k

Xysf'k;j (fgeun) &^ikbu vkbyS.M Xysf'k;j* & vHkh ls ftl rsth ls fi?ky jgk gS] ml rsth ls

fgeikr mldh ciQZ dh pknj dks fiQj ls mruk eksVk ugha dj ik,xkA vxj ;g Xysf'k;j blh nj ls

fi?kyrk jgk] rks 600 o"kksZa esa leqæ ds Lrj dks ikap ehVj vkSj Hkh Åij p<+k nsxk vkSj ;g ikap ehVj

tqM+ tk,xk] leqæ&ty ds xehZ ls gq, foLrkj esa vkSj xzhuyS.M dh ciQZ ds fi?kyus esaA

vxj ekSle oSKkfudksa dh ;s [krjukd Hkfo";okf.k;ka lp fudyrh gSa] rks vxys 1000 ;k

10]000 o"kksZa ds fy, p<+rk gqvk leqæ nqfu;k dh xjhch dks vkSj Hkh xgjk dj nsxk vkSj fLFkj dj

nsxkA tc leqæ p<+us ls rVorhZ {ks=kksa ds vehj yksx Åij ds bykdksa dh vksj pys tk,axs vkSj [ksrh

;ksX; vPNh tehuksa vkSj lqjf{kr LFkkuksa esa ?kj clk ysaxs] rks xjhc yksx etcwjh esa rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa gh

tek gksdj dqnjr dh ekj lgrs jgsaxs vkSj leqæh rwiQkuksa dks >syrs jgsaxsA bu {ks=kksa esa dksbZ vkSj Hkyk

D;ksa tk,xkA tSls&tSls leqæ p<+sxk vehj rVorhZ cfLr;ka [kkyh djsaxs vkSj xjhc muesa tk clsaxs vkSj

vius iqjkus clsjs vkSj tks Hkh tehu&tk;nkn gksxh mls ihNs NksM+ nsaxsA vehj yksx mudks [kjhn ysaxsA

caXykns'k esa dksbZ 100 yksx yk[k vkt Hkh blh rjg dk thou th jgs gSaA lcls xjhc ifjokj

/Dds [kkrs&[kkrs mu tehuksa ij xqtkjk dj jgs gSa ftUgsa gj lky jkLrk cnyrh ufn;ksa dh ck<+ fuxy

ysrh gS vkSj nsj&lcsj ges'kk ds fy, fuxy ysxhA dbZ ckj rks ,d ifjokj nl&nl ckj txg cnyus

ds fy, etcwj gks tkrk gSA gj txg os ubZ >kasiM+h cukrs gSaA mlesa mudh cpr dk lkjk iSlk Mwc

tkrk gS] D;ksafd >ksaiM+h dks Hkh Mwcuk gh gSaA

61

dqN Åaph txg ij cls bykds Hkh nsj&lcsj ,slh gh =kklnh ls xqtjsaxsA ekSle ds rsoj fnuksafnu

mxz gksrs tk,axsA dHkh ck<+ vkSj dHkh lw[kk vkSj Hkh tYnh&tYnh lrkus yxsaxsA rwiQku vkSj pØokrksa dk

vuqikr nl xquk c<+ ldrk gS vkSj blds fy, i`Foh ds vkSlr rkieku esa dsoy 5 fMxzh lsfYl;l

dh c<+ksrjh pkfg,A Åapk rkieku bu rwiQkuksa vkSj pØokrksa dh xfr dks vkSj Hkh rst c<+k nsxk vkSj

buls gksus okys uqdlku esa 50 ls 60 çfr'kr rd dh c<+ksrjh gks tk,xhA tks ns'k bl le; gj lky

bu ekSleh mRikrksa dk lkeuk djrs gSa] muds fy, ;g cM+h cqjh [kcj gSA ,d ckj Hkkjh rwiQku ;k

pØokr geyk cksy ns rks vxys nfl;ksa lkyksa rd ds fy, ml bykds dh vFkZO;oLFkk /jk'kk;h gks

tkrh gSA xjekrh /jrh mM+hlk ds egkpØokr dh rjg vR;ar fouk'kd rwiQku mBkrh jgsxhA

leqæ ds Lrj dh c<+ksrjh ds lkFk gh xjekrh /jrh dh lcls xgjh pksV ;g iM+sxh fd m".k

dfVca/ vkSj miks".k dfVca/ ds bykds lw[k tk,axsA gkykafd cjlkr T;knk gksus dh mEehn gS] fiQj Hkh

Mj gS fd xje gksdj ikuh dh Hkki cudj mM+us dh ?kVuk vkSj Hkh rst gks tk,xhA ,d vkdyu ds

vuqlkj ;fn /jrh ds xjekus esa pkj fMxzh lsfYl;l dh vkSlr c<+ksrjh gqbZ rks o"kkZ esa vkSlru 12

çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh gksxh] ysfdu lkFk gh m".kdfVca/ vkSj miks".kdfVca/ ds bykdksa esa ok"ihdj.k 30

çfr'kr rd c<+ tk,xkA blls iwjk [krjk gS fd iQlyksa dh iSnkokj csgn ?kV tk,xh vkSj fdlkuksa dks

,slh iQlysa viukuh gksaxha] ftUgsa mxkus esa ikuh T;knk ugha yxkuk iM+rkA

vkbZ-ih-lh-lh- dh nwljh jiV esa crk;k x;k gS fd xeZ HkqYdksa esa lw[ks ls uhy unh dk ikuh

75 çfr'kr ?kV tk,xk vkSj feJ (bZftIV) vkSj mlds iM+kslh ns'kksa esa rckgh ep tk,xhA Hkkjr]

ikfdLrku vkSj phu dh Hkh cM+h&cM+h ufn;ksa dk & fla/q unh lfgr & ;gh gky gksxk D;ksafd

ok"ihdj.k dh nj cgqr c<+ tk,xhA

62

,d vkSj Hkkjh ladV eaMjk jgk gSA og gS fgeky; ds fgeunksa ds fi?kyus dkA gkykafd

fgeky; ds fgeunksa esa bruh ciQZ ugha gS fd muds fi?kyus ls leqæksa dk Lrj p<+ tk,] ysfdu mudh

ciQZ fi?kyh rks nwljh rjg ds nq"ifj.kke gksaxsA

fgeky; ds fgeun fi?kyus 'kq: gks x, gSa vkSj blh rjg fi?kyrs jgs] rks vf/drj ,f'k;k

dh ty&vkiwfrZ xM+cM+k tk,xhA ;s fgeky; ds fgeun gh gS ftudk ikuh xfeZ;ksa esa vkSj o"kkZdky esa

fla/q] xaxk] ehdksax] ;kaXRlh] g~okaxgks bR;kfn vusd cM+h ufn;ksa dh I;kl cq>krk gS vkSj cnys esa os

[ksrksa] cfLr;ksa vkSj dkj[kkuksa dh I;kl cq>krh gSaA

,slk [krjk crk;k tk jgk gS fd vxys 35 lkyksa esa vdsys fgeky; dk fgeun {ks=k gh ,d

cVs ikap xquk fldqM+ tk,xkA ;kuh 100]000 oxZ fdyksehVj fldqM+sxkA fiNys 50 o"kksZa esa gh fgeky;

ds 15000 fgeun xk;c gks x, gSaA Hkkjr dh egkure ifo=k unh xaxk dks ikuh nsus okyk fgeky; dk

xaxks=kh fgeun çfro"kZ 30 ehVj dh xfr ls fldqM+ jgk gSA lu~ 1935 ls 1950 ds chp blds

fldqM+us dh xfr ek=k 18 ehVj çfro"kZ FkhA mlls Hkh ihNs tk,a rks lu~ 1842 ls 1935 ds chp ;gh

xaxks=kh Xysf'k;j 7 ehVj çfro"kZ dh nj ls xy jgk FkkA fgeky; dk gh fiaMkjh Xysf'k;j rks vkSj Hkh

rst jÝrkj ls ihNs f[kld jgk gS & 135 ehVj çfr o"kZA Hkkjrh; HkwxHkZ&oSKkfudksa us fglkc yxk;k gS

fd lu~ 2030 rd fgeky; ls fudyus okyh vf/drj ufn;ksa esa lw[ks ekSle esa pqYyw Hkj ikuh Hkh

ugha gksxkA bu ufn;ksa esa xaxk] ;equk vkSj fla/q Hkh 'kkfey gSaA

;s cM+h Mjkouh Hkfo";okf.k;ka gSa] D;ksafd nf{k.k ,f'k;k] nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj phu esa Hkwty

ds lalk/u Hkh cM+h rsth ls fldqM+rs tk jgs gSaA

xeZ ns'kksa ij ,d vkSj vkiQr vk,xh chekfj;ksa dh] tks fd xehZ c<+us ij c<+rh gSaA mnkgj.k

ds fy, /jrh ds xjekus ls eysfj;k dh lcls [krjukd fdLe ds f'kdkj cuus okys ejhtksa dh la[;k

esa Hkkjh c<+ksrjh gksxhA eysfj;k iSnk djus okyk lcls [krjukd ijthoh IykLeksfM;e iQkYlhisje cM+h

63

rsth ls c<+ ldrk gSA ,slh gh mxzrk f'kLVkslksfe;kfll dk jksx Hkh /kj.k dj ldrk gSA iQkYlhisje

eysfj;k ds dkj.k çfro"kZ 30 yk[k yksx rks iwjh nqfu;k esa vHkh ls ejus yxs gSaA ;g fLFkfr fnuksafnu

'kkspuh; gksrh tk jgh gS] D;ksafd eysfj;k ijthoh dh vf/drj çtkfr;ka nokjks/h gksrh tk jgh gSaA

mu ij fdlh Hkh çpfyr nok dk vlj ugha gksrkA blds fy, ;g ijthoh viuk :i cnydj

u,&u, foHksn iSnk dj jgk gSA ;gh ugha tks ,ukfiQyht ePNj dh eknk bl ijthoh dks iQSykrh gS]

og Hkh bruh <hB gks xbZ gS dSlh Hkh yk[k dksf'k'kksa ls ugha ejrhA

f'kLVkslksfe;kfll Hkh ,slk laØked jksx gS tks nqfu;k Hkj esa 25 djksM+ ds djhc yksxksa dks

lrkrk gS vkSj vf/drj jksxh blds dkj.k LFkk;h :i ls vlgk; gks tkrs gSaA vHkh ,f'k;k] vizQhdk

vkSj ySfVu vejhdk ds vusd Hkkx bl ds çdksi ls cps gq, gSa] D;ksafd tkM+ksa esa ;gka dk rkieku

bruk de gks tkrk gS fd bl jksx dks iSnk djus okyk f'kLVkslksek ijthoh ftank gh ugha jgrkA ysfdu

/jrh xjekus ds ckn tYnh gh gkykr mlds vuqdwy gks tk,axsA

vkbZ-ih-lh-lh- ds vuqlkj /jrh 0-6 fMxzh lsfYl;l rd rks vHkh viuk vkSlr rkieku c<+k

gh pqdh gSA ;g iQkWfly bZa/uksa dks tyus ls iSnk gksus okyh xzhugkml&xSlksa vkSj xeZ eqYdksa dh taxyksa

dh rckgh ds dkj.k gqvk gSA ;g vlj vHkh vk/k gh gS] D;ksafd ge fodkl ds uke ij

dkcZuMkbvkWDlkbM vkSj xzhugkml xSlksa dk ok;qe.My esa mRltZu c<+kus dk iwjk bartke dj pqds gSaA

vkbZ-ih-lh-lh- us iwjk fglkc yxk fy;k gS fd gok esa tgjhyh xSlsa fdruh ek=kk esa NksM+us ij

/jrh dk ikjk fdrus fnuksa esa fdrus Åij p<+sxkA ysfdu xjekrh /jrh dk iwjk vlj eglwl gksus esa

dqN le; yx ldrk gS] D;ksafd leqæ dk ikuh /hjs&/hjs xje gksrk gS vkSj iwjh rjg xje gksus esa

vf/d le; yxkrk gSA xuher gS fd leqæ dk fetkt ,slk BaMk gSA

64

fiQj Hkh gkyr ;g gS fd vxj ge xzhugkml xSlksa dk mRltZu fcYdqy can Hkh dj nsa] rks Hkh

gekjh /jrh geus igys gh tks djrwrsa dj j[kha gSa] mUgha dh cnkSyr 0-60 ls- rd rks viuk rkieku

c<+k gh ysxhA

,d vkSj Mjkouh vk'kadk ;g gS fd xzhugkml çHkko fnu&nwuk&jkr pkSxquk Hkh c<+ ldrk gSA

vHkh rd leqæ] feV~Vh] ihVHkwfe;ka] ueHkwfe;ka] taxy vkSj tehu xzhugkml xSlksa ds ,d cM+s fgLls dks

vius vanj lks[krs jgs gSaA blls /jrh ds xjekus dh çfØ;k /heh pyh gSA ysfdu vc vusd

oSKkfudksa us vk'kadk çdV dh gS fd vxj tyok;q esa vf/d ifjorZu gqvk vkSj /jrh T;knk xje gks

xbZ rks xjekus dh çfØ;k gh blesa vkSj Hkh rsth ys vk,xhA

gks ldrk gS fd tks leqæ bl le; gj jkst <sj lkjk dkcZu lks[k ysrs gSa] os gh vf/d xeZ

gksus ij mYVs gok esa dkcZuMkbvkWDlkbM NksM+uk 'kq: dj nsaA blh rjg dk vlj feV~Vh Hkh fn[kk

ldrh gS vkSj dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM ds mRltZu dk u;k lzksr cu ldrh gSA vxj mÙkjh v{kka'kksa esa

ciQZ ls <dk {ks=k de gks x;k rks oiQZ Hkh mYVk vlj fn[kk ldrh gSA pednkj liQsn ciQZ lwjt dh

fdj.ksa okil ok;qe.My esa ijkofrZr dj ldrh gSA

bl rjg ls ml le; cM+h dfBukbZ iSnk gksxh] tc ;g ,d nq'pØ cu tk,xkA egklkxjksa ls

vkSj Hkh vf/d dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM NksM+h tk,xh rks xzhugkml çHkko c<+sxk vkSj leqæ dh lrg vkSj

Hkh T;knk xje gksxhA ;kuh vkSj Hkh T;knk dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM NksM+h tk,xhA

egk}hih; 'ksYiQ ;k osfndk ds <ykuksa vkSj leqæ ds ry dk cgqr&lk fgLlk dhpM+ ls <dk

gSA bldh vkSlru eksVkbZ dqN lSdM+s ehVj gSA dHkh&dHkh] dgha&dgha nks fdyksehVj Hkh gks tkrh gSA

bl dhpM+ esa dkcZu dh vkSlru ek=kk vkB çfr'kr gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd tc ls i`Foh ij

thou dk mn~Hko gqvk] rc ls ysdj vc rd dkcZu dk fo'kky HkaMkj bl leqæh dhpM+ esa dSn gSA

nqHkkZX;o'k bl tSo dkcZu dk vf/dka'k dhpM+ dh ijrksa esa ftl Lo:i esa fyiVk gS] og dkiQh

65

[krjukd gSA bl leqæxr dhpM+ ds vanj vly esa ehFksu xSl Hkjh gqbZ gS & oiQZ ls <dhA ,sls

;kSfxdksa dks ehFksu gkbMªsV ;k ehFksu dSYFkszV dgrs gSaA :lh oSKkfudksa us leqæ esa O;kikfjd ÅtkZ dh

[kkst djrs&djrs vpkud gh dqN n'kd igys bu DySFkzsV&fu{ksiksa dk irk yxk;k FkkA

fdlh dks lgh&lgh ugha ekywe fd ;s ehFksu DySFkzsV HkaMkj fdrus cM+s gSaA de ls de crkus

okys Hkh budh ek=kk 10]000 vjc ehfVªd Vu rks crkrs gh gSaA ysfdu blls Åij okyk vkadM+k budks

1000 xquk c<+kdj crkrk gSA fLFkfr ;g gS fd U;wure vkadM+k Hkh bl le; /jrh vkSj ok;qe.My esa

ekStwn ehFksu ls 2000 xquk T;knk gS vkSj dkcZuMkb vkWDlkbM dh ok;qe.My esa ekStwn ek=kk ls 15

xquk vf/d cSBrk gSA ;g cgqr gh fparktud fLFkfr gS] D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds eqdkcys

xzhugkml çHkko c<+kus okyh xSl ds :i esa ehFksu 63 xquh vf/d dkjxj gSA vxj leqæry dh ;g

dhpM+ xeZ gks xbZ vkSj viuh ciQhZyh dks[k fi?kykdj ehFksu xSl NksM+us yxh rks cl ;ksa lef>, fd

xtc gks tk,xkA

:lh oSKkfudksa us ;g psrkouh Hkh ns nh gS fd ;g Hk;adj çfØ;k vks[kksRl ds leqæ esa 'kq:

gks pqdh gS] tgka leqæ&ry ls lSdM+ks ehVj yacs&pkSM+s ehFksu ds xksys&ls cqycqyksa dh rjg leqæ dh

lrg ij vkrs tk jgs gSaA ;g lk[kkfyu }hi ds ikl ds leqæ esa gks jgs gSaA oSKkfud vè;;uksa ds

vuqlkj dksbZ 8000 lky igys 5600 ?ku fdyksehVj ds djhc ehFksu ;qDr dhpM+ egk}hih; <yku ls

yq<+drh gqbZ 800 fdyksehVj dh nwjh r; djds ukWosZ ds leqæ ds Fkkys (csflu) esa tk igqaphA ;g

fo'kky HkwL[kyu ehFksu DysFkzsV fu{ksiksa dh ciQZ fi?kyus ds dkj.k gh gqvk gksxk] vkSj ciQZ leqæ xeZ

gksus dh otg ls fi?kyh gksxhA oSKkfudksa us ;g Hkh ik;k fd ykjs.V~l lkxj ds ry ls ehFksu ds

foLiQksVd mRltZu ds dkj.k ogka 700 ehVj pkSM+k vkSj 30 ehVj xgjk xM~<k cu x;kA

,d er ;g Hkh gS fd ;g pØh; xzhugkml&çHkko ,d lhek rd igqapdj lkE;koLFkk esa vk

tk,xk vkSj vius vki #d tk,xkA

66

ge ugha tkurs fd ,slk gksxk ;k ugha ;k fd /jrh ds xjekus ls xjekrs pys tkus dh çfØ;k

'kq: gksus esa fdruh lPpkbZ gSA ysfdu tks Hkh gks] bruk vo'; gS fd vxj gqbZ rks i;kZoj.k dh n`f"V

ls egkçy; tSlh gh dksbZ Hk;adj nq?kZVuk gksxhA i`Foh ds thou&dky esa ,sls ekSleh eksM+ cgqr ckj

vk, gSaA dbZ&ckj ;s dqN n'kdksa esa Hkh gq, gSa tks Hkw&xHkhZ; dky dh n`f"V ls rks iyd >idus ftruk

le; gSA tc Hkh gq, gSa rks vo'; gh tyok;q dh Ja[kykRed fØ;k us gh mUgsa 'kq: fd;k gksxkA ,d

rjg dk dqnjrh xzhu gkml çHkko gqvk gksxk gj ckj] tks vius gh çHkko ls ckj&ckj nqgjk;k x;k

gksxkA

tgka rd fo'o dh ljdkjksa dk loky gS os rks tyok;q&laca/h le>kSrksa dks yack [khaprh tk

jgh gSaA bl eqn~ns dks xaHkhjrk ls ysus esa irk ugha D;ksa T;knkrj ns'k fgpfdpk jgs gSaA rsy] dks;yk vkSj

xSl m|ksx rFkk foeku vkSj okgu m|ksx djksM+ksa Mkyj yqVkdj xzhugkml xSlksa esa dVkSrh djus ds lHkh

ç;klksa dh gok fudky nsrs gSaA ,slk djds os vly esa rks ekuork ds Hkfo"; dks gh nko ij yxk

jgsa gSa_ bl xzg dh ckdh çtkfr;ksa ij tks chrsxh og vyxA ;g lc cM+h xSj ftEesnkjkuk gjdrsa gSaA

;g rks vc fcYdqy Li"V gks pqdk gS fd gesa iQkWfly bZa/uksa ij viuh fuHkZjrk ls eqDr gksdj tSo

bZa/uksa] iou&ÅtkZ] lkSj&ÅtkZ] Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ] iufctyh tSls ÅtkZ ds v{k; lalk/uksa dh 'kj.k esa

tkuk gksxkA nwljs gesa nqfu;k dks ,d cktkj ekuus dh ço`fÙk Hkh NksM+uh gksxhA miHkksDrkvksa dks iQkWjsu

eky dk pLdk yx x;k gS tks fd nwljs egk}hiksa ls leqæh tgktksa rFkk vkSj Hkh cqjk ;g fd gokbZ

tgktksa esa Hkjdj cktkj esa iVd fn;k tkrk gSA ;g lkjk eky iSnk djus esa fdruh tgjhyh xSlsa iSnk

dh tkrh gSa] bldk Hkh [;ky dfj,A fiQj viuh ns'kh vFkZO;oLFkk dh Hkh lksfp,A lcls vPNk ;gh

gS fd vkidh t:jr dh reke phtsa & fiQj diM+s gSa ;k [kk| inkFkZ ;k dqN vkSj vkids vklikl

gh iSnk dh tkrh gksaA bldk eryc gksxk xka/h th ds ^Lons'kh oLrqvksa* dks viukus vkSj ^xzke Lojkt*

ds lius dks lkdkj djuk tks orZeku lanHkZ esa loZFkk çklafxd gSA

67

tyok;q&ifjorZu dh bl fodV leL;k esa fdldk&fdldk ;ksxnku gS] bldk {ks=kokj caVokjk

djsa rks m|ksxhd`r ns'kksa esa iQkWfly bZa/uksa dh ,d frgkbZ ek=kk ifjogu&{ks=k ih tkrk gSA gkykafd Lisu

ds fo'ks"kKksa ds vuqlkj ifjogu {ks=k dh vçR;{k ÅtkZ [kir Hkh tksM+h tk, rks iQkWfly bZa/u dh

vk/h [kir ;gh {ks=k djrk gSA bl vè;;u esa dkj vkSj vU; eksVj xkfM+;ka cukus] tgkt vkSj

ok;q;ku cukus rFkk jsyxkfM+;ksa vkSj jsy&iVfj;ksa dks cukus rFkk canjxkg] gokbZ vM~Ms] cgqeaftyk dkj

ikdZ cukus vkSj nwljk ifjogu laca/h <kapk [kM+k djus esa [kpZ gksus okyh ÅtkZ Hkh ifjogu {ks=k ds

[kkrs esa Mkyh xbZ gSaA lkFk gh iSfdax lkexzh cukus esa [kius okyh ÅtkZ Hkh tksM+h xbZ gS] D;ksafd yach

nwjh rd eky Hkstus ds fy, rjg&rjg dh iSfdax lkexzh cukbZ tkrh gSA

fiNys 40 lkyksa esa m|ksxhd`r ns'kksa esa ifjogu&{ks=k ls mRlftZr xzhugkml xSlksa dh ek=kk esa

csgn c<+ksrjh gqbZ gSA ysfdu bldk dkj.k ;g ugha gS fd eky dh [kir c<+h gS] cfYd dkj.k ;g gS

fd eky T;knk yach nwfj;ksa rd Hkstk tkus yxk gSA mRiknu dqN gh LFkkuksa esa dsfUær gSa] ftlus cM+s

iSekus ij csjkstxkj iSnk fd, gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fczVsu esa vf/drj ftalksa dk mRiknu rks igys ls

?kVk gS] ysfdu 1952 ls 1992 ds nkSjku mlh vof/ esa ^izQkbV&Vu&ekbYl* frxqus gks x, gSa ;kuh

eky Vuksa ds fglkc ls vf/d nwfj;ka r; dj jgk gS] ftldk eryc gqvk vf/d Mhty&isVªksy dh

[kirA

tSls&tSls u,&u, cktkj [kqyrs tk jgs gSa vkSj reke rjg dh phtksa ds vk;kr ij ls

fodkl'khy ns'k ikcanh gVk jgs gSa ;g leL;k c<+rh tk jgh gSA vejhdk rks iwjh nqfu;k dks ^eqDr

O;kikj {ks=k* cukus ij rqyk gSA [kqn vejhdh egk}hi rks dkiQh le; ls eqDr O;kikj {ks=k cuk gqvk

gSA blfy, dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha fd ogka tkiku vkSj if'peh ;wjksi dh rqyuk esa çfr O;fDr dkcZu

MkbvkWDlkbM & mRltZu frxquk gSA vejhdk vius gj ukxfjd ds fy, çfr o"kZ Ng Vu dkcZu iSnk

djrk gSA

68

vxj tSlk vejhdk pkgrk gS] mls ekudj iwjh nqfu;k eqDr O;kikj {ks=k cu tk, rks dksbZ Hkh

eky dgha Hkh lLrs ls lLrk cuk;k tk jgk gks] mls nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh dksus esa Hkstk tk ldsxkA

blls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRltZu dbZ xquk c<+ tk;sxkA fiQj u rks dksbZ xzhuyS.M dh ciQZ fi?kyus

ls jksd ldsxk vkSj u xeZ eqYdksa esa lw[kk iM+us lsA

nwljh vksj le>nkjh cjrh tk, rks ge lc vius&vius ns'kksa dks uomnkjoknh eqDr O;kikj dh

vka/h ls cpk ldrs gSaA blds pyrs ,d vksj rks i;kZoj.k dh rckgh gks jgh gS vkSj nwljh vksj

yk[kksa&djksM+ksa ukStoku csjkstxkjh dh ;kruk Hkqxr jgs gSaA eqDr O;kikj dh uhfr;ksa dh /rk crkdj ge

dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRltZu iwjh nqfu;k esa cgqr de dj ldrs gSa vkSj LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks

etcwr cuk ldrs gSaA ;gh ugha d`f"k] okfudh] eNyh ikyu] nLrdkjh] xzkeh.k m|ksx bR;kfn dk

LFkkuh; vkSj jk"Vªh; mRiknu u"V gksus ls cpk;k tk ldrk gSA

ysfdu ;g tkx:drk iSnk gksus vkSj mlds fglkc ls uhfr;ka cnyus esa le; yxsxkA bl

fLFkfr dks fcxM+us esa igys ls fcxM+k i;kZoj.k Hkh cM+k nks"kh gS] D;ksafd ok;qe.My esa igys gh dkcZu

MkbZ vkWDlkbM vkSj vU; xzhu gkml xSlksa dh ek=kk cgqr c<+ pqdh gSA fgeky; ds Xysf'k;j Mjkouh

jÝrkj ls fi?ky jgs gSaA if'peh ,aVkdZfVdk dh ciQZ fi?kyuh 'kq: gks pqdh gSA mixzg ls çkIr fp=kksa

ls ;g Li"V gks pqdk gSA ;g Hkh tkfgj gS fd /jrh ds ok;qe.My esa xjeh yxkrkj c<+rh gh tk,xh]

fiQj Hkys gh ge xzhugkml xSlksa dk mRltZu fdruk gh de dj nsaA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd

ok;qe.My ls leqæksa dks xehZ dk LFkkukarj.k cM+h ean xfr ls gksrk gSA

blfy, gesa ,d rks Hkfo"; esa tgjhyh xSlsa gok esa de ls de NksM+h tk,a] ;g è;ku j[kuk

gksxk vkSj nwljh vksj igys ls gok esa ekStwn dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks fBdkus yxkus ds fy, Hkh dqN

rjdhc lkspuh gksxhA rHkh gekjh ifo=k ufn;ka lw[kus ls cp ik,axh vkSj leqæ&Lrj dks vxys ,d

gtkj lky rd Åij p<+us ls jksdk tk ldsxkA

69

lcls igyh çkFkfedrk nsuh gksxh fLFkfr dks fcxM+us ls jksdus ds fy, thok'eh ÅtkZ dh

[kir ij iQkSju yxke yxkus dksA bldh txg v{k; ÅtkZ dks viukuk gksxkA rHkh xzhugkml xSlksa dk

Lrj ?kVdj ogka rd okil djuk gksxk] tgka ;s /jrh mls lg ldsA ;g ,sls gh gS fd igys rks ge

Nsn can dj nsa] ftlesa ls rsy ikuh esa fey jgk gS vkSj fiQj leqæ esa igys gh fey x, rsy dks

bdV~Bk djds iksN Mkysa vkSj bl rjg eNfy;ksa vkSj vU; leqæh çkf.k;ksa dks bl tgj dk f'kdkj

cuus ls cpk ysaA

egko`{kksa dk çkphu txr

dksbZ pkj vjc o"kZ igys i`Foh dk ok;qe.My cgqr ?kuk FkkA 'kk;n ml le; vkt ds

ok;qe.My dh rqyuk esa 30]000 xquh vf/d dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM FkhA bl fo'kky dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM

;qDr ok;qe.My ls iSnk gq, xzhugkml çHkko ds dkj.k ml le; i`Foh dk vkSlr rkieku 'kk;n 240

ls 340 fMxzh lsfYl;l FkkA rc ls Tokykeqf[k;ksa esa gq, foLiQksVksa vkSj Tokykeqf[k;ksa eas pyus okyh

vU; fØ;kvksa ls dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dh foiqy ek=kk mRlftZr gqbZ gSA ysfdu fiQj Hkh dkcZu Mkb

vkWDlkbM ok;qeaMy esa 99-997 çfr'kr de gks xbZA blh dkj.k /jrh ds vkSlr rkieku esa 13ls- dh

deh gqbZ] tcfd lwjt rhu vjc o"kZ igys ftruk xeZ Fkk] mlls 30 çfr'kr vf/d xeZ gks x;k gSA

i`Foh ij vusd çdkj dh jklk;fud fØ;k,a 'kq: gqbZa] ftuls /hjs&/hjs ok;qe.My ls dkcZu

Mkb vkWDlkbM dk lks[kk tkuk 'kq: gqvk vkSj vusd [kfutksa esa mldk dkcZu lekrk pyk x;kA ,d

vkdyu ds vuqlkj fiNys rhu vjc o"kksZa esa thou ds vkjaHk ls 'kq: djds bu fØ;kvksa esa cM+h rsth

vkbZ vkSj laHkor% vkt ds ok;qe.My esa ekStwn dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM ls dksbZ 140]000 xquh vf/d

dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM gok esa ls [khap yh xbZA dkcZu dh ;g foiqy ek=kk pwuk iRFkj vkSj dqN vU;

[kfutksa esa] ewaxk&'kSyksa esa] dks;ys esa] rsy esa vkSj vU; iQkWfly bZa/uksa esa rFkk egk}hih; <ykuksa vkSj

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leqæ ry esa tek dhpM+ esa lek xbZA oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj leqæ ry ij tek dhpM+ dgha&dgha nks

fdyksehVj eksVh gS vkSj muesa vkB çfr'kr rd tSo dkcZu ehFksu xSl ds :i esa Hkjk gqvk gSA

blds vykok dkcZu dks nqfu;k ds taxyksa] ihVHkwfe;ksa vkSj ueHkwfe;ksa rFkk feV~Vh us lks[kkA

ihVHkwfe;ksa tSlh ueHkwfe;ksa esa gh 500 ls 1000 vjc Vu rd dkcZu Hkjk gqvk gSA tehu ij fc[kjh

ikS/ lkexzh] g~;wel dh ijr vkSj Åijh feV~Vh esa gh yxHkx 1600 vjc Vu dkcZu tek gks x;kA gks

ldrk gS fd gekjs iqj[kksa dk tc bl i`Foh ij inkiZ.k gqvk] rc ls taxyksa vkSj fefV~V;ksa esa lafpr

dkcZu dh ek=kk dkiQh ?kV xbZ gksA

bl i`Foh ij tks 15 vjc gSDVj tehu gS] mlesa ls yxHkx Ng vjc gSDVj egk'kq"d

e#LFky ds :i esa gSA blesa mÙkj /zqo ds Vq.Mªk çns'k] vHkh rd vNwrs m".kdfVca/h; o"kkZou] vusd

çdkj dh ueHkwfe;ka (osV yS.M)] Åaps&Åaps ioZr] fgeun (Xysf'k;j) vkSj ,slh tehusa gSa ftu ij

[kM+h ouLifr;ksa esa gLr{ksi ugha fd;k x;k] vkSj ;s lc ge euq";ksa ls vHkh cph gqbZ gSa vkSj mu ij

'kk;n gh ^laru ds pj.k* iM+s gksa ugha rks ogka Hkh caVk<kj gks tkrkA ysfdu buds vykok cph gqbZ 9

vjc gSDVj tehu esa tgka laru ds pj.k iM+s gSa] vkSj tedj iM+s gSa] ogka&ogka caVk<kj gksus ds fu'kku

lkiQ utj vkrs gSaA

vf/drj ekeyksa esa taxyksa vkSj fefV~V;ksa esa tek dkcZu dh ek=kk cgqr de gks xbZ gSA

vizQhdk vkSj vkLVªsfy;k esa ekuo ds iwoZt fiNys de ls de 700]000 o"kksZa ls isM+ksa vkSj >kfM+;ksa dks

tykus ds fy, taxyksa esa vkx yxkrs jgsA

bu ekuod`r nkokfXu;ksa us taxyksa dks tyk tykdj 'kk;n vizQhdk dh fo'kky lokuk Hkwfe

cuk Mkyh ftlesa cl dgha&dgha isM+ksa ds n'kZu gksrs gSa] ugha rks iwjh tehu ;k rks uaxh gS ;k taxyh

?kkl ls <dh gSA tc Hkh bu lokuk Hkwfe;ksa dks vkx ls cpk;k x;k gS] rks vkt Hkh buesa ?kus isM+ksa

okyk taxy iui vkrk gSA taxyh vkx dh ?kVukvksa us uhps tehu ij iM+h Vgfu;ksa vkSj ifÙk;ksa ds

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vEckj vkSj g~;wel dh ijrksa esa tek dkcZu ?kVk fn;kA [ksrh vkSj pjkxkg cukus ds fy, taxyksa dk

liQk;k gqvk vkSj bZa/u] bekjrh ydM+h vkSj dqN le; ckn dkxt cukus ds fy, isM+ksa dh dVkbZ us

/jrh dh gjh pknj dk gj.k djds mls djhc&djhc uaxk gh dj fn;kA ikyrw tkuojksa us tks va/k/qa/

pjkbZ dh mlus Hkh bl phj&gj.k esa viuk ;ksx fn;kA ;s tkuoj vDlj ubZ mxh ikS/ dks [kk tkrs gSa

vkSj bl rjg mtM+s taxyksa dks fiQj ls gjk&Hkjk djus ds ç;klksa dks lq[kk Mkyrs gSaA vc Hkh dksbZ

30 ls 50 djksM+ rd vkfnoklh nqfu;k esa ,sls gSa tks >we [ksrh (f'kfÝVax dYVhos'ku) ls gh viuh

thfodk pyk jgs gSa vkSj gj lky taxyksa ds cgqr cM+s fgLls dks tyk Mkyrs gSaA

/jrh igys gh viuk ewy ou&{ks=k xaok pqdh gSA fiQj Hkh vHkh pkj vjc ds yxHkx tehu

ij taxy cps gq, gSa] ysfdu ;gka Hkh isM+ksa dk vkSlr vkdkj tks dHkh gqvk djrk Fkk] mlls cgqr

de jg x;k gSA

ns[kk tk, rks yxHkx lHkh ekuo lH;rkvksa esa isM+ksa ds ckjs esa vufxur fo'okl vkSj dgkfu;ka

çpfyr gSA mudh fo'kkyrk ds ckjs esa dgk x;k fd isM+ brus yacs gksrs Fks fd LoxZ rd igqap tkrs

Fks vkSj iwjh /jrh dks ?ksj ysrs FksA

tc ;s dgkfu;ka x<+h xbZa gksaxha rks bl iwjh /jrh ij ouksa dk vkSj o`{kksa dk gh lkezkT; jgk

gksxk vkSj gekjs iwoZt muds gh vanj mUgha ls viuk thou&;kiu djrs jgsA ;g lc rc Fkk] tc

vkneh us yksgs dh [kkst ugha dh FkhA lcls cM+s&cM+s isM+ lcls mitkÅ tehuksa ij dCtk djds tes

gq, Fks vkSj yksgs dh dqYgkfM+;ksa ls Hkh mudks dkVdj fxjkuk cM+k eqf'dy FkkA isM+ksa dh blh fo'kkyrk

vkSj rkdr us vkfnekuo dks mudh iwtk djus ds fy, foo'k fd;kA muls dan&ewy&iQy vkSj tykÅ

ydM+h rFkk ckn esa bekjrh ydM+h Hkh feyrh FkhA bl rjg ou nsoh vkSj ou&nsork dh iwtk gksus

yxhA ,sls iwtuh; o`{kksa ds ckjs esa buds peRdkj dh dgkfu;ka Hkys gh dkYifud jgh gksa] ysfdu

buds dkj.k ;s isM+ dVus ls cp x,A budks dkVuk iki tks ekuk x;kA

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dqN le; ckn bu o`{kksa ls tqM+h yksdxkFkkvksa esa ,d nwljh rjg ds feFkd tqM+ x,A buesa ,sls

egkuk;d vorfjr gq, tks o`{kksa dh j[kokyh djus okys egknSR;ksa dks ekj fxjkrs Fks vkSj mlds ckn

fo'kkydk; o`{kksa dks dkV fxjkrs FksA

bl rjg dh ,d dgkuh lqesfj;u lH;rk dh fxyxes'k uked ohjxkFkk esa feyrh gSA bldk

ckbfcy ds okn ds iqjkus va'kksa ij cM+k vlj iM+kA ckbfcy bZlkb;ksa dh /kfeZd iqLrd gSA ;g

ohjxkFkk dksbZ 4]700 o"kZ igys dh dgkuh dgrh gS] tc mldk jktk fxyxes'k ;g r; djrk gS fd

og viuh vyx jkt/kuh cuk;sxk] rkfd vej gks ldsA

jkt/kuh cukus ds fy, fuekZ.k&lkexzh dh t:jr iM+hA lks fxyxes'k yscuku pyk x;k]

D;ksafd yscuku vius çkphu flMkj (lhMªl fyckuh) ouksa ds fy, çfl¼ FkkA

tc fxyxes'k ou esa ços'k djrk gS rks flMkj o`{kksa dh fo'kkyrk vkSj lkSan;Z mldks bruk

eqX/ dj nsrk gS fd mldh vka[kksa ls vkalw cgus yxrs gSaA og jksus yxrk gS fd brus eueksgd]

ifo=k vkSj lqanj o`{kksa dks og dSls dkV ldrk gSA ysfdu dqN nsj esa gh mldh ;g d#.kk xk;c gks

tkrh gS vkSj fiQj og ,d fgald jktk dh rjg lkspus yxrk gSA og bl ou dh j{kk djus okys

nqnkZar nSR; dks ekj Mkyrk gS vkSj vius yksxksa dks yydkj dj isM+ksa dks dkV Mkyus dk vkns'k nsrk gSA

bl rjg ydM+h ykdj cM+h HkO; jkt/kuh cuk Mkyrk gSA dqN le; ckn og vius thou dh

egkure fot; çkIr djrk gS vkSj nsoh b'rkj ds ifo=k fo'oo`{k ds j{kd gqyqIik dks ekj Mkyrk gSA

,d tekuk Fkk fd lqesjh yksx fxyxes'k dks ekuo tkfr dk lcls cM+k egkuk;d ekurs FksA

ysfdu ;g ohjxkFkk çrhdkRed Hkh gS vkSj gS cM+h d#.kktudA

yscuku esa çkphu ou dk ,d NksVk&lk fgLlk gS tks euq"; dh dqYgkM+h ls cpk jgkA ;g ,d

NksVs&ls peRdkj ds dkj.k laHko gqvkA bl ou esa dsoy 400 isM+ gSa] tks fd yxHkx 2500 o"kZ iqjkus

gSaA ;s isM+ cgqr yacs ugha gSaA buesa ls fdlh dh Hkh ÅapkbZ 40 ehVj ls T;knk ugha gSA ysfdu lcds

73

lc cgqr eksVs gSaA dqN dh eksVkbZ rks ikap ehVj ;k mlls Hkh vf/d gSA gks ldrk gS fd fxyxes'k

ds le; esa yscuku ds çkphu flMkj o`{k vkSj Hkh yacs&pkSM+s jgs gksaA tks Hkh gks ;s 400 o`{k ml

çkphu ou ds ,d ek=k vo'ks"k gSa tks dHkh lEiw.kZ Hkweè;lkxj dks ?ksjs gqvk Fkk_ eè; vkSj nf{k.k

;wjksi] mÙkjh vejhdk vkSj eè; iwoZ dk vf/dka'k <dk gqvk Fkk rFkk eksjDdks ls viQxkfuLrku rd

iQSyk gqvk FkkA bl fo'kky ou esa ckat (vksd)] Hkkst (cpZ)] psLVuV vkSj flMkj o`{kksa dh dksbZ

fxurh gh ugha FkhA

vkt rks gkyr ;g gS fd bu txgksa esa T;knkrj cl daVhyh >kfM+;ka mx jgh gSA çkphu ou

dk cl 10 çfr'kr fgLlk gh dgha&dgha cpk gqvk gS vkSj ckdh fgLls esa dgha&dgha taxy tSlk dqN

utj vkrk gS rks ogka u,&u, isM+ mxkdj oujksi.k ds NqViqV ç;kl fd, x, gSaA çkphu Hkweè;

lkxjh; oukapy ds vusd Hkkxksa esa laHkor% yscuku ds flMkj ouksa dh vis{kk dgha vf/d o"kkZ gqbZ]

vr% ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ogka ij Hkh vf/d ugha rks yscuku ds flMkjksa ds cjkcj rks isM+ mxs gh

gksaxsA cps gq, FkksM+s ls fo'kkydk; çkphu o`{k vkt Hkh utj vkrs gSa] ftudks ns[kdj yxrk gS fd

;gka dk çkphu ou fdruk cqyan jgk gksxkA mUuhloha lnh ds vkf[kj esa ogka ,Vuk ioZr dh <yku ij

pSLVuV dk ,d fo'kky o`{k mxrs ns[kk x;k Fkk] ftlds eq[; rus dk ?ksjk 61 ehVj FkkA teZuh esa

pdksrjk ds lcls cM+s isM+ dk ?ksjk 8 ehVj Fkk vkSj nf{k.k ;wjksi esa ckat (vksd) ds fo'kky o`{k vc

Hkh cgqr cM+s&cM+s ?ksjs ds lkFk [kM+s gq, gSaA

fge;qx 'kq: gksus ls igys dksbZ 30 yk[k o"kZ igys yach&pkSM+h ifV~V;ksa esa mxrs nkuokdkj

jSMoqM o`{kksa ds taxy mÙkjh vesfjdk] ,f'k;k vkSj ;wjksi ij yxHkx Nk;s gq, FksA ysfdu mlds ckn tks

,d ds ckn ,d fge;qx vk,] mUgksaus vkSj çd`fr us rsth ls c<+us vkSj iQSyus okys tks u,&u,

isM+&ikS/s iSnk fd,] muds dkj.k çkphu fo'kkydk; jSMoqM vius vf/drj çkd`frd vkoklksa ls

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csn[ky gksrs pys x,A fiNys fge;qx ds ckn bu jSMoqM egko`{kksa dh vkf[kjh 'kj.kLFkyh dSyhiQksfuZ;k

ds taxy cus] tgka bu o`{kksa us 400]000 gSDVj esa viuk Msjk tek;k gqvk gSA

;gka clus ds fy, tc ;wjksi ds yksx igqaps rks lglk viuh vka[kksa ij fo'okl ugha gqvk]

D;ksafd dqN jSMoqM 120 ehVj yacs vkSj 10&10 ehVj ds ?ksjs okys FksA ysfdu tSlk fd fxyfxes'k dh

ohjxkFkk esa gqvk] mudk ;g vpjt T;knk fnu ugha fVdkA tYnh gh foLe; dh nqfu;k ls ckgj vkdj

mUgksaus cM+h csnnhZ ls 'kkunkj jSMoqMksa ij geyk cksy fn;kA vc rks jSMoqMksa dk ,d NksVk&lk uewuk gh

mudh ;kn fnykrk gSA mÙkjh vejhdk vkSj dukMk esa vkSj rjg ds fo'kkydk; o`{k mxrs FksA bUgksaus Hkh

cgqr cM+k {ks=kiQy ?ksjk gqvk FkkA buesa 'kkfey Fks Mxyl iQj] flVdk Lçwl vkSj gseyksd o`{kksa ds ouA

buesa tks lcls cM+s Mxyl iQj uked o`{k Fks] os vkt Hkh mx jgs gSa vkSj 100 ehVj dh yackbZ vkSj

pkj&pkj ehVj dh eksVkbZ okys ruksa ds Lokeh cu tkrs gSaA ysfdu dukMk ds oSKkfudksa dk nkok gS fd

buls Hkh yacs&pkSM+s Mxyl iQj mxrs ns[ks x, gSaA lu~ 1940 esa dukMk dh ,d oSKkfud Vksyh us

,d fjiksVZ çdkf'kr dh] ftlds vuqlkj lcls cM+k Mxyl iQj 139 ehVj yack vkSj 8-5 ehVj ?ksjs

okyk FkkA

gks ldrk gS fd blesa dksbZ oSKkfud /ks[kk/M+h dh xbZ gks] D;ksafd vc bl rF; dh iqf"V

djuk rks vlaHko gS] D;ksafd ftu isM+ksa dh ppkZ dh xbZ gS] os rks dc ds dkV Mkys x,A yxrk ;gh

gS fd vNwrs cps ouksa ij lcls igys bekjrh ydM+h ds O;kikfj;ksa us dqYgkM+h pykbZ gksxhA blfy,

;g Hkh laHko gS fd blls igys fd dksbZ mudh uki&tks[k dj ikrk cM+s&cM+s fo'kky o`{k Hkh

/jk'kk;h gks x,A

vc rks bu vNwrs ouksa dh NksVh&lh fu'kkfu;ka jg xbZ gSa] ftuesa Mxyl iQj] flVdk Lçwl]

gseyksd vkSj Fkwtk ds ou cps gq, gSaA bl tekus ds ckdh taxyksa esa [kM+s isM+ksa ds ou çfr gSDVj

2000 ls 3000 ?kuehVj rd ukis tk ldrs gSaA

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tSlk mu çkphu fo'kky o`{kksa ds lkFk gqvk] dqN&dqN oSlk gh mÙkjh vejhdk ds iwohZ vkSj

eè; Hkkx esa mxrs LVªkscl] iksaMjkslk vkSj lqxj ikbu rFkk Hkkst] ckat] v[kjksV vkSj psLVuV ds o`{kksa ds

lkFk gqvkA

phu us vius çkphu ou dksbZ 200 lky igys dkV fxjk;s vkSj Hkkjr us 20oha lnh ds iwokZ/Z

esa vius vNwrs flMkj ;kuh nsonkj (flMªl nsonkjk) ds ouksa dks [kks fn;kA phu vkSj Hkkjr ds ouksa ds

ckjs esa T;knk tkudkjh Hkh ugha feyrh fd os dSls Fks] muesa fdrus cM+s&cM+s dkSu ls isM+ mxrs Fks vkSj

dgka&dgka mxrs FksA vkLVªsfy;k esa Hkh dHkh ;wdfyIVl ;kuh liQsnk ds cM+s&cM+s taxy Fks vkSj vc

dgha&dgha cps&[kqps muds oa'kt gh mudh d#.k dgkuh dh ;kn fnykrs gSaA

vizQhdk ds ikl Hkh vius fgLls ds fo'kky o`{k FksA if'pe vizQhdk ds o"kkZouksa esa nkuokdkj

VehZusfy;k o`{k gqvk djrs FksA HkwxksyosÙkk boku Vh-lS.Mjlu us ,d ckj fglkc yxk;k Fkk fd buesa ls

lcls cM+s isM+ dksbZ 80 ehVj yacs vkSj fl,jk jSMoqMksa ds lcls yacs&pkSM+s lkfFk;ksa ls Hkh T;knk ?ksjs

okys FksA vc rks bu taxyksa dk 'kk;n gh dqN 'ks"k jgk gS vkSj muds pkjksa vksj ds taxy dks feVkus

ls igys dBksj dk"B okys yacs&pkSM+s isM+ xk;c gks pqds FksA

vizQhdk ds lw[ks fgLls esa cM+s&cM+s Hkhedk; ckvksckc o`{k FksA buesa lcls cM+s dk ?ksjk 18

ehVj rd ukik x;k FkkA 'kk;n bu isM+ksa ij Hkh cqjh utj iM+h vkSj taxyh >kfM+;ksa esa yxh ;k yxk;h

xbZ vkx dh pisV esa vkdj de mez ds isM+ Lokgk gks x,A fiQj Hkh dkiQh cps gq, Fks] ysfdu rHkh

vkneh us muds ruksa ds js'kksa ls dkxt cukuk lh[k fy;kA Hkyk gks dqN ouLifrKksa dk fd muds dM+s

fojks/ ds dkj.k ckvksckc ds dkiQh o`{k cps jgs vkSj vusd vizQhdh ns'kksa esa vc Hkh utj vk tkrs

gSaA gkykafd tks lcls cM+s Fks] mUgsa vius cM+Iiu dk [kkfe;ktk Hkqxruk iM+k vkSj tM+ ls feVk fn,

x,A

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tc Hkh ekuo lH;rk dk çlkj gqvk vkSj ubZ cfLr;ka clha rFkk rduhdh lH;rk iQyh&iQwyh]

gj txg ;gh d#.k&dFkk nqgjk;h x;hA varj cl bruk gS fd dgha ;g d#.k&dFkk igys ?kVh vkSj

dgha ckn esaA dqN txg v{kr ouksa ds fouk'k dh dkjxqtkfj;ksa dks foLrkj ls ntZ fd;k x;k vkSj

dgha ;g vKkr jghA

lqesfj;u ohjxkFkk ds egkuk;d ;k dgsa fd [kyuk;d fxyfxes'k us b'rkj ij fot; ikus ds

fy, ftl rjg eueksgd o`{kksa dh gR;k dh] ;g bfrgkl Hkh gtkjksa lky rd nqgjk;k x;k] ysfdu

fo"k;kih o`{k fiQj Hkh vkneh ls gkjs ughaA Hkkjr lfgr nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds vusd ns'kksa esa vusd o`{kksa

dks ifo=k ekudj iwtk tkrk gSA bu o`{kksa dks dkVus esa lHkh fgpfdpkrs gSaA fiQuyS.M esa Hkh vkfnoklh

yksx o`{kksa dh iwtk djrs Fks vkSj f'kdkj fd, x, Hkkyqvksa dh [kksiM+h ykdj o`{knsork dks lefiZr

djrs Fks] rkfd mudh d`ik ls Hkkyqvksa dh vkRek LoxZ esa tk ldsA

vU; çkphu lH;rkvksa dh rjg fiQuks&mfxz;u yksxksa ds Hkh vius ifo=k ou gqvk djrs FksA bu

ouksa esa isM+ rks D;k mudh Vgfu;ksa dks Hkh dkVus dh l[r+ eukgh FkhA if'pe dh bZlkbZ;r ds çeq[k

jkseu iksi us lu~ 1228 esa iQjeku tkjh fd;k fd fiQuyS.M ds ifo=k ouksa dks u"V dj fn;k tk,

vkSj mudh txg ogka bZlkb;ksa ds ppZ cuk fn, tk,aA ysfdu fiQuyS.M ds yksx iksi dh bl ckr ls

lger ugha gq, vkSj mUgksaus taxy dks dVus ls jksdus ds fy, tks Hkh dj ldrs Fks fd;kA vkt ppZ

ds ml vfHk;ku ds 600 lky ckn Hkh ifo=k ouksa vkSj o`{kksa dh iwtk djus dh ijEijk thfor gSA bl

le; mls fiQj ls iuikus ds ç;kl tkjh gSaA

tc çkphu o`{k dkVs tkrs gSa rks mudh txg [ksr] pjkxkg] daVhyh >kfM+;ksa vkSj fiQj ls u,

taxy mxk, tkrs gSaA tc Hkh ,slk gqvk izkphu o`{kksa ds ruksa] Vgfu;ksa] tM+ksa] buds uhps taxy esa fcNs

iÙkksa oxSjg vkSj g~;wel esa tek dkcZu] dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds :i esa gok esa NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA

77

dqN dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ckn esa mxh ouLifr }kjk fiQj ls vo'kksf"kr dj fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu ;g

ek=kk ewy :i ls laxzghr dkcZu dh rqyuk esa cgqr de gksrh gSA

tc dksbZ m".k dfVca/h; ou dkVk tkrk gS vkSj lkiQ djds [ksr ;k pjkxkg esa cny fn;k

tkrk gS] rks vkerkSj ij ogka dh ouLifr 90 ls 99 çfr'kr rd ?kV tkrh gSA bl le; Hkh ;s taxy

bruh rsth ls dkVs tk jgs gSa fd m".k dfVca/h; ouksa ds fouk'k ls dksbZ nks vjc Vu dkcZu

ok;qe.My esa çfro"kZ NksM+k tkrk gSA ;g ek=kk thok'eh baZ/uksa dks tykus ls iSnk gksus okys dkcZu dk

40 çfr'kr gSA

tc taxy dkVdj ogka [ksr cuk fn, tkrs gSa rks taxy dh tehu ij fcNh ifÙk;ksa vkSj

Vgfu;ksa dh fcNkou vkSj feV~Vh esa g~;wel ds :i esa tek tSoka'k Hkh fo?kfVr gksus yxrk gSA mnkgj.k

ds fy, vizQhdk ds [kqys lokuk ouksa esa g~;wel dh ijr esa 90 ls 70 Vu rd tSo&dkcZu çfr gSDVj

dh nj ls ik;k tkrk gSA bl tehu ls isM+ gVkdj [ksr cukrs gh bl tSo&dkcZu dk vf/dka'k pan

lkyksa esa gh gok gks tkrk gSA tc dksbZ v{kr çkphu ou dkVus ds ckn u, taxy esa cnyk tkrk gS

rks mlds urhts brus [krjukd rks ugha gksrs] ysfdu gok esa vf/d dkcZu NksM+us dh çfØ;k yxHkx

blh rjg pyrh gSA

m".kdfVca/h; ouksa esa 700 ls 800 Vu dkcZu çfr gSDVj gksrk gSA vestu ds taxyksa esa çfr

gSDVj dkcZu dh ek=kk vc Hkh 200 Vu ds djhc gS] tcfd bu ouksa dk dkiQh fgLlk dkVk tk pqdk

gS vkSj budks vc v{kr çkphu ou ugha dgk tk ldrkA ysfdu tc taxy dkVdj pjkxkg cukus ds

fy, lkiQ fd;k tkrk gS rks mlds ckn BawBksa vkSj ubZ ikS/ ls mxs f}rh;d ou esa çfr gSDVj ek=k

20&25 Vu dkcZu jg tkrk gSA

fiQuyS.M esa O;kikfjd ouksa esa çfr gSDVj vkSlru 80 ?ku ehVj ydM+h ikbZ tkrh gS] ruksa ds

:i esaA buesa vkSlru dkcZu va'k çfr gSDVj (fcNkou] g~;wel vkSj Åijh feV~Vh ds vykok) 34 Vu

78

ds djhc gksrk gS] ftlesa ls 17 Vu ds djhc ruksa dh ydM+h esa] ikap Vu Vgfu;ksa esa] rhu Vu ifÙk;ksa

esa vkSj ukS Vu ds djhc tM+ksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA

nf{k.kh fiQuyS.M esa vis{kkd`r lw[kh tehuksa ij mx jgs yxHkx 100 o"kZ iqjkus phM+ ouksa esa

vkSlru çfr gSDVj 350 ?ku ehVj ydM+h rus ds :i esa mxrh gSA bl ns'k ds eè; Hkkx esa ;g 300

?ku ehVj ds djhc gS vkSj fiQuyS.M ds /qj mÙkj esa fLFkr ySiyS.M esa yxHkx 150 ?ku ehVj gksrh

gSA bls O;kikfjd ouksa esa vkerkSj ij ik, tkus okys vkSlr ls vf/d ekuk x;k gSA

blls dqN iqjkus taxyksa esa çfr gSDVj 700&800 ?kuehVj ydM+h ruksa ds :i esa mxrh gS vkSj

bu isM+ksa ds ck;ksekl esa 200 Vu rd dkcZu tek gksrk gSA ysfdu ;gka ds çkphu v{kr ouksa esa ;g

vkSlr D;k jgk gksxk] bldk vuqeku yxkuk eqf'dy gSA vusd çkd`frd ouksa esa isM+ksa ds ck;ksekl esa

200 Vu ls Hkh de dkcZu çfr gSDVj ik;k x;k gS] ysfdu ,sls taxy dksbZ T;knk iqjkus ugha FksA blds

vykok ;g Hkh lp gS fd fiQuyS.M esa /qj mÙkj esa fLFkr ySiyS.M ds ckgj vc dksbZ okLrfod

v{kr ou cps Hkh ugha gSaA

u, ouksa esa mudh fcNkou esa dkcZu dk HkaMkj cgqr de ik;k x;k gSA vejhdk esa fd, x,

,d vè;;u esa ekdZ gkeZu vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us vkdfyr fd;k fd Mxyl iQj vkSj gseykWd ds

450 o"kZ iqjkus ouksa esa çfr gSDVj taxyh fcNkou esa dkcZu dh ek=kk vkSlru 125 Vu FkhA 60 o"kZ

iqjkus Mxyl iQj ds taxy dh fcNkou esa ;g ek=kk dsoy 10 ls 26 Vu çfr gSDVj FkhA bu vkadM+ksa

ls ;g fcYdqy Li"V gks tkrk gS fd iqjkus taxyksa esa u, taxyksa dh rqyuk esa g~;wel] fcNkou vkSj

Åijh feV~Vh esa vf/d ek=kk esa dkcZu tek jgrk FkkA

mÙkjh vejhdk esa Mh-ih- VuZj vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us ,d ekWMy çLrkfor fd;k] ftlesa iwjs

isM+ ds ck;ksekl esa fofHkUu ouLFkyksa esa tek dkcZu dk 30 çfr'kr HkaMkfjr gksrk fn[kk;k x;kA bldk

nks frgkbZ isM+ ds ruksa] Vgfu;ksa] vkSj ifÙk;ksa esa rFkk ,d frgkbZ tM+ksa esa gksuk crk;k x;kA bl vkdyu

79

ds vuqlkj mÙkjh vejhdk ds ouh; ikfjra=k dk yxHkx 70 çfr'kr dkcZu Åijh feV~Vh] fcNkou vkSj

g~;wel eas tek jgrk gS vkSj 10 çfr'kr gjs isM+ksa dh tM+ksa ds :i esaA bl ekWMy esa ;g Hkh crk;k

x;k fd tSls&tSls isM+ksa dh vk;q c<+rh gS vkSj isM+ dk ck;ksekl c<+rk gS] oSls&oSls mlds uhps ds

fcNkou] g~;wel vkSj Åijh feV~Vh esa tek dkcZu dh ek=kk Hkh c<+rh tkrh gSA

fiQuyS.M ds 'kks/drkZvksa us viuh x.kuk,a blds mYVs 'kq: dha vkSj mUgksaus ;g urhtk fudkyk

fd taxy u, gksa ;k iqjkus muds uhps dh fcNkou] g~;wel vkSj Åijh feV~Vh esa tek dkcZu dh ek=kk

ogh jgrh gS (!)A nwljs 'kCnksa esa bldk eryc ;g gS fd buesa tek dkcZu ij bl ckr ls dksbZ varj

ugha iM+rk fd taxy dkVdj lkiQ dj fn;k x;k Fkk ;k fd og çkphu ou Fkk] ftlesa fiNys 1000

o"kksZa esa ,d ckj Hkh vkx ugha yxh !

bldh laHkkouk vf/d fn[kkbZ nsrh gS fd tks ekWMy VuZj vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us çLrqr fd;k

gS] og lR; ds vf/d fudV gksA ysfdu okLrfodrk dqN T;knk gh tfVy gksxhA eq[; leL;k ;g

gS fd bl ckjs esa ç;ksxfl¼ vuqla/kku cgqr de gqvk gS fd okfudh dh fofHkUu fof/;ksa dk vkSj

ouksa dh vk;q dk g~;wel vkSj Åijh feV~Vh esa tek dkcZu ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gSA blfy, 'kks/drkZ

dqN ljy ekWMy cukdj x.kuk,a djrs gSa vkSj muds gh vk/kj ij fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gSaA bl rjg

bruk rks Li"V gks tk ldrk gS fd i`Foh ij ekuo ds inkiZ.k ls igys ;gka ds ouksa esa vkSj mudh

feV~Vh esa orZeku dky dh vis{kk cgqr vf/d dkcZu tek FkkA bl le; /jrh ij tks pkj vjc

gSDVj ds djhc taxy cps gSa] muesa eqf'dy ls 500 vjc Vu dkcZu gh tek gSA ;g dkcZu muds

o`{kksa ds ck;ksekl esa gSA bl tSo lkexzh esa isM+ dk ruk] Vguh] iÙkh] tM+] uhps dk fcNkou] g~;wel

vkSj Åijh feV~Vh lc 'kkfey gSaA bl rjg eksVk&eksVh fo'o ds ouksa esa dkcZu ds HkaMkj dk vkSlr

125 Vu çfr gSDVj cSBrk gSA ;gka ;g è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd ;g vkadM+k bl le; ekStwn gj rjg ds

taxyksa dk vkSlr vkadM+k gSA vf/drj dkcZu vkt Hkh m".kdfVca/ ds v{kr o"kkZouksa esa laxzghr gSA

80

O;kikfjd ouksa dk pØ NksVk gksrk gS] blfy, muesa çfr gSDVj lcls de dkcZu feyrk gSA bu d`f=ke

ouksa esa cgqr eksVk ruk gks ik,] blls igys gh isM+ dkV dj csp fn, tkrs gSaA

gkykafd vkneh vkSj mlds iqj[ks dksbZ 700]000 o"kksZ ls taxyksa vkSj fefV~V;ksa esa ls dkcZu dk

HkaMkj myhpus esa yxs gSa] ijarq os vc bl çfØ;k dks myV Hkh ldrs gaSA vc yksx tYnh mxus okys

isM+ksa dks yxkdj vkSj mudks ges'kk mxrs jgsa ;g lqfuf'pr djds isM+ksa vkSj feV~V;ksa esa tek dkcZu dh

ek=kk dks ml lhek rd c<+k ldrs gSa] tc i`Foh ij ekuo tkfr ugha Fkh vkSj isM+ksa dk gh jkt FkkA

cfYd vkneh dqnjr dks ihNs NksM+dj ,sls taxy mxk ldrk gS ftuesa çkphure pje ouksa ls Hkh

T;knk dkcZu çfr gSDVj HkaMkfjr gksrk jgsA

dkcZu dks lks[krs gSa gjs isM+

isM+ksa dh vyx&vyx tkfr;ksa esa dkcZu lks[kus dh {kerk vyx&vyx gksrh gSA bldk dkj.k

;g gS fd os vyx&vyx vkdkj] yackbZ vkSj rus dh vyx eksVkbZ okys gksrs gSa vkSj dksbZ rsth ls

c<+rk gS] rks dksbZ /hjs&/hjsA çkd`frd ouksa esa vkerkSj ij fo'kkydk; o`{k vc fojys gh feyrs gSaA

o"kkZouksa esa Hkh ,sls fo'kkydk; o`{k çfr gSDVj ,d&nks gh cps gSaA dSyhiQksfuZ;k esa fl,jk esa Hkhedk;

jSMoqM ;gka&ogka mxrs utj vkrs gSa] exj muds pkjksa vksj NksVs&NksVs isM+ [kM+s gSaA vizQhdk esa nks

ckvksckc isM+ksa ds chp fdyksehVjksa dh nwjh gksrh gSA

vxj ge isM+ksa dks c<+us nsa vkSj os ftrus cM+s gks ldsa mruk c<+us dk ekSdk nsa] rks cgqr cM+h

yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ okys isM+ksa dh la[;k cgqr c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA ,sls cqtqxZ isM+ksa okys taxy dkcZu T;knk

[khapsaxs vkSj çfr gSDVj vkSlr dkcZu] çkd`frd ouksa ls Hkh T;knk tek dj ysaxsA

mnkgj.k ds fy, çfr gSDVj 50 ckvksckc o`{k mxk, tk,a rks vklikl ds çkd`frd ouksa vkSj

ouHkwfe;ksa ls dgha vf/d ek=kk esa dkcZu tek dj ldrs gSaA

81

;fn ;g eku ysa fd bu o`{kksa ds cM+s gksus ij buds ruksa dk vkSlr O;kl yxHkx pkj ehVj

gksxk vkSj yackbZ 10 vkSj 5 ehVj ds chp gksxh rks gesa çfr gSDVj 10]000 ?ku ehVj ruk&dk"B

feysxkA

vxj blesa tek dkcZu esa bu isM+ksa dh Vgfu;ksa] tM+ksa vkSj uhps ds fcNkou] g~;wel oxSjg dh

Hkh x.kuk dj ysa rks çfr gSDVj ;s isM+ 2000 Vu rd dkcZu tek dj jgs gksaxsA bl rjg ds ou jksi.k

esa t:jh ugha fd ,d gh fdLe ds isM+ yxk, tk,a] D;ksafd ckvksckc isM+ksa ds chp esa dkiQh txg

gksrh gS] ftlesa reke rjg ds NksVs isM+ vkSj >kfM+;ka rFkk vU; ouLifr yxkbZ tk ldrh gSA vxj

rVorhZ ;k fl,jk ouksa okys jSMoqM ;k eks.Vtqek tSls isM+ yxk fn, tk,a rks dkcZu dh çfr gSDVj ek=kk

vkSj Hkh T;knk tek dh tk ldrh gSA

ysfdu ;fn fofHkUu o`{kksa dh tkfr;ka tSls mx jgh gSa] oSlh gh mxus nh tk,a vkSj muesa fHkUurk

ykus dk dksbZ ç;kl ugha fd;k tk, rks Hkh gekjk fopkj lVhd cSBrk gS fd ge vf/d isM+ mxkdj

gok ls vf/d dkcZu bu ouksa esa tek dj ldrs gSaA

bldk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k gS fiQuyS.M ds ouA ;gka ij ydM+h okyh ouLifr esa cl rhu

Lih'kht dh cgqrk;r gSA ;s rhu çtkfr;ka gSa LdkWV ikbu (ikbul flYosfLVªl)] ukWosZft;u Lçwl (fiflvk

,cht+) vkSj flyoj cpZ (csrqyk is.Mqyk)A ;gka fofo/rk dh vk'p;Ztud deh dk dkj.k ;gh crk;k

tkrk gS fd ,d rks vusd fge;qxksa dk vlj iM+k vkSj nwljs 100 lky dh O;kikfjd okfudh us

fofo/rk gM+i yhA

fiQuyS.M ds çkd`frd ouksa esa lcls vf/d ydM+h ruksa ds :i esa çfr gSDVj 700&800

?kuehVj ds vklikl feyrh gSA bu taxyksa esa çfr gSDVj cM+s isM+ vis{kkd`r de la[;k eas feyrs gSaA

cM+s isM+ksa ds chp esa ;k rks NksVs isM+ vkSj vU; ouLifr;ka gksrh gSa ;k fiQj dkiQh txg [kkyh iM+h

jgrh gSA

82

ftu ruksa esa çca/u fd;k tk jgk gS] muesa ogh o`{k&çtkfr;ka bl Lrj ij vis{kkd`r tYnh

igqap tkrh gSaA mitkÅ tehu ij iuik 70 o"kZ iqjkuk Lçwl o`{kksa dk taxy çfr gSDVj 600 ?ku ehVj

rd ruk&dk"B (Vªad oqM) okyk gks ldrk gSA ;g vuqikr loksZÙke çkd`frd ouksa dh rqyuk esa FkksM+k

gh de gSA

bldh O;k[;k cM+h ljy gSA lqçcaf/r ou esa dksbZ [kkyh txg ugha gksrh % çR;sd gSDVj

tehu esa fdlh u fdlh vkdkj ds vf/dre isM+ mxs gksrs gSaA oSls Hkh tc isM+ksa dh NaVkbZ dh tk

jgh gksrh gS] rks ouikyd (iQkWjsLVj) lcls rst mxus okys loksZÙke o`{kksa dks ugha dkVrs vkSj tks Bhd

ls ugha mx jgs ,sls fudEes isM+ksa dks gh dkVrs gSaA ;gh çfØ;k çkd`frd ou esa Hkh gksrh gS] ysfdu

cgqr ckn dh voLFkk esaA bldk eryc gqvk fd loksZÙke o`{kksa dks viuh o`f¼ dh lcls egRoiw.kZ

vkSj rhoz voLFkk esa nwljs isM+ksa ls /wi] ikuh vkSj iks"kd rRo ds fy, Li/kZ djuh iM+rh gSA bUgha lc

dkj.kksa ls ;g rdZlaxr çrhr gksrk gS fd çkd`frd ouksa dh vis{kk çkd`frd :i ls iqutkZr lqçcaf/kr

ouksa esa oSlk gh vf/dre dkcZu&laxzg de le; esa gks tk,A

ysfdu bldh iqf"V ds fy, gekjs ikl dksbZ çek.k ugha gSA gksrk ;g gS fd çcaf/r ou tYnh

gh dkV fy, tkrs gSa D;ksa bekjrh ydM+h ds yk;d isM+ cM+k gqvk fd] O;kikfjd ou esa fiQj dksbZ

mls T;knk nsj [kM+s jgus dh btktr ugha nsrkA tSls gh isM+ iqjkus iM+us yxrs gSa] mudh o`f¼ dh nj

de gks tkrh gS vkSj tehu ds ekfyd o`{k pØ dks NksVs&ls&NksVk j[kuk ilan djrs gSaA blfy, jksis

gq, ;k l?ku çca/u okyk dksbZ Hkh ou 100 lkyksa ls iqjkuk fey tk,] ;g eqf'dy gSA gka] cph&[kqph

fefV~V;ksa ;k cgqr B.Ms bykdksa esa] tgka o`{kksa dh o`f¼ cM+h eanxfr ls gksrh gS ;k #d tkrh gS] ogka

t:j blls Hkh iqjkus çcaf/r taxy fey tk,axsA fiQuyS.M esa bl fu;e dk ,d gh viokn

mYys[kuh; gSA iadkb jktw fjt esa NksVk ykpZ ou gS] tks ,d ou vuqla/ku dsUæ ds ikl lu~ 1870

83

ds ckn ds n'kd esa jksik x;k FkkA tc ;g ou 110 lky dk gqvk] blesa 1200 ?kuehVj ydM+h ouksa

ds :i esa FkhA bl x.kuk esa mu isM+ksa ds rus Hkh 'kkfey fd, x, tks fxjk, x, FksA

blh txg ds ikl lhek ds ikj :lh lkbM esa ykpZ ou dk ,d ,slk VqdM+k gS] tks lu~

1838 esa jksik x;k FkkA tc ;g ou 257 lky iqjkuk Fkk] rks blds ,d fgLls esa 2000 ?ku ehVj çfr

gSDVj ds cjkcj ydM+h FkhA ;g fiQuyS.M ds çkd`frd ouksa ds orZeku fjdkMZ ls <kbZ xquk vkSj

O;kikfjd ouksa ds vkSlr ls 25 xquh vf/d FkhA

vejhdk esa iqjkus jSMoqM okys ouksa esa ydM+h dh vkSlr ek=kk çfr gSDVj 400 ?ku ehVj rd

feyh gSA gks ldrk gS fd çfr gSDVj vf/d ydM+h okys loksZÙke ou igys dkV fy, x, gksaA

blfy, vc tks taxy cpk gS og mu çkphu HkO; jSMoqMksa ds lkeus dqN Hkh ugha gS vkSj mldk

çfrfuf/Ro ugha dj ldrkA iqjkus jSMoqM okyh ,d ouLFkyh esa çfr gSDVj tehu ls Åij 3500 Vu

rd ydM+h gqvk djrh FkhA

ysfdu rVorhZ jSMoqM fdlh vkSj dksuhiQj dh vis{kk vf/d rsth ls c<+rs gSaA bl rjg ds

,d jSMoqM&ou dks jksik x;k rks 137 lkyksa esa mlesa 2000 ?ku ehVj ydM+h çfr gSDVj gks xbZ Fkh]

tks fd bl le; ds lcls iqjkus jSMoqM o`{kksa ds vkSlr dh rqyuk esa ikap xquh T;knk gSA

vr% ;g cM+h fnypLi foMEcuk gSA O;kikfjd ou rks vkSlru çfr gSDVj cgqr de ydM+h

vkSj dkcZu tek dj ikrs gSa] D;ksafd mudks dkVus&jksius dk pØ cM+k NksVk gksrk gS vkSj ,sls vf/drj

ouksa esa fdlh Hkh le; ubZ ikS/ ds cgqr ls VqdM+s vkSj rkts dVs isM+ksa ds BwaB okys VqdM+s lkiQ utj

vkrs gSaA fiQj Hkh ;g yxrk gS fd vxj jksik x;k ;k çcaf/r ou T;knk nsj rd mxus fn;k tk, &&

100 lky ;k dbZ lkS lkyksa rd && rks og çkd`frd pje ouksa dh rqyuk esa muls dgha T;knk dkcZu

tek dj ysxkA

84

blds vHkh gekjs ikl çek.k gSa Hkh] rks cgqr viq"V gSa] vkSj bl ifjdYiuk dks ge lR; dgus

dk nkok ugha dj ldrs vkSj u ;g dg ldrs gSa fd geus tks fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS] og fookn ls ijs

gSA cl bruk dg ldrs gSa fd vHkh rd tks NqViqV çek.k feys gSa] os blh fn'kk esa ladsr djrs gSaA

vxj iqjkus jksis ouksa dh mez] orZeku esa dk"B dh ek=kk bR;kfn ds ckjs esa fdlh ds Hkh ikl dksbZ

lwpuk gks] rks gesa t:j HkstsaA

mnkgj.k ds fy, fiQuyS.M esa fu"d"kZ ds rkSj ij ;g rdZ nsa fd dqN iqjkus jksis ouksa esa iqjkus

v{kr ouksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d dkcZu tek gS] rks dksbZ lglk fo'okl ugha djsxkA bldk dkj.k ;g

gS fd dbZ lfn;ksa ls fiQuyS.M esa dksbZ v{kr ou cpk gh ugha gSA cl ys&nsdj /qj mÙkj esa ySiyS.M

dk ou gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy, LdkWV ikgu ds isM+ 800 lky rd [kM+s jgrs gSa vkSj fiQj Hkh 150 o"kZ dh

mez ds ckn mudh yackbZ esa c<+r gksuk can gks tkrk gSA cl rus dh eksVkbZ yxkrkj rc rd c<+rh

jgrh gS] tc rd isM+ thfor jgrk gSA blh vk/kj ij ;g rdZ fn;k tk ldrk gS fd v{kr ouksa esa]

bl le; ekStwn iqjkus çkd`frd ouksa dh vis{kk dgha T;knk ydM+h cuh gksxhA

mÙkjh ySiyS.M esa dqN ou{ks=k cgqr iqjkus gSa] ftUgsa v{kr ou Hkh ekuk tk ldrk gSA buesa

çfr gSDVj 300&400 ?kuehVj ydM+h feyrh gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ns'k ds nf{k.kh fgLls ds

v{kr ouksa esa dk"B dh ek=kk 600&800 ?kuehVj çfr gSDVj jgh gksxhA

nwljs] fiQuyS.M tSlh gh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iuis fgeky;&gsaxqvu ioZrksa ij ik, tkus okys v{kr

ouksa esa 1000&2000 ?kuehVj ruk&dk"B feyrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa vHkh fuf'pr rkSj ij dqN ugha dgk

tk ldrk vkSj bl le; tYnh esa dqN irk yxkuk Hkh eqf'dy gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkh vuqekur% ;g dg

ldrs gSa fd jksis x,s ;k çcaf/r ou Hkh çkd`frd pje ouksa ls vf/d dkcZu laxzghr dj ldrs gSaA

85

,d fopkj ;g Hkh iuik gS fd m".kdfVca/h; o"kkZouksa esa Hkh çkd`frd voLFkk esa ftruk

dkcZu laxzg fd;k tkrk gS] mlesa Hkh o`f¼ djus dh laHkkouk gSA tSlk fd Åij crk;k x;k gS] m".k

dfVca/h; o"kkZouksa esa çfr gSDVj 700&800 Vu rd dkcZu tek gks tkrk gSA ysfdu bldk vkSlr ukisa

rks cgqr de cSBrk gS] ;gh dksbZ 200 Vu çfr gSDVjA ;g okLro esa cgqr de gS D;ksafd jksis x, ou

Hkh mÙkjh ou {ks=k esa blls ikap xquk rd dkcZu tek dj ysrs gSaA

bl igsyh dks Hkh cw>k tk ldrk gS fd o"kkZou esa bruk de dkcZu D;ksa tek gksrk gSA bldk

lh/k&lknk lk dkj.k ;g gS fd o"kkZouksa esa çfr gSDVj NksVs isM+ gh T;knk gksrs gSa] ftudk O;kl 1

ehVj ls T;knk ugha gksrkA ftudk O;kl 15 ;k 20 ehVj gks] brus cM+s isM+ rks o"kkZ ouksa esa cl

dgha&dgha fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA ;ksa ,sls isM+ dHkh&dHkh cgqr cM+s gks ldrs gSaA HkwxksyosÙkk boku Vh-

lS.MlZu us crk;k gS fd o"kkZouksa ds dqN Hkhedk; o`{k rks dSyhiQksfuZ;k ds cps&[kqps fo'kky fl,jk

jSMoqMksa ls Hkh vf/d ydM+h iSnk djrs gSaA ysfdu ,sls cM+s isM+ cgqr fojys gh feyrs gSa vkSj ,d

gSDVj esa dqN bus&fxus isM+ gh ,sls gksrs gSaA ,d ,slh d`f"k okfudh ç.kkyh gks] ftlesa eku yhft,

fd NksVs&NksVs isM+ksa ds chp 60 ;k 70 czkthy uV ds o`{k çfr gSDVj mx jgs gksa] rks iwjh rjg vuNq,

o"kkZou ls 'kk;n bl ç.kkyh okys ou esa dgha T;knk dkcZu tek gksxkA

vkxs pydj isM+ksa dh tM+ksa esa tek dkcZu Hkh egRoiw.kZ gks tk,xkA ouo`{kksa dh tM+ksa esa gok

ls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ds vo'kks"k.k ij fo'ks"k vuqla/ku ugha gqvk gSA D;ksafd ;s tMs+a tehu ds uhps

c<+rh gSa vkSj ogk¡ mUgksaus fdruk dkcZu tek fd;k] bldh uki&tks[k djuk eqf'dy gSA bl ckjs esa

Hkh vf/d tkudkjh miyC/ ugha gSA isM+ks ds ruksa] 'kk[kkvksa vkSj ifÙk;ksa esa laxzg gksus okys dkcZu dh

ek=kk ,d fuf'pr lhek rd gh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA eryc ;g fd ,d gSDVj esa mxrs isM+ksa vkSj

ouLifr;ksa esa dkcZu dh ek=kk laxzghr djus dh ,d Åijh lhek gS] ftlds Åij ;g ek=kk ugha c<+kbZ

tk ldrhA 'kk;n ;gh ckr isM+ksa ds mu fgLlksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrh gS] tks tehu ds vanj jgrs gSaA tM+sa

86

nsj&lcsj vi?kfVr gksrh gSa vkSj mudk dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM fudydj gok esa fey tkrk gSA ysfdu

cgqr lw[kh] cgqr xhyh ;k cgqr BaMh n'kkvksa esa tM+ksa dk vi?kVu gksus esa dkiQh nsj yx ldrh gSA

vfr 'khry ;k vfr'kq"d tyok;qvksa esa ;gh gksrk gksxk] D;ksafd ogka vf/d BaM ;k ikuh dh

csgn deh ds dkj.k tSo lkexzh dk vi?kVu gksus esa dkiQh nsj yxrh gSA tM+sa ftruh T;knk vanj

çfo"V gksaxh] muesa feV~Vh dh xgjh ijrksa esa dkcZu va'k tek djus dh {kerk mruh gh vf/d gks

ldrh gSA dqN le; ds fy, rks og feV~Vh esa jgsxk ghA

txg ftruh lw[kh gksxh] isM+ksa ds dqy ck;ksekl dk ,d cM+k fgLlk mruk gh T;knk tehu dh

lrg ds uhps jgsxkA fVeks dktZ ysuu ds vuqlkj cksfj;y ouksa esa isM+ksa dh tM+ksa esa dkcZu dh ek=kk

muds ruksa] 'kk[kkvksa vkSj ifÙk;ksa esa ekStwn dkcZu va'k ls cl ekewyh rkSj ij gh de gksrh gSA ysfdu

lw[kh tehuksa esa isM+ksa dh tM+ksa esa mlds ruksa vkSj 'kk[kkvksa ls dkiQh T;knk dkcZu tek gks tkrk gSA

'kq"d vkSj v/Z'kq"d {ks=kksa esa tks isM+ cp jgrs gSa mudh tM+sa [kaaHkksa tSlh gks tkrh gSa vkSj

dHkh&dHkh vanj dh feV~Vh dh ijrksa dks Hksnrh gqbZ ikuh dh ryk'k esa 60 ;k 70 ehVj rd vanj

pyh tkrh gSaA ^fxuht cqd vkWiQ fjdkWMZ~l* ds vuqlkj taxyh vathj ds ,d isM+ dh tM+sa nf{k.k

vizQhdk ds Vªkaloky jkT; esa 120 ehVj dh vk'p;Ztud xgjkbZ rd pyh xbZaA la;ksx nsf[k, fd

flj,jk jSMoqMksa esa ls lcls yack isM+ Hkh bruh gh vf/dre yackbZ çkIr dj ikrk gSA

,d gSDVj tehu esa ,d lkFk lhfer la[;k esa gh isM+ mxk, tk ldrs gSa] D;ksafd muds fcuk

ikuh] /wi vkSj iks"kd rRoksa ds fy, gksM+ jgrh gSA

ysfdu tc iqjkus isM+ksa dh txg u, isM+ jksis tkrs gSa] rks vki ikS/ dks ubZ txgksa esa yxkrs gSa

vkSj bu ubZ txgksa esa mudh tM+sa [kaHkksa dh rjg c<+rh gSA 'kq"d ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa bl çdkj ds tM+ra=k

dks lM+us esa le; yxrk gS] blfy, gh gks ldrk gS fd dbZ o`f¼&pØksa ds ckn bu isM+ksa dh

87

[kaHks&tSlh tM+ksa esa gtkjksa 'kk[kk&ç'kk[kk,a cu tk,a tks dkiQh xgjh pyh xbZ gksa vkSj lrg ds ikl dh

,d gSDVj txg esa iqjkuk tM+&ra=k iwjh rjg lM+&xy tk,A

vxj ge ,sls isM+ mxk ldsa] tks lrg ds uhps 120 ehVj rd xgjkbZ esa pys tk,a rks fl¼kar

:i esa gesa dksbZ 12 yk[k ?ku ehVj ck;ksekl çfr gSDVj esa ,slk fey tk,xk] tks ok;qeaMyh; dkcZu

Mkb vkWDlkbM vius Hkhrj [khaprk jgsxkA

vHkh dksbZ ugha tkurk fd bl rjg fdruk dkcZu vanj tehu esa tek gksrk jgsxk] ysfdu

bldk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA bldk ,d rjhdk ;g gks ldrk gS fd [kuu djus okyksa ds lkFk

feydj ;g ns[kk tk, fd tc os [kku [kksnrs gSa] rks isM+ksa dh fdruh tM+sa vanj cp tkrh gSa vkSj

vyx&vyx rjg dh tyok;qvksa esa os tehu esa fdl xgjkbZ esa fdrus fnu cuh jgrh gSaA

bldk eryc ;g ugha fd tM+ra=kksa esa vf/d dkcZu lks[k ldsa] blds fy, 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa esa

cgqr cM+s bykds esa yach tM+ksa okys isM+ yxk fn, tk,aA D;ksafd ;g O;kogkfjd ugha gksxkA ysfdu tks

Hkh isM+ yxsaxs] os dkiQh dkcZu lks[k ysaxs] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gSA 'kq"d {ks=kksa ds fy, ubZ fdLe ds

[kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa dk çtuu djus ds ç;kl fd, tkus pkfg,A 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa esa mxus okys vf/drj

[kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa dh tM+sa yach gh gksrh gS] D;ksafd ueh dh ryk'k mUgsa xgjkbZ esa ys tkrh gSA

vHkh rd rks vkneh dh djrwrksa us tehu ds Åij Hkh ck;ksekl ?kVk;k gS vkSj tM+ra=kksa esa tek

gksus okys dkcZu dh ek=kk Hkh muds dkj.k de gksrh xbZ gSA

m".kdfVca/h; o"kkZouksa ds isM+ksa dh tM+ksa esa Hkh tSo&dkcZu dh vk'kk ls vf/d ek=kk tek gks

ldrh gSA ;g nkok fd;k x;k Fkk fd vestu ds taxyksa esa 90 çfr'kr isM+ksa dh tM+as tehu ds uhps

nl lsaVhehVj dh xgjkbZ rd gh iQSyh jgrh gSaA ysfdu Mku usiLVSaM us dqN le; igys irk yxk;k

fd ;g nkok lp ugha FkkA

88

blls irk pyrk gS fd vyx&vyx ikfjra=kksa esa mxus okys o`{kksa ds tM+&ra=k ds ckjs esa gekjh

tkudkjh fdruh de gSA gj dksbZ ;gh ekurk jgk fd o"kkZouksa dk tM+&{ks=k cM+k mFkyk gksrk gS ysfdu

usiLVSM vkSj mlds lg;ksfx;ksa us igyh ckj bl ekU;rk dks FkksFkk lkfcr fd;kA

usiLVSM vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa us irk yxk;k fd o"kkZouksa ds o`{k okLro esa xgjh tM+as iSnk djrs

gSaA mUgksaus isM+ksa ds ikl [kqnkbZ dh rks [kksnrs pys x, vkSj tM+sa vkSj xgjs esa tkrh feyrh xbZaZA ;gka

rd fd os 21 ehVj dh xgjkbZ rd c<+ xbZ FkhaA ;s T;knk eksVh ugha FkhaA lcls cM+h tM+sa lrg ds

ikl gh ikbZ xbZaA ysfdu muds >qaM ds >qaM vla[; iryh tM+ksa ds lkFk tehu ds dkiQh cM+s fgLls

dks ?ksjs gq, FksA tkfgj gS fd ;s tM+sa lrg ds ikl ds iks"kdrRoksa dks uhps xgjs esa fjl tkus ls igys

gh isM+ esa p<+kus dk egRoiw.kZ dke dj jgh FkhaA

bu lHkh laHkkoukvksa dk foLrkj ls o.kZu ge vxys vè;k; esa djsaxs] ysfdu dqy feykdj ;g

rks Li"V gS fd isM+ksa ds ck;ksekl esa dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dk bruk fo'kky HkaMkj lafpr gks ldrk gS]

ftldh igys fdlh us dYiuk Hkh ugha dhA

^;w-,l- lqiksVZ iQkWj daVjh LVMht Vw ,Mªsl DykbesV psat* ds MkbjsDVj jkWcVZ ds- fMDlu us

fglkc yxk;k gS fd vxj 12&15 eq[; ns'kksa esa 50 djksM+ ls 80 djksM+ gSDVj esa okfudh vkSj

d`f"kokfudh dh lq/jh fVdkÅ fof/;ka viukbZ tk,a rks /jrh dk 0-5 ls 1-5 vjc Vu dkcZu muesa gj

lky tek gks ldrk gSA fMDlu ds vuqlkj fofHkUu d`f"k okfudh&ç.kkfy;ka çfr gSDVj 12 ls 228

Vu dkcZu lafpr dj ldrh gSaA bl vkdyu esa tehu ds uhps ds tM+&ra=k dks Hkh tksM+k x;k FkkA

ts-Mh- vu:g vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us fglkc yxk;k gS fd vizQhdk esa d`f"k okfudh dk

çpyu 1-55 vjc gSDVj esa fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;gka mxs isM+ vkSj ck;ksekl esa 8 ls 54 vjc Vu

dkcZu vo'kksf"kr gks ldrk gSA blesa ls tehu ds Åij dk ck;ksekl rhu ls 15 Vu vkSj tehu dh

feV~Vh vkSj tM+&ra=k 1-3 ls 6-5 Vu dkcZu çfr gSDVj lks[ksxkA

89

;s vkadM+s cM+s mRlkgçn gSa vkSj bUgsa cM+h lko/kuh ls ifjdfyr fd;k x;k gSA

xzkeh.k thfodk c<+k;sxh d`f"kokfudh ;kuh o`{k[ksrh

^;w-,u-lh-bZ-Mh-* dk lu 1992 esa ,d lEesyu gqvk Fkk] ftlesa vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa us lu~ 2000

ls igys vius&vius ;gka dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk mRltZu ?kVkdj 1990 ds Lrj ij ys vkus dk

ok;nk fd;k FkkA gkykafd ;g cM+k lk/kj.k&lk dne Fkk] ysfdu rc ;g vk'kk dh xbZ Fkh fd vkxs

pydj blh fn'kk esa vkSj Hkh lkFkZd ç;kl fd, tk,axsA

lu~ 1997 ds var esa D;ksVks dh cSBd esa vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa us vkf[kj esa ;g ok;nk fd;k fd os

2012 ls igys xzhu gkml xSlksa dk mRltZu ?kVkdj 1990 ds Lrj ls Hkh ikap çfr'kr uhps ys vk,axsA

gkykafd ^vkbZ-ih-lh-lh-* us tyok;q&ifjorZu ds ladV dks de djus ds fy, blls dgha T;knk ?kVkus

dh ekax j[kh Fkh] ysfdu fiQj Hkh D;ksVks&le>kSrs dks xzhugkml xSlksa dk mRltZu de djus dh fn'kk

esa cM+k ,sfrgkfld dne ekuk x;kA

tqykbZ&2001 esa cksu esa gq, lEesyu esa bls vkSj Hkh iryk dj fn;k x;kA

cksu esa ;g iQSlyk fd;k x;k fd tks vkS|ksfxd ns'k D;ksVks le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj nsaxs os

xzhugkml&xSlksa dk mRltZu Lohd`r Lrj rd ?kVkus ds fy, nwljs ns'kksa ls dkcZu Mkb

vkWDlkbM&mRltZu dksVk [kjhn ldrs gSaA blds fy, bUgsa rhljh nqfu;k ;k iwoZ lksfo;r ;wfu;u esa xzhu

gkml&xSlksa esa dVkSrh ds ç;klksa esa foÙkh; lgk;rk nsuh gksxh ;k fiQj ls vf/d isM+ yxkdj taxyksa esa

vkSj [ksrksa dh feV~Vh esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks vo'kksf"kr djk,aA

90

okLro esa vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa us lu~ 2012 rd vius&vius ;gka xzhugkml xSlksa dk mRltZu dsoy

1-8 çfr'kr ?kVkus dk ok;nk fd;kA bldk viokn dsoy vejhdk Fkk] ftlus vius ;gka xzhugkml

xSlksa ds mRltZu dks ?kVkdj ,d frgkbZ djus dh dle [kk;hA

vxyk dne vkSj Hkh dfBu gksxkA vly esa iwjh nqfu;k esa dkcZuMkb vkWDlkbM dk mRltZu

60 ls 80 çfr'kr rd ?kVkuk gSA blds fy, mÙkjh fo'o esa rks lcls T;knk dne mBkus gksaxs vkSj

nf{k.k ds ns'kksa dks Hkh vius&vius ;gka lHkh xzhugkml xSlksa dks gok esa NksM+us dh ek=kk ?kVkus ds fy,

jkth gksuk gksxkA nf{k.k ds vusd ns'kksa us if'peh ns'kksa ij vkjksi yxk;k gS fd muds ;gka dh fo'o

dh tula[;k rks ek=k 20 çfr'kr gS] ysfdu ftruh xzhu gkml xSlsa NksM+h tkrh gSa] mldk 60 çfr'kr

bUgha ns'kksa dh nsu gSA ckaXykns'k dh rqyuk esa ;fn vejhdk çfr O;fDr 100 xquh dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM

iSnk dj jgk gS] rks ;g dgka dk U;k; gksxk fd nksuksa ns'kksa dks 60 ;k 80 çfr'kr dVkSrh ds fy, dgk

tk,A

rhljh nqfu;k ds vusd ns'k ;g pkgrs gSa fd mUgsa çfr O;fDr vk/kj ij xzhugkml xSl iSnk

djus dh eatwjh nh tk,A ;kuh ftl ns'k dh vkcknh 10 djksM+ gS mls 1 djksM+ dh vkcknh okys ns'k

ls 10 xquk vf/d mRltZu iSnk djus dh btktr gksxhA vxj bl ij vke lgefr gks tkrh gS] rks

rhljh nqfu;k ds vf/drj ns'k vHkh dqN le; rd xzhugkml xSlsa iSnk djrs jgsaxsA ;k fiQj vius mu

dksVkvksa dks vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa dks csp nsaxs] ftudk os vHkh bLrseky ugha dj ik jgsA nwljh vksj

vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa dks viuh ns'kksa esa bu xSlksa ds mRltZu esa Hkkjh dVkSrh djuh gksxh ;k fiQj mUgsa rhljh

nqfu;k ds ns'kksa ls muds dksVs ds mRltZu [kjhnus gksaxsA

^vks-bZ-lh-Mh-* us fglkc yxk;k gS fd bl le; tc oSf'od mRltZuksa esa 20 çfr'kr dVkSrh

dh ckr gks jgh gS] rks mRltZu&ifjeVksa ds nke vejhdh Mkyj 100 ls 350 çfr Vu dkcZu rd igqap

x, gSaA nsgyh esa fLFkr ^ls.Vj iQkWj lkbal ,.M ,Uok;jues.V* us fglkc yxk;k gS fd blls rhljh

91

nqfu;k ds ns'k fons'kh eqæk ds :i esa de ls de çfr o"kZ 100 vjc vejhdh Mkyj dek ldrs gSaA

tc nqfu;k 60 ls 80 çfr'kr dVkSrh dh vksj eqM+sxh rks mRltZu&dksVkvksa ds Ø;&ewY; esa varjk"Vªh;

O;kikj txr esa Hkkjh c<+ksÙkjh gks tk,xhA

vxys 30&40 lkyksa esa bl ckr ij Hkkjh jktuhfrd fookn iSnk gks ldrk gS fd fofHkUu

xzhugkml xSlksa dks mRlftZr djus ds vf/dkj dSls ckaVs tk,axsA 21oha lnh dh ubZ vkfFkZd O;oLFkk

dks Hkh ;gh ckr çHkkfor djsxhA

mRltZu ijfeVksa ds vykok ok;qeaMy ls dkcZu lks[kus okys taxy ftUgsa dkcZu&flad dgk

tkrk gS & mudk çca/u Hkh O;kikj dk fgLlk cu tk,xkA vxj ,slk gksrk gS vkSj ljdkjksa dks dkcZu

dks gfj;kyh ds :i esa tek djus ij tks Mkyj feyrs gSa] rks mlesa xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa dks Hkh viuh

vkenuh dk fgLlk feyuk pkfg,\

;g çLrko ewyr% fiQuyS.M us gh j[kk Fkk fd tyok;q laca/h le>kSrs esa dkcZu&flad dks Hkh

'kkfey fd;k tk,A fiQuyS.M us ;g lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd taxyksa esa tek dkcZu dh ek=kk esa c<+r ;k

?kVr dks Hkh jk"Vªh; xSl&mRltZu laca/h x.kuk esa tksM+k tk,A ebZ] 1992 esa U;w;kdZ esa ^dUosa'ku vkWu

DykbesV psat* ds ewy <kaps ds elkSns esa bl fl¼kar dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA tyok;q ifjorZu ij

fopkj djus ds fy, ;g lEesyu fjvks fn tkusfjvks ds la;qDr jk"Vª ds i;kZoj.k vkSj fodkl lEesyu

ls igys gqvk FkkA

tyok;q lEesyu esa tc ppkZ fNM+h rks vusd i;kZoj.kfon mlds le>kSrs esa dkcZu&flad dks

'kkfey djus ds fy, jkth ugha FksA vusd i;kZoj.k&laxBuksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd taxyksa esa dkcZu dk

Lofo;kstu bl leL;k dk vkaf'kd lek/ku gh gS] D;ksafd ouksa esa fdruk dkcZu lks[kk tk ldrk gS

bldh lhek cM+h Li"V gSA tc isM+ ejus yxrs gSa rks mudk dkcZu fiQj ls dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM xSl

ds :i esa gok esa fey tkrk gSA vkxs pydj ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dh ek=kk c<+us ij

92

rHkh ikcanh yx ldrh gS] tc rsy] dks;yk vkSj çkd`frd xSl ds mi;ksx dks lhfer fd;k tk,A

vxj tks taxy dkcZu lks[kus ds fy, cpk, vkSj cuk, x, gSa] muesa vkx yx xbZ rks D;k gksxk \

ysfdu nwljh i;kZoj.k laLFkk,a ,slh Hkh Fkha] ftUgksaus le>kSrs esa dkcZu&flad 'kkfey djus ds

iQk;ns fxukrs gq, bl lq>ko dk Lokxr fd;kA

mUgksaus crk;k fd bl lq>ko dks 'kkfey djus ls nwljs iQk;nksa ds vykok lcls cM+k ykHk ;g

gksxk fd ljdkjsa vius cps&[kqps ou&{ks=kksa dks u"V gksus ls cpkus ds ç;kl djsaxhaA bl fopkj dk

leFkZu djus okyksa esa vestu&ou ds vkfnoklh vkSj czkthfy;u vestksukl (CNS) ds jcM+ dk nw/

fudkyus okyksa vkSj esok&xqByh oxSjg bdV~Bs djus okyksa dh ;wfu;usa eq[; FkhaA

dkcZu lafpr djus okys ouksa ds jksi.k dk dke vLFkk;h rkSj ij pykus ls ckr ugha cusxhA

ouksa dk çca/u bl rjg fd;k tk ldrk gS fd vfuf'pr lky rd ogka mxs isM+ksa vkSj vU; ck;ksekl

esa dkcZu Hkkjh ek=kk esa bdV~Bk gksrk jgsA blds fy, cM+k vklku&lk rjhdk ;g gS fd okfudh esa isM+

dkVus vkSj jksius dk tks pØ bLrseky gksrk gS] mldh vof/ c<+k nh tk,A lkFk gh ;g rF; Hkh

è;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg, fd vusd o`{k&çtkfr;ka ,slh gSa] tks vxj NsM+h u tk,a rks ,d ;k vusd

gtkj o"kksZa rd Hkh gjh jgrh gSaA

dkcZu&lap; ds fy, jksik x;k vkSj lajf{kr fd;k x;k ou lkekU; ouksa dh rqyuk esa nkokuyksa

ls Hkh vf/d lqjf{kr jgsxkA cM+s&cw<+s isM+ksa dh ctk; u, vkSj toku isM+ tYnh vkx idM+rs gSa]

D;ksafd cM+s isM+ksa dh Nky eksVh gksrh gS] ftl ij vkx dk vlj vklkuh ls ugha gksrkA ckvksckc tSls

isM+ rks ,sls vfXujks/h gSa fd fdlh Hkh rjg dh nkokfXu mUgsa tyk ugha ldrhA cl mudk gjk gksuk

t:jh gS] ftlls fd muesa ueh dk va'k Hkjiwj cuk jgsA

xjekrh /jrh (Xykscy okfeZax) fuf'p; gh fo'o ds vusd Hkkxksa ds taxyksa esa yxus okyh

vkx dh mxzrk c<+k;sxh] ysfdu ouksa dh vkSlr vk;q ftruh vf/d gksxh] mruk gh bu nkokfXu;ksa dk

93

mu ij vlj iM+sxkA gksrk ;g gS fd lkekU; O;kikfjd ouksa esa 'kk;n gh fdlh isM+ dks bruh mez rd

mxus fn;k tkrk gS fd og ekewyh gYdh vkx ls cpkus yk;d Nky Hkh iSnk dj ik,A bu ;qok o`{kksa

ds irys oYdy oL=k vkx idM+rs gh mUgsa iQkSju >qylk nsrs gSaA vusd nf{k.kh laxBuksa us nwljs [krjs

Hkh fxuk, gSaA vxj ljdkjksa us futh daifu;ksa dh enn ls nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z ds ns'kksa esa dkcZu&lap; ds

fy, fo'kky ou {ks=kksa dk jksi.k djkuk 'kq: dj fn;k rks ,d rks iapk;rh tehuksa dk cM+s iSekus ij

futhdj.k 'kq: gks ldrk gS vkSj nwljs cgqr cM+h vkcknh ij foLFkkiu dh ryokj yVd ldrh gSA

FkkbyS.M dh ljdkj us tc 45 yk[k gSDVj esa liQsnk (;wdfyIVl) ds taxy yxkus dh ;kstuk ?kksf"kr

dh rks ogka mldk rhoz fojks/ fd;k x;k vkSj vkf[kj esa mls jn~n djuk iM+k] D;ksafd vxj ;g ykxw

dh tkrh rks 50 yk[k ls 100 yk[k ds djhc yksx foLFkkfir gks tkrsA vejhdk ds ÅtkZ ea=kky; us

/jrh ds xjekus ij jksd yxkus ds fy, rhljh nqfu;k esa 70 djksM+ gSDVj {ks=k esa u, ou jksius dk

çLrko j[kk gSA bl rjg ds lCtckx vxj lpeqp [kM+s dj fn, x, rks dksbZ vanktk yxk ldrk gS

fd fdruh vkcknh cs?kj gks tk,xhA

dkcZu&lap; ds fy, ou jksi.k ds fopkj dks okLro esa O;kogkfjd vkSj mi;ksxh cukus ds

cgqr ls jkLrs gSaA blesa lcls T;knk è;ku bl ckr dk j[kuk gS fd bl dke ls xjhcksa ds lhfer

lalk/u vk/kj vkSj mudh thfodk&lqj{kk Nhuus dh ctk; ;g ;kstuk muds gh gkFkksa ls dk;kZfUor

djkbZ tk, rkfd dkcZu&lap; ouksa ls muds lalk/uksa esa o`f¼ gksA

blds dbZ rjhds gSaA igyk ;g fd dkcZu&lap;&ou jksius dh ekax ds lkFk ;g 'krZ j[kh tk,

fd lHkh isM+ ,sls gksaxs tks fd vkneh ds [kkus ;ksX; dan&ewy&iQy bR;kfn iSnk djsaA nwljh 'krZ gksxh

fd bu taxyksa dks buesa vkSj buds vklikl jgus okys xzkeh.k ifjokjksa ds fy, [kqyk j[kk tk,xk rkfd

os muesa ls vius [kkus ;ksX; dan&ewy&iQy&iQyh&cht&ifÙk;ka&[kqaHkh vkfn ds vykok baZ/u ds fy,

tehu ij fxjh Vgfu;ka oxSjg bdV~Bh dj ldsaA ,d ckj isM+ brus cM+s gks tk,a fd mu ij cdfj;ka

94

vkSj nwljs i'kq eqag u ekj ldsa rks taxy esa mxh ?kkl vkSj vU; tehuh ouLifr dks pjkbZ ds fy, Hkh

[kksyuk gksxkA bl dk;ZØe esa [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa dh ,slh çtkfr;ka pquuh gksaxh] ftu ij >kfM+;ksa esa

yxh vkx vkSj taxy dh vkx dk vklkuh ls vlj u gksA

bl rjg ds ç;klksa dh 'kk;n ge rhu egRoiw.kZ 'krksZa ij leFkZu ns ldrs gSaA ftl rjg

cksu&le>kSrs esa ekuk x;k gS] ljdkjsa xSlksa ds mRltZu dk ,d r; fd;k x;k vuqikr gh la;qDr

m|eksa ds tfj, de djsa] ftlds fy, ;k rks ou&jksi.k ds }kjk gok esa ls dkcZu ?kVk;k tk, ;k

dkcZu flad [kjhnk tk, ;k vU; ns'kksa ls mRltZu&dksVk [kjhns tk,aA ljdkjksa dks ÅtkZ dh cpr

djus okyh çks|ksfxfd;ksa dks viukus vkSj v{k; ÅtkZ ds mi;ksx ij Hkh fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk gksxkA

ou&o`{kksa vkSj taxy esa iQSyh tSo&lkexzh (ck;ksekl) dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dk lap; ,d lhek rd

gh dj ldrh gS] vr% gok esa bl xSl dh ek=kk de djus ds nwljs rjhds Hkh viuk, tk,aA dkcZu

flad ds :i esa ou&jksi.k rHkh 'kq: fd;k tk, tc o`{kk jksi.k vkSj o`{kksa dh ns[kHkky dk dke

ljdkj vkSj LFkkuh; yksxksa ds chp ckaVk x;k gksA

rhljs] ouksa dks dkcZu&lap;&ou rHkh ekuk tk, tc mlesa [kk|&mRiknd o`{k mxk, x, gksa

vkSj og LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy, [kqyk gksA

'kk;n lcls vge eqn~nk ;g gS fd ykxw fd, tk jgs ou&jksi.k dk;ZØeksa esa xjhcksa ds gkFkksa

esa lalk/u vkSj T;knk j[ks tk jgs gSa ;k fd igys gh thus ds fy, la?k"kZjr yksxksa ds gkFkksa ls lalk/u

Nhus tk jgs gSa \

,sls vusd [kk|&mRiknd o`{k gSa tks cM+k Hkkjh vkdkj xzg.k dj ldrs gSaA ,sls

dkcZu&lap;&ou ftuesa cM+s vkdkj okys [kk|&mRiknd o`{k&çtkfr;ka mxh gksa] os LFkkuh; O;fDr;ksa ds

fy, tYnh gh cM+s egRoiw.kZ cu tk,axs vkSj muesa yksdfç; gks tk,axsA ;s yksx bu taxyksa ls vius

ifjokj dk isV Hkh Hkjsaxs vkSj dan&ewy&iQy] frygu vkfn cspdj dqN dekbZ Hkh dj ysaxsA ;q¼ vkSj

95

vdky ds fnuksa esa ,sls ou yksxksa ds çk.k&j{kd cu tk,axs] D;ksafd ml ladV dky esa Hkh ;s taxy

iks"kd [kk| iSnk djrs jgsaxsA ;q¼ dk tSlk cqjk vlj okf"kZd iQlyksa ij iM+rk gS] oSlk lnkcgkj isM+ksa

okys ouksa ij ugha iM+rkA tc yksx [ksrksa esa dke ugha dj ikrs] mu fnuksa esa Hkh [kk|&mRiknd o`{k

mUgsa lgkjk nsaxsA vusd o`{k Hk;adj lw[ks ds fnuksa esa Hkh gjs jgrs gSa vkSj [kk| inkFkZ iSnk djrs jgrs gSaA

vxj isM+ksa dks jksius ls igys muds lkFk tM+ksa ij mxus okys ekbdksjkbtk&e'k:e Hkh jksi fn, tk,a rks

taxy ls cM+h ek=kk esa iks"kd e'k:e Hkh feyrs jgsaxsA

dkcZu&lap;&ouksa esa [kk|&mRiknd o`{k gksaxs rks os okLro esa ,sls ifo=k ou cu tk,axs]

ftudh LFkkuh; yksx çk.ki.k ls j{kk djsaxsA ekSdk vkus ij bUgsa cpkus ds fy, os viuh tku dh

ckth yxk nsaxsA dkcZu Lofu;kstu (sequestration) ds fy, ;g cM+k egRoiw.kZ fopkj gSA vxj

dgha dkcZu&lap;&ou yxkus ls LFkkuh; yksxksa dh jksth&jksVh fNuh rks fiQj ;s taxy T;knk fnu ugha

fVdsaxsA yksx jkr esa pksjh Nqis taxy esa ?kqlsaxs vkSj ubZ jksih ikS/ m[kkM+dj ys tk,axs ;k fiQj mUgsa mYVk

djds fiQj ls jksi nsaxs! isM+ cM+s gksus ij os ekSdk ikdj mudh ydM+h dkV ys tk,axsA vxj LFkkuh;

yksx mYVs iM+ tk,a rks pkgs ftrus pkSdhnkj yxk nsa] fo'kky ou&{ks=kksa dks turk ds dksi ls cpkuk

eqf'dy gSA bu pkSdhnkjksa dks ixkj gh fdruh feyrh gSA blfy, bUgsa ?kwl nsdj iQqlykuk vkSj

Mjkuk&/edkuk dksbZ cM+h ckr ugha gSA vxj osru c<+k, x, rks ou&j{kk dk [kpkZ bruk c<+ tk,xk

fd mls >sy ikuk ljdkjksa ;k daifu;ksa ds o'k dk ugha gSA lw[ks fnuksa esa vkØks'k ls Hkjk ,d vkneh

ekfpl dh ,d rhyh ls gh taxy dk cM+k fgLlk tykdj jk[k dj nsxk vkSj fiQj LFkkuh; yksxksa esa

ls dksbZ Hkh vkx cq>kus Hkh ugha vk,xkA

lcls vPNk O;kogkfjd fodYi ;gh gksxk fd bu ouksa ls LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy, [kk|&lqj{kk

vkSj vkfFkZd lqj{kk dk ,slk LFkk;h lzksr cu tk, fd os okLro esa bUgsa viuk ifo=k ou ekuus yxsaA

rHkh dkcZu&lap;&ou vkSj muds isM+ksa esa lafpr dkcZu lSdM+ksa&gtkjksa lkyksa rd cus jg ldsaxsA

96

ou&fodkl ds bl ekWMy esa ljdkjksa dh Hkh fnypLih gks] blds fy, ;g O;oLFkk dh tk

ldrh gSa fd dkoZu&flad ls vftZr mRltZu&ijfeV cspus ls tks Hkh vkenuh gks og ljdkjh [kkrs esa

tk,] rkfd ljdkjsa bl iwath ls vius tu&LokLF;&dY;k.k] f'k{kk] lkekftd lqj{kk] jkstxkj&l`tu

vkSj i;kZoj.k laca/h dk;ZØe ykxw dj ldsaA bu fo'kky [kk|&ouksa ls LFkkuh; yksx csgn ykHkkfUor

gksaxs] D;ksafd mudks budk [kqyk mi;ksx djus fn;k tk,xkA cl mUgsa ;g è;ku j[kuk gksxk fd os gjs

isM+ksa dks dksbZ uqdlku u igqapk,aA

,d vkSj laHkkouk ;g gS fd ?kjsyw vkSj xzkeh.k Lrj ij Hkh bl ckjs esa è;ku fn;k tk,A bl

ekWMy esa xzkeh.k leqnk; ;k çR;sd ifjokj futh rkSj ij vius ns'k dh ljdkj ls dkcZu&lap; esa

lg;ksx dk le>kSrk djsxkA

bl laHkkouk dks ;ksa gh NksM+ ugha nsuk gS] D;ksafd ,f'k;k] vizQhdk vkSj nf{k.k vejhdk esa

vjcksa dh la[;k esa yksx jgrs gSa] tks fd vius [ksrksas esa cgqeaftyk o`{k[ksrh viuk dj gok ls cM+h

ek=kk esa dkcZu lks[kus dk bartke dj ldrs gSaA ;g çfØ;k dbZ txg igys gh viukbZ tk pqdh gS

vkSj ogk¡ [ksrksa vkSj pjkxkgksa dks ^v/Z&ouksa* esa cny fn;k x;k gS] tks ok;qeaMyh; dkcZu

MkbZvkWDlkbM dh fo'kky ek=kkvksa dk vo'kks"k.k dj jgs gSaA dqN NksVh&NksVh ouLFkfy;ksa vkSj [kqys

taxyksa esa cgqeaftyk o`{k [ksrh vkSj okfVdk,a iuikdj çfr gSDVj gjh lkexzh dk mRiknu dkiQh c<+k;k

tk ldrk gSA

iqjkus taxyksa dks m".kdfVca/h; x`g&okfVdkvksa ;k o`{k&okfVdkvksa esa cnyus ij vkerkSj ij

dkcZu&lap; esa dkiQh deh vkrh gS] ysfdu ;gka Hkh mruk iQdZ ugha iM+rk tks taxy lkiQ djds ogka

[ksr ;k pjkxkg cukus ij iM+rk gSA ;gka rks dkcZu&lap; esa çk;% 90 ls 95 çfr'kr rd deh vk

tkrh gSA nwljs] bu bykdksa esa Hkh ekuo&fufeZr o`{k&okfVdk,a fodflr dh tk ldrh gSa] ftuesa varr%

gVk, x, taxy ls Hkh T;knk dkcZu lafpr gksus yxsxkA

97

isM+ksa vkSj muds }kjk dkcZu&fo;kstu ls tqM+k ,d vkSj eqn~nk gS ftldh] tgka rd gesa ekywe

gks bl fo"k; ij gksus okys laoknksa esa 'kk;n gh dHkh ppkZ dh xbZ gksA

ouksa vkSj o`{kksa esa lafpr dkcZu dh ek=kk dh ,d Åijh lhek gSA ;g ,slk Toyar rF; gS]

ftls >qByk;k ugha tk ldrkA ysfdu bl lhek dks Hkh yka?kus dk de ls de ,d rjhdk rks gks gh

ldrk gSA vxj ge ydM+h iSnk djds mls dkcZuhd`r djds pkjdksy esa cny nsa] rks fiQj mldk

tSo&vi?kVu ugha gksxkA thok.kq vkSj vU; lw{etho fiQj mls ipk ugha ik,axsA bl pkjdksy dh tehu

esa nck fn;k tk, (tSls fd iqjkuh dks;yk [kkuksa esa) rks mlesa ca/h dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM ges'kk ds

fy, tehu esa nch jgsxhA gka] bu d`f=ke dks;yk&[kkuksa dh [kqnkbZ ugha gksuh pkfg, vkSj muesa nck

pkjdksy baZ/u ds :i tykuk ugha pkfg,A

ok;qeaMy ls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh fo'kky ek=kk lks[kus vkSj lqjf{kr <ax ls lafpr djus dk

;g ,dek=k rjhdk gSA fu;af=kr ngu dh fof/ viukdj /krq dh HkV~Vh esa ydM+h dk 70 çfr'kr

rd dkcZu va'k pkjdksy esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA bl rjg ls pkj vjc ?ku ehVj ydM+h yxHkx 70

djksM+ Vu pkjdksy ('kq¼ tSo dkcZu) cukus ds fy, dkiQh gksxhA

bl le; dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk ftruk mRltZu ok;qeaMy ls lkxjksa vkSj feV~Vh esa ugha

lks[kk tkrk] mls lafpr djus ds fy, lqçcaf/r ouksa vkSj jksfir ouksa dks 50 djksM+ ls 100 djksM+

gSDVj esa yxkus dh t:jr iM+sxh] ftlls fd pkjdksy cukus ds fy, i;kZIr ydM+h fey ldsA ysfdu

;g [kkl O;kogkfjd ugha gksxk] fiQj Hkys gh mu ouksa esa ,slh o`{k&çtkfr;ka D;ksa u mxkbZ tk,a tks fd

yksxksa dh [kk| inkFkZ] pkjk vkSj vU; t:jrsa iwjh dj ldsaA

ysfdu vxys 100 lkykas esa gks ldrk gS fd pkjdksy cukuk vkSj tehu esa nckuk ,d

egRoiw.kZ fodYi cu tk,A ml le; v{k; ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx Hkh dkiQh gksus yxsxk vkSj fLFkfr ,d

gn rd dkcw esa gksxh] fiQj Hkh gok esa ls iQkyrw dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM gVkus dh t:jr iM+sxhA gks

98

ldrk gS fd Hkkoh ihf<+;ka bl rjg ds fodYiksa esa Hkkjh fnypLih ysaA ,slk djus ds muds ikl cgqr

ls dkj.k gksaxsA

tc rd cM+s iSekus ij dkcZu&lap;&ou jksi.k ds vkSj d`f=ke ^pkjdksy&[knkusa* cukus ds

dk;ZØe ugha pyk, tk,axs rks leqæ dk tyLrj lSdM+ksa ;k gks ldrk gS fd gtkjksa lkyksa rd p<+rk

jgsA blls vjcksa yksx vkSj mudh larkusa lSdM+ksa ihf<+;ksa rd Hk;adj nfjærk esa Mwch jgsaxhaA

bl ladV ls mcjus dk ,d gh mik; gS fd ok;qeaMy ls iQkyrw dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dks

fdlh Hkh rjg iksaN MkyukA

,d u;k oSKkfud fo"k; \

ou&oSKkfudksa us vHkh rd tks vuqla/ku fd, gSa] os dsoy ouksa ls iSnk gksus okyh ydM+h dh

ek=kk c<+kdj vf/dre Lrj rd ys tkus ij gh dsfUær FksA tgka rd ge tkurs gSa xjhcksa dh

[kk|&lqj{kk lq/kjus vkSj çfr gSDVj ou esa dkcZu dk lap; T;knk ls T;knk c<+kus ds fy, ou&jksi.k

dSls fd;k tk,] bl mn~ns'; dks lkeus j[kdj ou&vuqla/ku ugha fd;k x;kA D;k vkxs pydj

nh?kZdky esa xgjh vkSj mFkyh tM+ksa okys isM+ tehu ds vanj lokZf/d dkcZj&lap; djsaxs \

gesa bu ç'uksa ds mÙkj fey ldsa] blds fy, cM+h la[;k esa ç;ksx vkSj vuqla/ku djus iM+saxsA

;g leL;k bl ckr ls vkSj Hkh tfVy gks tk,xh fd lSdM+ks&gtkjksa o`{k çtkfr;ka ,slh feysaxha] ftuesa

ls gjsd dqN&dqN vyx rjg ls O;ogkj djsxhA fofHkUu o`{k&çtkfr;ksa ds laHkkfor feJ.kksa dh lksprs

gSa] rks bl dke dh tfVyrk dh lkspdj ,d rjg ls eu ckS[kyk tkrk gSA

yxrk gS bu leL;kvksa ds lek/ku [kkstus ds fy, gesa ou&foKku dh ,d ubZ 'kk[kk] ,d

u;k oSKkfud fo"k; x<+uk gksxkA vHkh bldks ^dkcZu LVksjst iQkWjsLVªh* Hkkoh dkcZu&lap;&okfudh dg

ldrs gSaA ysfdu gekjs oSKkfud laxBu brus yphys ugha gSaA T;knkrj laxBuksa esa cgqr tcjnLr Bgjko

99

gS vkSj os ijaijkxr ikB~;Øeksa vkSj 'kks/&dk;ksZa esa rfud Hkh cnyko djus ls fgpfdpkrs gSaA cM+s iqjkus

tekus ls pyh vk jgh laLFkkvksa dk mlh <jsZ ls pyus ij gh cgqr uke gks x;k gSA fiQj os D;ksa dksbZ

ifjorZu djsa\ muds ukeh&xjkeh oSKkfud bls viuh rkSghu le>saxsA cgqr ls ou&oSKkfud rks gekjh

ckr dks viuh vkykspuk ekudj cqjk eku tk,axsA os dgsaxs fd ^^vPNk ! vc rd ge tks djrs vk

jgs Fks] og xyr Fkk_ geus t:jh ckrsa NksM+ nh Fkh vkSj geus oSKkfud ds :i esa viuk thou cjckn

dj fn;kA** laHkkouk ;gh gS fd bu u, fopkjksa dks /hjs&/hjs FkksM+k&FkksM+k Lohdkj fd;k tk, vkSj og

Hkh ;qok 'kks/drkZvksa }kjkA bl çfØ;k esa rfud rsth ykus ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd rFkkdfFkr lkekU;

tu tks vf/dkfjd :i ls oSKkfud ugha gSa] viuh igy ls ç;ksx vkSj vuqla/ku 'kq: dj nsaA cgqr

laHko gS fd bl rjg ds ^ukSflf[k,* oSKkfud dkcZu&lap;&okfudh laca/h 'kks/ ds okLrfod vxqvk

cu tk,a vkSj ljdkjh ou vuqla/ku 'kkyk,a Hkh 'kk;n vkxs pydj blh jkLrs ij py iM+saA

isM+ksa ls bZa/u vkSj bekjrh ydM+h

xzhugkml çHkko ds gkfudkjd vlj dks de djus esa isM+ vkSj Hkh dbZ rjg ls enn dj

ldrs gSaA

fiNys fnuksa fd, x, vkdyu ds vuqlkj fo'o esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM mRltZu ds lkr

çfr'kr va'k ds fy, lhesaV ds dkj[kkus mÙkjnk;h gSaA lhesaV cukrs le; nks rjg ls dkcZu

MkbvkWDlkbM iSnk gksrh gSA ,d rks dPps eky (pwuk iRFkj) ;kuh dSfY'k;e dkcksZusV ls vkf[kjh

mRikn (lhesaV ;kuh dSfY'k;e vkWDlkbM) cukuk ,d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k gS] ftlesa dkiQh ek=kk esa

dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM curk gS] tks gok esa NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA blds vykok HkfV~V;ksa dk rkieku

1450 lsfYl;l rd igqapkus ds fy, dkiQh ek=kk esa dks;yk tykuk iM+rk gSA pwuk iRFkj dks idkus ds

fy, bruk Åapk rkieku t:jh gSA

100

bl le; nqfu;k esa gj lky 1-4 vjc Vu lhesaV iSnk fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj gj lky bldh

ek=kk ikap çfr'kr dh nj ls c<+ jgh gSA vusd ,f'k;kbZ] vizQhdh vkSj nf{k.k vejhdh ns'kksa esa mudh

c<+rh vkcknh esa ls vc xkaoksa ls 'kgjksa dh vksj dkiQh yksx iyk;u dj jgs gSaA budks vkokl laca/h

t:jrsa iwjh djus ds fy, Hkh vf/d lhesaV iSnk djuk iM+ jgk gSA yUnu ds ^osjhfiQds'ku VsDuksyksth

bUiQksesZ'ku ls.Vj* ds tkWu ykapcSjh ds vuqlkj tYnh gh lhesaV m|ksx nqfu;k dk 10 çfr'kr dkcZu

MkbvkWDlkbM iSnk djus yxsxkA

bldk ,d fodYi ;g gks ldrk gS fd Hkou&fuekZ.k esa lhesaV dh txg çkd`frd fuekZ.k

lkexzh tSls fd ckal] ydM+h vkSj feV~Vh ds xkjs dk T;knk mi;ksx fd;k tk,A xka/h th us blds fy,

feV~Vh dh dPph bZaVksa vkSj xkjs dk bLrseky djus dh fliQkfj'k dh FkhA dPps ?kj xfeZ;ksa esa de xje

vkSj tkM+ksa esa de BaMs jgrs gSaA bl rjg okrkuqdwyu dh t:jr de gks tkrh gSA feV~Vh dh bZaVsa vkSj

xkjk dadjhV ls cgqr lLrs iM+rs gSaA dPph bZaVsa cukus esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM fcYdqy Hkh iSnk ugha

gksrhA bUgsa cl /wi esa lq[kk fy;k tkrk gSA

Hkkjr esa iqjkus tekus esa ?kj dsoy feV~Vh ds ugha gksrs FksA buesa feV~Vh ds xkjs esa Vgfu;ka vkSj

Hkwlk oxSjg feyk fn;k djrs FksA vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd bl rjg dh dPph bZaVksa dk cuk <kapk dkiQh

etcwr gksrk gSA tc lu~ 2001 esa xqtjkr esa vk, Hk;adj HkwdEi esa yxHkx 100]000 yksx ekjs x,

vkSj 50 yk[k yksxksa ds edku u"V gks x,] rks dbZ bykdksa esa cl ijaijkxr rjhds ls cus dPps ?kj gh

cps jgsA mnkgj.k ds fy, dPN ds yqfM;k xkao esa cl feV~Vh&ydM+h ds feJ.k okys ?kj cps] ckdh

lc bekjrsa <g xbZaaA xkjs vkSj iRFkj ls cus xksykdkj edkuksa us ijaijkxr ?kjksa dh cukoV dh rks udy

dh] ysfdu fuekZ.k&lkexzh nwljh bLrseky dh] lks ;s Hkh [kM+s ugha jg ik,A

101

vHkh] de ls de Hkkjr esa] feV~Vh ds eqdkcys ydM+h dh fuekZ.k lkexzh cgqr eagxh iM+rh

gSA ysfdu vxj ouksa ds çca/u esa lq/kj fd;k tk, vkSj lkeqnkf;d vk/kj ij fd;k tk, rks bekjrh

ydM+h dk mRiknu dkiQh c<+k;k tk ldrk gS vkSj xjhc ifjokj Hkh mldk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

vke rkSj ij ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ydM+h dk mi;ksx rhu eafty ls Åaps edku ds fy, ugha

fd;k tk ldrkA ysfdu vly esa ;g lp ugha gSA dqnjrh yV~Bksa dh ctk; vxj ydM+h dh laihfMr

dh xbZ che bLrseky djsa rks mldh etcwrh c<+ tkrh gSA ydM+h ds lkFk&lkFk iRFkj] yksgk] iDdh

bZaVsa ;k lhesaV&Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu ;g iwjh rjg laHko gS fd ydM+h ls freaftyk

ls Åaph bekjrsa Hkh cukbZ tk ldrh gSaA

ydM+h ls cuha bekjrsa t:jh ugha fd vfXujks/h u gksaA daçsLM ydM+h dh che tYnh vkx

ugha idM+rhA nhokjksa vkSj Nrksa esa ftIle dh IysV (IykLVj cksMZ) yxkbZ tk,a rks bekjrksa dh lqj{kk esa

vkSj Hkh o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA vly esa fdlh Hkh bekjr esa vkx yxus ij mls lcls T;knk iQSykrs

gSa iQuhZpj esa IykfLVd dh lkexzh] diM+s] xn~nh vkSj ?kjsyw IykfLVd midj.kA buesa ls cM+h tgjhyk

/qavk fudyrk gS] tks gok esa tkdj vkSj Hkh [krjukd rjhds ls vkx idM+rk gS] D;ksafd mlesa cgqr

ls Toyu'khy inkFkZ gksrs gSaA IykfLVd ds bLrseky ls gj rjg dh bekjrksa esa vkx rsth ls iQSyrh gS]

tks ewy fuekZ.k lkexzh ds feJ.k ij fuHkZj ugha djrhA

vejhdk vkSj dukMk ds if'peh leqærV ij cuh 90 çfr'kr bekjrksa esa rhu ls ikap eafty

dh gksus ij Hkh ydM+h dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA blh rjg nqfu;k ds nwljs fgLlksa esa vf/drj edku

ydM+h ds cuk, tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu vxj cgqr ?kuh clkoVas cusaxha] ftuesa T;knk ls T;knk yksx jg

ldsa rks bu xxupqach bekjrksa dks rks lhesaV ls gh cukuk iM+sxkA fiQj Hkh tgka rd gks lds] lhesaV dh

txg ydM+h dk bLrseky c<+kuk pkfg,A Hkfo"; esa blls fuekZ.k&m|ksx dk Lo:i gh cny tk,xk

102

vkSj og dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk cgqr cM+k lzksr gksus dh ctk; mls lks[kus okyk dkcZu&flad cu

tk,xkA bekjrksa esa ydM+h ds :i esa ekStwn dkcZu n'kdksa rd gok esa feyus ls cpk jgsxkA

;gka ;g crkus dh t:jr ugha gS fd 1-4 vjc Vu lhesaV dh txg ydM+h dk bLrseky djus

dk eryc gS cgqr cM+s ou {ks=k dk mi;ksxA ysfdu ;s ou LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy, pkjk vkSj NksVh

bekjrh ydM+h Hkh iSnk dj ldrs gSaA ;fn mfpr Lih'kht ds o`{k mxk, x, rks muls vkneh dh [kkus

dh t:jr iwjh djus ds fy, vko';d [kk| inkFkZ Hkh çkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA ,slh lSdM+ksa çtkfr;ka

gSa] tks iks"kd vkgkj vkSj Åaph DokfyVh dh bekjrh ydM+h] nksuksa dks iSnk dj ldrh gsaA ,slh

o`{k&çtkfr;ksa ds dqN mYys[kuh; mnkgj.k ;s gSa % lky ('kksfj;k jkscLVk)] v[kjksV (tqxykUl Lih)] vke

(eSathiQsjk bafMdk)] ckat (DodZl Lih) chp o`{k (iQsxl Lih-)] psLVuV (dkLVsfu;k Lih-)] bcksuh

(Mk;ksLikbjksl Lih-)] czkthy uV (cFkksZysfV;k ,DlsYlk)] es: vksd (okbVsDl Lih-)] phM+ dh vusd çtkfr;ka

(ikbul Lih-)] dbZ vkWjksdsfj;k (vkWjksdsfj;k Lih-) bR;kfnA

o`{k[ksrh djus ls Hkh vk/qfud d`f"k ls iSnk gksus okys xSl&mRltZu dks de fd;k tk ldrk

gSA vejhdk esa ÅtkZ&cgqy l?ku d`f"k çfr o"kZ vejhdk eas jgus okys gj L=kh] iq#"k vkSj cPps ds

bLrseky esa vkus okyh thok'eh bZa/u okyh ÅtkZ ds rqY; 1400 yhVj rsy (Mhty@ isVªksy) çfr

gSDVj ih tkrh gSA blesa ls vf/drj jklk;fud moZjd iSnk djus esa [kirk gSA

jklk;fud moZjdkssa ds Hkkjh bLrseky us,d vkSj xzhugkml xSl ukbVªl vkWDlkbM dh ek=kk

dkiQh c<+k nh gSA

isM+ksa dks vU; iQlyksa dh rjg T;knk moZjd ugha pkfg,A nwljs vf/drj isM+ksa dks jksius esa tSo

[kkn dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bu ([kknksa dks cukus esa thok'eh bZa/u dk bLrseky ugha gksrkA isM+

feV~Vh esa Mkys x, iks"kd rRoksa dks nwljh iQlyksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d n{krk ls mi;ksx esa ykrs gSaA

iQyh okys ysX;wfeuslh dqy ds o`{k rks lh/s gok ls Hkh ukbVªkstu [khap ldrs gSaA ;g dke mudh

103

tM+ksa esa ekStwn thok.kq djrs gSaA mudh vyx ls ukbVªkstuh moZjdksa dh t:jr ugha iM+rh vkSj muds

uhps dk dwM+k&ddZV gh bruk ukbVªkstu feV~Vh esa NksM+ tkrk gS fd vkl&ikl ds nwljs isM+&ikS/s]

ftuesa ukbVªkstu ds fLFkjhdj.k ;k ;kSfxdhdj.k dh {kerk ugha gksrh] os Hkh bldk ykHk mBk ldrs gSaA

lHkh rjg ds isM+ feV~Vh dh xgjh ijrksa ls iks"kd rRoksa dks Åij [khapus esa viuh tM+ksa dk iEi dh

rjg bLrseky djrs gSa vkSj fiQj iks"kd rRoksa dks Åijh ijr dh feV~Vh vkSj ogka isM+ dwM+s&ddZV esa

fNrjkdj lcds fy, lqyHk dj nsrs gSaA

isM+ksa dh fo'kkyrk ds dkj.k o`{k[ksrh esa e'khujh dk bLrseky T;knk ugha gks ikrkA blls Hkh

xzhugkml&xSlksa dk mRltZu de djus esa enn feyrh gS & nks rjg lsA ,d rks ;g fd e'khusa de

vkSj ekuo&Je dk vf/d mi;ksx gksus dk eryc gS de rsy dh [kirA nwljs] VªSDVj vkSj nwljh Hkkjh

e'khuksa ds fcuk tqrkbZ de gksxh vkSj g~;wel dk fo?kVu de gksxk vkSj bl çdkj feV~Vh ls dkcZu

Mkb vkWDlkbM dk mRltZu Hkh de gksxkA

104

vè;k;&3

o`{k&çtuu esa lq/kj dh vksj

[kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa ds çtuu esa u;h n`f"V

okf"kZd iQlyksa ds çtuu ij ftruk è;ku fn;k x;k gS vkSj lalk/u [kpZ fd, x, gSa mruk

[kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa ij fn;k gh ugha x;kA blds dbZ dkj.k gSaA ,d dkj.k ;g gS fd o`{k&çtuu dk

rduhdh Kku ou&oSKkfudksa ds ikl gS] tks fd cl blesa fnypLih j[krs gSa fd Jherh bekjrh

ydM+h ;k dkxt feyksa dh yqxnh cukus esa dke vkus okyh o`{k&çtkfr;ksa esa lq/kj fd;k tk,A nwljh

vksj d`f"k&oSKkfudksa dks iQly&lq/kj ls eryc gS vkSj o`{kksa ds ckjs esa mudk Kku lhfer gSA ckxckuh

vkSj iQy foKkuh Hkh oSKkfud vuqla/ku esa ges'kkls gkf'k, ij jgs gSa vkSj eq[; 'kks/dk;ksZa vkSj

ç;kstukvksa esa mudh mis{kk gksrh jgh gSA

nwljk cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa ds çtuu esa ,do"khZ iQlyksa dh ctk; cgqr

T;knk le; yxrk gSA ,do"khZ iQlyksa dh mUur fdLesa fodflr djus esa Hkh 10&20 lky yx tkrs

gSaA rHkh LFkk;h xq.kksa okyh fdLe fudy ikrh gSA oSls rks vusd m".kdfVca/h; o`{k vius o`f¼dky ds

igys lky gh iQwy nsus yxrs gSa] ysfdu T;knkrj Lih'kht iQy&iQwy iSnk djus esa dbZ lky cfYd

n'kd yxk nsrh gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd euq"; ds ykHk ds fy, [kk|&o`{kksa dk çtuu bruh

eanxfr ls pyrk gS fd cM+h fujk'kk gksrh gSA /jrh ij dksbZ vkneh fdrus fnu fVdrk gSA

Mk;uh jks'ksyw (Dianne Rocheleau)vkSj tkWu jsuVªh (John Raintree) ds vuqlkj % d`f"k okfudh ds fy, lq/jh çtuu lkexzh NkaVh tk, vkSj fodflr dh tk, blds fy,

fujarj ;kstukc¼ <ax ls ç;kl djus dh vko';drk rks loZfofnr gSA ysfdu bl ekeys esa ge dg

ldrs gSa fd d`f"kokfudh vHkh rd ik"kk.k;qx esa gSA vxj bl miek dks lR; ds vf/d fudV ys

105

tk,a rks d`f"kokfudh dh fLFkfr ml uo ik"kk.k;qx (fuvksfyfFkd) tSlh gS] tc vkfn ekuo us igyh

ckj taxyh iQlyksa esa ls NkaV dj mudh [ksrh djus ds ç;kl 'kq: fd, FksA ml le; mUgsa ftu

dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gksxk] dqN&dqN oSlh gh fnDdrsa bl le; d`f"kokfudh ds fo'ks"kKksa

dks mBkuh iM+ jgh gSa D;ksafd os Hkh taxyh isM+ksa dks cgyk&iQqlyk dj [ksrksa esa yk jgs gSaA vkfn ekuo

us ,slh gh ck/k,a eDdk] xsgwa] /ku vkSj nwljh iQlyksa dh taxyh fdLeksa dks d`f"k ;ksX; cukus esa

eglwl dh gksaxhaA d`f"k okfudh ds fy, isM+ksa dh çtuu&lkexzh esa miyC/ vkuqoaf'kd fofo/rk vkSj

mlesa ls okafNr xq.kksa okyh çtkfr;ksa dks NkaVuk vkSj mlesa vkuqoaf'kd lq/kj djuk varjkZ"Vªh; cSBdksa esa

cgl dk eq[; fo"k; jgk gSA

,sls dqN gh mnkgj.k feyrs gSa ftuesa çtuu ds }kjk isM+ksa dh fdLesa lq/kjh xbZ gSaA tSls fd

jcM+ ds isM+ çtuu vkSj lqçca/u }kjk jcM+&ckxkuksa ls fiNyh lnh esa 17xquh iSnkokj c<+kbZ xbZA

taxyh lhcdFkksuZ ds isM+ksa dk ,d gSDVj taxy lky Hkj esa dqN fdyksxzke iQy gh iSnk dj ldrk

gSA ysfdu bldh pquhank fdLesa çfr gSDVj 15&20 Vu rd iQy iSnk dj ldrh gSA Hkkjr esa ^ysgcSjh*

uke ls bldk ikSf"Vd jl lu~ 2003 ls cktkj esa fcdus yxk gSA

jks'ksyw vkSj jsuVªh ds fopkj muds fujk'kkoknh n`f"Vdks.k ls mits yxrs gSa D;ksafd d`f"kokfudh

esa o`{k&lq/kj dh fLFkfr bruh Hkh n;uh; ugha gS] tSlh fd mUgksaus fpf=kr dh gSA [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa

esa Hkh ,slh vusd çtkfr;ka gSa ftUgsa çtuu ls lq/kjus ds fy, dkiQh dke fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds

fy, uhcwoxhZ; iQyksa ds isM+] lsc] dhoh iQy] vkWbyike] dsyk] vukj] vke] ve:n] vkaoyk bR;kfnA

blds vykok vusd iQyo`{kksa dh çtkfr;ksa Lo;a fdlkuksa us Hkh vPNh fdLesa NkaVdj mudk

çpkj&çlkj fd;k gS] tSls fd csj esaA vusd iQyksa dh vf/d iSnkokj nsus okyh fdLesa gtkjksa dh

rknkn esa nqfu;k Hkj ds fdlkuksa us NkaVh vkSj mxkbZ gSA

106

;g t:j gS fd buesa ls fdlh Hkh iQy&o`{k dk lq/kj mrus Åaps Lrj ij ugha fd;k x;k

ftruk fd xsgw&/ku&eDdk vkfn iQlyksa dk fd;k x;k gSA cM+s {ks=k esa ;k vis{kkd`r cM+s {ks=k esa mxk,

tkus okys fdlh Hkh [kk|&mRiknd o`{k dks ;kstukc¼ rjhds ls fu;fer çtuu }kjk ugha lq/kjk x;kA

lcls vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd ikSf"Vd vkgkj çnku djus okys vusd [kk|nkrk o`{k vc Hkh cl

taxy esa mxrs gSa] mUgsa ckdk;nk ckxckuh ds nk;js esa Hkh ugha yk;k x;kA

vxj ek:yk ;k eksuxkasxks ;k lhcdFkksuZ tSls o`{kksa dh ckdk;nk o`{k[ksrh 'kq: dj nh xbZ rks

mldh dYiuk ls gh eu çiQqfYyr gks mBrk gS fd ;g gj rjg ls fdruk vPNk lkfcr gksxkA

bl le; nqfu;k esa ikS/&çtuu dh nks ç.kkfy;ka ,d lkFk py jgh gSaA ,d rks gS ijaijkxr

ç.kkyh tks fiNys 12&15000 o"kksZa ls pyh vk jgh gSA nwljh vk/qfud ;kuh oSKkfud ç.kkyh ;k

dfg, if'peh ç.kkyh ftls iSnk gq, 100 lky Hkh ugha gq,A ijaijkxr ç.kkyh ls lSdM+ksa gtkjksa

LFkkuh; fdLesa taxyksa ls NkaV&NkaVdj mudh [ksrh 'kq: dh xbZA vkxs Hkh p;u dh ;g çfØ;k pyrh

jgh vkSj vc Hkh tkjh gSA nwljh vksj oSKkfud ç.kkyh ls dqN buh&fxuh iQlyksa dh buh&fxuh mUur

fdLesa gh fodflr dh xbZ gSa] tks iSnkokj nsus esa cgqr dq'ky gSaA budk çpkj gj dksbZ djrk gS &

ljdkj] xSj ljdkjh laxBu] çlkj&lsok,a vkSj cht&daifu;kaA eryc ;g fd dqN eqV~BhHkj mUur

fdLesa ;k vk/qfud fdLesa gtkjksa ijaijkxr fdLeksa dks viuh tehu ls csn[ky djrh tk jgh gSaA

fdLeksa dks lq/kjus dk iqjkuk rjhdk Hkh fiNM+rk tk jgk gSA ;g iQly okys ikS/ksa ij rks iwjh rjg

ykxw gksrk gS vkSj dqN gn rd [kk|nkrk o`{kksa dk Hkh ;gh gky gSA

bl vè;k; dk mn~ns'; bl fLFkfr dks myVuk gSA vk/qfud o`{k çtuu ç.kkyh dks vkaf'kd

rkSj ij lq/jh ijaijkxr ç.kkyh esa <kyuk gksxkA bl rjg dh ubZ fefJr ç.kkyh dks ^lq/jh ijaijkxr*

;k ^oSKkfud ijaijkxr* ;k ^mPp&mit&vf/dre tSo fofo/rk okyh* ç.kkyh dgk tk ldrk gSA

107

çtuu laca/h ç;klksa dk iQly&çtuu ds fy, vyx rdZ gS vkSj [kk|nkrk o`{k&çtuu ds

fy, vyxA vPNk gksxk fd ge bl ppkZ dks ,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, 'kq: djsaA

d`f"k vkSj o`{k&çtuu dk laf{kIr bfrgkl

euq"; us laHkor% vc ls de ls de 12000 ls 15000 o"kZ igys [kk|kUu çnku djus okys

fofo/ ikS/ksa dh [ksrh 'kq: dhA mlls igys gekjs ouoklh iqj[ks taxy ls dan&ewy&iQy cVksjdj

viuk isV Hkjrs FksA [ksrh 'kq: gksrs gh mUgksaus bu ikS/ksa ds cht taxy ls cVksjdj xqiQkvksa ds vklikl

gh cksuk 'kq: fd;kA bl rjg tks iQly iSnk gqbZ mlh dk dqN fgLlk vxyh iQly ds cht ds :i

esa vyx j[k fy;k tkrk FkkA bl rjg ds [kk|&nkrk ikS/ksa ds ?kjsywdj.k dks dHkh&dHkh

uoik"kk.k;qxhu Økafr (fuvksfyfFkd fjoksY;w'ku) Hkh dg fn;k tkrk gSA

tc vusd [kk|nkrk ikS/ksa dh [ksrh gksus yxh rks fdlku gh ikS/&çtud Hkh cu x;kA tc os

iQlyksa ds cht cksrs Fks] rks mUgksaus ns[kk fd muls tks ikS/s mxrs muesa cM+h fofo/rk FkhA os ,d ls

ugha FksA dqN ds cht [kkus ;ksX; cM+s nkus Fks] rks nwljksa ds cgqr NksVs vkSj [kkus esa fcYdqy Hkh Lokn

ughaA

blfy, tc vxyh iQly ds fy, cht cpkuk gksrk rks ,sls ikS/ksa ls fy;k tkrk ftuds nkus

cM+s&cM+s vkSj [kkus esa Lokfn"V FksA muds ikS/s Hkh T;knk rxM+s Fks vkSj os iSnkokj Hkh vf/d nsrs FksA

bl rjg vutkus esa Hkh mUgksaus ^lysfDVo czhfMax* ;kuh p;ukRed çtuu 'kq: dj fn;kA ysfdu gekjs

iqj[kksa ds ;s ikS/ çtuu laca/h ç;kl cM+h ean xfr ls pysA mUgsa bl dke esa vusd ck/kkvksa dk Hkh

lkeuk djuk iM+kA

,d ck/k Fkh vPNh çtuu&lkexzh ds vHkko dhA dqN lokZf/d mi;ksxh vkSj okafNr

vfHky{k.kksa okyh fdLesa Fkh gh ughaA vxj Fkha rks buh&fxuhA cl ;ksa lef>, fd fdlh iQly dk

108

okafNr xq.kksa okyk ikS/k nl yk[k esa ,d feyrk vkSj okafNr xq.kksa okyk isM+ ,d yk[k oxZ fdyksehVj

esa ,dA

nwljs ml tekus ds fdlku T;knk nwfj;ksa rd dh ;k=kk,a Hkh ugha dj ikrs FksA mueas ls

vf/drj dk iwjk thou tgka iSnk gq, mlds vkl&ikl ds 30 ;k 40 fdyksehVj esa gh chr tkrk FkkA

muds ikl mi;ksxh vkuqoaf'kd lkexzh ds fofue; dh Hkh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha Fkh fd os lSdM+ksa ;k

gtkjksa fdyksehVj nwj [ksrh dj jgs fdlkuksa ls chtksa dk ysu&nsu ;k vnyk&cnyh dj ikrsA

vktdy rks ikS/&çtud teZIykTe (tfu=kæO;) ds fo'kky laxzg esa ls okaNuh; xq.kksa okyh

lkexzh pqu ldrs gSaA buesa ls vf/drj fdLeksa dks igys gh yach ?kjsywdj.k (MksesLVhds'ku) vkSj

p;u çfØ;k ls xqtkjk x;k gksrk gSA gekjs ikS/&çtud iwoZtksa ds ikl ;s lc lqfo/k,a dgka FkhA mUgsa

;g Hkh ugha irk Fkk fd ikS/ksa dh vxyh ihf<+;ksa esa] fiNyh ihf<+;ksa ds xq.k fdl rjg igqaprs gSaA u

mUgsa xq.klw=k (Øksekslkse) dk irk Fkk] u oa'kk.kq (thu) dkA tc os okafNr xq.kksa okys ikS/s dk cht

;k iQy dh xqByh cksrs vkSj ns[krs fd mlls tks ikS/k ;k isM+ iuik og rks fcYdqy nwljs gh xq.kksa

okyk gS] rks gSjku jg tkrsA 'kk;n gh dHkh cht ls cks;k ikS/k oSls gh xq.kksa okyk fudyrk Fkk] ftlls

cht fy;k x;k FkkA

eknk vkSj uj nksuksa ikS/s gh viuh larkuksa esa thu ;kuh oa'kk.kq ds ekè;e ls vius xq.k vkSj

mlls igys dh reke ihf<+;ksa ds xq.k oa'kkxr djrs gSaA blfy, larku esa dqN xq.k ekrk ds gksrs gSa

vkSj dqN firk dsA

bu oa'kk.kqvksa esa dqN rks ncncs okys gksrs gSa tks viuk vlj larku esa fn[kkrs gSa vkSj dqN gksrs

gSa nCcw tks ncs jgrs gSaA ftl ikS/s esa ,d ncncs okyk vkSj nwljk nCcw oa'kk.kq igqapk og ncncs okys

ds xq.k gh O;Dr djsxkA ysfdu ftlesa nksuksa nCcw oa'kk.kq igaqps rks os ikS/s blh dk vlj fn[kk,axsA ;s

ges'kk tksM+s esa gh gksrs gSaA

109

tc fdlh ikS/s ds uj tud vkSj eknk tud nksuksa esa okaNuh; xq.k ik, tk,a rks og nks nCcw]

,d ncncs okys vkSj ,d nCcw ;k nksuksa ncncs okys oa'kk.kq ls fu;af=kr gks ldrs gSaA oSKkfud Hkk"kk esa

ncncs okys dks MksehusaV (çHkkoh) vkSj nCcw dks ^fjlsflo* (vçHkkoh) dgrs gSaA vxj uj vkSj eknk

tud nksuksa esa vçHkkoh oa'kk.kq gq, tks fd vokaNuh; xq.kksa ds fu;a=kd gSa] rks igyh ih<+h dh larku

(,iQ&1) esa 25 çfr'kr ikS/ksa esa ;g vokaNuh; xq.k igqap tk,xkA vxj ,d gh tud esa vokafNr

xq.k okyk vçHkkoh oa'kk.kq gqvk rks og igyh ih<+h dh larku esa çdV ugha gksxk] ysfdu nwljh ih<+h

esa çdV gks ldrk gSA vxj nksuksa tudksa esa nks vçHkkoh ;k nks çHkkoh oa'kk.kq gq, rks mudh larku esa

bu oa'kk.kqvksa okyk xq.k LFkk;h :i ls igqap tk,xkA fiQj ih<+h&nj&ih<+h vxyh larkuksa esa ;g okafNr

xq.k ;Fkkor pyrk jgsxkA cl gj ckj larkuksa esa ekrk&firk ogh gksus pkfg, ;kuh mlh fdLe dsA

budks vkuqoaf'kdh (tsusfVDl) ds cqfu;knh fu;e dgk tkrk gSA ih<+h&nj&ih<+h xq.kksa dh

oa'kkxfr dh gj ckjhdh dk vè;;u blh foKku esa fd;k tkrk gSA bldh uhao lu~ 1857 esa ,d

iknjh us j[kh Fkh ftldk uke Fkk xzsxj easMyA vxj vki esaMy ds fu;eksa dks tkurs gSa rks vki

ikS/&çtuu dk dke vklkuh ls dj ldrs gSaA og iknjh Hkh tkuus dh tksjnkj bPNk ds cycwrs gh

ikS/ksa dk fo'ks"kK cu x;k vkSj u;k foKku ^vkuqoaf'kdh* jp MkykA mldk fxfjtk?kj dk cxhpk gh

mldh ç;ksx'kkyk FkhA cl vkidks Hkh igys ;g r; djuk gksxk fd vki isM+&ikS/ksa esa dkSu&lk xq.k

ykuk pkgrs gSaA tSls fd iQy vkidks ehBs pkfg, ;k [kV~VsA ;k cM+s ;k NksVsA mnkgj.k ds fy, tkequ

ds taxyh isM+ksa ds iQy NksVs gksrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh dgha dksbZ isM+ cM+s iQy okyk vkSj vf/d xwns okyk

fey x;k rks mldh xqByh pqu yhft,A ysfdu xqByh gksus ij t:jh ugha fd larku cM+s iQy okyh

gksA blfy, dye yxkuh iM+sxhA ;gh gky vke dk gSA mlesa Hkh okafNr ikS/s dh dye yxkuh iM+rh

gSA Hkkjr esa ,d fdlku us vyx&vyx dye yxkdj gj Mkyh ls vyx fdLe ds vke iSnk fd,

;kuh ,d isM+ ls dksbZ lkS fdLe ds vkeA

110

Hkkjr esa iwlk bULVhV~;wV ds uke ls e'kgwj ubZ fnYyh ds ckxckuh foHkkx ds oSKkfudksa us vke

dh ,slh fdLe dk fodkl djus dk ç;kl 'kq: fd;k tks gj lky iQy nsaA ugha rks y[kuÅ ds ikl

eyhgkckn dh e'kgwj fdLe ^n'kgjh* lfgr T;knkrj fdLesa ,d lky [kwc iQy nsrh gSa vkSj nwljs

lky cgqr de iQly gksrh gSA blfy, nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ^uhye* ls ^n'kgjh* dk ladj.k djk;k x;k]

D;ksafd uhye gj lky vPNh mit nsrh gSA bl rjg ^efYydk* vkSj ^vkezikyh* uked fdLesa

fodflr dh xbZa] ftudk 3&4 lky dk isM+ gh iQy nsuk 'kq: dj nsrk gS vkSj NksVk isM+ gksus ls çfr

gSDVj vf/d vke vkSj vf/d vkenuh gksrh gSA

çtuu&dk;ZØe esa vPNk gks fd ,d ls vf/d [kwch ykus dk ç;kl fd;k tk,A gkykafd

blls dke FkksM+k tfVy gks tkrk gSA thu ;k oa'kk.kq ekyk ds eudksa dh rjg xq.klw=kksa ij xqaFks jgrs gSaA

vk/s xq.klw=k eka ls vkrs gSa vkSj vk/s firk lsA dqN oa'kk.kq brus ikl&ikl gksrs gSa fd mUgsa vyx ugha

fd;k tk ldrkA vxj buesa ls ,d vokaNuh; xq.k iSnk djrk gS vkSj nwljk okaNuh; rks okaNuh; ls

uRFkh vokaNuh; Hkh ih<+h&nj&ih<+h oa'kkxr gksrk jgsxkA dbZ xq.k ,sls Hkh gksrs gSa tks ,d ugha cfYd

vusd oa'kk.kqvksa ls fu;af=kr gksrs gSaA

blfy, ;fn vkidks oa'kkxfr çfØ;k dh le> gS] rks Hkh okafNr xq.kksa okys isM+&ikS/s fodflr

djuk vklku ugha gSA ysfdu bl tkudkjh ds fcuk rks ;gh lef>, fd ikS/&çtuu dk eryc gksxk

va/sjs esa rhj pykukA

gekjs iqj[kksa ds fy, ;g cgqr gh dfBu jgk gksxkA os ;g ugha tku ik, gksaxs fd fdlh isM+

ds ekrk&firk dkSu jgs gksaxsA vr% fdlh Js"B ekr`d isM+ ds cht mxkdj mUgksaus tks larkusa iSnk dh

gksaxha] muesa reke rjg dh feyh&tqyh [kwfc;ka vk xbZ gksaxhaA tc mUgsa ;gh ugha ekywe Fkk fd

vokaNuh; xq.kksa dks dSls gVk;k tk,] rks okaNuh; xq.k ykuk Hkh muds fy, cgqr dfBu jgk gksxkA

111

vxj vokaNuh; xq.k okys ikS/ksa dks os u"V Hkh djrs jgs gksa] rks Hkh os vxyh ihf<+;ksa esa ckj&ckj

çdV gksrs jgs gksaxsA

ysfdu bl n`f"V ls iQly okys ikS/ksa vkSj isM+ksa esa cM+k iQdZ gSA ,do"khZ iQlysa gj lky cksbZ

tkrh gS vkSj cM+h la[;k esa cksbZ tkrh gSaA ,d gSDVj esa muds yk[kksa ikS/s mx ldrs gSaA buesa p;u

djds lky&nj&lky vokaNuh; xq.kksa okys ikS/s gVkrs x, vkSj okafNr xq.kksa okys pqurs x,A b, rjg

gtkjksa ihf<+;ksa ds ckn vokaNuh; xq.k okys ikS/s xk;c gks x,A bl rjg fdlkuksa us] [kkl rkSj ls

efgyk d`"kdksa us lSdM+ksa] gtkjksa LFkkuh; fdLesa fudky Mkyha vkSj mudh [ksrh djds mudks u"V gksus

ls Hkh cpk;kA ;s ,slh fdLesa Fkha tks ih<+h&nj&ih<+h vius xq.k vxyh larkuksa esa T;ksa ds R;ksa igqapkrh

jghaA yach p;u&çtuu çfØ;k esa muesa ekStwn ^[kjkc oa'kk.kq* gV x,A

ysfdu ,slk os o`{kksa esa ugha dj ik,A bldk dkj.k Li"V gSA isM+ksa esa ,d ih<+h vkSj nwljh

ih<+h ds chp dkiQh yEck iQklyk gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vYxkjksck tSls dqN m".kdfVca/h; o`{k

rks igys lky esa gh iQwy iSnk djus yxrs gSaA ijarq ,sls Hkh o`{k gSa tks jksius ds ckn 10]15]20]50 ;k

100 o"kZ esa gh iwjh rjg ifjiDo gks ikrs gSaA gekjs iwoZtksa us o`{kksa ds çtuu dk dksbZ ;kstukc¼

dk;ZØe rks pyk;k ugha gksxkA blfy, nks ihf<+;ksa ds chp okLrfod dkykof/ dkiQh yach jgh gksxhA

,d o"khZ iQly rks gj lky cksbZ tkrh gS vkSj dkVh tkrh gSA ysfdu iQynkj isM+ rks n'kdksa rd vkSj

dqN ekeyksa esa rks lSdM+ksa o"kksZa rd [kM+s jgrs gSaA ckvksckc vkSj psLVuV ds o`{k rks gtkjksa lky rd

iQy iSnk djrs jgrs gSaA ;kuh nks ih<+h ds chp o"kksZ dks nwjh dk vanktk yxkuk gh eqf'dy gSA

gekjs iqj[kksa us dqN isM+ksa esa lpeqp dqN l/kj fd, vkSj vPNs isM+ksa dh dye ysdj mudks

gh jksik ;k muds iQyksa ds gh cht cks,A o/hZ çpkj.k ;kuh dfVax vkSj dye ls jksis tkus okys o`{kksa

ij ;g ckr ykxw gksrh gS] tSls fd ve:n] czSMizwQV] vke vkSj vathjA

112

blds ckn çtuu djus dk dke dkiQh ean iM+ x;k] gkykafd can ugha gqvkA ?kj ds fiNokM+s

vkSj vkxs x`gokfVdk esa yxk, x, isM+ vDlj ,sls ikS/ksa ls csgrj FksA yksx ,sls ikS/ksa dks igpku dj

mudh vPNh ns[kHkky djrs FksA vxj fdlh isM+ us [kV~Vs iQy iSnk fd, ;k cgqr NksVs iQy iSnk fd,

rks mudks m[kkM+dj mudh txg nwljs ikS/s jksi nsrs FksA tc vPNh iSnkokj nsus okys ikS/ksa esa vkil

esa ijkx.k gqvk rks muds iQyksa ds cht ls vkSj Hkh vPNs xq.kksa okys ikS/s iuis tks vius tud o`{kksa ls

c<+dj FksA bl rjg /heh xfr ls gh lgh o`{k&lq/kj dk flyflyk pyrk jgkA

gtkjksa o"kZ esa tks isM+ dkiQh cM+s bykds esa iQSy x, vkSj yksxksa us mxkus 'kq: dj fn, mu

çtkfr;ksa dh vf/d mit'khy fdLesa Hkh p;u dh çfØ;k ls rS;kj gksrh jgha vkSj muds xq.k LFkk;h

curs x,A mnkgj.k ds fy, fiQuyS.M esa mxk, tk jgs lsc vc ,sls ikS/s ugha iSnk dj ikrs ftuesa

taxyh lscksa dh rjg cgqr NksVs csj&ljh[ks lsc yxrs FksA dHkh&dHkh fdlh lsc ds ikS/s dk fdlh

taxyh lsc ls vka[k&eVDdk gks x;k rks vyx ckr gSA lsc ds ckxokuksa us /hjs&/hjs p;u djds os

reke oa'kk.kq orZeku fdLeksa esa ls gVk fn, tks taxyh fdLeksa esa ekStwn FksA blh rjg vizQhdk esa vke

ds isM+ksa ds iQy vkdkj] js'ks] xwns vkSj feBkl esa Hkys gh vyx&vyx gksa] ysfdu lHkh vkneh ds

[kkus ;ksX; gSA

lq/js ikS/ksa dks gh pquuk vkSj mxkuk] ;g çfØ;k nkc dye] dfVax vkSj xwVh o p'ek p<+kus

dh fof/;ksa ls rst gksrh xbZA yksx buds Js"B Dyksu NkaV&NkaVdj mUgsa gh mxkus yxsA yksx nwj&nwj rd

dh ;k=kk,a djus yxs rks vius lkFk bu vPNh fdLeksa ds cht vkSj dyesa Hkh ys tkus yxs vkSj bl

rjg loksZÙke o`{k cgqr nwj&nwj rd iQSy x,A

vc rks ikS/&çtuu dh vk/qfud rduhdksa dh esgjckuh dHkh&dHkh isM+ksa ij Hkh gks tkrh gSA

iQlyksa dh iSnkokj c<+kus esa rks ubZ fdLeksa vkSj jklk;fud moZjdksa] dhVuk'kd nokb;ksa vkSj flapkbZ ds

113

lk/uksa us Økafr gh yk nhA ysfdu ,d vksj tgka [kk|kUu dk mRiknu c<+k] ogha nwljh vksj iwjh

d`f"k&ç.kkyh chekj gks xbZA

nqfu;k esa ikS/ksa dh 250]000 ls 30]000 rd çtkfr;ka (Lih'kht) ikbZ tkrh gSaA buesa ls

10]000 ls 50]000 taxyh :i esa gh [kkbZ tkus okyh Fkha vkSj ckdh esa ls T;knkrj dks p;u&çtuu

esa [kkus ;ksX; cuk;k tk ldrk gSA igys yksx reke rjg ds [kkus ;ksX; ikS/s bLrseky fd;k djrs FksA

mÙkjh vejhdk ds vkfnoklh tSo&fofo/rk dh n`f"V ls bl nfjæ bykds esa Hkh vius vkgkj esa 1112

çtkfr;ksa ds ikS/s bLrseky djrs FksA vktdy ;gka eqf'dy ls 150&200 ikS/ksa dks gh O;kid :i esa

vkgkj ds dke yk;k tkrk gSA euq"; ds fy, 60 çfr'kr dSyksjh vkSj çksVhu dsoy rhu iQlysa ns jgh

gS & /ku] eDdk] xsgwaA vf/drj iQlyksa dk vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj cM+k ladjk gks x;k gS] D;ksafd mudh

dqN mUur fdLeksa dks gh cM+s O;kid {ks=k esa mxk;k tk jgk gSA

,d vkdyu ds vuqlkj vdsys nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa dHkh 500]000 ds djhc /ku dh fdLesa

mxkbZ tkrh FkhaA ysfdu tc vk/qfud fdLesa vkbZa rks mUgksaus bu ijaijkxr fdLeksa dks vinLFk djuk

'kq: dj fn;kA lu~ 1982 esa fiQfyihUl] baMksusfl;k vkSj fo;ruke esa 60 çfr'kr pkoy dsoy ,d

fdLe ^vkbZ-vkj-&36* ls fey jgk Fkk] ftldk fodkl euhyk ds fudV fLFkr b.Vjus'kuy jkbl

fjlpZ bUlVhV~;wV esa Hkkjr ds gh /ku çtud Mk-th-,l- [kq'k us fd;k FkkA bZftIV (feJ) esa I;kt

dh [ksrh fiNys 7000 o"kksZa ls gksrh vk jgh gSA vc ogka cl ,d fdLe mxkbZ tkrh gS ^xhtk&61*

^lÅnh vjc vkSj yscuku esa eqV~Bh Hkj ubZ fdLeksa us xsgwa dh 70 çfr'kr vkuqoaf'kd fofo/rk pkSiV

dj nh & FkksM+s gh vjls esaA bl le; rks gky ;g gS fd gekjh cph&[kqph iQlyksa dh nks çfr'kr

fdLesa ;kuh 50 esa ls ,d fdLe gj lky xk;c gks jgh gSA

eq[; [kk| iQlyksa dk vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj ftl rsth ls [kRe gqvk gS] og cM+h fpark dh ckr

gSA tc tehu ds NksVs&ls VqdM+s ij vyx&vyx ntZuksa fdLesa mxkbZ tkrh Fkha rks ml ijaijkxr d`f"k

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ç.kkyh esa ;g cgqr cM+h [kwch FkhA vxj fdlh esa chekjh yx xbZ ;k dhM+k yx x;k rks og mlh

fdLe dks uqdlku igqapkrk Fkk] ckdh csnkx cp tkrh FkhaA dhM+s vkSj iQiQwafn;ksa dh Hkh viuh&viuh

ilan gSA os lcdks ugha [kkrsA nwljs vxj ,d fdLe jksx vkSj dhVO;kf/;ksa ds lkeus vkRe leiZ.k dj

nsrh rks nwljh mUgsa /rk crkdj Hkxk Hkh nsrh FkhA ;k fiQj os ikl Hkh ugha iQVd ikrs FksA vyx&vyx

fdLe ds ikS/ksa esa bu gkfudj dhVksa ds tkuh nq'eu Hkh cls jgrs Fks & HkkSajs] edfM+;ka] phafV;k oxSjgA

bl rjg fdlku dh iQly iwjh rjg pkSiV ugha gks ikrh FkhA

ysfdu vc rks ml [ksr esa gh ugha vklikl ds [ksrksa esa gh vxj jch dk ekSle gS rks lcus

xsgwa] puk] eVj vkSj ljlksa dh ,d gh fdLe cks j[kh gSA chekjh ;k dhM+k yxk rks iwjs [ksr esa gh ugha

vkl&ikl Hkh iQSy x;kA bl rjg os ,d,ddj iwjh iQly dk loZuk'k dj nsrs gSaA

ekuo bfrgkl esa bldk lcls Hk;kog mnkgj.k feyrk gS lu~ 1840 ds ckn ds n'kd esa iQSys

vk;jyS.M ds vdky dkA ;gka gj fdlku us vkyw gh mxk j[kk Fkk vkSj T;knkrj dh fdLe Hkh ,d

gh FkhA cl ^iksVsVks CykbV* uked jksx iSnk djus okyh iQiQwanh us geyk cksy fn;kA ikS/k&nj&ikS/k]

[ksr&nj&[ksr ;g jksx iQSyrk pyk x;kA iwjh iQly u"V gks xbZA bl Hk;adj vdky us djhc nl

yk[k yksxksa dks ekSr dh uhan lqyk fn;k vkSj 20 yk[k yksx vejhdk tk clsA tgka bl }hi dh

vkcknh 60 yk[k gqvk djrh Fkh] ogka vdky vkSj Hkq[kejh us vk/h ?kVkdj 30 yk[k dj nh] og Hkh

pan lkyksa esa ghA

vxj blh rjg dk dqN /ku dh ,d txg çpfyr ,d&lh fdLeksa esa Hkh gks x;k rks fdruk

loZuk'k gksxk] bldk vuqeku Hkh ugha yxk;k tk ldrkA fiNys pan n'kdksa esa gh bu ubZ fdLeksa ds

dkj.k ijaijkxr fdLeksa dh [ksrh /hjs&/hjs [kRe gks xbZA bl ckjs esa fjpMZ MkmFkosV dgrs gSa %

^^cgqr de yksxksa dks ;g irk gS fd gekjh orZeku [kk| ç.kkyh vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls cM+h

<qyeqy gS vkSj dHkh Hkh cSB ldrh gSA vxj ,slk gqvk rks yk[kksa&djksM+ksa yksx Hkq[kejh ds f'kdkj gks

115

tk,axs vkSj Hkw[k ls rax vkdj lM+dksa ij vk tk,axsA bl rjg tks jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj lSU;

vfLFkjrk vk,xh mldh Hk;kogrk fdlh ijek.kq&;q¼ ls de ugha gksxhA**

,dy d`f"k esa tc ,d iQly dh ,d ;k dqN buh&fxuh fdLesa cM+s iSekus ij mxkbZ tkrh gSaA

rks jksx vkSj dhVO;kf/;ksa dk eqdkcyk nks rjhdksa ls fd;k tkrk gSA tc Hkh dksbZ ,slh leL;k iuirh

gS rks ikS/&çtud ml jksx vkSj dhVO;kf/ ds fy, jks/h fdLe fodflr djus esa yx tkrs gSaA ysfdu

;g vkuu&iQkuu esa rks gks ugha ldrkA blesa bruh nsj yxrh gS fd rc rd jksxk.kq iQlyksa dk dke

reke dj pqds gksrs gSaA nwljk rjhdk gS dhVuk'kh ;k iQiQwan uk'kh nok fNM+dus dkA ysfdu ;s jksxk.kq

brus pkykd gSa fd oSKkfudksa us fdruh gh jks/h fdLe bZtkn dh gks] og tYnh gh dhVksa dh Hkh ubZ

fdLe dh f'kdkj gks tkrh gS D;ksafd fo"kk.kq (okbjl) gks ;k thok.kq (cSDVhfj;k) ;k iQiQwanh (iQaxl)

;k dhV (isLV) ;s lc cM+s cgq:fi, gSaA blhfy, gj fdLe ges'kk jks/h ugha jgrh vkSj tYnh gh

buds vkxs ?kqVus Vsd nsrh gSA fiQj ubZ fdLe fudkyuh iM+rh gSA ;g flyflyk cjkcj pyrk jgrk gSA

nokvksa ds çfr Hkh ;s dhV ,sls <hB gks tkrs gSa fd nl&ckjg fNM+dko dk Hkh vlj ugha gksrkA

cspkjs oSKkfudksa iQlyksa ds taxyh fj'rsnkjksa ls vkSj Hkh lgu'khy vkSj jks/h thu [kkstus esa tqVs jgrs gSa

rkfd dhVO;kf/;ksa ls iQlyksa dks cpk ldsaA

;wfuoflZVh vkWiQ dSyhiQksfuZ;k ds Mk- ts-ih- dsafMªd dk bl ckjs esa dguk gS fd ^^vxj gesa

;w-,l-,- esa viuh lHkh iQlyksa dh vkuqoaf'kd :i ls jksxksa vkSj dhVksa ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd nsus dh

o`fÙk dks lq/kjus ds fy, dsoy vius gh vkuqoaf'kd lalk/uksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+k rks og fnu nwj ugha

tc dbZ lky igys Cyk eDdk dh iQly dks ftl rjg ^lnuZ dksuZ* us efV;kesV dj fn;k Fkk] ogh

gky vejhdk dh ckdh iQlyksa dk Hkh gks tk,xkA**

leL;k ;g gS fd tc [ksrh okyh iQlyksa dk vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj cgqr fldqM+ tkrk gS] rks

ikS/ksa ds jksxksa ds vkSj gkfudkjd dhVksa dh de ls de 15000 Kkr Lih'kht ds f[kykiQ iQlyksa esa

116

vko';d jksf/rk ykus ds fy, u, thu nqyZHk gks tkrs gSa] D;ksafd mruh vkuqoaf'kd fofo/rk okyh

lkexzh gh ikS/&çtudksa ds ikl ugha gksrhA

nwljk rjhdk dhVuk'kh vkSj iQiQwanuk'kh nokvksa dk gSA ;g rjhdk Hkh Hkjkslsean ugha jgk vkSj

cM+h leL;k,a iSnk djrk gSA dhVuk'kh nok,a gkfudkjd dhVksa ds çkd`frd 'k=kqvksa dks Hkh u"V dj

nsrh gSa vkSj budks fiQj ls iwjh la[;k esa iuius esa yf{kr dhVO;kf/;ksa ls Hkh vf/d le; yxrk gSA

dhM+s fiQj ykSV vkrs gSa vkSj fiQj muls yksgk ysus okys nq'eu Hkh xk;c feyrs gSaA [ksrksa esa fd, x,

ç;ksxksa ls irk pyk gS fd xyr le; vkSj xyr rjhds vkSj xyr ek=kk esa fd;k x;k dhVukf'k;ksa dk

fNM+dko okLro esa gkfudkjd dhVksa dh vkcknh 1250 xquh rd c<+k nsrk gSA

dhVuk'kh nokvksa esa va/k/qa/ bLrseky us /ku dh dbZ dhVO;kf/;ksa dk çdksi fiQj ls c<+k

fn;kA igys budk dksbZ [kkl egRo ugha FkkA buesa ls ,d dhV gS ^czkmu Iyk.V gkWij* ;k e/qvkA

;g 1980 ds ckn ds n'kd esa ,f'k;k esa /ku dk lcls fouk'kdkjh dhV lkfcr gqvkA cM+h [krjukd

nj ls bl dhV us nf{k.k ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa /ku dh iQly dks pkSiV djuk 'kq: dj

fn;k FkkA

;g fglkc yxk;k x;k Fkk fd vxj vejhdk esa dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk bLrseky can dj fn;k

x;k rks dhVO;kf/;ksa ds dkj.k iQlyksa dk uqdlku 33 ls 42 çfr'kr rd c<+ tk;sxkA ;g tkudj

vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds Hkkjh bLrseky ds ckctwn vejhdk esa vktdy dhVO;kf/;ksa

ds dkj.k mudh ,dfrgkbZ iQly u"V gks tkrh gSA bl gkfu dh rqyuk ijaijkxr d`f"k&ç.kkfy;ksa ls

djuk dkiQh fnypLi gksxk ftuesa fdlku dksbZ Hkh dhVuk'kh ;k iQiQwanuk'kh nok bLrseky ugha djrs

vkSj mlh tehu ds VqdM+s ij fHkUu&fHkUu çdkj ds ntZuksa isM+&ikS/s mxkrs gSaA 'kk;n mUgsa cgqr de

uqdlku mBkuk iM+rk gSA

117

LVªkWcSjh esa dhVO;kf/;ka vkSj jksx yxus dk cgqr [krjk gksrk gSA ysfdu bl fdrkc ds ys[kd

us tc LVªkWcSjh dh [ksrh ijaijkxr rjhds ls dh vkSj dksbZ nok ugha fNM+dh rks O;kikfjd :i ls

LVªkWcSjh ds ikS/s ds chp dksbZ nwljk ikS/k mxk;k x;k vkSj tkucw>dj [ksr esa edfM+;ksa vkSj phfV;ksa dh

rknkn c<+kbZ xbZA blds fy, cxhps ls lM+ jgh ydfM+;ka ykdj LVªkWcSjh ds [ksr esa tgk¡&rgka Mky nh

Fkha] cl!

;ksa Hkh jklk;fud nokvksa ds çfr dhVksa esa çfrjksf/rk c<+uk fodV leL;k cu pqdk gSA dhV]

fo"kk.kq (okbjl) vkSj iQiQawnh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj Lo;a dks <kyus esa cM+s ekfgj gSaA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa

esa vkneh ds cuk, dhVuk'kh t+gj Hkh 'kkfey gSaA dqN le; ckn dqN dhV bl t+gj dks ipkus yxrs

gSa vkSj mlds vknh gks tkrs gSaA vkxs vkSj fNM+dko djus ij ,sls jks/h dhVksa dh la[;k c<+rh pyrh

gS D;ksafd ckdh dhV Hkh vius vanj dh vkuqoaf'kd jpuk oSlh gh cuk ysrs gSa] tSlh jks/h dhVksa esa

iui pqdh gSA tks dhV ,slk ugha dj ikrs os ej tkrs gSa vkSj i;kZoj.k esa jks/h dhVksa dh vkcknh

c<+rh pyh tkrh gSA

bl rjg vusd {ks=kksa esa dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds fNM+dus dk tc dksbZ Hkh vlj ugha gqvk rks bu

nokvksa dks cukus okyh daifu;ksa us vkSj Hkh vf/d tgjhyh ubZ&ubZ nok,a cukuh 'kq: dha] tks iqjkuh

nokvksa dh txg ys ldsa ysfdu ns[kk x;k fd ftl rsth ls ubZ dhVuk'kh nok,a vkbZa] mlls T;knk

rsth ls dhVksa us vius vkidks mldk jks/h cuk fy;kA fczVsu ds jksnkeLVsM ,DlisjhesaVy LVs'ku ds

oSKkfud Mk- lkfodh ds vuqlkj %

^^dhVksa esa igys ls vkbZ çfrjksf/rk dk eqdkcyk ,sls u, dhVukf'k;ksa ls gh fd;k tk ldrk gS

ftuds çfr vHkh dhVksa esa jksf/rk ugha iuihA ysfdu ;g dsoy vLFkk;h lek/ku gS] D;ksafd u,

dhVukf'k;ksa ds çfr Hkh dhVksa esa dqN le; ckn jksf/rk iSnk gks tkrh gSA fiQj dksbZ vkSj ;kSfxd <wa<+uk

iM+rk gS] tks T;knk xgjh ekj djsA gj u;k dhVuk'kh dhVksa esa jksf/rk dh fdlh ubZ çfØ;k dks c<+kok

118

nsrk gSA bl rjg dhVksa esa fodflr ubZ jksf/rk çfØ;k ,d ugha cfYd vusd dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds çfr

dhVksa dks jks/h cuk nsrh gSA t+gjhyk vlj [kqn mu ij Hkh gksrk gSA dqN le; igys fglkc yxk;k

x;k fd gj lky dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds dkj.k 300]000 ds djhc yksx ej tkrs gSaA dhVuk'kh nok,a

iQyo`{kksa rFkk vU; egRoiw.kZ iQlyksa esa ijkx.k dk dke djus okyh e/qefD[k;ksa vkSj vU; fe=kdhVksa

dks Hkh ekj nsrs gSaA tc ijkx.kdkjh dhVksa dh la[;k de jg tkrh gS rks dhV&ijkx.k ij fuHkZj

iQlyksa dh iSnkokj esa dkiQh deh vk tkrh gSA

vusd ns'kksa esa yksxksa ds fy, çksVhu dk egRoiw.kZ lzksr os >haxs vkSj eNfy;ka gSa] tks /ku ds

[ksrksa esa ikyh tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, b.Mksusfl;k esa /ku ds [ksrksa esa eNyh ikyu ls ogka dh dqy

rktk eNyh dk ,d pkSFkkbZ Hkkx iSnk fd;k tkrk gSA lu~ 1969 esa 30 yk[k gSDVj /ku ds [ksrksa ls

ogka ds fdlkuksa us 600]000 Vu ds djhc eNyh iSnk dhA ysfdu Dyksjhu ;qDr gkbMªksdkcZuksa vkSj

vU; dhVukf'k;ksa ds bLrseky ls /ku ds [ksrksa esa ls >haxk vkSj eNyh ,d rjg ls xk;c gh gks x,

;k fiQj brus tgjhys gks x, fd fiQj mUgsa vkgkj esa 'kkfey djuk ekSr dks nkor nsuk cu x;kA

eysfj;k iQSykus okyh eknk ,ukfiQyht ePNj esa Hkh dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds çfr jksf/rk iSnk gksus

ls Hkh ;s nok,a eysfj;k&fu;a=k.k ds fy, O;FkZ gks xbZaA nwljs fo'o;q¼ ls igys nqfu;k dh vkcknh nks

vjc ;kuh orZeku tula[;k dh ,d frgkbZ gqvk djrh FkhA ml le; eysfj;k ds dkj.k rhl ls 50

yk[k yksx gj lky ekSr ds f'kdkj gksrs FksA mifuos'kokn [kRe gksus ds ckn vktkn gq, ns'kksa us tc

eysfj;k&fu;a=k.k ds mik; rst dj fn, rks gj lky eysfj;k ls gksus okyh ekSrksa esa dkiQh deh gks xbZ

vkSj os 5 yk[k jg xbZaA ysfdu eysfj;k vc iwjs tksj'kksj ls okil ykSV vk;k gSA dqN fo'ks"kKksa ds

vuqlkj lu~ 2010 rd nqfu;k esa eysfj;k tU; ekSrsa 100 yk[k çfro"kZ rd igqap tk,axhaA

119

bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k d`f"k ds {ks=k esa dhVuk'kh fgtksa dk Hkkjh bLrseky gS] D;ksafd mlds

dkj.k gok esa bruk tgj iQSyk fd eysfj;k iQSykus okyk ePNj Hkh dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds çfr jks/h cu

x;kA MsfoM cqy ds vuqlkj %

^^gkykafd eysfj;k&fu;a=k.k dk;ZØeksa esa dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds bLrseky dk Hkh ePNjksa ij ncko

iM+k ysfdu og bruk cM+k ugha gSA ePNjksa dks ekjus okyh nok vDlj ?kjksa ds vanj fNM+dh tkrh gS

vkSj ePNjksa dh cgqr NksVh vkcknh gh mlls çHkkfor gks ikrh gSA ysfdu nqfu;k ds vyx&vyx

fgLlksa ls bdV~Bh dh xbZ tkudkjh ls bl ckr ds çek.k c<+rs tk jgs gSa fd ;g rks d`f"k esa gksus

okyk dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk fNM+dko gS] tks eysfj;k&ePNj esa Hkh jksf/rk iSnk dj jgk gSA

eysfj;k&fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe dh rqyuk esa d`f"k&{ks=k esa dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk bLrseky cgqr T;knk gksrk gSA

;s dhVuk'kh ePNj dks mlds thou&pØ dh ykokZ voLFkk esa ?ksjrs gSaA bl voLFkk esa dhV esa

ifjorZu dh {kerk Hkh vf/d gksrh gS vkSj bl rjg og nokjks/h curk pyk x;k vkSj bl rjg

eysfj;k vkSj Hkh mxz :i esa ykSV vk;kA

iQy vkSj esok oxSjg iSnk djus okys o`{kksa dk vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj Hkh csgn ladjk gS vkSj bl

dkj.k os vusd iQiQwanh vkSj fo"kk.kq&jksxksa ds f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA ysfdu ;g fLFkfr iQlyksa ls rqyuh;

ugha gSA iQy&o`{kksa dk vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj ?kVkus esa ikS/ çtuu T;knk gksus dk dksbZ ;ksx ugha gS] D;ksafd

o`{kksa esa çtuu T;knk gqvk gh ughaA u rks oSKkfudksa us ,slk fd;k vkSj fdlkuksa ds cwrs dk rks çkd`frd

p;u Fkk] tks os cgqr igys dj pqds FksA

vly esa iQy&o`{kksa ds ladjs vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj dk dkj.k ;gh gS fd muesa ;kstukc¼ rjhds

ls fu;fer çtuu&dk;Z ugha fd;k x;kA bl dkj.k LFkk;h xq.kksa okyh çtkfr;ka fodflr ugha gqbZaA

,do"khZ iQlyksa esa ikS/ çtudksa dk y{; ;g jgrk gS fd ih<+h&nj&ih<+h mUgha xq.kksa dks O;Dr djus

120

okyh LFkk;h xq.kksa okyh fdLesa fodflr dh tk,aA dqN O;kikfjd xq.kksa dks ;gka NksM+ nsrs gSaA bl rjg

vokaNuh; xq.k bu iQlyksa dh çtuu&fØ;k ds nkSjku gVk fn, tkrs gSaA

ysfdu ;gh dke isM+ksa esa fd;k tk, rks mlesa cgqr le; yxrk gSA blfy, vkerkSj ij

ckxckuh ds fo'ks"kK 'kkWVZdV viukrs gSaA vokafNr xq.kksa dks gVkus ds fy, çtuu dh rduhd viukus

ds ctk; os iQynkj o`{kksa esa ls lcls cf<+;k ikS/s NkaVdj mudh dfVax vkSj dye yxkdj mudh

la[;k c<+k nsrs gSaA bl rjg vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls leku çfrfyfi;ka T;knk ls T;knk mxkbZ tkrh gSaA

,do"khZ iQlyksa esa tc çtud dksbZ ubZ fdLe ;k foHksn fodflr djrs gSa rks leku xq.kksa okys

yk[kksa&djksM+ksa ikS/s mxk, tkrs gSa] D;ksafd cht ls cksus ij ml fdLe tSls xq.kksa okys ikS/s gh iuirs gSaA

buesa vkuqoaf'kd lekurk t:j gksrh gS] ysfdu gj ikS/k vius tud ikS/ksa dk Dyksu ugha gksrk_ ;kuh

gwcgw udy ugha gksrk vkSj FkksM+h&cgqr vkuqoaf'kd fHkUurk gjsd esa gksrh gSA

ysfdu iQy vkSj esok çnku djus okys o`{kksa esa ftls ^dYVhokj* ;k ^osjkbVh* dgk tkrk gS]

og vly esa ,d ikS/k gS] ftls Dyksu fd;k x;k gS vkSj ftls vySafxd :i ls dye oxSjg yxkdj

gh ckj&ckj mxk;k tk,xkA ;kuh vxj vkius larjs ;k lsc dk cxhpk yxk;k gS rks mlesa vf/dkf/d

ikS/s fcYdqy ,d ls vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj okys gksaxs] D;ksafd lc ,d gh Js"B ikS/s ds Dyksu ds :i esa

mxk, x, gksaxsA ,d gh isM+ dh gwcgw udy gksaxs ;s lHkh isM+A bl rjg ;g foMEcuk gh dgh tk,xh

fd o`{kksa dh xq.koÙkk lq/kjus ds iQsj esa muds vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj dks O;kid cukus dh ctk; ge mls

vkSj Hkh ladjk dj nsaxsA

iQynkj isM+ksa dh ijaijkxr vkSj vk/qfud ckxckuh

vk/qfud ckxckuh esa [kk|nkrk o`{kksa dks mldk vfHkUu vax cuk;k x;k gS vkSj muds çtuu

ds ç;kl fd, tkrs gSaA iQy o`{kksa ds çtuu ls fodflr mUur ikS/s gh ckxksa esa mxkus ds fy, fn,

tkrs gSaA

121

mnkgj.k ds fy, Hkkjr esa vke dh ckxckuh bl le; nks rjhdksa ls dh tk jgh gSA ijaijkxr

ç.kkyh esa çfr gSDVj 150 ls 200 vke ds isM+ gksrs gSaA Mk- ,l- eqgEen vkSj ,y-,- foYlu ds

vuqlkj ,slh ç.kkyh esa mRikndrk dqN de gh gksrh gS & ;gh dksbZ 15 ls 25 Vu vke çfr gSDVjA

ijaijkxr ç.kkyh esa mRiknu ij ykxr Hkh T;knk vkrh gSaA isM+ brus cM+s gksrs gSa fd vkeksa dh rqM+kbZ ds

fy, dkiQh etnwj yxkus iM+rs gSaA ysfdu ckx yxkus] ns[kHkky vkSj e'khujh oxSjg dk [kpkZ cgqr

de gksrk gSA

vk/qfud ç.kkyh esa çfr gSDVj 500 ls 1600 isM+ mxk, tkrs gSaA ;s isM+ ges'kk dyeh ikS/

jksi dj gh mxk, tkrs gSaA fiQj dye xzkfÝVax ls yxkbZ xbZ gks ;k p'ek p<+kdjA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;s

lHkh ikS/s ,d [kkl fdLe ds ikS/s dh gwcgw udysa gSaA buls çfr isM+ vf/d iSnkokj feyrh gSA bl

ç.kkyh ds vusd ykHk gSaA

igyk ;g fd gj isM+ mPp mit okys isM+ dh gwcgw çfrfyfi gksus ds dkj.k ckx esa mxk,

tkus ij çfr isM+ vf/d iSnkokj feyrh gSA ckx dh ns[kHkky vPNh dh xbZ gS rks iQy vkSj Hkh T;knk

feysaxsA ijaijkxr ç.kkyh dh rqyuk esa ;gka çfr gSDVj 30 ls 50 Vu vke fey tkrs gSa ;kuh

djhc&djhc nqxus iQyA

nwljs] iQyksa dk vkdkj] Lokn vkSj nwljs xq.k Hkh gqcgw ,d ls gh gksrs gSaA O;kikfjd n`f"V ls

;g [kwch okaNuh; gSA cht ls mxk, x, o`{k dh rqyuk esa dyeh ikS/ ls mxk;k x;k isM+ tYnh

iQyus yxrk gS] ;g rhljk ykHk gSA ckxokuksa dks iQyksa dh 5] 10 ;k 15 lky rd çrh{kk ugha djuh

iM+rhA 3&4 lky esa gh iQyr 'kq: gks tkrh gSA ;gka etnwj Hkh de yxkus iM+rs gSaA ysfdu ckx

yxkus vkSj ns[kHkky ij rFkk tgka e'khuhdj.k gks x;k gS] ogka e'khuksa ij Hkkjh [kpkZ gksrk gSA isM+ksa dh

o`f¼ ckSj ykus vkSj ckSj igys gh u fxj tk, vkSj iQy vPNk vk, blds fy, gkeksZu oxSjg dk Hkh

bLrseky djuk gksrk gSA** Mk- eqgEen vkSj foYlu dk ;g fo'ys"k.k cM+k egRoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd blls

122

gesa ;g irk pyrk gS fd orZeku mRiknu&ç.kkfy;ka fdruh dkjxj gSA ysfdu ;gka dqN vkSj fodYi

Hkh gks ldrs gSaA

vizQhdk ds v/&ueh vkSj v/ lw[ks bykdksa esa ckxoku vius vke ds isM+ dyeh ikS/ dh

ctk; xqByh ls mxkuk ilan djrs gSaA bldk dkj.k ;gh gS fd dyeh vke dh ctk; xqByh ls mxk,

x, vke ds isM+ lw[ks ds fnuksa esa Hkh gjs jgrs gSaA vizQhdk ds dbZ fgLlksa esa ckxokuksa dh ;gh jk; gSA

blds fy, rdZ ;g fn;k tkrk gS fd xqByh ls iSnk isM+ dh tM+sa etcwr gksrh gS vkSj tehu esa T;knk

xgjkbZ rd tkrh gSa vkSj bl rjg ogka ls ueh ysdj lw[ks ds fnuksa esa Hkh xqByh okys isM+ lw[ks ds cqjs

vlj ls cps jgrs gSaA

nf{k.kh fiQuyS.M esa bl ys[kd dk ckx gSA pwgksa vkSj fxygfj;ksa tSls dqrjus okys çkf.k;ksa vkSj

fgju oxSjg ds geys ls bl ckx esa dkiQh uqdlku gksrk gSA xfeZ;ksa esa lw[kk Hkh ekjrk gSA ;gka Hkh

dye ls mxk, x, isM+ksa dh rqyuk esa chtw isM+ bu lc ck/kvksa dks lgrs gq, vf/d lsc iSnk djrs

gSaA vke ds vk/qfud cxhpksa esa ckSus isM+ mxk, tkrs gSa] tcfd iqjkus cxhpksa esa cM+s&cM+s fo'kky o`{k

gSaA ;s yackbZ esa 40 ehVj rd tk ldrs gSa vkSj budk ?ksjk rhu ehVj rd pkSM+k gks ldrk gSA ysfdu

,d gSDVj esa ,sls taxh vke ds isM+ eqf'dy ls dqN ntZu gh gks ldrs gSaA ysfdu bl rjg dk ,d

taxh isM+ iQyr ds ,d gh ekSle esa 10]000 rd vke iSnk djus dk fjdkMZ cuk pqdk gS & gj vke

dk otu vk/k fdyksA

blh rjg ukehfc;k esa chtw ek:yk (Ldyss dSfj;kdSiQjk) dk ,d isM+ gS tks fd lky Hkj esa

4-5 Vu rd iQy iSnk dj pqdk gSA ve:n (lhfM;e Xokokt+) dk ,d isM+ iQyr ds ekSle esa 2000

fdyksxzke rd iQy iSnk dj ldrk gSA fiQj ve:n dk rks cM+k ls cM+k isM+ Hkh dkiQh NksVk gksrk gS]

blfy, bruk mRiknu lpeqp gh cM+k vkd"kZd gSA

123

;gka è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd cM+s taxh isM+ksa esa ,sls dqN gh gksrs gSa tks T;knk iQy iSnk

djsaA vf/drj isM+ vPNh iQly ugha nsrsA iQyksa dh DokfyVh esa Hkh fHkUurk gks ldrh gSA vizQhdh

nsgkr esa iSnk gksus okys T;knkrj vkeksa dh DokfyVh vPNh ugha gSA cgqr&lksa esa js'kk cgqr T;knk gSA

cgqr&ls cM+s isM+ rks ;gka xqBfy;ksa ls vius vki gh mx vk, gSaA tc yksx [kqn Hkh cht ls

vke dk isM+ mxkrs gSa] rks ,slh xqByh [kkst fudkyuk eqf'dy gS] ftldks mxkus ij vPNh DokfyVh

ds vke feysa vkSj iSnkokj T;knk gksA fiQj Hkh dksbZ ,slk jkLrk t:j fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd

[kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa dk çtuu vkSj o`{k[ksrh djus esa vklkuh gks vkSj ftlesa ijaijkxr rFkk vk/qfud

nksuksa rjg dh ç.kkfy;ksa dk esy gksA

tks isM+ vPNh yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ çkIr dj pqds gSa vkSj vPNh rknkn esa vkdkj esa vR;f/d cM+s

[kk| iQy iSnk dj jgs gSa] muds vySafxd çtuu ls rS;kj Dyksu rks iSnk fd, gh tk ldrs gSaA

NksVs&NksVs cxhpksa esa bl rjg ds isM+ksa dh dye ysdj mfpr ewy oa`rksa (:V LVkWd) ij jksih tk

ldrh gSA bldk y{; vPNh fdLe ds vke gksuk pkfg,A tks cht nks vf/d mit'khy vke ds o`{kksa

ds chp ladj.k ls iSnk fd;k tk,xk og fu'p; gh vPNs urhts nsxkA tSlk fd igys crk;k x;k gS]

tks xq.k igyh ih<+h dh larkuksa esa fn[kkbZ nsaxs] os fdlh Hkh ,d tud o`{k ds xq.kksa dk feJ.k gksaxsA

u, chtw isM+ksa esa dqN çfr'kr isM+ dqN NksVs iQy iSnk dj ldrs gSa tks [kV~Vs ;k fiQj nwljh rjg ls

?kfV;k DokfyVh ds gksaxsA fiQj Hkh dye yxkus ;k p'ek p<+kus dh ctk; vke dh xqByh ls u, isM+

mxkuk vklku gS] blfy, ftrus pkfg, mlls T;knk isM+ mxkdj ckn esa okaNuh; xq.kksa okys mxus nsa

vkSj ckdh m[kkM+ iQsadsA

cht ls iuik, x, dqN isM+ vo'; gh vius tud o`{kksa ls csgrj iQy ;k vf/d iQy okys

gksaxsA blfy, fiQj vkxs chtw isM+ iuikus ds fy, buds vkeksa dh xqByh bLrseky dh tk ldrh gSA

124

ijaijkxr iQy o`{k ç.kkfy;ksa esa mPp xq.koÙkk okyk cht iSnk djds mRikndrk c<+kuk ,d

cf<+;k rjhdk cu ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vxj mÙke DokfyVh ds 50 chtw isM+ Hkh çfr gSDVj

mxk, tk ldsa rks os vk/qfud ç.kkyh ls çfr gSDVj vf/d la[;k esa mxk, x, NksVs isM+ksa ls vf/d

mRiknu nsaxsA

fiQygky ;g ,d ifjdYiuk gh gS ysfdu fdlh u fdlh dkj.k ls blesa ne rks gSA vHkh

rd gekjs ikl ,slh dksbZ lwpuk ugha gS fd ladj.k ls iSnk chtw isM+ ySafxd çtuu ls iQy ;k esok

okys iqjkus ckxksa esa mxk, x, gksa vkSj muesa ,sls isM+ gksa tks dkiQh vf/d iSnkokj nsrs gksa ;kuh ftUgksaus

iSnkokj ds fjdkMZ cuk, gksaaA vxj vki ,sls dqN ç;ksxksa ds mnkgj.k [kkst ldsa rks gesa t:j crk,aA

ftl rjg Åij crk;k x;k gS oSls cht iSnk fd, x, rks fiQj csgrj vkuqoaf'kd fdLeksa ds

çtuu dh t:jr ugha jgsxh] D;ksafd cM+s isM+] cM+s vkSj csgrj iQy Hkh iSnk dj ldsaxsA cM+s isM+ksa esa

ifÙk;ka Hkh cgqr gksrh gSa] tks T;knk /wi ihdj vf/d çdk'k la'ys"k.k djsaxhA çdk'k la'ys"k.k

(iQksVksflaFksfll) gh og fØ;k gS] tks gjs jax (DyksjksfiQy) dh mifLFkfr esa dkcZu Mkb vkDlkbM vkSj

ikuh ds chp vuwBh jklk;fud fØ;k ls 'kdZjk iSnk djrh gS tks vusd Loknksa vkSj :iksa esa dan ewy

iQy esa tek gks tkrh gSA blh rjg tks ge Hkkstu ysrs gSa] og lwjt dh gh ÅtkZ gSA cM+s&isM+ vf/d

cM+k tM+&ra=k Hkh cuk nsrs gSa tks feV~Vh dh xgjh ijrksa esa tkdj vf/d ueh vkSj iks"kd rRo xzg.k

dj ldrk gSA xgjk tM+ra=k okf"kZd o"kkZ ij o`{kksa dh fuHkZjrk dks Hkh de dj nsrk gSA

bl rjg dh [kk| o`{kksa dh çtuu ç.kkyh vkSj o`{k[ksrh dks lq/jh ijaijkxr ç.kkyh ;k

^,dhd`r ç.kkyh* ;k ^vf/dre fofo/rk&mPp ÅtkZ* çtuu ç.kkyh dgk tk ldrk gSA blls nwljs

Bksl iQk;ns Hkh fey ldrs gSaA

tSls fd chtw isM+ksa dk ,d iQk;nk ;g gksxk fd ifjfLFkfr;ka ftruh dfBu gksaxha isM+ mrus gh

T;knk cM+s mxsaxsA chtw isM+ detksj fefV~V;ksa] 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa] pV~Vkuh igkM+h <ykuksa vkSj o"kkZouksa dh

125

tehuksa tSlh fofo/ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mx ldrs gSaA ftu bykdksa esa nwljh ouLifr;ksa ls çfr;ksfxrk dh

laHkkouk gS ;k ?kjsyw ;k taxyh tkuoj ikS/s pj tkrs gSa] ogka Hkh cM+s isM+ viuh gfj;kyh iQSyk ldrs

gSa vkSj tes jg ldrs gSaA bl iqLrd ds igys vè;k; esa geus crk;k Fkk fd bl le; /jrh dh

dsoy 10 çfr'kr tehu esa gh [ksrh dh tk jgh gS vkSj bldk 75 çfr'kr [kk|&mRiknd o`{k mxkus

ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa okyh tehuksa esa chtw isM+ gh mxk,

tk ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vxj tehu cgqr pV~Vkuh gS] rks cht cksuk gh ,dek=k dkjxj rjhdk

gksxk] ftlls ogka isM+ mxk, tk ldrs gSaA dqN bykdksa esa ikS/ yxkdj Hkh isM+ mxkuk laHko gksxk

ysfdu chtw isM+ muds eqdkcys T;knk etcwr dn&dkBh ds lkfcr gksaxsA vDlj dye oxSjg ls

iQyo`{k ,slh tehuksa esa yxk fn, tkrs gSa tks ,do"khZ iQlysa mxkus ds fy, Hkh bLrseky dh tk ldrh

FkhA

cht ls mxk, x, isM+ o/hZ çtuu okys isM+ksa dh rqyuk esa xgjh vkSj T;knk foLr`r tM+sa iSnk

djrs gSa] blfy, ;s [kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, vf/d egRoiw.kZ gSaA o"kkZ ij de fuHkZj gksus ds dkj.k lw[ks

ds fnuksa esa Hkh chtw o`{kksa ls ehBs iQyksa vk'kk dh tk ldrh gSA

bu isM+ksa ls vf/d iSnkokj lkyksa&lky fVdkÅ rkSj ij feyrh jgsxhA D;ksafd ,d gh

vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj ij [kM+h vk/qfud ç.kkyh esa ,dy o`{kksa dh ckxckuh dHkh Hkh dhM+s vkSj chekfj;ksa

ds lkeus iLr gks ldrh gSA ;gka çLrkfor fof/ viukdj vyx&vyx rjg ds vf/d mit'khy o`{k

mxk, tk ldrs gSa vkSj os leku xq.kksa okys vf/la[;d o`{kksa ls csgrj lkfcr gksaxsA gj isM+ viuh

vyx gh ^fdLe* ijkslsxkA

çLrkfor ç.kkyh dkcZu ds fofu;ksx dh n`f"V ls Hkh vk/qfud ç.kkyh ls Js"Brj fl¼ gksxhA

ftl ç.kkyh esa cM+h la[;k esa NksVs&NksVs isM+ mxs gksa mlesa vf/d dkcZu&lap; ugha gksxkA

eku yhft, fd ,sls ckSus o`{k çfr gSDVj 2000 eh gksa] rks Hkh ydM+h dh ek=kk cgqr de

126

cSBsxhA D;ksafd gj isM+ dqN ehVj yack gksxk vkSj ruk cgqr gh iryk gksxkA ysfdu vxj çfr

gSDVj 50 vke ds cM+s isM+ gksa vkSj mudh yackbZ 40 ehVj vkSj rus dk O;kl nks ehVj gks rks

mudh xksy ydM+h esa gh dkcZu dh ek=kk dbZ xquh T;knk gksxhA

çLrkfor ç.kkyh ls LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy, LFkk;h vk/kj ij jkstxkj ds volj Hkh c<+saxsA ftl

ç.kkyh esa isM+ NksVs gksrs gSa] ogka iQyksa dh rqM+kbZ vklku gksus ls etnwjksa dh bruh vf/d t:jr ugha

iM+rhA

bl ç.kkyh esa ckx yxkus ij Hkh vf/d ykxr ugha vk;sxh D;ksafd isM+ cht ls mxk, tk,axsA

gj lky iqjkus isM+kas dh txg u, isM+ mxkus dk [kpkZ Hkh de ls de gksxkA cgqr ls cM+s isM+ chtw

gksus ds dkj.k 200 ;k dbZ lkS lky rd Åaph mRikndrk cuk, jgsaxsA ckvksckc ds isM+ gtkjksa lky ds

gks tkus ij Hkh iQynkj iQlysa iSnk djrs jgrs gSaA dyeh isM+ vkerkSj ij cgqr T;knk le; rd ugha

thrs vkSj dqN n'kdksa ds ckn gh mudh mRikndrk esa fxjkoV vkus yxrh gSA

iQy] esok vkSj iQfy;ka oxSjg iSnk djus okys vusd fdLeksa ds isM+ vPNh bekjrh ydM+h Hkh

iSnk djrs gSaA vxj isM+ dyeh gq, vkSj ckj&ckj mudh dkV&NkaV djuh iM+h rkfd vf/d cM+s u gks

ik,a rks muls vPNh DokfyVh dh bekjrh ydM+h ugha fey Ikk,xhA Åaph DokfyVh dh bekjrh ydM+h

dkiQh ek=kk esa ysuh gks rks isM+ chtw gh mxkus pkfg,A ysfdu budk eq[; mn~ns'; ekuo&vkgkj

miyC/ djkuk gh gksuk pkfg, vkSj bekjrh ydM+h dks xkS.k mn~ns'; esa 'kkfey djuk pkfg,A gka]

vxj iqjkuk isM+ vc iQy cgqr de iSnk dj jgk gS ;k fcYdqy Hkh ugha dj jgk] rks mldks dkVuk

gh csgrj gS vkSj mldh txg u;k isM+ mxkuk gksxkA bl rjg dkiQh ek=kk esa bekjrh ydM+h Hkh fey

tk,xh] ftls cspdj vPNh vkenuh yh tk ldrh gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ijaijkxr vkSj

lq/jh ijaijkxr o`{k[ksrh] vk/qfud ç.kkyh dh rqyuk esa ,d ^fVEcj cSad* dk Hkh dke djsxh vkSj

mldk iQk;nk xjhc ifjokjksa dks feysxkA dksbZ Hkh cM+k dherh isM+ dkiQh ek=kk esa bekjrh ydM+h nsdj

127

vkM+s fnuksa dk lgkjk cu tk,xkA fdlh Hkh ,d isM+ dh bekjrh ydM+h cspdj xjhc ifjokj vdky

;k fdlh xaHkhj nq?kZVuk ;k chekjh tSlh vkink dk lkeuk dj ldsxkA tc rd muds isM+ksa dh iQly

dksbZ pqjk u ys] rc rd dksbZ Hkh ifjokj lw[ks vkSj vdky ds fnuksa esa vius iQynkj o`{kksa dh cnkSyr

Hkw[kk ugha ejsxkA

bl çdkj dh çtuu ç.kkyh /hjs&/hjs gj txg ,sls isM+ iSnk djsxh tks LFkkuh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa

vf/d vuqdwy gksaxsA vxj vuqla/ku dsUæksa esa mx jgs lHkh o`{k igys dh csgrj fdLeksa ds Dyksu gksaxs

rks mudh vuqdwyu dh çfØ;k ,d rjg ls Fke tk,xhA vxj isM+ chtksa ls mxk, x, gksaxs] rks gesa

/hjs&/hjs ,sls isM+ fey tk,axs tks Hk;kog lw[ks vkSj dM+h BaM dk Hkh eqdkcyk dj ik,axsA lkFk gh

;g isM+ vius fdlh Hkh iqj[ks ls T;knk cM+s vkSj vPNs iQy vf/d ek=kk esa iSnk dj ldsaxsA

bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd fiQj dksbZ leL;k ugha jgsxhA Åij çLrkfor rjhdk [ksrh ds

lgkjs thfodk pykus okys fdlkuksa ds fy, rks Bhd gS] D;ksafd mUgsa vf/d ls vf/d LFkkuh; eaMh

esa gh vius iQy cspus gSaA ysfdu tks O;kikfjd ykHk ds fy, ckx yxkrs gSa] mUgsa ;g mruk iQk;nsean

ugha yxsxk] D;ksafd gj isM+ ds iQy vkdkj vkSj DokfyVh esa vyx&vyx gks ldrs gSaA gka] os jl]

tSe vkSj LDoS'k cukuk pkgsa ;k bu iQy vk/kfjr m|ksxksa dks cspuk pkgsa] rks vyx ckr gSA O;kikfjd

mi;ksx ds fy, iQyksa dk vkdkj] vkd`fr vkSj Lokn ,d&lk gksuk pkfg, vkSj buesa fHkUurk dks

O;kikfjd n`f"V ls udkjkRed ekuk tkrk gSA ,d vkSj leL;k ;g gS fd chtw isM+ iQy iSnk djus ls

igys dkiQh le; ysrs gSaA bldk lek/ku ;g gks ldrk gS fd rsth ls c<+us okys iQynkj isM+ yxk,

tk,a vkSj mlh tehu esa dqN dyeh isM+ Hkh yxkus esa dksbZ cqjkbZ ugha gS] D;ksafd os igys cM+s gksdj

iQy nsus yxsaxs vkSj dqN le; ckn chtw isM+ Hkh iQynk;d gks tk,axsA

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dYiuk dks lkdkj djus ds xqj

vxj vki lS¼kafrd dYiukvksa dks lkdkj :i esa vktekuk pkgrs gSa rks lcls igys rks mPp

dksfV ds isM+ksa dh ryk'k dfj,A ;kuh ,sls isM+ cgqr cM+s vkdkj ds iQy&esok ;k iQfy;ka iSnk djsa_ tks

vkSlr ls vf/d vkdkj ds iQy&esok&iQfy;ka iSnk djs_ ftuds cht vkSlr vkdkj ls NksVs gksa] ftuds

iQy [kV~Vs ;k dlSys gksus dh ctk; ehBs gksa] rkfd ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, fcYdqy mi;qDr gksa_ ;k

fiQj ,sls isM+ ftuesa iQy ds [kk| Hkkx (xwnk) vkSj v[kk| Hkkx (xqByh) ds chp lgh vuqikr gksA

Hkkjr ds vPNh DokfyVh ds n'kgjh vkeksa esa xqByh csgn iryh gksrh gS vkSj js'kkfoghu xwns esa feBkl

gh feBkl Hkjh jgrh gSA vxj bekjrh ydM+h ds fy, Hkh isM+ NkaVus gSa] rks ,sls isM+ nsf[k, tks iQy

Hkh cM+s nsrs gksa vkSj ftudk ruk yack vkSj lh/k gksA

dqN okaNuh; xq.k cgqr fojy gksaxs vkSj muls lEiUu isM+ [kkst ikuk vklku ugha gksxkA

[kklrkSj ls tc [kksts x, isM+ksa dh Lih'kht igys gh fojy ;k foyksi ds dxkj dh lwph esa 'kkfey

dh tk pqdh gksaA teZuh ds ,d ikS/ çtud dks 12 yk[k ikS/s ns[kus iM+s] rc mUgsa vkB ikS/s ,sls

feys ftuesa [kkus ;ksX; iQy vkSj mudh feBkl okaNuh; Lrj dh FkhA ;kuh muesa okaNuh; xq.kksa okys

oa'kk.kq (thu) FksA

cksRLokuk esa ^osYM çksMDV~l fjlpZ ,.M Msoyies.V (VPRD)* uked LoSfPNd laxBu ftu

isM+ksa dks iuikus dh dksf'k'k esa yxk gS] os igys gh cM+s fcjys gSa & cl dgha&dgha bDdk&nqDdk isM+

cpk gSA taxy esa mx jgs taxyh larjs ;k eadh vkWjsat Vªh dh [kkst esa vc vizQhdk esa dkykgkjh ds

vkfnokfl;ksa dks ,d&,d ikS/s ds fy, dbZ fnuksa rd taxy dh [kkd Nkuuh iM+rh gSA ^oh-ih-vkj-Mh*

djhc 6 djksM+ gSDVj ds {ks=k esa ls mPp dksfV ds o`{kksa ds uewus NkaVus esa yxh gS vkSj brus cM+s {ks=k

dk losZ{k.k djuk mlds vdsys ds cwrs dk ugha gSA blds fy, mlus ,d uk;kc rjhdk fudkyk fd

Ldwyksa vkSj xkaoksa esa çfr;ksfxrk,a vk;ksftr djuk 'kq: fd;kA tks O;fDr ;k fo|kFkhZ vius {ks=k esa lcls

129

cM+s ;k lcls ehBs iQy nsus okyk ;k loksZÙke iQly nsus okyk isM+ NkaVdj crk,xk mls ,d NksVk&lk

buke fn;k tkrk gSA

bl lw>cw> Hkjs rjhds ds cM+s cPNs urhts fudysA blesa 10]000 ls vf/d O;fDr] vf/drj

Ldwyh cPps] mPp dksfV ds o`{kksa dh [kkst dh çfr;ksfxrk esa 'kkfey gq, vkSj cM+h mi;ksxh

vkuqoaf'kd lkexzh bdV~Bh gks xbZA

bu 10]000 ls vf/d Lo;alsodksa ds fcuk vdsys ^oh-ih-vkj-Mh-* deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, brus

cM+s {ks=k esa ?kwe&?kwedj isM+ksa dh tkudkjh ysuk cM+k eqf'dy gksrkA cPpksa us ;g dke [ksy&[ksy esa gh

dj MkykA T;knkrj cPps vius vkl&ikl ds taxy esa xk; vkSj cdfj;ka pjkus tk;k djrs Fks vkSj

mUgsa igys gh irk Fkk fd tSls isM+ksa dh ^oh-ih-vkj-Mh-* dks ryk'k gS] os dgka feysaxsA

blh rjg ds rjhds nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkh vktekus pkfg,A nqfu;k ds fdlh nwljs fgLls ls

cht&laxzg ds vfHk;ku ij fudys oSKkfud vius rwiQkuh nkSjs esa cgqr cM+s {ks=k ls loksZÙke o`{kksa ds

cht bdV~Bs dj ldsa] ;g dfBu gSA ysfdu o`{k&çtuu ds fy, cht vkSj ikS/&lkexzh T;knkrj ,slh

gh tYnh esa bdV~Bh dh xbZ gSA

mPp dksfV ds o`{kksa dk irk yxkus ds ckn vc ;g ekywe djuk gksxk fd budks vySafxd :i

ls dye oxSjg yxkdj buds gwcgw Dyksu dSls cuk, tk ldrs gSaA

dbZ ckj rks ;g cM+k vklku gksrk gS] D;ksafd vusd isM+ ruksa] ifÙk;ksa] dfy;ksa ;k tM+ksa dh

dfVax ls gh mxk, tk ldrs gSaA vc ;s rjhds gj isM+ ds fy, ,d&tSls ugha gks ldrs] blfy,

ç;ksxksa ds }kjk ;g irk djuk gksxk (vktekb'k vkSj Hkwy&pwd ds rjhds ls) fd fdl isM+ dk Dyksu

fdl rjhds ls lgh cusxkA BaMs vkSj [kq'd ekSle esa gh isM+ksa ls dye ysuk vPNk jgrk gS D;ksafd

ml le; isM+ksa dh lkjh ifÙk;ka >M+ pqdh gksrh gSa vkSj os ,d rjg ls vkjke dj jgs gksrs gSaA ;fn

ifÙk;ka >M+h ugha gSa rks vPNk gksxk fd tks dye dkVh xbZ gS] mldh lkjh ifÙk;ka Hkh gVk nsa] ugha rks

130

ifÙk;ksa ls ueh mM+rh jgsxh vkSj ikS/ dh c<+okj esa nsj gksxh vkSj tM+as Hkh nsj ls iQwVsaxhA dqN o`{k

çtkfr;ksa dh dfVax ikuh esa j[k nh tk,a rks buesa tM+sa fudy vkrh gSa vkSj mlds ckn gh mUgsa jksiuk

pkfg,A

O;kikfjd ckxckuh esa rks dfVax ls tM+as tYnh fudysa] blds fy, dqN gkeksZu (vkWfDlu) ,d

fljs ij yxk fn, tkrs gSaA blfy, vxj (cwrs dk gks rks) vkWfDlu ds bLrseky ls tM+sa tYnh

fudyokus dk çca/ djsa] D;ksafd dqN o`{k&çtkfr;ksa dh dye tM+sa NksM+us esa lpeqp cM+h nsj yxkrh

gS vkSj dfBukb;ka iSnk djrh gSaA

dqN çtkfr;ksa esa tM+ksa ls cgqr&lh 'kk[kk&ç'kk[kk,a fudyrh gSa ftUgsa ^ldj* ;k HkwLrkjh dgrs

gSaA ,slh Lih'kht dks o/hZ çpkj.k (osthVsfVo çksisxs'ku) ;kuh dfVax oxSjg ls iuikuk vklku gSA tM+ksa

dh 'kk[kk ds ldj fudky dj mudks jksi nsa rks os tYnh vadqfjr gks tk,axsA dqN çtkfr;ka dan&çdan

vkfn (cYo] dksuZ] jkbtkse] V~;wcj) ls Hkh mxkbZ tkrh gSaA buesa viuk gh iks"k.k Hkjk jgrk gS] tks ikS/

mxkrs le; bLrseky gks tkrk gSA

ysfdu dbZ Lih'kht ,slh gS ftudh tM+ksa ls ldj iSnk gh ugha gksrs vkSj tM+ksa esa iks"k.k

laxzghr djus dk dksbZ vkSj rjhdk Hkh muesa ugha bLrseky gksrkA ,sls isM+ksa dks dfVax ls mxkuk eqf'dy

gksrk gSA buds fy, fiQj vf/d tfVy rduhd bLrseky djuh gksxhA

bl rjg dh ,d rduhd esa ikS/s ds nks fgLls tksM+dj mUgsa ,sls mxk;k tkrk gS] tSls og ,d

gh ikS/k gksA ftl fgLls esa tM+sa gksrh gS] mls :V LVkWd (ewyo`ar) dgrs gSa vkSj tks mlds Åij yxk

fn;k tkrk gS] mls dye (Scion) dgrs gSaA ijaijkxr ckxckuh djus okys ekyh bl dke esa cM+s

gksf'k;kj gksrs gSaA

dye yxkus vkSj p'ek p<+kus esa ewyo`ar vkSj mlds Åij yxkbZ ;k p<+kbZ xbZ dye dks bl

rjg tksM+rs gSa fd muds vanj ds Ård ,d&nwljs ds ?kfu"V laidZ esa jgsaaA bl rjg ls cs'kqekj ikS/

131

rS;kj dh tk ldrh gSA ftu Lih'kht esa dfVax jksius ls dfVax tM+ NksM+us esa cgqr nsj yxkrh gSa ;k

tM+s cukrh ugha muesa dye jksius dk rjhdk viukus ls vPNh dke;kch feyrh gSA dye yxkus vkSj

p'ek p<+kus ds cgqr ls rjhds gSa] ftuds foLrkj esa tkus dh ;gka t:jr ugha gSA

,d vkSj rjhdk gS xwVh p<+kus (ys;fjax) dkA blesa tc Vguh vius ekr`d ikS/s esa yxh gksrh

gS mlh le; mlesa ls tM+s fudysa bldk ç;kl fd;k tkrk gSA budks vfrfjDr tM+as (adventitious

roots) dgk tkrk gSA tc ;s tM+s dkiQh cM+h gks tk,a rks Vguh dks mlds ekr`d ikS/s ls dkV dj

vyx dj nsrs gSa vkSj jksi nsrs gSaA dye vkSj p'ek p<+kus dh ctk; xwVh p<+kus dk ;g rjhdk

vf/d ljy gSA ysfdu blesa Je dh ekax vf/d gksrh gS] lkFk gh T;knk ikS/ ugha rS;kj dh tk

ldrhaA bl ikS/ dks jksius ij mldh tM+sa mFkyh jgrh gSa vkSj T;knk xgjh ugha tkrhaA ysfdu vxj

ge chtw isM+ mxkdj ckx yxk jgs gSa rks fiQj dye&iQye ds pDdj esa iM+us dh t:jr ugha gSA

nkc&dye dk ,d vklku rjhdk ;g gS fd ftl isM+ esa ;g dye yxkbZ tk jgh gS mldh

tehu ds ikl okyh Vguh dks >qdkdj mldk dqN fgLlk Åij NksM+dj FkksM+k&lk fgLlk >qdk;k vkSj

feV~Vh esa nck fn;k & cl ikap ls lkr lsaVhehVj dh xgjkbZ esaA Åijh fljk gok esa [kqyk NksM+ nsrs gSaA

bl fljs ls 15 ;k 20 lsaVhehVj uhps rd vxy&cxy fudyh Vgfu;ka Hkh lkiQ dj nsrs gSaA blds

ckn dh txg ls Vguh dks feV~Vh esa nck nsrs gSa vkSj nckbZ xbZ txg ij ikuh fNM+ddj mls ue

j[krs gSaA xeZ bykdksa esa ikap ls lkr gÝrs esa tM+as fudy vkrh gSaA BaMs bykdksa esa rks blesa nks lky

rd yx ldrs gSaA dqN Lih'kht tYnh tM+sa NksM+rh gSaA

,d vkSj rjhdk xM~<k&nkc dk gSA blesa iwjh Vguh ;k ikS/k ;k isM+ gh /hjs&/hjs >qdkdj ,d

xM~<s esa nck fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds Åij ikap ls lkr lsaVhehVj eksVh feV~Vh dh ijr tek nsrs gSaA

tc Vgfu;ka iQwV vk,a rks gj Vguh dks nckdj muds Åij Hkh ikap&lkr lsaVhehVj feV~Vh p<+k nsrs gSaA

feV~Vh esa ncs fgLls dks jks'kuh ugha feyuh pkfg,A bu Hkwfexr fgLlksa ls tM+as iQwVuh 'kq: gks tkrh gSaA

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tc tMs+a dkiQh fudy vk,a rks feV~Vh gVkdj ftl txg ls tM+sa fudyh gSa mlds uhps dh vksj ls

Vguh dkV nsrs gSaA bl rjg ekr`d ikS/s ls vyx tM+nkj Vguh dks ikS/ dh rjg nwljh txg jksi nsrs

gSaA

gokbZ&nkc esa dkiQh yach] dqN&dqN l[r gqbZ Vguh bLrseky dh tkrh gS tks ,d ;k nks lky

iqjkuh gksA fljs ds ikl dh dqN ifÙk;ksa dks NksM+dj bl Vguh dh ckdh ifÙk;ka gVk nsrs gSaA ;k rks bl

Vguh dh 1-5 ls 25 lsaVhehVj Nky NYys dh 'kDy esa gVk nsrs gSa ;k iwjh Nky gh gVk nsrs gSaA tgka

ls NYyk cuk;k x;k gS] ogka ij ;k fiQj fljs ls dksbZ nks gkFk dh nwjh ij ekWl ;k ue feV~Vh yisV

nsrs gSa vkSj Åij ls ikjn'khZ IykfLVd dh iV~Vh dldj cka/ nsrs gSaA IykfLVd vanj dh ueh dks ckgj

ugha tkus nsrkA ;gha ls 45 fnu esa tMa+s iQwV vkuh pkfg, (xeZ ;k miks".k tyok;q esa)A bl gokbZ

dye dks yxkus dk lgh le; gS] ekulwu 'kq: gksrs ghA

,d rjhdk <sjh&nkc dye dk Hkh gSA bl <sjh&nkc (mound layering) esa rus dks tehu ls

10 lsaVhehVj dh ÅapkbZ ij phjk yxk nsrs gSaA ;g ml le; djrs gSa tc isM+ lqIrkoLFkk esa gksA dkV

dh txg ls iQwVh Vgfu;ksa dks feV~Vh esa nck nsrs gSaA tc vkSj Vgfu;ka iQwVsa rks vkSj Hkh feV~Vh p<+k

nsrs gSaA feV~Vh dks ue j[krs gSa] rkfd tM+sa iQwVus esa vklkuh gksA

igyk y{; ;gh gksuk pkfg, fd tks vkn'kZ o`{k dgha taxy esa ;k fdlh fdlku ds ?kj ds

fiNokM+s ;k [ksr esa [kkstk x;k gS] mldh gwcgw larkusa iSnk dj nh tk,a vkSj ,d NksVk&lk cxhpk

rS;kj dj fn;k tk,A buesa ;gka jksik x;k gj ikS/k vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls ekr`d ikS/s dh çfrfyfi gksxk

;kuh DyksuA tc ;s ikS/s cM+s gksaxs vkSj iQy iSnk djus yxsaxs rHkh irk py ik,xk fd buesa ls dqN

'kDy&lwjr esa rks vius ekr`d ikS/s tSls gh gSa] exj lh[k esa] xq.kksa esa fcYdqy vyx gSA iQy dh

xq.koÙkk isM+ dh vkuqoaf'kd cukoV vkSj mls dSlk [kkn&ikuh vkSj ekgkSy feyk gS] bl ij fuHkZj gksrh

gSA vPNh iQly iSnk dj jgk gks] rc Hkh ;g t:jh ugha fd isM+ esa ik, tkus okys oa'kk.kq mPp

133

dksfV ds okaNuh; xq.kksa ds fu;ark gksaxsA dbZ ckj rks ekSle vPNk gqvk gkSj [kkn] ikuh] /wi [kwc fey

xbZ rks vPNk okrkoj.k feyus ls gh isM+ksa esa vPNh iQyr gks tkrh gSA gks ldrk gS fd tgka isM+

mxk;k x;k gks ogka dh feV~Vh gh cgqr mitkÅ gksA ml txg nhed dh ckafc;ka jgh gksa] rks mudh

otg ls Hkh feV~Vh mitkÅ gks tkrh gSA nhedksa dh ckach esa reke rjg ds lw{etho iui vkrs gSa tks

ikS/s dh c<+okj esa enn djus okys gkeksZu vkSj ,atkbe iSnk djrs gSaA ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd feV~Vh

esa Hkwty [kwc gks vkSj T;knk xgjk u gksA

Åij ls isM+ esa tks [kwfc;ka fn[kkbZ nsrh gS og mldk iQhuksVkbi (phonotype) ;kuh n`';:i

dgk tkrk gSA thuksVkbi ;k oa'kç:i esa [kwfc;ka gksrh gSa tks mlds vanj oa'kkxfr ls vkbZ gSa vkSj

okrkoj.k dh nsu ugha gSa] iqj[kksa dh nsu gSaA vke cksypky esa blh dks dgrs gSa fd ;g rks mlds [kwu

esa gSA

tc vkn'kZ o`{kksa ls dye oxSjg yxkus ds o/hZ çpkj.k (osthVsfVo çksisxs'ku) ds rjhds ls

rS;kj ikS/ fdlh cxhps esa jksih tkrh gS rks mlds fy, vPNk ekgkSy Hkh rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA ;kuh

okrkoj.k dh çfrdwyrk,a gVk nh tkrh gSaA bldk eryc ;g Hkh gS fd vxj ikS/ ds vanj vPNs

oa'kk.kq ugha gS rks mls dgha Hkh yxk nks vkSj fdruk gh vPNk ekgkSy nks] mlls vPNs iQyksa dh vk'kk

ugha dh tk ldrhA ysfdu mldk oa'kç:i vPNk gS rks ubZ txg esa teus esa Hkh mls vf/d le;

ugha yxsxkA ,sls gh mPp dksfV dh oa'kkxfr okys ikS/s rks mxus nsa] ckdh gVk nsaA

ljdkjh rkSj ij dh tk jgh oSKkfud 'kks/ dsUæksa dh ckxckuh esa rks isM+ksa dk ijkx.k Hkh [kqn

oSKkfud gh djrs gSaa] rkfd irk jgs fd fdl fdLe ds ikS/s dk ijkx bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg

gj isM+ dh oa'kkoyh dk fjdkMZ j[kk tkrk gSA vxj gesa vokaNuh; xq.k okys oa'kk.kq gVkus gSa rks gesa

Hkh ;gh oSKkfud rjhdk viukuk gksxkA ;gh ,d rjhdk gS ftlls irk pysxk fd dkSu ls tud o`{kksa

134

esa vokaNuh; xq.k iSnk djus okys vçHkkoh (recessive) oa'kk.kq gSa vkSj fdlesa ugha gSA bl ckr dk

[kqyklk ge ckn esa djsaxsA

Ysfdu ;fn gesa isM+ksa dh vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls fe=k ikS/ yxkuh gS] vkSj fofo/rk ykuh gS rks

fiQj ogh oa'kç:i ih<+h&nj&ih<+h cpk, j[kus dk >a>V mBkus dh t:jr ugha gSA vxj chtw isM+ksa ds

cxhps esa okaNuh; xq.k okys isM+ ekStwn gSa rks fiQj muesa [kqyk ijkx.k gksus nsa] D;ksafd çd`fr esa rks ,slk

gh gksrk jgk gSA vxj lHkh isM+ lko/kuh ls NkaVs x, Js"B oa'kç:i gSa vkSj muds vkl ikl dksbZ Hkh

derj isM+ ugha mx jgk rks fiQj fuf'apr jfg, gekjs isM+ksa ds cht mÙke dksfV ds ikS/s cukrs jgsaxsA

tSlk fd ge igys crk pqds gSa fdlh ,d oa'kk.kq (thu) ls fu;af=kr okafNr xq.k fdlh isM+

esa nks vçHkkoh ;k nks çHkkoh oa'kk.kqvksa ds nksuksa tud (ekrk&firk) esa gksus ij vkrs gSa] ;k fiQj ,d

esa nks çHkkoh oa'kk.kq gks vkSj nwljs esa ,d çHkkoh oa'kk.kq gksA vkf[kjh fodYi esa gh ;g xaqtkb'k gS fd

25 çfr'kr larkusa ,slh gks ldrh gSa] ftuesa okafNr xq.k u gksaA

ml cht ds ijh{k.k dk lekiu djus ds fy, blds chtw isM+ksa dk ,d NksVk&lk taxy ;k

cxhpk yxkuk gksxkA vxj Åij fn, x, vuqeku lgh gSa] rks cht ls iSnk fd, x, cxhpksa esa bu chtw

isM+ksa dh vkSlr mit tYnh gh vk/qfud cxhpksa esa NksVs dyeh ikS/ks ls vf/d gks tk,xhA gka] bruk

t:jh gS fd chtw cxhps esa iQyksa dh DokfyVh esa varj gksxkA

eku yhft, fd ge rhu xq.kksa esa fnypLih j[krs gSa&iQyksa dh T;knk mit] cM+k vkdkj vkSj

vf/d feBklA geus dsoy os gh isM+ pqus gSa ftuesa ;s okafNr xq.k gSaA lHkh taxyh isM+ vkerkSj ij

vPNh ek=kk esa iQy iSnk djrs gSa] blfy, bl xq.k dks Hkh NksM+ ldrs gSaA ;kuh vc nks gh xq.k cps]

ftu ij è;ku nsuk gSA ge bl mnkgj.k esa ;g Hkh ekudj pysaxs fd ;s nksuksa xq.k ,d lkFk oa'kkxr

gksrs gSa vkSj bl rjg p;ukRed çtuu (lysfDVo czhfMax) ls budks vyx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

135

FkksM+s cpko dh [kkfrj ge lcls cqjk fodYi pqurs gSa fd nksuksa tud o`{kksa esa ,d vçHkkoh

oa'kk.kq gS tks fd iQyksa esa [kVkl iSnk djrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd igyh ih<+h ds 25 çfr'kr

ikS/s [kV~Vs iQy iSnk djsaxsA vxj fdlh ,d tud esa gh vçHkkoh oa'kk.kq gqvk ;k nksuksa esa ls fdlh esa

Hkh ugha gqvk rks dksbZ Hkh isM+ [kV~Vs iQy iSnk ugha djsxkA

;g Hkh eku ysa fd nksuksa tudksa esa NksVs vkdkj ds iQy cukus okys oa'kk.kq gS rks bl cht ds

16 isM+ksa esa ls 9 isM+ gh ,sls gksaxs ftuesa cM+s vkSj ehBs iQy cusaxsA rhu isM+ cM+s ij [kV~Vs iQy] rhu

[kV~Vs ij NksVs iQy vkSj ,d NksVs vkSj [kV~Vs iQy iSnk djsxkA

vxj gekjk ckxoka dsoy cM+s vkSj ehBs iQy pkgrk gS rks mlus 9 mi;ksxh o`{kksa dh ,ot 7

vuqi;ksxh o`{k mxus fn,A bl leL;k ds nks vklku gy lq>k, tk ldrs gSaA

'kq: esa gh ftrus ikS/s pkfg, mlls T;knk ikS/s mxkb,A ;g vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gS

D;ksafd çkS<+ o`{kksa dh ctk; u, ikS/s NksVs gksrs gSa vkSj de txg ?ksjrs gSaA fiQ chtw ikS/ksa dh dher

Hkh dyeh ikS/ksa ls de gksrh gSA vxj vkius [kqn gh chtw ikS/ rS;kj dh gS rks vkidks cl cht gh

[kjhnuk iM+sxkA

bl rjg eku ysa fd vki çfr gSDVj 1600 ikS/ksa ls 'kq: djrs gSa vkSj tc vkidks irk py

tkrk gS fd fdl&fdl esa okaNuh; xq.k ugha gS] rks muesa ls 700 ikS/s m[kkM+ nsrs gSa ysfdu blesa dqN

?kkVk t:j mBkuk iM+sxk D;ksafd fiQj NksVs ikS/ksa ds chp dh txg esa 'kq: esa vki dksbZ iQly ugha

mxk ldrsA

nwljk rjhdk ;g gks ldrk gS fd vki ikS/ ogh jksisa ftlds ckjs esa irk gS fd mlesa okaNuh;

xq.k okys oa'kk.kq gSa vkSj ftuesa ;s xq.k ugha gSa] mUgsa igys gh u"V dj nsaA oSKkfud vuqla/ku dsUæksa esa

rks eknk iQwyksa ij IykfLVd dh FkSyh p<+kdj dhVksa ls ijkx.k jksdk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd os rks fdlh

Hkh isM+ dk ijkx ykdj >kM+ nsaxsA IykfLVd FkSyh gok ls ijkx.k gksus esa Hkh #dkoV Mkyrh gSA fiQj

136

okaNuh; xq.k okys isM+ dk ijkx ysdj IykfLVd gVkdj eknk iQwy dh L=khdslj ij >kM+ fn;k tkrk gS

vkSj tud ekrk&firk dk C;kSjk fy[k fn;k tkrk gS fd fdldk ijkx Fkk] fdldk L=khdslj Fkk vkSj

VSx ;kuh iUuh ikS/s ls cka/ nh tkrh gSA ,d gh isM+ ds vyx&vyx eknk iQwyksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu isM+ksa

ls ijkx ysdj ijkx.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,sls gj iQwy ds lkFk iwjk C;kSjk fy[kdj uRFkh dj

fn;k tk,xkA gj ckr ntZ dh tkrh gS vkSj lgh&lgh fjdkMZ lko/kuhiwoZd laHkkydj j[kk tkrk gSA

vc gesa irk gS fd chtw isM+ ls mxk, x, nksuksa tud (uj vkSj eknk) d`f=ke :i ls ijkfxr

cht ls iSnk fd, x, gSaA igyh ih<+h ds xq.k gesa dkiQh dqN irk py tkrs gSaA vxj lHkh ikS/ksa esa

okafNr xq.k vk x, rks gesa irk gS fd muds tud o`{k igyh ih<+h esa ges'kk bUgha xq.kksa okyh larkusa

iSnk djsaxsA lkFk gh muds Dyksu rks oSls gh xq.kksa okys gksaxs ghA bldk eryc ;s gqvk fd bu tud

o`{kksa dks ;k muds Dyksuksa dks vkxs ekr`d o`{kksa ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlds

vPNs urhts feysaxsA vHkh ;g rks ugha dgk tk ldrk fd igyh ih<+h ls vkxs dh larkuksa esa Hkh ;s

xq.k blh :i esa fVdkÅ jgsaxs ;k ugha D;ksafd uj vkSj eknk esa ls ,d esa vc Hkh vokaNuh; vçHkkoh

oa'kk.kq gksxkA vxj geus vusd ç;ksx fd, gSa vkSj muesa fHkUu&fHkUu o`{kksa dk mi;ksx fd;k gS rks vU;

ijh{k.kksa ls bl ç;ksx ds lR;klR; dh ij[k dh tk ldrh gSA bldks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, igyh

ih<+h ds dqN ikS/ksa dk vkil esa ladj.k djk;k tk ldrk gSA vxj muls iSnk nwljh ih<+h esa vokafNr

xq.k çdV ugha gksrs rks ge iwjs Hkjksls ls ;g urhtk fudky ldrs gSa fd gekjs ikl ,d fVdkÅ fdLe

gS ftlds xq.k ih<+h&nj&ih<+h ugha jgsaxs] cnysaxs ughaA vxj ge bl cht esa vkSj Hkh fVdkÅ xq.k

Mkyuk pkgsaxs rks gesa vkSj Hkh ihf<+;ksa dh t:jr iM+sxh vkSj ijh{k.kksa ds fy, vkSj txg dh t:jr

iM+sxhA ysfdu tc rd ge dqN gh xq.kksa rd lhfer gSa rc rd NksVs cxhps ;k [ksr ls Hkh dke py

tk,xkA

137

dgka #dsa

vc loky mBrk gS fd ftl rjg orZeku d`f"k ç.kkyh esas ,dy d`f"k esa vf/d dhV

O;kf/;ka vkSj jksx iSnk gksus dh leL;k vk tkrh gS] ,slk gekjs [ksr ;k cxhps esa u gks] ;g fdrus

fnu lqfuf'pr jgsxkA

D;ksafd geus cM+s O;kid vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj ls 'kq: fd;k Fkk vkSj D;ksafd geus Dyksfuax dk

bLrseky ;kuh Js"B dyeh ikS/s mxkuk dsoy muls cht iSnk djus rd lhfer j[kk Fkk] blfy, ge

vius isM+ksa dk p;u&çtuu yxHkx vfuf'pr dky rd djrs pys tk ldrs gSaA blesa gekjs isM+ksa dh

iQly dk vkuqoaf'kd vk/kj dksbZ T;knk ugha fldqM+sxkA

u, isM+ ges'kk cht ls gh iSnk fd, tk,a rks vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls ,d ls ikS/s iSnk gksus vkSj

mxkrs pys tkus ds ^eksuksdYpj* (,dy d`f"k) dk dksbZ [krjk iSnk ugha gksxkA vius çtuu&ç;klksa esa

geus ges'kk gh mPp dksfV ds iQyksa dh vf/d iQyr dk è;ku j[kk rks ih<+h&nj&ih<+h gesa yxkrkj

igys ls cf<+;k iQy feyrs jgsaxs vkSj gj ckj igys ls dqN T;knk iQly iSnk gksrh jgsxhA bldk

eryc ;g ugha gS fd ge vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls le:i o`{kkoyh iSnk dj jgs gSaA vly esa ge ogh

dj jgs gSa tks gekjs fdlku iqj[ks djrs vk;s Fks fd ,slh gtkjksa&yk[kksa vf/d mit'khy fdLesa iSnk

djuk] tks vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls fHkUurk fy, iSnk gkasxhA

tc isM+ksa dks cht ls mxk;k tkrk gS rks gekjs ikl ,slk dksbZ lk/u ugha gS fd ge mUgsa

ij&ladj.k ;k muesa mRifjorZu (E;wVs'ku&;kuh vpkud u, xq.kksa okyh fdLe esa cny tkuk) ;k fiQj

fdlh vU; ?kfu"V :i ls lacaf/r Lih'kht ls ladj.k dks jksd ik,aA ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd

rFkkdfFkr neud oa'kk.kqvksa (lçslj thUl) dh enn ls dqN oa'kk.kq pkyw gks tk,a vkSj dqN B?k gks

tk,aA tc isM+ksa dks chtksa ls mxk;k tkrk gS rks os ubZ n'kkvksa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj Lo;a dks

<kyus dh fØ;k pkyw j[krs gSaA os fodV lw[kk Hkh lg ysrs gSa] xehZ Hkh vkSj BaM vkSj ikyk HkhA os

138

[kkjsiu ;k jsg ds lkeus Hkh ?kqVus ugha Vsdrs vkSj jksxksa vkSj dhVO;kf/;ksa dks ijkLr djus ds u, rjhds

iSnk dj ysrs gSa] vkfn&vkfnA bl fodkl&çfØ;k esa #dkoV Mkyus dk ,d gh rjhdk gS fd vki ,d

gh isM+ ds Dyksu yxkrkj ih<+h&nj&ih<+h mxkrs jgsaA orZeku çtuu&ç.kkyh esa vk/qfud ikS/&çtud

gksrs rks gSa eqV~Bh Hkj] ysfdu fo/krk ds /a/s esa cans dk n[ky nsus esa brus gksf'k;kj gks x, gSa fd os

fodkl dh çfØ;k dks liQyrkiwoZd cny ldrs gSaA vkxs py dj muds bl rjhds ds liQy gksus

dh tjk Hkh xqatkb'k ugha jgrhA csgrj ;gh gksxk fd ge fodkl&Øe dks gekjs fy, viuk dke

csjksdVksd djus nsa vkSj ge çd`fr ds fo#¼ tkus dh ctk; mls lg;ksx nsaA

vxj ,d ,dhd`r o`{k çtuu ç.kkyh viukbZ tk, rks tYnh gh] fl¼kar :i esa] ge o`{k[ksrh

dks c<+kus okys rhu vjc [kk|&nkrk çtud iuik ldsaxsA blesa fo'o ds lHkh fdlku vkSj ckxcku

'kkfey gksaxs u fd dqN gtkj oSKkfud tks fd viuh vuqla/ku'kkykvksa esa O;Lr jgrs gSaA

fiNys dksbZ 10]000 o"kksZ rd ikS/&çtuu dk dke mu fdlkuksa ds vkljs gh pyk tks [kqn

fofHkUu iQynkj o`{kksa vkSj vU; mi;ksxh ikS/ksa dks jksirs] mxkrs] p;u djrs vkSj mudks vius vuqdwy

<kyrs jgsA

,slk Hkh gqvk gS fd dqN ljdkjksa us futh O;kikfjd daifu;ksa ds lkFk feydj fdlkuksa vkSj

ckxckuksa dks rks ikS/&çtuu ls nwj j[kk vkSj bl ij viuk ,dkf/dkj tek;kA blls dqN eqV~BhHkj

oSKkfudksa vkSj O;kikfjd daifu;ksa dk Hkys gh cgqr iQk;nk gqvk gks] vf/drj yksxksa dks rks ekewyh

ykHk gh feykA ;gh ugha bl ç.kkyh us gekjs [kk|&mRiknu vkSj ikS/&çtuu ç.kkyh dks iVjh ls mrkj

dj xSj fVdkÅ lM+d ij /fd;k fn;k tks nsj&lcsj va/xyh esa igqap tk,xh] ftldk jkLrk vkxs can

gksxkA

vxj bldh ctk; djksM+ksa ds tucy dks blesa yxk;sa vkSj reke fdlku rFkk ckxcku blesa

'kkfey gks dj isM+&ikS/ksa dh lq/jh fdLesa cukus vkSj mxkus ds vfHk;ku esa yx tk,a rks ,d ckj fiQj

139

gj dksbZ viuh t:jr ds dan&ewy&iQy vkSj vukt oxSjg [kqn mxkus yxsxkA [kk|&nkrk o`{kksa vkSj

vUunkrk ikS/ksa dh fiQj ge gtkjksa fHkUu&fHkUu fdLesa fodflr dj ldsaxsA

bl çdkj ds vfHk;ku esa Hkkjr rFkk vU; nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'k cgqr cM+k ;ksx ns ldrs gSaA

nf{k.k ,f'k;k us fo'o dks igys gh lcls mi;ksxh iQynkrk vkSj vUunkrk ikS/s çnku fd, gSa vkSj

dksbZ dkj.k ugha gS fd ;g {ks=k Hkfo"; esa Hkh ;g Hkwfedk u fuHkk;sA vdsys Hkkjr esa gh vusd çdkj

ds ouLifr&{ks=k vkSj tyok;q&{ks=k gSaA vkæZ vkSj mi&vkæZ (sub-humid) ls ysdj v/Z&'kq"d vkSj

'kq"d rFkk m".kdfVca/h; ls ysdj miks".k vkSj 'khrks".k rFkk fgeky; ds Åaps vYikbu {ks=k rd lHkh

rjg dh tyok;q Hkkjr esa feyrh gSaA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh dksus esa mxkus

okyk dksbZ Hkh [kk|nkrk o`{k Hkkjr esa dgha u dgha vo'; mxk;k tk ldrk gSA Li"V gS fd Hkkjr

rFkk vU; nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gtkjkas ns'kh&fons'kh [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa ds çtuu esa fo'o dk usr`Ro

dj ldrs gSaA mlls bu reke Lih'kht dh tSofofo/rk ds laj{k.k esa Hkh cgqr lgk;rk feysxhA

bl iqLrd ds pkSFks vè;k; esa dqN vf/d mi;ksxh vkSj fnypLi o`{k&çtkfr;ksa dk ifjp;

fn;k x;k gSA blls irk pysxk fd o`{k[ksrh dk O;kid vfHk;ku pykus ds D;k&D;k laHkkfor ykHk gSaA

vHkh rd oSKkfudksa vkSj ikS/ çtudksa dk è;ku vkSj dk;Z [kklrkSj ls ou&vk/kfjr m|ksxksa ds

fy, dPpk eky çnku djus okys vkfFkZd egRo ds dqN eqV~Bh Hkj isM+ksa dh çtkfr;ksa ds lq/kj esa gh

[kirk jgk gSA

[kk| rFkk iks"k.k&lqj{kk ds fy, vko';d vf/la[; mi;ksxh çtkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa 'kk;n gh

dksbZ vuqla/ku fd;k x;k gksA ftu Lih'kht ij lcls vf/d è;ku fn;k x;k muesa Hkh çtuu ds

ç;klksa esa 'kkWVZ dV viuk, x, vkSj dye oxSjg ds vySafxd o/hZ çtuu ls Js"B Dyksu rS;kj djus

dh fof/ us çR;sd Lih'kht dh vkuqoaf'kd fofo/rk dks ladqfpr dj fn;kA

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,slh ubZ çtkfr;ka tks taxy ls ckgj ykbZ gh ugha xbZ] mudk ?kjsywdj.k cgqr cM+h pqukSrh

gksxhA vusd egRoiw.kZ laHkkoukvksa ls Hkjiwj Lih'kht ds taxyh LoHkko dks cnydj [ksrksa vkSj cxhpksa

esa mxkus ;ksX; cukus esa dksbZ vdsyk tq>k: vkSj çfrc¼ oSKkfud igy djs rks fiQj ihNs pyus okys

feyrs pys tk,axsA ij dksbZ igy rks gksA fdlh Hkh vk'kkçn o`{k ;k o`{kksa ds oa'k (thul) ds

?kjsywdj.k vkSj lq/kj dk dke 'kq: fd;k tk ldrk gSA

gks ldrk gS fd ,d O;fDr dk iwjk thoudky [ki tk, vkSj dke iwjk u gks ik,] ysfdu

mls vius thoudky esa gh vius lRdeZ dk iQy ns[kus dks vo'; fey tk,xkA ysfdu nwljs yksx

tgka vkius NksM+k ogka ls e'kky vkxs ys tk ldrs gSaA

ysfdu ,d n`f"V ls gekjk viuk le; cM+k vuwBk lkfcr gksxkA gtkjksa&yk[kksa o`{kksa vkSj ikS/ksa

dh Lih'kht vkSj mudh gtkjksa fdLeksa dk] çkd`frd fodkl vkSj p;u ls] bl i`Foh ij vorj.k

gqvk vkSj gekjk lkSHkkX; gS fd buesa ls vf/drj vc Hkh gekjs chp esa cph iQy&iQwy jgh gSaA

ysfdu buds flj ij bruk cM+k [krjk eaMjk jgk gS fd vxj ge gkFk ij gkFk j[ks cSBs jgs rks gekjs

lkeus gh ;g lc gjs ^egktho* i`Foh dks NksM+dj varè;kZu gks ldrs gSaA

lu~ 1960 vkSj 2000 ds chp esa fo'o dh tula[;k rhu ls Ng vjc gks xbZ vkSj 2040 rd

c<+dj 8 ;k 9 vjc gks ldrh gSA ,slk yxrk gS fd ,d lnh ls Hkh de le; esa /jrh ds ewy

çkd`frd ou dk vf/dka'k u"V gks tk,xk vkSj cgqr dqN rks u"V gks Hkh pqdk gSA cl ogh cp jgasxs]

ftUgas geus cpk fy;kA ckdh lc ges'kk ds fy, foyqIr gks tk,axsA

ekuo tkfr (gkseks lsfi,al) ,d yk[k o"kksZa ls bl /jrh ij ekStwn gSA ekuo oa'k (gkseks

Lih'kht) 'kk;n 20 yk[k o"kksZa ls i`Foh ij fopj.k djrk jgk gSA bu 50]000 ds yxHkx ihf<+;ksa esa

/jrh ij 50 ;k 100 vjc euq"; rks vkrs&tkrs jgs] ,slk vuqeku gSA fgUnw /eZ vkSj mlh ds ,d

lEçnk; ckS¼/eZ ds vuq;k;h 'kk;n ;g dgsa fd ;s lHkh ,d gh vkRek okys tho Fks] tks ckj&ckj

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tUe ysrs jgsA ysfdu geus rks ;g la[;k dsoy blfy, çnf'kZr dh gS fd ge ;g tku ysa fd bu

ekuoksa esa ls vf/drj dk fuokZg o`{kksa ls çkIr dan&ewy&iQy vkfn ds dkj.k gh gks ik;kA ouksa us

mUgsa vkJ; fn;k vkSj o`{kksa us mUgsa ikykA ekuo bfrgkl ds dsoy fiNys vk/s çfr'kr fgLls esa gh

d`f"k dk fodkl gqvk vkSj mlds ckn Hkh ekuo&vkgkj esa o`{kksa dk egRo de ugha gqvk gS] D;ksafd

Lokfn"V vkSj ikSf"Vd iQy vkt Hkh o`{kksa ls gh feyrs gSaA

dqN ugha irk fd bl x`g&xzg ij ge dc rd jgsaxsA gks ldrk gS fd vxyh ihf<+;ka

HkkX;oku jgha rks vxyh 50]000 ihf<+;ksa rd ;k mlls Hkh vf/d le; rd i`Foh dh 'kksHkk c<+krh

jgsaA Lru/kjh çkf.k;ksa ds vusd oa'k bl i`Foh ij yk[kksa&djksM+ksa o"kZ rd jgs gSa rks ekuo rks lHkh

Lru/kfj;ksa esa lcls c<+dj gSA

ysfdu i`Foh ij ekuo&bfrgkl ds 99-9 çfr'kr le; esa dqNsd yk[k ;k djksM+ euq"; gh bl

i`Foh ij clrs FksA bl le; gh mldh fxurh vjcksa esa gks jgh gS vkSj vkxs Hkh gksrh jgsxhA bldk

eryc ;g gqvk fd bl xzg ij Hkfo"; esa ,d le; esa brus ekuo gksaxs ftrus fd vc rd

LoxZyksd vkSj eR;Zyksd ds chp tUes] ft, vkSj ejs gSaA

;fn ge vR;ar egRoiw.kZ vkSj lcls vk'kkçn oU; o`{kksa dks cpkdj [kkus ;ksX; dan&ewy&iQy]

iQwy] iÙkh] esok] cht ;k iQfy;ksa dks iSnk djus okyh Lih'kht dh vla[; fdLeksa dk çtuu dj lds

rks vkxs vkus okyh 50]000 ;k vf/d ihf<+;ksa dk thou lq[kh vkSj laiw.kZ cuk ldsaxs vkSj tks 10

djksM+ O;fDr vHkh vkxs tUe ysaxs mUgsa Hkh gjh&Hkjh vkSj iQyrh&iQwyrh /jrh feysxhA

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156

vè;k; 4-

egRoiw.kZ o`{k çtkfr;ka

vkxs ds iUuksa esa bl fdrkc dh n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ vusd o`{k çtkfr;ksa vkSj oa'kksa dk C;kSjk

fn;k x;k gSA blesa ouLifrfoKku vkSj m|kufoKku laca/h lwpuk ds lkFk o`{kksa ls tqM+h ikSjkf.kd

xkFkk,a vkSj nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa muds lkaLd`frd egRo ij Hkh çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA

bu o`{kksa ls tqM+h vusd dgkfu;ka Hkh ;gka tksM+ nh xbZ gSaA

eq[; :i ls ,slh Lih'kht dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gS] tks cM+h ek=kk esa iks"kd [kk| iSnk djrs

gSa vkSj dkiQh cM+s vkdkj ds gks tkrs gSa (rkfd os çfr gSDVj vf/dkf/d tSo dkcZu laxzghr djsa)A

ge ;g ekurs gSa fd tks isM+ dkcZu&lap;&okfudh esa bLrseky fd, tk,a] os ekuo&vkgkj ds fy,

[kk| dk mRiknu Hkh djsa rks vPNk gksxkA fiQj Hkh mu vusd NksVs o`{kksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS

ftudk [kk|&mRiknu esa dksbZ egRo ugha gS] ysfdu cM+s vkdkj ds dkj.k dkcZu&lap; esa Hkkjh ;ksx

nsrs gSaA

bl lwph esa dqN mYys[kuh; isM+ NwV Hkh x, gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vR;ar vkfFkZd egRo ds

gksrs gq, Hkh larjk&uhcw feB~Bk&ekSleh&pdksrjk dhuw tSls iQy iSnk djus okys lkbVªl oa'k ds o`{k

'kkfey ugha fd, x,A ;g 'kk;n vthc yxs ysfdu bl fdrkc esa gekjk n`f"Vdks.k ;g jgk gS fd

vusd lkbVªl&oa'kh o`{k mrus egRoiw.kZ ugha gSA buds isM+ NksVs gksrs gSa] ftudk dkcZu&lap; esa ux.;

;ksx gSA çksVhu vkSj dSyksjh dh n`f"V ls bu o`{kksa ds iQyksa dk ;ksx Hkh iks"k.k&eku esa cgqr uhps gSA

geus tks o`{k lwph esa 'kkfey fd, gSa os dkiQh iks"kd iQy] esos ;k iQfy;ka iSnk djrs gSaA ;gka rd

rkM+ o`{kksa esa rus esa phjk yxkdj fudkyk tkus okyk jl &uhjk Hkh vf/drj lkbVªl oa'kh iQyksa ds

xwns ls vf/d ikSf"Vd gksrk gSA

157

bl lwph esa esok] [kkus ;ksX; cht] ;k iQfy;ka iSnk djus okys ,sls vusd o`{k 'kkfey fd, gSa]

ftUgsa cgqr&ls yksx ekuo&vkgkj esa 'kkfey djus ls 'kk;n fgpfdpk,aA mnkgj.k ds fy, vusd iQyh

okys ysX;wfeukslh dqy ds o`{k] ,dksuZ vkSj chpuV blh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA fl¼kar :i esa os [kkus ;ksX;

gSa] ysfdu [kkus dh est] Fkkyh ;k iÙky rd ykus ls igys mu ij dkiQh 'kks/ dk;Z djuk iM+sxkA

ysfdu gesa ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd ge bl le; tks 'kkdkgkj djrs gSa] mldk

vf/dka'k [kkus ;ksX; cukus ls igys ç'kksf/r vkSj çlaLd`r fd;k tkrk gSA vukt ds nkus ge dPps rks

ugha [kk ldrsA mudk fNydk gVkvks] ihlks vkSj vkVk cukvks] fiQj jksVh idkvks ;k McyjksVh ;k

fcLdqV oxSjg cukvks] rHkh [kkus ;ksX; gks ikrs gSaA blh rjg dlkok ;k Vsfivksdk dks Hkh [kkus ls

igys mckyuk] Nhyuk ;k fiQj lq[kkdj] ihldj vkVs esa cnyuk gksrk gSA blds lkcwnkus Hkh curs gSaA

nkysa Hkh fHkxksuh vkSj idkuh gksrh gSaA

tc isM+ksa ls [kk| inkFkZ ikus dk ftØ vkrk gS rks gekjk è;ku ids iQy vkSj esoksa ij gh

tkrk gS] ftUgsa cl rksM+ks vkSj pwl yks ;k [kk yksA ge ;g ugha lksprs fd budh jksVh ;k nfy;k cus

;k [kkus ds rsy esa budks ryk tk,A

vxj ge bl ckr dks xys mrkj ysa fd ftl rjg vf/drj vuktksa dks [kkus ls igys idkus

rd reke çfØ;kvksa ls xqtkjk tkrk gS] oSls gh o`{kksa ls çkIr dqN cht] iQfy;ka] xqBfy;ka] esos vkSj

iQy Hkh ç'kksf/r djus iM+ ldrs gSaA gekjs orZeku ouksa ls Hkh ,slh cs'kqekj iks"kd lkexzh fey ldrh

gSA vly esa ;g gks ldrk gS fd dSyksjh vkSj çksVhu dh n`f"V ls /jrh ij mxus okys isM+

ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, [ksrhckM+h ls Hkh T;knk [kk| inkFkZ eqgS;k djk ldsa] gkykafd bl [kk|&HkaMkj dk

ftruk Hkkx bl le; vkneh [kkrk gS] og fcYdqy uk ds cjkcj gSA

;g nkok cM+k nfd;kuwlh yx ldrk gS] ysfdu gesa bl urhts ij igqapus ls igys ,d utj

/jrh ds ikfjra=k ij Mkyuh pkfg,A 'khrks".k {ks=kksa esa vf/drj isM+ ,sls gSa tks vkneh ds [kkus ;ksX;

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esok] iQy] cht vkSj iQfy;ka oxSjg iSnk djrs gSaA buesa chpuV] psLVuV] okyuV (v[kjksV)] ckat

vkSj jkscsu rFkk ykbe oxSjg ds isM+ 'kkfey gSaA lkbcsfj;k ds fo'kky lnkcgkj ouksa esa ,d isM+ lsEczk

ikbu dh Lih'kht cgqrk;r ls iSnk gksrh gS tks vR;ar iks"kd cht iSnk djrh gSA mÙkjh Vq.Mªk vkSj ue

ihVHkwfe;ksa esa vDlj ,slh yrk,a NkbZ jgrh gSa] tks [kkus ;ksX; jlhys cnj iQy ;k dpjh (cSjh) iSnk

djrh gSaA mÙkjh] nf{k.kh vkSj eè; vesfjdk ds lw[ks Hkkxksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh ouLifr esa çk;% çkslksfil

Lih'kht dk vkf/D; gksrk gSA bu isM+ksa ij iQfy;ka yxrh gSa ftUgsa lq[kkdj] ihldj çksVhu cgqy vkVk

cuk ysrs gSaA ;gka ij vusd çdkj ds dSDVl gksrs gSa tks [kkus ;ksX; iQy Hkh iSnk djrs gSa vkSj muds

iQwys gq, ruksa dk xwnk Hkh [kk;k tk ldrk gSA nf{k.kh vkSj iwohZ vizQhdk esa yk[kksa gSDVj esa iQSyk

fo'kky eksbEcks taxy çfr gSDVj Vuksa taxyh [kk| iQy iSnk djrk gSA çkd`frd o"kkZouksa ls Hkh vusd

çdkj ds iks"kd iQy Hkkjh ek=kk esa feyrs gSaA vizQhdk] nf{k.k vejhdk vkSj ,f'k;k esa iQSys rkM+ o`{kksa

ds fo'kky ou vusd çdkj ds [kk| iQy] LVkpZ] rkM+ dk xwnk (ike gkVZ) vkSj jl iSnk djrs gSaA

nf{k.k vkSj nf{k.kiwoZ ,f'k;k ds lky ouksa esa ,sls cht Hkkjh ek=kk esa iSnk gksrs gSa] tks dPps Hkh [kk,

tk ldrs gSa ;k fiQj [kkus ds rsy esa Hkwudj [kk ldrs gSaA buesa ekbdksjkbtk okys e'k:e Hkh 'kkfey

fd, tk ldrs gSa tks fd isM+ksa dh vklikl iQSyh tM+ksa ij mxrs gSa vkSj ouHkwfe ij iQSyh yrkvksa dh

dpjh oxSjg Hkh 'kkfey dh tk ldrh gSaA

;g dgus dh t:jr ugha gS fd çkd`frd ouksa dk mfpr çca/ fd;k tk, vkSj o`{kksa ds

taxyh lkfFk;ksa ls vf/d ek=kk esa vkgkj iSnk djus okys foHksnksa dk çtuu djds] taxyh isM+ksa ls Hkh

dkiQh T;knk ek=kk esa [kk|&mRiknu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

rkM+dqy (ikeh) ds o`{k

159

rkM+dqy ikS/ksa dk cM+k egRoiw.kZ ifjokj gSA bl dqy esa dksbZ 3500 ds yxHkx lnL; gSa]

ftuesa ls T;knkrj isM+ gSa vkSj jÙku tSls dqN ike yrkvksa dh rjg vkjksgh Hkh gksrs gSaA

ok;qeaMy ds dkcZu dh lafpr djus dh n`f"V ls rkM+dqy ds o`{kksa esa ,d cM+h deh gS fd

Hkkjh Hkjde dkfVy rus dh ctk; rkM+ ds isM+ Njgjs rus ds lkFk yacs dkiQh gks tkrs gSaA Hkkjr ds

,d fganh&dfo us dgk Hkh gS fd

^^cM+k Hk;k rks D;k Hk;k] tSls isM+ [ktwjA

iaFkh dks Nk;k ugha] iQy ykxs vfr nwj AA**

ysfdu bl deh dks dqN gn rd rkM+ dqy ds o`{k vius uhps dkiQh ifÙk;ka&MaBy vkSj

[kksijk oxSjg bdV~Bk djds iwjh dj nsrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, czkthy ds taxyh cklw (vksczhfXu;k

iQkysjkVk & Obrignya phalerata) çfro"kZ futZy lkexzh ds :i esa 25 Vu fcNkyh (litter) iSnk

djrs gSaA bl vR;f/d fcNkyh&mRiknu ds dkj.k rkM+&ouksa esa feV~Vh vf/d mitkÅ cu tkrh gS

vkSj fcNkyh vkSj g~;wel esa dkiQh ek=kk esa dkcZu Hkh tek gks tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr rkM+ ds isM+

xeZ bykdksa dh nynyh tehuksa esa Hkh mxrs gSa vkSj ueHkwfe;ksa ls ikuh dh fudklh esa enn djrs gSaA

blls dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dk mRltZu de gksus esa enn feyrh gSA

ike dh de ls de rhu Lih'kht iwjh nqfu;k esa vkfFkZd egRo dh gSaA ;s gSa dksdks&ike

(dksdkslU;wlhiQsjk)] [ktwj (MsVike&iQhfuDl MsDVkbyhiQsjk) vkSj vkWby ike (bysfll fxuhafll Elaiesis

guineensis)

ukfj;y rkM+&dqy dk lcls egRoiw.kZ lnL; gSA cgqmi;ksxh gksus ds dkj.k bls ^dYir#* Hkh

dgk tkrk gS] tks dsoy LoxZ esa mxrk gSA ukfj;y dh ifÙk;ka NIij Mkyus ds dke vkrh gSA rus ls

dsjy dh e'kgwj NhVh ukosa&dVkekju&cukbZ tkrh gSaA rus ds jl ls rkM+h cukbZ tkrh gS] ftlesa 'kDdj

;k xqM+ feykdj nk: cukbZ tkrh gSA ifÙk;ksa dh f'kjkvksa ls >kM++w cukbZ tkrh gSA ukfj;y o`{k ds iQy

ds Åij dh tVkvksa ls jfLl;ka o xyhpk cukus vkSj xn~nksa esa Hkjus dk dke fy;k tkrk gSA dM+s [kksy

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dks bZa/u ;k fiQj MksbZ cukus esa bLrseky djrs gSaA bl ij lkiQ djds vkSj okfuZ'k djds dykd`fr;ka

Hkh cukbZ tkrh gSaA bls tyk dj dkyk isaV Hkh cukrs gSaA blds vanj dh fxjh rktk [kkbZ tkrh gS vkSj

pVuh cukrs gSaA bls lq[kkdj xksys dk rsy cukrs gSa ;k xksyk f?kldj cjiQh oxSjg cukrs gSaA bldk

bLrseky lkcqu cukus vkSj ekxZjhu cukus esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA

nf{k.k Hkkjr esa rks ukfj;y dks gjk lksuk dgrs gSaA nwljs egk;q¼ esa ftu lSfudksa dks lsykbu

p<+kuk gksrk Fkk] mUgsa ukfj;y dk ikuh p<+k nsrs Fks] tks fd teZjfgr ekuk tkrk gSA ukfj;y dk ikuh

ihus esa Hkh Lokfn"V] r`fIrnk;d vkSj iks"kd gksrk gSA

dgk tkrk gS fd ukfj;y dk mn~Hko nf{k.k vkSj eè; vesfjdk esa gqvk] tgka blds taxyh

fj'rsnkj cgqrk;r esa ik, tkrs gSaA ogka ls ;g m".kdfVca/ ds vkæZ vkSj mi&vkæZ {ks=kksa esa iQSy x;kA

ukfj;y ls iks"kd vkgkj] rktxh nsus okyk is;] [kkus dk rsy vkSj js'kk feyrk gS] ftudk O;kikfjd

mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ukfj;y ds isM+ ls bZa/u Hkh feyrk gS vkSj bekjrh ydM+h HkhA blds iQy

ds dM+s [kksy ds Hkh vla[; mi;ksx gSaA ukfj;y ds rsy ls bl le; nqfu;k esa [kkus ds rsy dh lkr

çfr'kr [kir dh iwfrZ gksrh gSA

ukfj;y ds {ks=k vkSj mRiknu ds lgh vkadM+s ugha feyrs gSaA Mk-vkj-,l- feJ vkSj ch-ds-

iVuk;d us fglkc yxk;k gS fd dqN le; igys ukfj;y ds isM+ yxHkx 90 yk[k gSDVj esa mxk, tk

jgs FksA fo'o esa ukfj;y dk mRiknu 4000 djksM+ ukfj;y çfr o"kZ vkadk x;k FkkA ysfdu feJ vkSj

iVuk;d ds vuqlkj orZeku vkadM+s cgqr vf/d gksus pkfg,] D;ksafd xeZ bykdksa esa [kklrkSj ls

rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa yksxksa us dkiQh ukfj;y mxk, gSa vkSj cgqrksa ds ?kjksa ds lkFk gh

ukfj;y mxrs gSaA

ukfj;y vkSj mldh fxjh ds mRiknu esa Hkh cM+h fHkUurk gSA lcls vf/d ukfj;y çfr isM+

200&250 rd fxus x, gSa vkSj çfr iQy vkSlru 200 xzke xksyk ;k fxjh fudyh gSA xksys ls 70

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çfr'kr rd rsy feyk gSA ,sls isM+ çfr gSDVj Ng Vu rd xksys iSnk dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu T;knkrj

isM+ksa ls çfr o"kZ 20&30 ukfj;y gh feyrs gSaA xksys esa dSyksjh ds :i esa ukih xbZ ÅtkZ pkoy ls

FkksM+h vf/d] vkSj vkyw ls ikap xquk vf/d gksrh gSA ukfj;y dk nw/ Hkh dkiQh ikSf"Vd ekuk x;k

gSA

ukfj;y ds isM+ vke rkSj ij Åijh eafty ds isM+ ds :i esa yxk, tkrs gSa] ftlds uhps NksVs

isM+ vkSj vU; ikS/s mxk, tk ldrs gSaA ukfj;y dkiQh vf/d yo.kh;rk lg ysrs gSa] ftlls rVorhZ

{ks=kksa esa budk fo'ks"k egRo gSA

iqrZxkyh Hkk"kk esa dksdksl dk eryc gS eqag fp<+kukA 'kk;n ukfj;y esa ;g 'kCn blfy, tksM+k

x;k fd bldk iQy canj ds flj tSlk yxrk gS vkSj blds ,d fljs ij rhu Nsn ,sls yxrs gSa tSls

dksbZ eqag fp<+k jgk gksA uwlhiQsjk ds ekuh gSa ftlesa xksys (uV) yxrs gksaA bl rjg ukfj;y dk

okuLifrd uke ou x;k dksdksl U;wlhisQjkA fganh esa bldks ukfj;y dgrs gSa vkSj laLd`r esa ^ukfjdsy*A

ukfjdsy cuk gS ^ukfjd* ls ftldk vFkZ gS ikuh lfgrA

fgUnw /eZ esa tc u;k o"kZ ;kuh uo laoRlj vkrk gS rks lqcg vka[ks [kksyrs gh ukfj;y ns[kuk

'kqHk ekuk tkrk gSA caxky esa yksx ;g fo'okl djrs Fks fd ukfj;y dh vka[ksa gSa] blhfy, ;g dHkh

isM+ ds uhps ls xqtjus okys ij ugha fxjrkA xqtjkr esa ;g dqy nsork ekuk tkrk gSA vka/z çns'k vkSj

dukZVd ds eqlyeku nwYgk&nqfYgu ds flj ij dVh gqbZ fxjh ds VqdM+s vkSj uhcw iQsadrs gSa rkfd mu

ij Hkwr&çsr dh ut+j u yxsA if'pe Hkkjr esa ekulwu [kRe gksus ds le; leqæ esa ukfj;y p<+k, tkrs

gSa] rkfd mldh I;kl cq>sA euq"; ds flj&tSlk gksus ds dkj.k ukfj;y dks nqxkZ vkSj dkyh dh iwtk esa

p<+k;k tkrk gSA vly esa Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh eafnj esa dksbZ Hkh iwtk vkSj dksbZ Hkh mRlo ukfj;y ds

fcuk lEiUu ugha gksrkA

162

vkWbyike% vkWbyike ;kuh rsyrkM+ nqfu;k esa [kkus ds rsy dk lcls egRoiw.kZ isM+ gSA [kkus dk

rsy iSnk djus esa blus ckdh lc isM+&ikS/ksa dks ekr dj fn;k gSA çfr gSDVj ;g isM+ vkSlru rhu ls

pkj Vu rd rsy miyC/ djkrk gSA çfr Vu rsy fudkyus ds ckn nks ;k rhu Vu rd Nhtu iSnk

gksrk gSA Nhtu esa 10 çfr'kr dPpk çksVhu] 20 çfr'kr fpdukbZ vkSj 47 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV feyrk

gSA ;g vkgkj] pkjs ;k bZa/u tSls vusd dkeksa esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu bu mi;ksxksa dh

vksj vHkh fo'ks"k è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA

vkWbyike ds iQyksa ls ^ike vkWby* ;k ^ikeksyhu* rsy fudkyk tkrk gSA blesa [kfutksa dh

ek=kk ux.; gksrh gSA ysfdu rktk iQyksa esa dkiQh [kfut inkFkZ gksrs gSaA dgus dk eryc ;g fd rsy

fudkyus ds ckn iQyksa dk Nhtu vkSj muesa ekStwn iks"kd rRo okil cxhps dh feV~Vh esa ugha feyk,

tkrs vkSj bu isM+ksa dh mPp mRikndrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, dkiQh cM+h ek=kk esa moZjd nsus gksrs gSaA

xeZ bykdksa ds ue {ks=kksa esa vkWbyike ds cM+s&cM+s ckx yxk, x, gSaA if'pe vizQhdk esa

f}rh;d ouksa esa Hkh taxyh rkSj ij Hkh vkWby ike ds ?kus ou gSaA

ukfj;y vkSj vkWbyike nksuksa dk cM+k egRo gS] ysfdu nksuksa ds rsy esa lar`Ir olk (lSpqjsVsM

iQSV) gksrh gSa] tks ân; fodkjksa dks iSnk djus vkSj c<+kus ds fy, ftEesnkj gSaA blfy, budk rsy tu

LokLF; ds fy, leL;k cu tkrk gSA v'kkf/r rsy esa foVkfeu , çpqj gksrk gS vkSj mlls ikSf"Vd

fcLdqV vkfn cuk, x, gSaA iQyksa dks rksM+us ds ckn rktk voLFkk esa gh rsy fudkyuk gksrk gS] ugha rks

iQy [kjkc gks tkrs gSaA

[ktwj% [ktwj vjc ns'kksa ds yksxksa dk ifo=k o`{k gSA bldk dkj.k Li"V gSA gtkjksa lky rd [kwtj

gh ,dek=k [kk|&mRiknd o`{k Fkk] tks jsfxLrku esa iQy&iQwy jgk FkkA ,d [ktwj dk isM+ 200

fdyksxzke rd iQy iSnk dj ldrk gS] ftuesa 'kdZjk dh ek=kk cgqr gksrh gS vkSj lkFk gh dqN olk

163

vkSj çksVhu Hkh gksrh gSA ftu cxhpksa esa [ktwj ds ?kus isM+ mxk, x, gSa] muls çfr gSDVj 10 ls 20

Vu rd iQy fey tkrs gSaA [ktwj rktk Hkh [kk, tk ldrs gSa ;k lq[kk dj dkiQh le; rd HkaMkfjr

fd, tk ldrs gSaA bldk jl efnjk cukus ;k rkM+&xqM+ cukus ds dke Hkh vkrk gSA vkerkSj ij [ktwj

ds isM+ksa dks ukfj;y dh rjg Åij dh eafty ds isM+ dh rjg mxkrs gSaA ;kuh buds uhps nwljh iQlysa

yh tk ldrh gSaA iqjkuh vjc ik.Mqfyfi;ksa esa fy[kk gS fd [ktwj ds dqy feykdj 800 rjg ds

mi;ksx gSaA

NksVs Lrj ij rkM+ dqy ds isM+ksa dh vkSj Hkh vusd Lih'kht mxkbZ xbZ gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa

ikehjk ike (cksjsll ÝyScyhiQj) dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa dqy feykdj

8 djksM+ ds djhc ikehjk ike gSa] ftuesa ls 5 djksM+ dsoy rfeyukMq esa mxrs gSaA nwljs rkM+ksa ds

eqdkcys ikehjk ike esa lw[kh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks lgus dh vf/d {kerk gSA vkerkSj ij ;g ,slh lw[kh

txgksa esa gh mxk;k tkrk gS] tgka ukfj;y ugha mx ldrkA D;ksafd ukfj;y dks okf"kZd o"kkZ vkSlru

1000 feyhehVj pkfg,A tcfd ikehjk ike 600 feyhehVj okf"kZd o"kkZ esa Hkh vPNh rjg

iQyrk&iQwyrk gSA cfYd Hkwty dk Lrj T;knk uhpk u gks] rks 200 feyhehVj dh vkSlr okf"kZd o"kkZ

esa Hkh gjk jgrk gSA

ikehjk rkM+ dks blds 'kdZjk&cgqy jl vkSj iQyksa ds fy, mxk;k tkrk gSA ,d rkM+ ls 80 ls

100 rd iQy feyrs gSa] ftudk otu 0-5 ls 5 fdyksxzke rd gksrk gSA çfr o`{k vkSlru 50&100

fdyksxzke rd iQy iSnk gksrs gSa] D;ksafd ikehjk rkM+ dks ,d&nwljs ds chp 10 ehVj ds vanj gh vanj

ds iQklys ij mxkrs gSaA blds jl esa 12 çfr'kr 'kdZjk gksrh gS vkSj lky Hkj esa gj isM+ ls 300 ls

450 fyVj rd jl fey tkrk gSA bldk jl ^uhjk* dgk tkrk gS ftlls u'kk iSnk djus okyh rkM+h

;k rkM+&xqM+ cuk;k tk ldrk gSA bls fcuk [kehj mBk, ikSf"Vd is; ds :i esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk

ldrk gSA ikehjk rkM+ yxHkx 100 o"kZ rd mRiknd cus jgrs gSa vkSj 30 ehVj rd yacs gks tkrs gSaA

164

Hkkjr dk lkxks ike ;k fiQ'kVsyike (dSfjvksVk ;wVsal) Hkh cgqr mi;ksxh Lih'kht gSA ,d rkM+ ls

,d ekSle esa vkSlru 800 fyVj rkM+h cukbZ tk ldrh gSA blds rus ls lkcwnkus tSlk LVkpZ Hkh

feyrk gS] ftlls czSM ;k nfy;k cuk ldrs gSaA

ikehjk dk gh ,d ?kfu"V laca/h gS cksjsll ike (cksjsll bZfFk;ksfi;e & Borassus

acthiopium) tks fd vizQhdk dk ewy fuoklh gSA cksjsll ike Hkh 'kdZjk&cgqy jl iSnk djrk gSA

bl ij 15 lsaVhehVj vkSlr O;kl okys cM+s&cM+s iQy yxrs gSaA iQyksa dk xwnk [kk;k tk ldrk gSA

[ktwj dk Hkh ,d vizQhdh fj'rsnkj gS taxyh [ktwj (iQhfuDl jsDyhukVk) ;g nynyksa vkSj

ufn;ksa ds ikl ?kus >q.Mksa esa mxrk gS vkSj [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djrk gS] tks fd ns[kus esa [ktwj&tSlk

yxrk gS] ysfdu vkdkj esa mlls dqN NksVk gksrk gSA

lcls cM+k ike ekuk x;k gS fpyh dk okbu ike (twfc;k physfUll)A ;g c<+rk rks gS

/hjs&/hjs] ysfdu 30 ehVj rd yack gks tkrk gS vkSj bldk O;kl nks ehVj dk gks tkrk gS] tks fdlh

Hkh rkM+ o`{k ds fy, ,d cgqr cM+h miyfC/ gSA bldk jl 'kjkc cukus esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

fpyh ds ,d NksVs ls {ks=k esa gh ;g Lih'kht mxrh gS vkSj vc ogka Hkh foyksi ds dxkj ij igqap

xbZ gSA ysfdu vusd ns'kksa esa bls ltkoVh o`{k ds :i esa mxk;k x;k gSA

vestu ds o"kkZouksa esa ogka jgus okys vkfnokfl;ksa us ihp ike (cSfDVªl xkflihl Bactris

gasipaes) dks lSdM+ksa lkyksa ls mxk;k gqvk gSA bldks isthck, ike (pejibaye palm) Hkh dgrs gSaA

chp ike ,slk rkM+ gS tks [kk|&mRiknd o`{k ds :i esa o"kkZouksa esa mxkus dh vlhe laHkkoukvksa ls

ifjiw.kZ gSA blls [kkus dk iks"kd rsy Hkh fey ldrk gS vkSj nwljs çdkj ds [kk| inkFkZ Hkh fey

ldrs gSaA iQy Hkh [kk, tk ldrs gSa vkSj rus dk xwnk HkhA blds ckjs esa Mk- ts-,- lSelu dk dguk

gS%

165

^^m".kdfVca/h; vejhdk esa [kkus ;ksX; iQy okys ike çpqjrk ls feyrs gSaA buesa lcls eq[;

gS ihp ikeA ;g cM+k larqfyr vkgkj çnku djrk gS vkSj blds iQyksa esa dsys ls nqxuk çksVhu gksrk gSA

lky esa nks ckj ,d ihp ike ls 12&12 fdyksxzke ds xqPNs okys 13 xqPNs rksM+s tk ldrs gSaA ;g isM+

75 o"kZ rd thfor jg ldrk gSA**

okafNr xq.kksa okys isM+ NkaVdj o"kkZouksa esa jgus okys bafM;u vkfnokfl;ksa us 200 çdkj ds ihp

ike fodflr dj fy, gSaA cksyhfo;k esa bafM;uksa us ihp ike ds iQyksa esa [kkus dk vf/d rsy ikus ds

fy, ,slh gh fdLesa pquhaA dksyafc;k] is: vkSj cksyhfo;k esa Hkh dqN ,sls ike NkaVdj mxk, x, tks

iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls mÙke iQy iSnk djrs gSa vkSj eq[; vkgkj ds dke esa yk, tk ldrs gSaA budh

dqN fdLeksa esa rks iQyksa esa 15 çfr'kr rd izksVhu gksrk gSA bldks mxkuk vklku gS D;ksafd bldk ikS/k

,d rjg ls [kjirokj dh rjg mxrk gSA

lh-vkj- Dyhes.V vkSj ,p- foykfpdk ds vuqlkj vestu dk ihp ike mxk;k tk, rks mlls

çfr gSDVj çfr o"kZ 30 Vu rd iQy fey ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, bldh rqyuk o"kkZouksa esa pjkdj

ikys x, i'kqvksa ls çfr gSDVj feyus okys 50 fdyksxzke ekal ls dh tk ldrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ihp

ike mxkus ls ekal ds fy, i'kq ikyus dh rqyuk esa mruh gh tehu ls 500 xquk vf/d dSyksjh vkSj

çksVhu fey ldrk gS] tks euq"; ds [kkus ;ksX; gSA ;g rks dsoy vYidkyhu rqyuk gSA nh?kZdkfyd

rqyuk rks vkSj Hkh vuwBs fu"d"kZ nsrh gSA vxj iks"k.k rRoksa dks okil feV~Vh esa feykrs jgsa rks iQyo`{kksa

dks o"kkZouksa dh tehuksa esa LFkk;h :i ls gtkjksa&gtkj lky rd mxk ldrs gSaA fl¼kar :i esa ;g o`{k

[ksrh ges'kk pyrh jgsxhA dqN o"kkZou ;ksa Hkh 'kk;n yk[kksa&djksM+ksa o"kZ ls [kM+s gq, gSaA

bl le; i'kqikyu ds fy, taxyksa esa pjkxkg cukuk vkSj tkuoj pjkuk fVdkÅ fodYi ugha

jg x;kA vkerkSj ij pjkxkg cukus ds fy, ogka dk taxy tyk;k tkrk gSA ,d ;k nks lky esa gh

bl pjkxkg dh mitkÅ 'kfDr [kRe gks tkrh gS vkSj tehu ij reke rjg ds [kjirokj dCtk dj

166

ysrs gSaA buesa ls cgqr ls rks xk;ksa ds fy, tgjhys gksrs gSaA bu [kjirokjksa ls yM+us dk ,d gh rjhdk

gS fd bUgsa Hkh tyk fn;k tk,A ysfdu ckj&ckj tykus ls uhps dh feV~Vh vkSj Hkh vuqoZj gksrh tkrh

gSA rhu ls ikap lky ds ckn bl tehu dks fiQj dbZ n'kdksa rd ds fy, [kkyh NksM+uk gksrk gSA

bldh vf/drj moZjrk LFkk;h rkSj ij u"V gks tkrh gSA T;knkrj isM+ dkV fn, tkrs gSa] blfy, feV~Vh

ds iks"kd rRo fjl&fjldj vkSj Hkh xgjs pys tkrs gSaA blfy, mUgsa mu isM+ksa }kjk Hkh [khapuk eqf'dy

gks tkrk gS] tks tehu dks [kkyh NksM+us ds ckn ml ij mxk, x,A

rkM+ dqy ds ftu o`{kksa dks cxhpksa esa mxk;k tkus yxk gS ;kuh mudk ?kjsywdj.k dj fy;k

x;k gS] muds vykok mu rkM+ksa dk Hkh yksxksa ds fy, cM+k egRo gS tks taxyksa esa çkd`frd :i ls

mx jgs gSaA ;ks rks xeZ bykdksa ds taxy viuh mPp fofo/rk ds fy, fo[;kr gSa] ysfdu ,sls iqjkus

o"kkZou Hkh gSa ftuesa rkM+dqy ds o`{k Nk, gq, gSaA dbZ ckj budh ,d gh Lih'kht ç/ku cu tkrh gS

vkSj fiQj mlesa mruh tSo fofo/rk ugha cprhA

bldh lcls cM+h felky gS czkthy esa ekjkUgks jkT; ds ccklw ouA ccklw vizQhdh vkWbyike

dk nf{k.k vesfjdh fodYi gSA ?kus ccklw rkM+ yk[kksa gSDVj esa [kM+s gSa vkSj muesa ,sls nks vjc ds

djhc rkM+ rks gksaxs ghA LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa ds fy, bu ccklw ouksa dk cM+k egRo gSA budh ifÙk;ksa ls

os Vksdfj;ka] ia[ks] lwi] lqryh vkSj NIij cukrs gSaA bldk iQy ns[kus esa] Lokn esa vkSj lqxa/ esa

fcYdqy ukfj;y tSlk gksrk gS] ysfdu blesa ukfj;y ls 70 çfr'kr vf/d [kkus dk rsy gksrk gSA rsy

fudkyus ds ckn cph [kyh çksVhu ls Hkjh gksrh gSA bldh tVk,a tykÅ bZa/u dk Hkh dke djrh gSa

vkSj buls pkjdksy Hkh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA iQy cM+s l[+r gksrs gSa vkSj muls fxjh fudkyus ds dke

ls gh djhc 500]000 xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dks jkstxkj feyrk gSA

tehu ds Åij ccklw rkM+ vkSlru 150 Vu futZy ck;ksekl çfr gSDVj tek dj nsrs gSa]

ftldk eryc gqvk 75 Vu dkcZuA ;g dksbZ cM+k vkadM+k ugha gS] D;ksafd ccklw rkM+ cgqr yacs ugha

167

gksrs vkSj muds ruksa dk ?ksjk Hkh cM+k ugha gksrkA ysfdu uhps dh fcNkyh esa tek fd;k x;k dkcZu

'kk;n dkiQh T;knk gksrk gS] D;ksafd ccklw rkM+ Nhtu dkiQh iSnk djrs gSaA ccklw rkM+ksa dk dksbZ vk/k

ck;ksekl rks ifÙk;ksa vkSj MaByksa ds :i esa gksrk gS&69 Vu çfr gSDVjA bruk ck;ksekl dksbZ vkSj isM+

bl :i esa iSnk ugha djrkA futZy lkexzh ds :i esa vkadsa rks taxyh ccklw rkM+ksa ls çfr gSDVj o"kZ

Hkj esa rhu Vu rd iQy fey tkrs gSaA

uhik ike (ukbik izQwVhdsUl) 'kk;n lcls iqjkuk vko`rchth (,aftvksLieZ) iq"ih ikS/k gSA blds

thok'e (iQkWfly) xeZ bykdksa esa gj txg feys gSa vkSj ;g 130 yk[k ls 630 yk[k o"kZ iqjkuk isM+

gSA vc rks ;g vizQhdk vkSj nf{k.k vejhdk ls foyqIr gks pqdk gS vkSj vc dsoy nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k

vkSj vkslfu;k ds [kkjs ikuh ds eSaxzkso ouksa okys nynyksa esa gh mxrk gSA gky ds n'kdksa esa uhik&ike

dh ouLFkyh /ku dh [ksrh] >haxk vkSj eNyh ikyu ds fy, cgqr mtkM+h xbZ gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy, eysf'k;k çk;}hi esa dHkh 11]300 gSDVj esa uhik&ou FksA 1969 vkSj 1977

ds chp gh os ?kVdj 2300 gSDVj esa gh jg x,A buds lcls cM+s ou vc b.Mksusfl;k vkSj ikiqvk U;w

fxuh esa gh ik, tkrs gSa] tgka ;s Øe'k% 700]000 vkSj 500]000 gSDVj esa mxrs gSaA fo'kq¼ :i ls

taxyh uhik ike rks brus ?kus mxrs gSa fd çfr gSDVj 10]000 rd isM+ fxus tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu

vkSlru 2000 ls 4000 ikS/s gh çfr gSDVj feyrs gSaA

uhik ike dksbZ cgqr cM+k rkM+ ugha gSA ;g 10 ehVj ls vf/d yackbZ rd ugha c<+rkA

ijaijkxr :i ls uhik ike dh ifÙk;ka NIij cukus ds fy,] ;k fiQj Vksdfj;ka] >kMw vkSj /wi rFkk

cjlkr ls cpkus ds pkSM+s&pkSM+s Vksi (gSV) cukus ds fy, bLrseky dh tkrh gSA ysfdu uhik ike ls

cgqr vPNk xqM+ vkSj phuh Hkh cukbZ tk ldrh gSA ,d gSDVj uhik ike ls o"kZ Hkj esa 120]000 ls

170]000 fyVj rd jl fudyrk gSA bl jl esa 12 ls 16 çfr'kr rd lqØkst gksrk gSA blls 15&20

Vu phuh çfr gSDVj çfr o"kZ cukbZ tk ldrh gSA ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, mi;qDr ÅtkZ ds :i esa blls

168

feyus okyh dSyksjh çfr gSDVj 75&100 Vu vkyw ds cjkcj ekuh tk ldrh gSA xUus dks çfr gSDVj

dSyksjh&mRiknu dh n`f"V ls lcls l{ke mRiknd ekuk tkrk gS] tks fd çfr gSDVj vkSlru dsoy 9

Vu phuh gh ns ikrk gSA blds fy, Hkh xUus dh iQly esa cM+h Hkkjh ek=kk esa moZjd vkSj dhVuk'kh

jlk;u bLrseky djus gksrs gSaA

uhik ike dk jl flji] ,flfVd ,flM] fljdk ;k ikWoj vydksgy cukus ds fy, Hkh

bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn lqØkst ls vydksgy cuk;k tk, rks çfr gSDVj 11000 fyVj rd

fo'kq¼ vydksgy cuk;k tk ldrk gSA uhik ike mxkuk vklku gSA bUgsa cht cksdj gh mxk ldrs gSa

vkSj vkxs fdlh [kkl ns[kHkky dh t:jr ugha iM+rhA

lkxks ike (eSVªkstkbyksu lkxw) nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar lkxjh; {ks=k ds ehBs ikuh ds

nynyksa esa mxrk gSA bl rkM+ ds ruksa esa [kkus ;ksX; LVkpZ Hkjk gksrk gS tks fd b.Mksusfl;k vkSj

iiqvk&U;wfxuh ds vkfnokfl;ksa dk eq[; vkgkj gSA fdlh Hkh vU; iQly esa [kius okys Je dh n`f"V

ls ij[ksa rks lkxks ike lcls vf/d [kk| iSnk djrk gSA ccklw vkSj uhik dh rjg lkxks ike dh

o`{kkoyh Hkh vius vki mxrh&iQSyrh jgrh gSA os mu nynyksa esa vius vki mx vkrs gSa] tgka muls

gksM+ djus okyk dksbZ vkSj [kjirokj iQVd Hkh ugha ldrkA budh iQly (LVkpZ) rkM+ ds rus ds

vanj lqjf{kr jgrh gS] blfy, dksbZ dhVuk'kh oxSjg fNM+dus dh Hkh t:jr ugha gSA

lkxks ike ls iSnkokj cM+h Hkjkslsean feyrh gS vkSj mlesa dksbZ [kkl okf"kZd ?kVc<+ ugha gksrhA

çfr gSDVj vkSlru 15000 fdyksxzke rd LVkpZ iSnk gks tkrk gSA iQwy vkus ls igys lkxksike 10&15

o"kksZa rd mxrk gS vkSj blds ckn ml ij iQwy vkrs gSa vkSj fiQj ej tkrk gSA iQwy vkus ls Bhd

igys gh mlds rus dks iQkM+dj mlesa ls LVkpZ fudky fy;k tkrk gSA lkxks LVkpZ dk dSyksjheku vkyw

(1500kj/100 xzke) ls pkj xquk vf/d gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd dSyksjh dh n`f"V ls çfr

gSDVj lkxks LVkpZ dh okf"kZd mit 60 Vu vkyw ds cjkcj gSA

169

bldks eq[; vkgkj ds :i esa viukus ij cl ,d gh leL;k gS] og gS LVkpZ esa çksVhu dh

deh dh] tks fd vkerkSj ij rkM+ dh Nky ij [kkus ;ksX; dsdM+ksa dks ikyus ls ekalkgkfj;ksa ds fy,

rks nwj dh tk ldrh gSA lkxks ike dkiQh dqN [kkjkiu Hkh lg ysrk gSA

eysf'k;k esa taxyh :i ls gh 20 yk[k gSDVj esa lkxks ike mx jgs gSa vkSj buds vykok

200]000 gSDVj esa LVkpZ&mRiknu ds fy, lkxks ike jksis Hkh x, gSaA

;g fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd nqfu;k ds LVkpZ&mRiknu dk yxHkx 1-5 çfr'kr lkxks ike ls

gh çkIr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ek=kk dkiQh de çrhr gksrh gS] ysfdu ;g tkurs gq, fd lkxks ike cgqr

FkksM+s&ls {ks=kiQy esa gh mxk, tk jgs gSa] blls vf/d mRiknu dh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrhA

nf{k.k vejhdk esa Hkh dkiQh dqN lkxks ike ls feyrk&tqyrk ,d rkM+ ik;k tkrk gS] ftldk

uke gS eksfjps ike (ekfjfV;k ÝysDlqykslk)A eksfjps nf{k.k vejhdh ds mÙkj esa ehBs ikuh ds nynyksa esa

Nk;k gqvk gSA lkxks dh rjg eksfjps ike ds ruksa esa Hkh LVkpZ Hkjk jgrk gSA ijarq eksfjps ike lkxks

ikeksa ls vf/d yack gks tkrk gS vkSj dkiQh cM+k vkSj lqanj o`{k gksrk gSA

ue Hkwfe;ksa esa ls ikuh dh fudklh dh ctk; vxj os [kkjh ikuh okyh gSa rks muesa uhik ike

mxkdj vkSj ;fn ehBs ikuh okyh gSa] rks muesa lkxks vkSj eksfjps mxkdj /jrh ds xjekus dk vlj de

djus ds ç;klksa dk lkFk fuHkk;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, baMksusfl;k dh ueHkwfe;ksa esa ,d

gSDVj {ks=k esa vklikl ds o"kkZouksa ls dksbZ 100 xquk vf/d dkcZu tek gksrk gSA tc dksbZ ue Hkwfe

{ks=k lkiQ djds ogka d`f"k Hkwfe cuk nh tkrh gS rks ogka ij nyny esa tek ^ihV* HkaMkj fo?kfVr gksrk

gS vkSj ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dh fo'kky ek=kk,a NksM+rk gSA baMksusfl;k esa fd, x,

vè;;uksa ls irk pyrk gS fd d`f"k ds fy, bu ue ihV Hkwfe;ksa dk ikuh fudky dj bUgsa lq[kk nsus

ls gj lky gok esa 30 Vu dkcZu tk feyrk gSA

170

xeZ ns'kksa esa dqy feykdj 15 djksM+ gSDVj ds yxHkx ue ihVHkwfe;ka gSaA vxj buesa ls

vf/drj dk ikuh fudkydj d`f"k ;ksX; cuk;k x;k rks os xzhu gkml xSlksa ds mRltZuksa esa dkiQh

c<+ksrjh dj ldrs gSaA

vf/drj ekeyksa esa ihV Hkwfe;ksa dk ikuh fudkyus ls vkSj Hkh leL;k,a iui ldrh gSaA

ihVySaM vkSj nwljh rjg dh ue Hkwfe;ksa ds dkj.k Hkwty ds lzksrksa ds iquHkZjko esa cgqr enn feyrh gSA

vxj budk ikuh fudky fn;k x;k rks tyLrj uhps tk ldrk gSA dqN bykdksa esa ihVHkwfe;ksa ds dkj.k

unh dk cgko ean iM+ tkrk gS vkSj os ikuh dks cgqr /hjs&/hjs ufn;ksa esa NksM+rh gSaA blls muds vanj

xfeZ;ksa dh t:jr iwjh djus ds fy, dkiQh ikuh Hkj tkrk gSA fcuk buds lw[ks ekSle esa ufn;ksa esa

ikuh dk cgko dkiQh ?kV ldrk gSA bl le; ekStwn rkM+&ouksa dk mi;ksx djus ;k xeZ bykdksa dh

ihVHkwfe;ksa esa muds ou jksius ls dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM dk dksbZ vfrfjDr mRltZu ugha gksrkA blds

vykok rkM+&ouksa dks ihVHkwfe;ksa esa iuikus ls ;k igys ls ekStwn ouksa ls dkiQh bZa/u fey ldrk gS]

tks thok'eh bZa/uksa dh txg ys ldrk gSA ;s bZa/u gSa ikWoj vydksgy vkSj pkjdksy tks fd iQyksa ds

[kksy] rkM+ dh ifÙk;ksa ds MaBy vkSj rus tykdj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

blds vU; ukeksa esa vla[; oU; if{k;ksa vkSj Lru/kjh çtkfr;ksa dk laj{k.k Hkh 'kkfey gSA ?kus

rkM+&ouksa esa tarqvksa vkSj if{k;ksa ds fy, Nqius dh vPNh txg fey tkrh gSA ihVHkwfe dk ikuh lq[kkus

dk tks udkjkRed çHkko Hkwty ds Lrj esa fxjkoV vkSj ufn;ksa ds ikuh dh deh ds :i esa lkeus

vkrk] mlls rks cpko gksxk gh] rVorhZ nynyksa ds laj{k.k ls muesa xkn vkSj feV~Vh tek gksrh jgsxh

tks leqæ dh dVko&'kfDr dh dkV djsxhA eNfy;ksa dh egRoiw.kZ çtkfr;ka bUgha nynyksa esa vkdj

vaMs nsus vkSj lsus dk dke djsaxhA bu rVorhZ nynyksa ds u gksus ls vusd rVksa ds dVko dh feV~Vh

;gka tek u gksdj ewaxk&'kSyksa ij tek gksdj muds fy, [krjk iSnk djrhA

171

ysfdu brus reke iQk;nksa ds ckotwn taxyh rkM+&o`{kksa vkSj rkM+&ouksa ij cgqr de vuqla/ku

fd;k x;k gSA d`f"kokfudh ds 'kks/drkZ ,aVksuh ch-,aMlZu ds vuqlkj %

^^çkd`frd rkM+&ouksa ds orZeku rFkk laHkkfor egRo dks ns[krs gq, vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd

muds ckjs esa gekjk Kku cgqr lhfer gSA buds ckjs esa cgqr de tkudkjh çdkf'kr dh xbZ gSA {ks=kh;

Lrj Hkh ;gh vKku ik;k tkrk gSA LFkkuh; :i ls cgqrk;r ls ik, tkus okys rkM+ o`{kksa ij vc

ifjfLFkfr foKku ij cy gksus ds dkj.k dkiQh 'kks/ çca/ vk jgs gSa] ysfdu buds ouksa ds çca/u ds

ckjs esa çdk'kuksa dk yxHkx furkar vHkko gSA vkfFkZd vkSj ifjfLFkfrd n`f"V ls brus egRoiw.kZ lalk/uksa

dh vkf[kj bruh mis{kk D;ksa\ esjk er gS fd blds eq[; dkj.kksa esa ls ,d ;g gS fd LFkkuh;

rkM+&ouksa ij vuqla/ku djuk vuqla/ku dh eq[; /kjk esa 'kkfey gh ugha fd;k x;kA vf/drj

okfudhfon ydM+h iSnk djus ij è;ku nsrs gSa vkSj 'kL;fonksa dks ;g çfr{k.k feyk gS fd os [ksrh dh

iQlyksa ij è;ku nsa -------A bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd LFkkuh; rkM+&ouksa ds vè;;u dk ftEek

vkfFkZd ouLifrKksa ds flj vk iM+k] ftuds çdk'kuksa ij vU; {ks=kksa ds oSKkfudksa us è;ku gh ugha

fn;kA**

le; vk x;k gS tc LoSfPNd laxBu] Ldwy] ou foHkkx] foLrkjdehZ vkSj çfrc¼ oSKkfud

rkM+&o`{kksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsaA

ukfj;y dks dSls feyh mldh vkd`fr ¼dsjy dh yksddFkk½

dsjy ds eNqvkjksa ds ,d ifjokj esa ,d ,slk ckyd iSnk gqvk tks ukStoku gks x;k exj

eNyh idM+uk ugha lh[k ik;kA mlus lkjs rjhds vktek fy,A ckal Mkyrk] tky Mkyrk ij ,d Hkh

eNyh ugha iQalrhA mldh xjhch c<+rh xbZA ;gka rd fd nks twu dk Hkkstu tqVkuk Hkh eqf'dy gks

x;kA xkao okys mldh gkyr ij rjl [kkus dh ctk; mldh galh mM+krsA rc mlus lkspk fd D;ksa u

172

dqN tknw lh[kk tk,A og tknw fl[kkus okys ,d mLrkn ds ikl x;kA mLrkn us mldks viuh nsg ls

flj vyx djuk fl[kk fn;kA

'kke dks tc rV ij HkhM+HkkM+ [kRe gks xbZ vkSj lHkh eNqvkjs ?kj ykSV x,] rks og ukStoku

ogka vk tkrkA fiQj ,d dksus esa tkdj viuk flj vyx djds ikuh esa Nykax ekjrkA eNfy;ksa us

,slk fcuk flj dk çk.kh ns[kk gh ugha FkkA os vkrha vkSj mlds pkjksa vksj >qaM cukdj bdV~Bh gks

tkrhaA cgqr&lh NksVh eNfy;ka [kqyh xnZu esa ls nsg ds vanj ?kql tkrhaA fiQj og rSj dj rV ij vk

tkrkA vius vanj Hkjh reke eNfy;ka fudkyrkA /M+ ij flj yxkrk vkSj xkao esa igaqp tkrkA fiQj

lcdks eNfy;ka fn[kkrk fd fdruh <sj lkjh idM+h gSaA

mlus viuk Hksn fdlh dks ugha crk;kA xkao okyksa us lkspk fd u rks ;g ckal ;k tky ysdj

x;k] u dHkh leqæ esa ;k rV ij utj vk;k] fiQj eNyh dgka ls idM+ ykrk gSA mUgsa 'kd gks x;kA

,d fnu ,d NksVk yM+dk mlds ihNs yx fy;kA rV ij igqap dj yM+ds us ns[kk fd ukStoku us

viuk flj mrkj dj ,d vksj j[k fn;kA fiQj ikuh esa Nykax ekjhA NksVs yM+ds us iQkSju mldk flj

mBk;k vkSj xkao dh vksj nkSM+ iM+kA dqN nwj tkus ij mls flj cM+k Hkkjh yxk vkSj mlus >kfM+;ksa esa

iQsad fn;kA

tc ukStoku ges'kk dh rjg leqæ ls ckgj vk;k rks gSjku jg x;k fd mldk flj ogka ugha

FkkA gj rjiQ <wa<+k] ij dgha ugha feykA m/j tknw dk vlj Hkh de gksrk tk jgk FkkA og okil

leqæ esa dwn x;k vkSj [kqn Hkh eNyh cu x;kA

og NksVk yM+dk lHkh xkao okyksa dks flj gVkus vkSj yxkus dk peRdkj fn[kkus leqærV ij ys

vk;kA ysfdu tc og flj mBkus >kfM+;ksa dh rjiQ x;k rks ogka mlh txg ij ukfj;y dk yack isM+

mxk gqvk Fkk vkSj ml ij ukfj;y yVds gq, FksA gj ukfj;y dh 'kDy vkneh tSlh Fkh & tVkvksa esa

ls pedrh vka[ksaA vkSj bl rjg ukfj;y ds o`{k dk tUe gqvkA

173

/jrh ij dSls mrjk ukfj;y

lw;Zoa'k esa ,d lezkV gq,] uke Fkk f=k'kadqA os cM+s /ekZRek Fks vkSj bZ'oj esa mudh cM+h vkLFkk

FkhA f=k'kadq dh cl ,d ykylk FkhA og e`R;q gksus rd çrh{kk ugha djuk pkgrk Fkk] tc mldh

vkRek ejus ds ckn LoxZ tk,xhA og rks thrs th lnsg LoxZ tkuk pkgrk FkkA

mUgha fnuksa iwjs jkT; esa Hk;adj vdky iM+kA ogha ou esa ½f"k fo'okfe=k lifjokj jgrs FksA os

fdlh vkSj jkT; esa x, Fks vkSj ihNs vdky ds dkj.k mudk ifjokj Hkq[kejh ds dxkj ij igqap x;kA

jktk f=k'kadq dks irk pyk rks og muds ikl x;k vkSj mUgsa Hkkstu djk;k vkSj cgqr&lk vUu ogka

NksM+ Hkh vk;kA

fo'okfe=k okil ykSVs rks mUgsa jktk f=k'kadq dh mnkjrk dk irk pykA mUgksaus jktk f=k'kadq dh

bPNk iwjh djuh pkghA blds fy, ;K fd;k x;k vkSj nsorkvksa dh iwtk dh xbZA tSls&tSls ;K vkSj

çkFkZuk dk cy c<+k] f=k'kadq vius vklu ls Åij vkleku esa tk igqapkA cknyksa dks ikj djds jktk

f=k'kadq LoxZyksd ds }kj rd tk igqapkA vanj nsorkvksa dk fuokl FkkA

tSls gh nsorkvksa us eR;Zyksd ds ,d çk.kh dks viuh nsg lfgr LoxZ ds }kj ij ns[kk] os

nkSM+s&nkSM+s vius jktk bUæ ds ikl igqapsA bUæ mBk vkSj cM+s xqLls ls f=k'kadq ds ikl vkdj mls tksj

dk /Ddk fn;kA

f=k'kadq /jrh dh vksj okil uhps fxjus yxk] rks mlus ½f"k fo'okfe=k dks iqdkjkA fo'okfe=k

th mldh iqdkj lqudj nkSM+s vkSj Åij ns[kk rks jktk uhps dh vksj fxjrk vk jgk FkkA os vkis ls

ckgj gks x,A tksj ls fpYyk, ^^f=k'kadq rqe tgka gks] ogha #d tkvks**A

f=k'kadq v/j esa yVds jg x,A u Åij] u uhpsA ysfdu fo'okfe=k dks irk Fkk fd ea=k dk

çHkko {kh.k gksrs gh f=k'kadq uhps vk fxjsaxsA vr% mUgksaus ,d yach cYyh fudkyh vkSj mlls f=k'kadq

dks lgkjk fn;kA

174

dqN le; ckn og cYyh gh ukfj;y ds o`{k eas cny xbZ vkSj f=k'kadq dk flj ukfj;y dk

iQy cu x;kA

v[kjksV dqy (tqxyS.Mslh)

v[kjksV dqy esa o`{kksa ds nks egRoiw.kZ oa'k gSa % v[kjksV (tqxykUl Lih'kht) vkSj fgdksal ;k

ihdu (dsfj;k Lih)A v[kjksV dh de ls de 18 Lih'kht vkSj ihdu dh 20 dh djhc Lih'kht

viuh esok ds fy, mxkbZ tkrh gSa] tks [kkus esa cM+h Lokfn"V yxrh gSA

v[kjksV ,d rjg ls iwjh nqfu;k esa ik;k tkrk gSA bldh pkj çtkfr;ksa dk tUe LFkku nf{k.k

vejhdk gS (vtsZafVuk] cksyhfo;k] bZDokMksj vkSj dksyafc;k ds v[kjksV)A nks çtkfr;ka (D;wck vkSj

XokVsekyk ds v[kjksV) eè; vejhdk ls nqfu;k esa iQSyhaA pkj ,f'k;k esa tUeh (dkFks] eapwfj;k] tkiku

vkSj iflZ;k ds v[kjksV)A nl çtkfr;ksa dk tUeLFkku mÙkjh vejhdk gSA

nwljh vksj fgdksjh ;k ihdu uV ds mRifÙk nks {ks=kksa esa gh gqbZ] mÙkjh vejhdk vkSj

phu&fo;rukeA

v[kjksV ds ySfVu uke tqxykUl dk eryc gS tqihVj dk iQyA tqihVj jkseokfl;ksa dk lcls

cM+k nsork Fkk vkSj os v[kjksV ls mldk uke D;ksa tksM+uk pkgrs Fks] ;g le>uk eqf'dy ugha gSA

v[kjksV ds isM+ cgqr cM+s gksdj laqnj vkd`fr okys gks tkrs gSaA tqxykUl jhft;k ds o`{k Hkkjr ds tEew

vkSj d'ehj jkT; esa 45 ehVj dh yackbZ rd c<+ tkrs gSaA buesa ls dqN iqjkus isM+ksa ds rus dk ?ksjk 11

ehVj rd ukik x;k gSA mÙkjh vejhdk ds vius tUe LFkku esa dkys v[kjksV (tqxykUl ukbxzk) ds isM+

50 ehVj ls Hkh yacs gks tkrs gSaA

iflZ;u okyuV (tqxykUl jhft;k) dh pquhank fdLesa çfr gSDVj o"kZ Hkj esa 25 ls 40 Vu rd

v[kjksV iSnk dj nsrh gSaA eè; ;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vejhdk esa l?ku ckxckuh ls ,slh gh mit feyh gSA

175

ikfdLrku esa v[kjksV dh [ksrh dh dyk dk dkiQh fodkl fd;k x;k gSA lu~ 1973 esa

ikfdLrku esa 800 gSDVj esa v[kjksV dh [ksrh dh tk jgh Fkh vkSj mRiknu Fkk yxHkx 15 Vu çfr

gSDVjA ysfdu çfr gSDVj okf"kZd mRiknu iqjkus cxhpksa esa dkiQh T;knk FkkA bldk dkj.k ;g irk pyk

fd vf/drj cxhpksa esa u, ikS/s T;knk Fks tks ifjiDo ugha gq, Fks vkSj ftuesa iQy vkus 'kq: gh ugha

gq, FksA

tqxykUl jhft;k çtkfr ds v[kjksVksa esa [kkus ;ksX; fxjh dk Hkkj iwjs iQy ds otu dk 50&60

çfr'kr gksrk gSA nwljh çtkfr;ksa esa iQy ds [kk| rFkk v[kk| Hkkx dk vuqikr bruk vuqdwy ugha

gksrkA buesa fNydk eksVk gksrk gSA v[kjksV dh fxjh dk dSyksjh eku cgqr Åapk gS(2800kJ/100

xzke)A fxjh ds futZy Hkkj esa 16 çfr'kr çksVhu] 16 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV rFkk 64 çfr'kr olk gksrh

gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd vc rd dh vf/dre ntZ v[kjksV dh 40 Vu çfr gSDVj iQly

dSyksjh dh n`f"V ls 48 Vu pkoy vkSj 210 Vu vkyw ds cjkcj gSA çksVhu rks v[kjksV esa bu nksuksa ls

vf/d gSA

;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd lu~ 1991 esa Hkkjr esa v[kjksV dh iSnkokj ,d ehfVªd Vu çfr

gSDVj ls Hkh de FkhA bldk ,d dkj.k rks ;g Fkk vf/drj cxhpksa esa u, isM+ yxs Fks ftuesa v[kjksV

yxuk 'kq: gh gqvk Fkk vkSj iQyr de FkhA nwljk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd vusd fdlkuksa us 'kk;n çfr

gSDVj dqN ntZu ikS/s gh jksis Fks vkSj v[kjksV ds isM+ksa ds chp os nwljh iQlysa mxk jgs FksA rhljk

dkj.k 'kk;n lcls cM+k Fkk&ikfdLrku lefFkZr vkradokn ftlds dkj.k v[kjksV ds vf/drj cxhpksa

ds ekfyd fganw iafMr ?kkVh NksM+dj cxhpksa dks ;ksa gh NksM+dj pys x, Fks vkSj cxhpksa dh Bhd ls

ns[kHkky ugha gqbZA ftu eqlyekuksa us bu cxhpksa ij dCtk fd;k os v[kjksV dh ckxckuh ds ckjs esa

brus ifjfpr ugha Fks vkSj muds ikl lalk/uksa dk Hkh vHkko FkkA lkFk gh vkradokn ds dkj.k

oSKkfud vuqla/ku Hkh iwjh rjg Bi FkkA cgqr ls v[kjksV ds cxhps ,slh tehuksa esa yxk fn, x,

176

ftudh feV~Vh mitkÅ ugha Fkh vkSj cgqr fnuksa rd o`{kfoghu [kkyh iM+s jgus ds dkj.k iks"kd rRo

feV~Vh dh xgjh ijrksa esa fjl x, FksA v[kjksV ds cgqr ls isM+ vPNh fdLe ds u gksus ds dkj.k

vf/d mRiknu dh vkuqoaf'kd {kerk ls Hkh oafpr gSaA

;g Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd Åij crkbZ xbZ v[kjksV dh vf/dre mit rHkh fey ikrh gS] tc

tSo moZjd vkSj xkscj dh [kkn rFkk dEiksLV dk vf/d bLrseky fd;k x;k gks] rkfd feV~Vh esa

tSoka'k c<+sA

v[kjksV ds isM+ vf/d ek=kk esa iks"kd vkgkj iSnk dj ldrs gSa vkSj cgqr cM+s gks tkrs gSa

blfy, igkM+h bykdksa vkSj mÙkjh {ks=kksa esa os dkcZu&lap; ds Hkh vPNs lzksr gSaA os xeZ bykdksa ds

vf/d rkieku dks ugha lg ldrs] ysfdu Hkkjr] ikfdLrku vkSj usiky esa 1200 ehVj ls vf/d dh

ÅapkbZ ij budh o`{k [ksrh dh tk ldrh gSA tqxyakl jhft;k ds fgeky;] frCcr] fdftZLrku vkSj

dtkdLrku esa mx jgs isM+ 'kwU; ls 45 fMxzh uhps dh BaM esa Hkh gjs jgrs gSaA blfy, mÙkjh vkSj

ioZrh; {ks=kksa esa v[kjksV dh o`{k [ksrh dh vlhe laHkkouk,a gSaA fo'o ds igkM+h vkSj mÙkjh bykdksa esa

esos okys o`{kksa dk ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ oa'k (thul) gS fgdksjh uV ;k ihdu uV dkA O;kikfjd ihdu

uV dSfj;k byhuks,afll ls çkIr gksrs gSaA ;g Lih'kht eSfDldks vkSj nf{k.kh ;w-,l-,- esa tueh FkhA ts-

'kksYVks Mxyl ds vuqlkj ;w-,l-,- essa bldh çfr gSDVj mit dk lcls cM+k fjdkMZ 25 Vu çfr

gSDVj dk gSA ;g fjdkMZ pquhank fdLeksa dh l?ku ckxckuh djus ls feykA Hkkjr esa ihdu uV dh o`{k

[ksrh T;knk iqjkuh ugha gSA ;gka vxj çfr gSDVj 2500 fdyksxzke Hkh ihdu fey tk, rks cgqr vPNk

ekuk tkrk gSA ysfdu ;gka lq/kj dh dkiQh xqatkb'k gSA Hkkjr esa loksZÙke o`{k 150 fdyksxzke çfr o`{k

Hkh iSnk dj jgs gSa vkSj budh l?kurk 100 o`{k çfr gSDVj j[kh xbZ gSA

fgdksjh uV ;k ihdu uV esa czkthy uV ls Hkh vf/d fpdukbZ gksrh gSA lw[ks esos esa 9-4

çfr'kr çksVhu] 15 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV vkSj 71 çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh gSA

177

fia?ky dqy (dksfjyslh)

esos okys o`{kksa esa gsty uV ;k fia?ky (dksfjyl Lih-) Hkh egRoiw.kZ oa'k ekuk tkrk gSA budh

10 ls vf/d çtkfr;ka gSa tks [kkus ;ksX; esok iSnk djrh gSaA

dqN NksVs isM+ okyh gSa&>kfM+;ksa tSlhA nwljh çtkfr;ksa ds isM+ 35 ehVj dh yackbZ rd Hkh c<+

ldrs gSa] tSls fd rqdhZ dh dksfjyl dksyukZ ;k phu dh dksfjyl pkbusafll çtkfrA

Mk- tkWu 'kksYVks Mxyl ds vuqlkj O;kikfjd mi;ksx ds fy, mxkbZ tk jgh dksfjyl eSfDluk

çtkfr dh mUur fdLeksa ls ;wjksi esa l?ku ckxckuh ls 30 Vu esok çfr gSDVj rd mit feyh gSA

Hkkjr esa vf/d ls vf/d ,d ls rhu Vu rd çfr gSDVj fia?ky ntZ fd;k x;k gSA bl esos dk

iks"kdeku cgqr Åapk gSA buesa 18 çfr'kr çksVhu] 7&8 çfr'kr LVkpZ vkSj 60&65 çfr'kr fpdukbZ

gksrh gSA

ikaMoksa ds 'kL=k dSls cps ¼ egkHkkjr ls½

nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa 'keh o`{k (çkslksfil fLilhtsjk) dk cgqr lkaLd`frd egRo gSA xzhd Hkk"kk esa

çkslksfil dk eryc gS /aq/ykA fLilhtsjk lksygoha lnh ds ,d fpfdRld ,fMª;u okWu Mj Lihxy ds

uke ij j[kk x;kA laLd`r esa ^'keh* dk vFkZ gS iQyhA

osnksa esa crk;k x;k gS fd 'keh o`{k dh ydM+h esa vfXu iSnk djus dk xq.k gSA ½Xosn esa

iq##ok dh dFkk vkrh gSA og pUæoa'kh jktkvksa dk iwoZt Fkk] ftuesa dql vkSj ik.Mq rFkk dkSjo vkSj

ik.Mo 'kkfey gSaA iq##ok us 'keh o`{k vkSj v'oRFk (iQkbdl fjyhftvkslk) dh nks Vgfu;ksa dks vkil

esa jxM+dj igyh ckj vkx iSnk dhA

'keh o`{k dks cM+k ifo=k ekuk tkrk gS] D;ksafd jko.k ds paxqy ls lhrk dks NqM+kus ds fy,

Hkxoku jke us tc yadk ij vkØe.k fd;k rks mlls igys 'keh o`{k dh Hkh iwtk dh FkhA jktiwrksa esa

178

vkt Hkh ;g ijEijk gS fd n'kgjs ds fnu jktk vius njckfj;ksa ds lkFk ,d tqywl esa 'keh o`{k dh

iwtk ds fy, fudyrk gS] rkfd jke ds ifo=k i{kh dkdHkq'kafM ;kuh dkx ;k dkSos dks eqDr djk

ldsA egkjk"Vª esa mlh fnu ejkBk yksx 'keh o`{k ij rhj cjlkrs gSa vkSj fxjh gqbZ ifÙk;ksa dks vius

lkiQs esa yisVdj flj ij cka/ ykrs gSaA 'keh o`{k dks f'koth dk vkJ; Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA f'koth dk

,d uke 'kehjksg Hkh gS ;kuh tks 'keh o`{k ij p<+ dj jgrk gksA

xqtjkr ds HkkjokM vkfnoklh vius fookg lekjksgksa ds rksj.k 'keh o`{k dh Vgfu;ksa ls gh

ltkrs gSaA mudk ekuuk gS fd ekew ;kuh ekek dk Mjkouk Hkwr 'keh ds isM+ esa gh jgrk gSA iatkc esa

tc nwYgk nqfYgu dks ykus mlds ?kj tkrk gS rks bl isM+ dh ,d Vguh dkVrk gSA blds ihNs ekU;rk

;g gS fd Vguh dkVus ls bl isM+ ij jgus okyh cqjh vkRek,a Hkkx tk,axh] ugha rks fookg&dk;Z esa

ck/k MkysaxhA

'keh o`{k ds ckjs esa lcls çfl¼ dFkk egkHkkjr esa feyrh gSA tc ;qf/"Bj us nq;ksZ/u ds lkFk

tqvk [ksyk rks ikaMo viuk lc dqN gkj x,A nq;ksZ/u us ikaMoksa ls dgk fd vxj os 12 o"kZ ouokl

esa jgsa vkSj mlds ckn ,d o"kZ vKkr okl esa] rks og mudk gkjk gqvk jktikV okil dj nsxkA vxj

os ml vKkrokl esa igpku fy, x, rks mUgsa fiQj ls ouokl dh çfØ;k nqgjkuh gksxhA

ikaMoksa us 12 o"kZ ouokl esa fcrk, vkSj 13osa o"kZ dks Nqidj dkVus ds fy, os jktk fojkV

dh jkt/kuh esa vk, vkSj Hks"k cnydj jktk ds njckj eas jgus yxsA blls igys mUgsa fofHkUu nsorkvksa

ls tks 'kL=k feys Fks] mls 'keh ds ,d isM+ esa Nqik vk,A ogha ikl esa ,d 'ko iM+k FkkA ikaMoksa us

mls Hkh mBkdj isM+ ls Vkax fn;k fd bls ge ,d o"kZ ckn vkdj tyk nsaxsA bl rjg 'ko dks Vaxk

ns[kdj dksbZ Hkh isM+ ds ikl ugha vk,xk vkSj mlesa Nqis 'kL=k lqjf{kr jgsaxsA lky Hkj ckn os tc ykSVs

rks 'keh o`{k dh 'kk[kkvksa esa muds 'kL=k lqjf{kr j[ks fey x,A

179

isM+ ij ls 'kL=k mrkjus ls igys ikaMoksa us 'keh o`{k dh iwtk dh vkSj 'kL=kksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus

ds fy, viuh d`rKrk çdV dhA tc ikaMoksa us dq#{ks=k dk ;q¼ thr fy;k] rc n'kgjs ij 'keh o`{k

dh fiQj iwtk dh vkSj rc ls vkt rd n'kgjs ds fnu 'keh o`{k dh iwtk dh rFkk 'kL=k&iwtk dh

ijEijk pyh vk jgh gSA

eVj dqy (ysX;wfeukslh)

ysX;wfeukslh dqy dh igpku gh ;g gS fd blds isM+&ikS/ksa esa iQfy;ka t:j gksrh gSaA bl dqy

esa 17000 çtkfr;ka gSaA buesa ls vf/drj iQyhnkj isM+ gSaA lHkh Lih'kht esa nks phtsa t:j gksaxhaA

igyh ;g fd iQy ges'kk ,d d{k okyh iQyh ds :i esa gksrk gSA nwljs tM+ksa esa xkaBsa gksrh gSa] ftuesa

thok.kq (oSDVhfj;k) dh cfLr;ka gksrh gSa vkSj ;s thok.kq gok ls ukbVªkstu [khap ldrs gSaA blfy, bl

dqy ds isM+&ikS/ksa esa vyx ls ukbVªkstu nsus dh dksbZ [kkl t:jr ugha gksrhA cfYd os vklikl ds

ikS/ksa vkSj vxyh iQly ds fy, Hkh feV~Vh esa dkiQh ukbVªkstu tek dj nsrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd

budh iQfy;ka euq"; rFkk vU; tarqvksa ds fy, çksVhu dk cf<+;k lzksr gSaA

ekuo iks"k.k dks lq/kjus esa ysX;wfeukslh dqy ds o`{kksa dk ;ksxnku cM+k egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj buesa

vkxs ds fy, Hkh bldh cM+h Hkkjh laHkkouk gSA blds fy, lcls vPNk gksxk fd budh iQfy;ksa ds

nkus lq[kkdj] ihldj mldk çksVhu&cgqy vkVk cuk;k tk,] rkfd blls yksx viuh&viuh ilan ds

O;atu cuk ldsaA çksVhu dk va'k] dSyksjh eku vkSj çksVhu cgqy vkVs dk çpkj djus ds fy, mlesa ls

js'ks dk dqN cM+k va'k Nkudj vyx fd;k tk ldrk gSA bls lh/s gh idkdj dqN O;atuksa ds :i esa

[kk ldrs gSaA ;k fiQj eDds ;k xsgwa ds vkVs esa feykdj [kk ldrs gSaA blls jksVh] Mcy jksVh] fcLdqV]

nfy;k] lsobZ] lso] Hkqft;k] fexkSM+h] idkSM+s] cM+s bR;kfn reke rjg ds [kk| inkFkZ cuk, tk ldrs gSaA

buesa Hkh çtuu ls lq/kj djds [kkus ;ksX; Lokfn"V nkuksa okyh iQfy;ka iSnk djus okys o`{k fodflr

djds mUgsa çtuu lkexzh dh rjg bLrseky djus ds ç;ksx gksus pkfg,A

180

dkcZu&lap;&okfudh dh n`f"V ls ,sls iQyhnkj isM+ NkaVus gksaxs tks dkiQh yacs&pkSM+s gks tkrs gksa

vkSj [kwc iQfy;ka iSnk djrs gksaA

ysX;wfeukslh dqy esa ,sls çtud o`{k gSa] tks fd dkiQh cM+s gks tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d

isM+ bafM;u ,'k (,ØhdkiZl izQSfDluhiQksfy;l) dgykrk gSA ;g 60 ehVj rd yack gks tkrk gS vkSj

o"kkZ ouksa esa mxus okys dqN iQyhnkj o`{k rks blls Hkh yacs tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu buesa ls fdlh Hkh

o`{k&çtkfr dks [kk|&nkrk o`{k ds :i esa lq/kjus ds oSKkfud ç;kl ugha fd, x,A

eVj dqy ds o`{kksa esa esLdhV ;k ,Yxkjksck (çkslksfil Lih-) gh ,d ek=k ,slh o`{k&çtkfr gS

ftl ij oSKkfudksa us lcls vf/d è;ku fn;k gSA nf{k.k vejhdk ds vusd ns'k bu o`{kksa ls pkjk

çkIr djus dh vkl yxk, gSaA çkslksfil ij vuqla/ku esa dqN le; ls vejhdk dk [kk|&m|ksx vkSj

nwljs vusd ns'k Hkh fnypLih ysus yxs gSaA çkslksfil dh de ls de 40 Lih'kht gSa] ftuesa ls vusd

[kkus ;ksX; iQfy;ka iSnk djrh gSaA fofHkUu ,Yxkjksck Lih'kht esa cM+h fofo/rk gSA os nf{k.kh ;w-,l-,-

vkSj eSfDldks ds 'kq"d Hkkxksa esa mxrh gS_ czkthy ds v/Z'kq"d ?kkl ds eSnkuksa] djkMks vkSj dfVaxkvksa

esa_ nf{k.k vejhdk ds osLV dksLV ds jsfxLrku ds fdukjksa ij_ ,aMht igkfM+;ksa dh fupyh <ykuksa ij

vkSj vtsZafVuk ds ?kkl ds eSnkuksa ds vusd Hkkxksa esa rFkk iSVkxksfu;k vkSj iaik esaA buesa ls vusd txgksa

esa ,Yxkjksck us ckdh isM+&ikS/ksa dks nck j[kk gS vkSj mldk ,dN=k jkt gSA [kklrkSj ls 'kq"d]

v/Z'kq"d ;k mi&vkæZ Hkwfe;ksa esa ;g thul (oa'k) cM+s tksj&'kksj ls iuirh gSA Lisu ds geykojksa ds

vkxeu ls igys vtVsd] badk vkSj vU; vkfnokfl;ksa esa ,Yxkjksck dh iQfy;ka cM+s pko ls [kkbZ tkrh

Fkha vkSj muds vkgkj dk egRoiw.kZ vax FkhaA

czkthy esa yxHkx 5 djksM+ gSDVj esa çkd`frd ouLifr ds ,d vfHkUu vax ds :i esa

,Yxkjksck ds isM+ mxs gq, gSaA ,Yxkjksck dk gh oSKkfud uke çkslksfil gS vkSj Mk- ,.Vksfuvks Mh

vksyhohjk ds vuqlkj czkthy ds mÙkj&iwoZ ds v/Z'kq"d {ks=k esa fcuk fdlh jklk;fud moZjd ;k

181

flapkbZ ds çkslksfil dh ,d gSDVj ouLFkyh ls gj lky 5000 fdyksxzke ds djhc iQfy;ka fey tkrh

gSA i'kqikyu ls blh bykds esa çfr gSDVj dsoy 2-6 vkSj 3-6 fdyksxzke ekal o"kZ Hkj esa fey ikrk

gSA ,Yxkjksck dh iQfy;ksa dk çksVhu&va'k ekal ls rqyuh; gS vkSj ;g rqyuk vka[ksa [kksy nsrh gSA

ekuo&iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ,Yxkjksck mruh gh tehu ls i'kqikyu ls 2000 xquk vf/d vkgkj iSnk dj

ldrs gSa vkSj og Hkh i;kZoj.k dh n`f"V ls fVdkÅ vk/kj ijA

l?ku o`{k[ksrh esa rks mit vkSj Hkh vf/d gksxhA gokbZ esa çkslksfil ds l?ku o`{k çfr gSDVj

50 Vu iQfy;ka rks cM+s vkjke ls iSnk djrs gSaA ysfdu vf/d mit ikus ds fy, p;ukRed çtuu rks

djuk gh iM+sxk vkSj bl mUur o`{kkoyh esa moZjd vkSj flapkbZ dk Hkh çca/ djuk iM+sxkA

vejhdk] vtsZafVuk vkSj vusd nf{k.k vesfjdh ns'kksa esa [kk| m|ksx us çkslksfil dh iQfy;ksa dk

bLrseky 'kq: dj fn;k gSA tc iQfy;ka lq[kk yh tkrh gSa vkSj muesa 5 çfr'kr ;k blls Hkh de ueh

cp jgrh gS] rks budk vkVk cM+h vklkuh ls cuk;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, gSej fey] fiu fey]

LVksj fey ;k fiQj gkFk ls pDdh pykdj ;k ewly ls] ;kuh dwVus&ihlus dk dksbZ Hkh rjhdk

bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA

çkslksfil dh iQfy;ksa esa js'kk cgqr gksrk gSA blfy, iQfy;ksa ds vkVs esa çksVhu dk va'k c<+kus

vkSj js'ks dk va'k ?kVkus dk dksbZ de ykxr okyk rjhdk [kkstuk gksxkA 'kks/drkZvksa us irk yxk;k gS

fd tc iQfy;ksa dks ,d ls pkj ckj rd ihlk tkrk gS vkSj mlds feJ.k dks vyx&vyx vkdkj ds

Nsnksa okyh pyfu;ksa ls Nkuk tkrk gS] rks çksVhu ,d va'k rd dkiQh ?kuk gks tkrk gS vkSj js'ks dh

ek=kk esa dkiQh deh gks tkrh gSA bl 'kks/dk;Z esa vuqla/kudrkZvksa us $ 45] $ 100 vkSj &100 uacj

dh tkfy;ka bLrseky dha rks vf/drj çksVhu &100 okyh tkyh esa tek gqvkA

bl rjg dk çkslksfil dk çksVhu&cgqy vkVk [kk| mRiknksa dh c<+rh fdLeksa esa bLrseky gks

jgk gSA miHkksDrkvksa dh ilan ds ,d vè;;u ds ckn ;g irk pyk fd çkslksfil dh iQfy;ksa dk

182

vk/k vkVk xsgwa ds vk/s vkVs esa feykdj McyjksVh vkSj dqdh oxSjg cukbZ tk ldrh gSaA blls muds

Lokn] jax] cukoV vkSj DokfyVh esa dksbZ iQdZ ugha vkrkA

blh rjg ls ,f'k;k] ;wjksi vkSj vizQhdh ns'kksa esa mx jgs vla[; iQyhnkj isM+ksa dh iQfy;ksa ds

çksVhu&cgqy vkVs ls vusd çdkj ds Lokfn"V vkSj ikSf"Vd O;atu cuk, tk ldrs gSaA

nf{k.k vizQhdk ds x.kra=k esa eadh czSM Vªh (ckSghfu;k Fkksfuaxh & Bautinia thonningii) dh

iQfy;ksa dks vusd dchys vdky ds vkgkj ds :i esa bLrseky djrs jgs gSaA budks ihldj budk

vkVk eDdk ds vkVs dh txg bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA

dSyksjh vkSj çksVhu ds ekeys esa ckSghfu;k dk vkVk mruk gh ikSf"Vd gS] ftruk fd eDdk dk

vkVkA blds fy, ç;ksxksa esa iQfy;ksa dks mlh :i esa bLrseky djds Hkh ns[kk x;kA fiQuyS.M ds

^dks,fy'ku iQkWj ,Uok;jueasV ,.M Msoyies.V (lh-bZ-Mh-) us rastkfu;k esa Eokatk dh E;qfulisfyVh ls

feydj ogka ds nks LFkkuh; o`{kksa (,dsf'k;k VksfVZfyl vkSj ckWghfu;k Fkksfuaxh) dh iQfy;ksa vkSj chtksa dk

vkVk cukus vkSj mlesa ls js'kk vyx djus dk ç;ksx 'kq: fd;k gSA

vdsf'k;k VksfVZfyl ;k vEcjSyk vdsf'k;k vizQhdk esa lcls vf/d ik, tkus okyk isM+ gSA ;g

iwjs egk}hi dk cM+k egRoiw.kZ çrhd cu x;k gSA vizQhdk esa lw[kk lgus esa leFkZ blls vPNk dksbZ

nwljk isM+ ugha gSA lw[ks ds lkyksa esa Hkh ;g isM+ vR;ar ikSf"Vd iQfy;ksa dh cM+h vPNh mit nsrk

jgrk gSA blds vykok ;g Lih'kht vR;ar mi;ksxh vkSj etcwr bekjrh ydM+h Hkh iSnk djrh gSA lkFk

gh gok ls ukbVªkstu [khapdj feV~Vh dks mitkÅ Hkh cukrh gSA

vusd lzksrksa ds vuqlkj vdsf'k;k VksfVZfyl 40 feyhehVj ftruh de o"kkZ esa Hkh ftank cpk jgrk

gS vkSj lkgsy vkSj lwMku ds jsfxLrkuksa esa ;gh isM+ gS tks nwj&nwj rd fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA tc o"kkZ dqN

vf/d gks tkrh gS rks ;g rsth ls c<+rk gS vkSj T;knk iQfy;ka iSnk djrk gSA bldh iQfy;ksa esa 19

çfr'kr çksVhu gksrk gS] nks ls rhu çfr'kr ds chp fpdukbZ gksrh gS vkSj 45 çfr'kr ds yxHkx

183

dkcksgkbMªsV gksrk gSA iwjh iQyh dk 40&45 çfr'kr Hkkj rks vanj ds chtksa dk gh gksrk gSA chtksa esa 27

ls 38 çfr'kr çksVhu gksrk gSA cM+s isM+ksa ls çfr o"kZ 200 fdyksxzke rd iQfy;ka feyh gSaA vdsf'k;k

VksfVZfyl dh ewlyk tM+ (tap root) cM+h etcwr gksrh gS] tks fd 35 ehVj dh xgjkbZ rd tkrh gSA

vEcjSyk vdsf'k;k ds vykok vdsf'k;k dh 1250 vU; çtkfr;ka gksrh gSA buesa ls vusd

Lih'kht] ;k dgsa fd muesa ls vf/drj ,slh iQfy;ka vkSj cht iSnk djrh gSa] ftudk vkVk cuk;k tk

ldrk gS] tks [kkus ;ksX; gksrk gSA bu Lih'kht esa ls 840 dh mRifÙk vkLVªsfy;k esa gqbZ vkSj 230 dh

vejhdk (mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k nksuksa)] 135 dh vizQhdk esa vkSj 18 dh Hkkjr esaA

vkLVªsfy;k ds oSKkfudksa us ogka ds vdsf'k;kvksa ls u;h rjg ds [kk|nkrk ikS/s fodflr djus

dk ç;kl fd;k gSA ;gka dh vdsf'k;k Lih'kht dks ^oSVy* Hkh dgrs gSaA bl ç;kl esa mUgksaus

vkLVªsfy;k ds ewy fuokfl;ksa dh ijaijkxr tkudkjh dks vk/qfud oSKkfud rjhdksa ls tksM+us dh igy

dh gSA buesa p;u vkSj mUu;u 'kkfey gSaA 'kq:vkr mUgksaus lcls egRoiw.kZ çtkfr;ksa dks NkaVus ls dh

ftlesa vkfnokfl;ksa dh enn yh xbZA mudh enn ls ,sls isM+ NkaVs x, tks ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, lcls

vf/d mi;qDr iQfy;ka vkSj nkus iSnk djrs FksA vkfnoklh yksx ijaijkxr :i esa vdsf'k;k ,U;wVk]

vdsf'k;k flckcsfj;k] vdsf'k;k yksaxhiQksfy;k vkSj vdsf'k;k vkslokYMh dk bLrseky vius Hkkstu esa djrs jgs

gSaA

beyh (VsesfjaMl bafMdk) ds isM+ cgqr cM+s&cM+s gksrs gSa vkSj 30 ehVj rd yacs gks tkrs gSaA

budk O;kl rhu ehVj rd dk gks ldrk gSA

bl isM+ dk ewy LFkku laHkor% vizQhdk dk vf/d lw[kk bykdk jgk gksxk] ysfdu vc

vizQhdk vkSj Hkkjr esa gj txg mxk;k tkrk gSA beyh dk isM+ gj rjg dh ifjfLFkfr ds vuqdwy <y

tkrk gSA blfy, ;g lw[ks vkSj ue nksuksa rjg ds bykdksa esa mxk;k tk ldrk gSA

184

bldk vaxzsth uke ^VsesfjaM* iQkjlh ds ^rej&,&fgan* ls cuk gS ;kuh Hkkjr dk [ktwjA laLd`r

ds 'kCn ^vfEydk* dk vFkZ gS [kV~Vs Lokn okykA blh ls befydk vkSj fiQj fganh dk ^beyh* cukA

vkfnokfl;ksa esa blds ckjs esa vke /kj.kk ;g gS fd bl isM+ ds uhps nq"V vkRek,a fdlh vkSj dks

ftank ugha NksM+rhA blhfy, eqlkfiQjksa dks fgnk;r nh tkrh gS fd beyh ds isM+ ds uhps u lks;saA

Hkkjr esa lcls e'kgwj beyh dk isM+ Xokfy;j esa gS] tgka ;g lezkV vdcj ds uojRuksa esa ls

,d egku laxhr&lezkV rkulsu dh lekf/ ij [kM+k gSA blds ckjs esa e'kgwj gS fd vxj xk;dksa dks

viuh vkokt esa rkulsu ds xk;u tSlh feBkl ykuh gS] rks bl beyh ds isM+ dh ifÙk;ka t:j pckuh

pkfg,A

beyh dk isM+ cgqr cM+k lnkcgkj o`{k gS] ftldh 'kk[kk,a cM+s yacs ?kssjs esa iQSyrh gSa vkSj

dVkonkj NksVh ifÙk;ksa ls ynk cM+k 'kksHkk;eku yxrk gSA isM+ dk ruk eksVk gksrk gS vkSj Nky cM+h

vkSj yxHkx dkys jax dh gksrh gS rFkk blesa yach&yach njkjsa iM+h jgrh gSaA beyh ds iQy yacs] eksVs

vkSj eqM+s gq, gksrs gSaA dPps iQy gjs gksrs gSa vkSj idus ij xgjs cknkeh jax ds gks tkrs gSaA cht Hkh

xgjs cknkeh jax ds vk;rkdkj gksrs gSaA beyh dk xwnk [kV~Vk&feV~Bk gksrk gS vkSj pVuh rFkk lksaB

cukus esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA blls ihry dks pedk;k Hkh tkrk gSA isM+ dh ydM+h [ksrhckM+h ds

vkStkj cukus esa dke vkrh gSA chtksa dks mckydj] ihldj vkfnoklh yksx vkVk cuk ysrs gSaA ifÙk;ksa

ls laqnj ihyk jax cuk;k tkrk gS tks js'ke dks jaxus esa dke vkrk gSA isM+ ds vf/drj fgLls vkS"k/h;

mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA nwljs egk;q¼ esa Hkkjrh; Vªdksa dks pykus okyh xSlkstu ;wfuVksa us bls bZa/u ds

:i esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k FkkA

rfeyukMq esa çfr gSDVj 100 ls 150 rd beyh ds isM+ fey tkrs gSaA ifjiDo isM+ksa ls 100

ls 150 fdyksxzke beyh çfr o"kZ fey tkrh gSaA eksVs rkSj ij beyh dh iQyh ds otu dk vk/k

fgLlk [kkus ;ksX; gksrk gSA iQfy;ksa dh mit vPNh dgh tk ldrh gS] ysfdu blds mRiknu dk ,d

185

pØ gS vkSj beyh ds 100 xzke xwns ls 1100kJ rd ÅtkZ fey tkrh gSA beyh ds isM+ 200 ;k blls

Hkh vf/d o"kksZa rd vPNh iQyr esa jgrs gSaA iQyksa dk xwnk rktk Hkh [kk ldrs gSa vkSj mldk flji

cukdj mls lajf{kr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA chtksa dks Nhydj esos ds :i esa Hkh [kk;k tkrk gSA beyh dks

elkys ds :i esa vkSj Lokn c<+kus ds fy, Hkh bLrseky djrs gSaA vuqla/kudrkZvksa us beyh ij Hkh

dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;kA ysfdu bruk vo'; Kkr gS fd rfeyukMq] vka/zçns'k vkSj dukZVd ds fdlku

vPNs ekr`d ikS/kssa dh igpku djds vPNh iQyr okys isM+ NkaV dj vPNh iSnkokj ysrs jgrs gSaA

vPNh fdLe ds isM+ksa ds chtksa ls gh ikS/ rS;kj djrs gSaA lfn;ksa ls ;g djrs&djrs ,d rjg ls

beyh&çtuu dk d`"kd&Lrj ij lkewfgd ç;kl gks x;k gSA rfeyukMq ds /eZiqjh ftys esa ,d isM+

,slk gS tks 25 lsaVhehVj yach vkSj ikap lasVhehVj pkSM+h iQfy;ka iSnk djrk gSA

gks ldrk gS fd ;s isM+ lfn;ksa ds p;u vkSj çtuu dk ifj.kke gks tks fdlkuksa us gh fd;k

gksA

iQyhnkj isM+ksa dh iQfy;ksa dk vkVk vkSj cht lw[ks vkSj ckjkuh bykdksa ds fy, cM+s egRo ds

fl¼ gksaxsA ;gh rjhdk o"kkZouksa esa Hkh viuk;k tk ldrk gSA

,f'k;k vkSj vizQhdk ds ue bykdksa esa 'kk;n vizQhdu yksdLV chUl (ikfdZ;k Lih-) ij

fo'ks"k è;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA

bl oa'k (thul) ds lnL; nf{k.k ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj vizQhdk ds vis{kkd`r

vf/d ue bykdksa esa ik, tkrs gSaA vusd çtkfr;ka [kkus ;ksX; iQfy;ka ;k cht iSnk djrh gSaA mnkgj.k

ds fy, ikfdZ;k vizQhdkuk] ikfdZ;k Lisflvkslk] ikfdZ;k jkWDlc?kkZb] ikfdZ;k fixysaMqyhlk vkSj ikfdZ;k

fiQfydksbfM;k A

186

ikfdZ;k Lih'kht ds iQy vaxzsth esa fuV~VkuV ;k vizQhdu yksdLV chUl dgs tkrs gSaA Mk- ts-

'kksYMks Mxyl ds vuqlkj eysf'k;k esa yxk, x, isM+ksa ls çfr gSDVj 25 ls 40 Vu rd mit feyh

gSA

eè; vkSj nf{k.k vesfjdk ds o"kkZouksa esa iQyh okys o`{k cM+h Hkkjh rknkn esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj

budks ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA czkthy ds vestu ouksa esa vdsys gh vc

rd ysX;wfeukslh dqy ds o`{kksa dh 1000 ds djhc Lih'kht igpkuh xbZ gSaA buesa ls nks rks lcls cM+s

isM+ksa okyh çtkfr;ka gSa & ,atsfye (fMuhft;k ,DlsYlk) vkSj lhMªks jkuk (lhMsªfyaxk dkVsuhiQkWfeZl)A

baMksusfl;k ds o"kkZouksa esa Hkh iQyhnkj o`{kksa dh ,d iwjh ijr fMIVsjksdkiZ dqy ds o`{kksa ds lkFk viuk

ncnck cuk ds j[krh gSA ;gka ds o"kkZouksa esa lcls yack isM+ fl;kySaM (dwEikfl;k ,DlsYlk) gS tks fd

70 ;k 80 ehVj yack gks tkrk gS vkSj ysX;wfeukslh dqy esa gh 'kkfey gSA

,d vejhdh thul gS baxk (baxk Lih-) ftlesa dbZ Lih'kht 'kkfey gSaA ;g isM+ xwnsnkj [kkus

;ksX; iQfy;ksa ds fy, eè; vkSj nf{k.k vejhdk esa mxk;k tkrk gSA dqN Lih'kht us Lo;a dks lw[kh

ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, <ky fy;k gS vkSj ;s eSfDldks dh 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa esa [kwc iQyrh&iQwyrh gSaA nwljh

Lih'kht dks T;knk o"kkZ pkfg,A 'kk;n bl oa'k dh lcls egRoiw.kZ çtkfr ^iQwM baxk* (baxk bM~;wfyl)

gS] tks fd cM+h la[;k esa cM+h vkSj Lokfn"V iQfy;ka iSnk djrh gSA

is: ds fgLls ds vestu ou esa ;wjhekxqvkl esa o`{k[ksrh ds 'kks/drkZvksa us baxk bM~;wfyl vkSj

ihp ike ds bnZ&fxnZ d`f"k okfudh dh cgqLrjh; ç.kkyh fodflr djus ds ç;kl 'kq: fd, gSaA bu

nksuksa çtkfr ds isM+ bl ç.kkyh esa çeq[k gSaA 'kks/ ds vuqlkj bl cgqLrjh; ç.kkyh esa foÙkh; n`f"V ls

>we[ksrh ds eqdkcys 80 xquk vf/d ykHknk;d mRiknu gksrk gSA i'kqikyu ls rqyuk djsa rks ;g

ç.kkyh cgqr gh vkd"kZd fl¼ gksrh gSA

187

dqN iQyhnkj isM+ [kkus ds rsy ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSaA bldk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k gS

vizQhdu vkWbychu ;k vV~Vkohu Vªh (isaVkDyhFkzk eSØksfiQyk) tks fd lsuhxy ls vaxksyk rd mxrk ik;k

x;k gSA ,MoMZ esfuatj ds vuqlkj bl isM+ esa 45 lsaVhehVj yach vkSj 10 lsaVhehVj pkSM+h iQfy;ka

yxrh gSA bu iQfy;ksa ds chtksa esa muds otu dk 30&36 çfr'kr [kkus ;ksX; rsy gksrk gSA

ysX;wfeukslh dqy ds dqN isM+ mÙkj esa ;k Åaps igkM+ksa dh BaMh tyok;q esa Hkh mxk, tk ldrs

gSaA blds fy, lcls vk'kçn thul guh yksdLV (XysfMVªfl;k Lih-) gSA bldh lcls egRoiw.kZ

çtkfr;ksa esa vejhdu guh yksdLV (XysfMVªfl;k VªkbdsaFkksl) vkSj tkikuh guh yksdLV (XysfMVªfl;k

tsiksfudk) 'kkfey gSaA

vejhdu guh yksdLV dukMk esa vks.Vkfjvks ls ysdj VSDlkl rd ik;k tkrk gSA bl Lih'kht

dks vçQhdk vkSj ;wjksi ds vusd ns'kksa esa Hkh iuik;k x;k gSA bldk isM+ dkiQh yack gks tkrk gS & 45

ehVj rdA ydM+h etcwr] fVdkÅ vkSj dherh gksrh gSA iQfy;ka Hkh dkiQh cM+h gksrh gS & 30 ls 45

lsaVhehVj yachA buesa jlhyk xwnk gksrk gS] tks Lokn esa ehBk gksrk gS] D;ksafd blesa rktk gksus ij 27

çfr'kr rd 'kdZjk gksrh gS vkSj lq[kkus ij 60 çfr'krA iQfy;ka vkerkSj ij tkuojksa dks f[kykbZ tkrh

gSa] ysfdu mUgsa vkneh Hkh [kk ldrs gSaA budks lq[kkdj] ihldj vkVk Hkh cuk;k tk ldrk gS]

gkykafd bl rjg ls bldk mi;ksx vHkh lhfer gh gSA

mÙkjh vejhdk esa bldh ,dy o`{k [ksrh dh tk jgh gS vkSj ogka bldh iSnkokj 35 ls 50

Vu çfr gSDVj gksrh gSA loksZÙke o`{k iQyr ds ,d ekSle esa 500 fdyksxzke rd iQfy;ka iSnk djrs gSaA

mRiknu fu;fer :i ls gksrk jgrk gS vkSj iQfy;ka dh rqM+kbZ cM+h vklku gSA 'kdZjk ds vykok lq[kkbZ

iQfy;ksa esa 16 çfr'kr çksVhu vkSj vkB çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh gSA

guh yksdLV dh 'kk[kk&ç'kk[kk,a dkiQh [kqyh gksrh gS vkSj blds uhps dkiQh /wi vkrh jgrh

gSA blfy, blds vklikl vU; iQlysa mxkbZ tk ldrh gSA gka] iQlysa ,slh pqusa tks nks isM+ksa ds chp

188

dh dqN Nk;k dks lg ldsaA bldh iqjkuh xSj&lq/jh fdLesa rks cht ls Hkh mxkbZ tk ldrh gS] ysfdu

mUur fdLeksa dks tM+kSnksa (root-suckers) ls mxk;k tkrk gS ;k fiQj dye yxkdjA blds dqN foHksn

'kwU; ls 35 fMxzh vkSj 39 fMxzh uhps rd Hkh ftank jg ysrs gSaA cfYd vknr Mkyh tk, rks ;g isM+

vkSj Hkh T;knk BaM cnkZ'r djds vkSj Hkh Åaps igkM+ksa ij mxk;k tk ldrk gSA

gks ldrk gS fd vxys fge;qx esa guh yksdLV ekuork dh j{kk ds fy, jksVh] Mcy jksVh vkSj

nfy;k oxSjg ds :i esa ehBk vkSj ikSf"Vd Hkkstu miyC/k djk;sA blls Hkh igys os /qj mÙkj esa vkSj

igkM+h bykdksa esa [kk| lqj{kk ds mÙke lk/u cu ldrs gSaA

beyh dh ifÙk;ka bruh NksVh D;ksa

lEcyiqj (mM+hlk) dh ,d yksddFkk% cgqr le; igys dh ckr gSA mu fnuksa /jrh ij

nsork vkSj nkuo fopjk djrs FksA vlqjksa dh lsuk dk lsukifr gqvk djrk Fkk & HkLeklqjA ,d ckj

mlus egknso f'ko dks ;q¼ ds fy, yydkjkA ;g r; gqvk fd tks Hkh thrsxk] ogh i`Foh ij 'kklu

djsxkA egknso th us mldh pqukSrh Lohdkj dj yhA

nksuksa xqRFkexqRFkk gks x,A HkLeklqj dbZ ckj ?kk;y gqvkA vkf[kj esa og gkj dj Hkkxk vkSj

taxy esa Nqius dh txg [kkstus yxkA rc mls beyh dk ,d isM+ fn[kkbZ] fn;k ftldh fo'kky

Vgfu;ka vkSj cM+h&cM+h ifÙk;ka Nqius ds fy, lgh txg yxhaA ihNk djrs&djrs egknso us ns[kk fd

irk ugha vpkud HkLeklqj dgka xk;c gks x;kA <wa<+rs&<wa<+rs os ml beyh ds isM+ ds ikl igqaps]

ftlesa jk{kl Nqik gqvk FkkA HkLeklqj isM+ esa viuh txg cnyrk jgk rks ifÙk;ka [kM+dus yxhaA egknso

th us Åij ns[kkA exj cM+h&cM+h ifÙk;ksa esa Nqik HkLeklqj dgha utj ugha vk;kA egknso th us ,d

vka[k can djds ns[kk] fiQj nksuksa vka[kksa ls ns[kk] ij isM+ ij cl ifÙk;ka gh ifÙk;ka utj vkbZaA

vc rks egknso th dk /S;Z tokc nsus yxkA mUgksaus tksj dh gqadkj Hkjh vkSj viuk rhljk us=k

[kksy fn;kA ;g us=k muds ekFks ds chp esa FkkA rhljk us=k [kqyrs gh fo'kky ifÙk;ksa ds NksVs&NksVs

189

VqdM+s gks x,A egknso th dks bu ifÙk;ksa esa ls HkLeklqj fn[kkbZ ns x;k vkSj mUgksaus vius f=k'kwy ls

iQkSju mldks ekj MkykA bl rjg /jrh ml nkuo ds vR;kpkjksa ls eqDr gqbZA ysfdu rHkh ls beyh

dh ifÙk;ka ges'kk ds fy, NksVh gks xbZaA

ou esa jke dh okfVdk & iapoVh ¼jkek;.k ls½

v;ksè;k ds jktk n'kjFk us viuk eu ekjdj vius cM+s csVs jke dks 14 o"kZ dk ouokl ns

fn;kA jke eqLdjk;s vkSj firk dh vkKk f'kjks/k;Z djds taxy esa pys x,A muds lkFk mudh

lg/feZ.kh lhrk vkSj NksVk HkkbZ y{e.k Hkh ou dks pysA taxy esa igqapdj jke vkSj y{e.k ,slk

LFkku [kkstus yxs tgka jgk tk ldsA mUgksaus beyh ds isM+ ds uhps mldh Nk;k esa viuh dqfV;k

cukbZA isM+ dh ifÙk;ka cgqr cM+h Fkha vkSj os dqfV;k dks /wi vkSj o"kkZ ls cpk jgh FkhaA ysfdu jke

çlUu ugha FksA ,d fnu mUgksaus y{e.k ls dgk fd ^esjs firkJh us eq> bl ou esa blfy, Hkstk Fkk

fd ge dfBukb;ksa ls tw>uk lh[ksaA mUgksaus ;g dHkh ugha pkgk gksxk fd ge bZ'oj dh jph çd`fr dh

nsu ls Lo;a dks cpkrs fiQjsaA vHkh mudh ckr iwjh gh gqbZ Fkh fd jke ds çfr iw.kZr% lefiZr NksVs HkkbZ

y{e.k us mudh nqfo/k le> yhA y{e.k us rqjar viuk /uq"k [khapk vkSj beyh dh Vgfu;ksa ij ck.kksa

dh o"kkZ dj nhA cM+h&cM+h ifÙk;ka iQkSju dVdj NksVh&NksVh ckjhd ifÙk;ksa esa cny xbZa vkSj muesa ls

NuNu dj /wi dqfV;k esa vkus yxhA o"kkZ gksus ij ikuh Hkh dqfV;k dks fHkxksus yxkA rHkh ls beyh ds

isM+ dh ifÙk;ka oSlh gh NksVh pyh vk jgh gSaA

jktk vkSj mldk <ksy

,d le; dh ckr gS fd eè; Hkkjr esa ,d jktk jgrk FkkA og cM+k lqanj Fkk ysfdu Fkk cM+k

'ks[khcktA og yxkrkj niZ.k ns[krk] ikuh esa >kadrk] ;gka rd fd nwljksa dh vka[kksa esa >kadrkA tc os

iwNrs fd D;k dj jgs gks] rks cksyrk] eSa bl i`Foh dk lcls lqanj jktk gwaA blh rjg og vius

190

njckfj;ksa ds lkeus viuh 'ks[kh c?kkjrkA jktikV esa mldk è;ku jerk gh ugha FkkA dHkh ckyksa dh

ifV;k fudkyrkA dHkh 'kjhj ij rsy dh ekfy'k djokrkA bl rjg çtk nq[kh jgus yxhA lc yksx

xjhc gksrs pys x,A

exj jktk dks dksbZ ijokg ughaA ^eSa D;ksa è;ku nwa*] ,d fnu njckj esa xjtus yxk] ^eSa nsorkvksa

ls Hkh T;knk lqanj gwaA*

mlh le; Åij vkdk'k ls ,d nsork xqtjs tks tjk xqLls okys FksA mUgksaus jktk dh ?keaMHkjh

ckr lqu yhA os rks iQkSju ukjkt gks x,A

vc rks bl jktk dk ?keaM pwj djus ds fy, dqN djuk iM+sxkA os lkspus yxs fd D;k naM

fn;k tk,A rHkh mudh fuxkg ,d lkaM ij iM+hA ^lhax* ;g dgdj nsork us rkyh ctkbZ vkSj viuh

lw> ij [kq'k gq,] ^ns[krk gwa bu lhaxksa ds lkFk og fdruk lqanj yxsxkA*

nwljs fnu lqcg tc jktk mBk rks çkr%dky dh fnup;kZ esa yx x;kA fiQj lcls igys mlus

vius rfd, ds uhps ls 'kh'kk fudkyk vkSj viuk psgjk ns[kus yxkA rHkh jktk ds egy ds igjsnkjksa

us vanj ls ph[kus dh vkokt lquhA os nkSM+s&nkSM+s vanj vk, rks jktk iyax ij cSBk Fkk vkSj vius flj

dks rfd, esa Nqik, ph[k jgk FkkA

^tkvks] fudyks ckgj*] jktk flikfg;ksa dks MkaVus yxkA tc os tkus yxs rks fpYykdj cksyk]

^tkvks vkSj 'kkgh ukbZ dks cqykdj ykvks iQkSjuA* 'kkgh ukbZ cM+k prqj vkSj ckrwuh Fkk] og iQkSju vanj

vk x;kA

^vjs vki vkt bruh tYnh mB x,A exj ;s rfd;k-----A*

jktk fcxM+ x;k] ^viuh cdcd can djks vkSj esjs iyax ds ikl vkvksA*

191

vpjt esa Mwck ukbZ iyax ds ikl vk;kA jktk us mls vkns'k fn;k] ^,s ukbZ ! eSa rqEgsa vHkh

dqN fn[kk jgk gwaA ysfdu vxj rqeus bl ckjs esa fdlh dks dqN crk;k rks pkcqd ekj&ekj dj [kky

m/sM+ nwaxk vkSj iQkalh ij yVdk nwaxkA* ;g dgdj jktk us vius flj ij ls /hjs ls rfd;k gVk;kA

^vjs] ;s D;k]* ns[krs gh ukbZ fpYyk iM+kA mldk eqag [kqyk jg x;k vkSj vka[ksa iQVh jg xbZA

jktk ds flj ij lhaxA

^vc ;gka [kM+s er jgksA* jktk us fiQj mls MkaVk] ^bUgsa Nqikus ds fy, dqN djksA*

ukbZ us jktk ds ckyksa dks rjg&rjg ls laokj dj ns[kk vkSj vkf[kj esa mlus ,slh ds'k lTtk

[kkst yh fd flj ij mxs lhax vkaf'kd :i ls Nqi tk,aA ckdh dks Nqikus ds fy, jktk us flj ij

eqdqV igu fy;kA mUgksaus gqDe fn;k] ^tkvks vc njckj esa lcdks crk nks fd eSa chekj gwaA eSa vkt

fdlh ls ugha feywaxkA* jktk mB cSBk vkSj ukbZ dks ?kwjus yxk] ns[kks esjh psrkouh er Hkwyuk ! ;kn

j[kukA

ukbZ rks rqjar Hkkx fy;kA tSls gh egy dk }kj can gqvk] ckgj vkrs gh ukbZ dh galh NwV xbZA

flikfg;ksa us Vksdk] ^D;k ckr gSA D;ksa gal jgs gksA* ysfdu ukbZ us flj fgyk;k vkSj Bgkds ekjrk gqvk

ogka ls frM+h gks x;kA

^eSa rks galrs&galrs ej tkÅaxk* ukbZ us lkspkA fdlh dks rks crkuk gh iM+sxkA ^esjs isV esa ;g

Hksn ugha #dsxkA*

'kkgh njckj ds ckgj vkaxu esa beyh dk ,d isM+ [kM+k FkkA ukbZ isM+ ds ikl x;k vkSj rus ds

ikl iQqliQqlkdj mls crk fn;kA

mlh jkr cM+h tksj dk rwiQku vk;k vkSj isM+ fxj iM+kA jktk us vanj vkus dh eukgh dj j[kh

Fkh] blfy, ,d flikgh us >jks[ks esa ls >kaddj jktk dks crk;k fd isM+ fxj x;k gSA jktk us vkKk

192

nh fd isM+ dk ruk dkVdj njckj ds laxhrdkj dks ns fn;k tk, ^mlls dgks fd bldk <ksy cukdj

esjs }kj ds ckgj ctk,A*

laxhrdkj us <ksy rS;kj fd;kA lkjs njckjh Hkh jktk ds egy ds njokts ds lkeus bdV~Bs gks

x, vkSj og dykdkj <ksy ctkus yxkA ysfdu <ksy dks tSls gh ctk;k] <e&<e dh ctk; mlesa ls

vkokt fudyh & ^jktk ds flj ij lhax ! jktk ds flj ij lhax* ! lkjs njckjh f[kyf[kykdj gal

iM+sA jktk us lquk rks xqLls esa vkx ccwyk gks mBkA

egy ds vanj ls gh jktk fpYyk;k] ^vc bl egy esa eSa {k.kHkj Hkh ugha #dwaxkA taxy pyk

tkÅaxkA ogha vdsyk jgwaxkA* ;g dgdj mlus flj ij iguk eqdqV mrkjdj ,d dksus esa iQsad fn;k

vkSj egy ls ckgj vkdj <ksy Nhudj vius dCts esa fd;k vkSj taxy dh vksj py iM+kA

o"kksZa rd jktk vdsyk ou esa fopjrk jgkA mlus ns[kk fd ogka lc dqN fdruk lqanj vkSj

eueksgd gSA dqykaps Hkjrs fgju] mM+ku Hkjrs iaNh vkSj jaxfcjaxs iQwy & ;s lc ns[kdj mls yxk fd

;g nqfu;k fdruh vkd"kZd gSA og ogka ds tho&tarqvksa dh j{kk vkSj lsok djus yxkA mlds eu esa

ls ?keaM gV x;kA mls le> vk xbZA mlesa ls LokFkZ dh Hkkouk fudy xbZA mldk ,d gh lkFkh Fkk

& beyh ds rus dh ydM+h ls cuk <ksyA tc mlus <ksy ctk;k rks vc <ksy mls beyh ds iqjkus isM+

esa Hkjs uhfr vkSj lq/kj ds çopu lqukus yxkA jktk <ksy dks bruh vPNh rjg ctkrk fd isM+ksa ij

jgus okyh vkRek,a <ksy ds laxhr ij eqX/ gks xbZaA os lc ml nsork ds ikl xbZa ftlus jktk dks 'kki

nsdj mlds flj ij lhax mxk fn, FksA

^{kek djsa çHkq!* vkRekvksa us nsork ds gkFk tksM+s] ^og jktk vc fcYdqy cny x;k gSA mlds

lhax gVk nhft,A mldk jkT; mls ykSVk nhft,A*

nsork us gkFk dk b'kkjk fd;k vkSj jktk ds flj ls lhax xk;c gks x,A

193

fnu esa jktk taxy ds ljksoj esa ls ty ysus x;kA tSls gh vatqjh esa ikuh Hkjus ds fy, jktk

>qdk rks ikuh esa mldh 'kDy fn[kkbZ nhA ;g D;k! mlds flj ij rks lhax gSa gh ughaA og vk'p;Z

pfdr jg x;kA rHkh ogka ?kksM+ksa ij lokj mlds ljnkj vk igqapsA os ?kksM+ksa ls mrjs vkSj mlds lkeus

flj >qdkdj fourh djus yxsA ^egkjkt~ gesa {kek dhft, vkSj okil py dj viuk jktikV

laHkkfy,A jkT; dks vkidh t:jr gSA*

jktk okil ykSV vk;kA mlus fiQj ls 'kklu dh ckxMksj laHkky yhA tgka Hkh tkrk] <ksy

ges'kk mlds lkFk gksrkA mlus cM+h cqf¼ekuh ls jkt fd;k vkSj çtk ds nq[k nwj fd,A

vkSj gka ! ukbZ dk flj dVus ls cp x;k] ij ukSdjh pyh xbZA vc jktk dks lqanj fn[kus dk

'kkSd ugha FkkA

tSrwu dqy (vksfy,lh)

tSrwu dqy esa dqy feykdj 500 Lih'kht irk pyh gSaA buesa ls vf/drj mÙkjh xksyk¼Z esa

ikbZ tkrh gSaA bl dqy ds lcls egRoiw.kZ oa'k gS % ,s'k (ÝySDlhul Lih-) vkSj tSrwu

(vksfyo&vksfy;k Lih-)A ;gka ij ge dsoy tSrwu ds o`{kksa dh ppkZ djsaxsA

;wjksi dk vksfyo o`{k (vksfy;k ;wjksfibZ) fo'o ds rsy&mRiknd o`{kksa esa lcls egRoiw.kZ ekuk

tkrk gSA fiNys dksbZ 6000 o"kksZa ls tSrwu ds o`{k mxk, tk jgs gSaA igys yscuku] lhfj;k] tksMZu] VdhZ]

bZjkd vkSj btjkby esa mxk, x, vkSj mlds ckn mÙkjh vizQhdk vkSj nf{k.k ;wjksi ds ns'kksa esa rFkk

Hkweè;lkxjh; }hiksa esaA

çkphu Hkweè; lkxjh; fo'o (nf{k.k ;wjksi] mÙkjh vizQhdk vkSj eè; iwoZ) esa tSrwu dk rsy

cM+k dherh ekuk tkrk FkkA ogka dh vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ gh tSrwu dk rsy FkkA çkphu fiQuhf'k;al]

;wukuh (xzhd) vkSj jkseu yksx tSrwu ds rsy dks nsorkvksa dk ve`r ekurs FksA bZlkb;ksa vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ds

194

/eZxzaFk ckbfcy esa tSrwu lcls egRoiw.kZ vkSj ifo=k o`{k ekuk x;k gSA vjc ns'kksa esa ;gh lEeku

[ktwj dks fn;k x;k gSA

bl le; nqfu;k esa gj lky 30 yk[k Vu ls Hkh T;knk tSrwu dk rsy iSnk fd;k tkrk gSA

;g 150 yk[k Vu tSrwu ds cjkcj gSA lcls vPNh o{kkoyh o"kZ esa çfr gSDVj vkB ls 10 Vu tSrwu

iSnk djrh gSA fo'o dh vf/drj tSrwu iQly Hkweè;lkxjh; {ks=k ds 10 djksM+ ls vf/d fuokfl;ksa

esa gh [ki tkrh gSA ;g muds nSfud vkgkj dk vifjgk;Z vax gSA ysfdu tSrwu dk rsy ;wjksi rFkk

;w-,l-,- esa Hkh rFkk nwljh txgksa esa Hkh yksdfç; gks jgk gSA lu~ 1983 ls 1998 ds 15 o"kksZa esa

vejhdk esa tSrwu ds rsy dk fu;kZr 500 xquk c<+ x;k vkSj 50]000 Vu ls c<+dj 250]000 Vu rd

igqap x;kA

bldk dkj.k cM+k lknk gSA tSrwu dk rsy [kkus ds lHkh ouLifrtU; rsyksa esa LokLF; ds fy,

loksZZÙke gSA [kkus ds vf/drj rsy ân;fodkjksa dks c<+krs gSaA muesa tks fpdukbZ gksrh gS] og yacs

le; rd lsou djus ls ân;] efLr"d vkSj Vkaxksa dh /efu;ksa esa #dkoV iSnk djrh gSA

ysfdu tSrwu ds rsy dk çHkko mYVk gksrk gSA ;g ân;fodkj iSnk djus dh ctk; bl rjg ds

fodkjksa dks jksdrk gSA tSrwu ds rsy eas 80 çfr'kr iQSVh ,flM ,sls gksrs gSa] tks 'kjhj esa ^vPNs*

dksysLVsjksy dk Lrj Åapk dj nsrs gSa vkSj ^cqjs* dksysLVsjksy dk Lrj ?kVk nsrs gSaA dsoy pkj ls 12

çfr'kr uqdlkunsg fpdukbZ gksrh gSA bl rjg nksuksa dk larqyu cM+k ldkjkRed gSA ;g ldkjkRed

çHkko bl rsy esa ekStwn iksyhiQhukay vkSj foVkfeu&bZ ds mPp va'k ls vkSj Hkh vf/d c<+ tkrk gSA

tSrwu ds rsy dh vPNh [kir ds dkj.k xzhl] bVyh] ;w-,l-,- vkSj xzsV fczVsu esa ân; fodkjksa dk

vuqikr pkj xquk de gSA vdsys ;w-,l-,- esa fny ds nkSjksa ls gj lky dksbZ nl yk[k yksxksa dh ekSr

gksrh gSA

195

fo'o dh tula[;k dh dqy ekSrksa esa ls ,d frgkbZ dk dkj.k ân;fodkj gh ik;s x;s gSaA buesa

ls vk/h ekSrsa ,slh gksrh gS] ftUgsa mfpr vkSj larqfyr [kku&iku ls jksdk tk ldrk FkkA Hkfo"; esa

fLFkfr vkSj Hkh [kjkc gks tk,xhA ;g lgh gS fd vc mÙkjh vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa vf/dkf/d yksx

[kkus ds LokLF;çn rsyksa ([kkldj tSrwu ds rsy) dh vksj eqM+ jgs gSaA lkFk gh dqN ;wjksih ns'kksa esa

;qok ih<+h esa ls 50 çfr'kr ;qod vkSj ;qorh iw.kZr% 'kkdkgkjh gks x, gSaA ysfdu tgka mÙkjh fo'o

LokLF; ds çfr lpsr gksus ds dkj.k viuk [kku&iku lq/kj jgk gS] ogha nf{k.kh fo'o esa [kkuiku dh

vknrsa fcxM+ jgh gSa vkSj LokLF; ds fy, [krjk iSnk dj jgh gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh yksx 'kkdkgkj NksM+dj

ekalkgkj dh vksj c<+ jgs gSa vkSj Hkkstu esa [kkus ds vLokLF;çn rsyksa dks viuk jgs gSaA

fo'o LokLF; laxBu (WHO) us fglkc yxk;k gS fd ,f'k;kbZ] vizQhdh vkSj nf{k.k vejhdh

ns'kksa esa ân;fodkjksa ds dkj.k gksus okyh ekSrsa lu~ 2020 rd 140 yk[k çfro"kZ ls vf/d gks tk,axhA

ân;fodkjksa ds dkj.k gksus okyh bu ekSrksa dks [kkus ds LokLF;çn rsy viukdj jksdk tk ldrk gSA

buesa tSrwu dk rsy] djM+h (lSiQÝyksoj) dk rsy] ljlksa dk rsy] ewaxiQyh dk rsy vkfn eq[; gSA

tSrwu ds vykok vkSj Hkh dbZ o`{kksa ds chtksa dk rsy [kkus ds fy, mÙke ik;k x;k gSA o`{k[ksrh ls

budh iSnkokj c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA

tSrwu dk rsy /efu;ksa esa #dkoV dks jksdus ds vykok dSalj gksus dk [krjk Hkh de djrk gSA

,d egRoiw.kZ vè;;u esa crk;k x;k gS fd tks fL=k;ka fnu esa ,dkf/d ckj tSrwu ds rsy dk lsou

djrh gSa] muesa Lru&dSalj gksus dh laHkkouk 45 çfr'kr de gks tkrh gSA tSrwu dk rsy isV esa vYlj

vkSj fiÙkk'k; dh iFkfj;ksa dh vk'kadk ?kVkrk gSA ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj tSrwu ds rsy esa idk;k x;k

Hkkstu viuk iks"kd&eku vU; rsyksa esa idk;s Hkkstu dh vis{kk T;knk nsj rd cuk, j[krk gSA tSrwu

dk rsy cgqr vPNk fçtosZfVo gS vkSj uhcw rFkk ikuh ds lkFk feykdj bldk mi;ksx ty tkus ij

mipkj ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

196

Hkweè;lkxjh; {ks=k ls ysdj vizQhdk ds /qj nf{k.kh Nksj rd tSrwu dh reke fdLesa mxkbZ tkrh

gSaA bl Lih'kht dks dk;ns ls vizQhdu vksfyo dguk pkfg, u fd ;wjksfi;u vksfyo] D;ksafd blds

T;knkrj isM+ rks vizQhdk esa gh mxrs gSaA gkykafd blds vykok Hkh vizQhdk esa tSrwu ds isM+ksa dh

vusd nwljh fdLesa Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSa] tks [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djrh gS vkSj ;wjksi ;k eè;iwoZ esa ugha

mxrhaA

;wjksfi;u vksfyo ds isM+ 1500 ls 2000 lky rd mxrs jgrs gSaA iqjkus isM+ cM+s 'kkunkj yxrs

gSaA muds ruksa vkSj 'kk[kkvksa ij cM+h&cM+h xkaBs cu tkrh gS] ftlls mUgsa nwljs isM+ksa ls vyx igpkuus

esa drbZ Hkwy ugha gks ldrhA os dHkh cgqr yacs ugha gksrs vkSj 15 ehVj ls Åaps ugha c<+rsA vizQhdu

vksfyo ds dqN isM+ tSls fd bZLV vizQhdu vksfyo (vksfy;k gksdLVhVsjh) ;k ,Yxksu vksfyo (vksfy;k

osyfoV~'pkbZ) ds isM+ dkiQh yackbZ xzg.k dj ysrs gSa & 30&30 ehVj rdA

bl le; ftu O;kikfjd Hkweè;lkxjh; tSrwuksa dh o`{k[ksrh gks jgh gS] mUgsa tkM+ksa esa vis{kkd`r

de rkieku dh t:jr jgrh gSA Åaps igkM+h bykdksa esa budh o`{k[ksrh nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa dh tk

ldrh gSA m".kdfVca/h; vkSj miks".kdfVca/h; rykÅa tehuksa esa Hkh tSrwu dh o`{k [ksrh dh tk ldrh

gS] ysfdu blds fy, vksfy;k ;wjksfi;k dh vizQhdkuk mitkfr rFkk vU; vizQhdh çtkfr;ka pquh tk

ldrh gSaA gka] bu Lih'kht esa dqN p;ukRed çtuu dk;Z djds buds iQyksa dk vkdkj rFkk rsy dh

DokfyVh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA vkxs dqN le; ckn bl rjg ds ?kjsywdj.k rFkk çtuu dk;ZØe iwjh

nqfu;k esa tu LokLF; ij vPNk vlj Mky ldrs gSaA

tSrwu ds isM+ksa dk cM+k 'kkunkj bfrgkl jgk gS] ysfdu buds lqugjs fnu rks vHkh vkus okys gSaA

vxys 100 lkyksa esa Hkh vxj nqfu;k ds lHkh ns'kksa esa [kkus ds uqdlkunsg rsyksa dh ctk; LokLF;çn

rsy viuk fy, tk,a rks tu&LokLF;] ifjfLFkfrdh vkSj vkfFkZd n`f"V ls ;g cgqr gh vPNk jgsxkA

blds fy, tSrwu dh taxyh vizQhdh çtkfr;ksa dk ?kjsywdj.k djuk gksxk] Hkweè;lkxjh; tSrwuksa dks

197

,f'k;k ds igkM+h {ks=kksa esa mxkuk gksxk rFkk vU; ykHkdkjh fryguh o`{kksa ds cht vkSj iQyksa ls

LokLF;çn [kkus dk rsy fodflr djuk gksxkA ;fn Hkfo"; esa lcdks oSls gh LokLF;nk;d rsy lLrs

fey tk,a] ftudk iQk;nk vHkh Hkweè;lkxjh; ns'kksa esa mBk;k tk jgk gS] rks lalkj ds yksx vf/d o"kksZa

rd LoLFk thou fcrk ldsaxsA

vkez dqy (,ukdkfMZ,lh)

vkez dqy esa yxHkx 600 Lih'kht 'kkfey gSa] tks vf/drj xeZ bykdksa esa mxrh gSaA bl lanHkZ

esa ge dsoy nks dk mYys[k djuk pkgsaxs % vke (eSathiQjk bafMdk) vkSj ek:yk (LDysjksdSfj;k dkizQk)A

fo'o dk lcls cM+k vke dk isM+ Hkkjr esa vEckyk ds cqjSy xkao esa mx jgk gSA bldks xkao

okyksa us NIij dk uke ns fn;k gS] D;ksafd ;g cgqrksa dks Nk;k nsrk gSA bl vke dh 'kk[kk&ç'kk[kk,a

2700 oxZ xt esa iQSyh gqbZ gSaA ,d ekSle esa bl isM+ ls 450 eu ;kuh 175 fDoaVy rd vke fey

tkrs gSaA

eSaxks 'kCn rfey ds ekM+axk ls cuk gSA ey; Hkk"kk esa ;gh eaXxk cu x;k vkSj iqrZxkyh esa

ekaxkA eSathiQsjk bafMdk dk eryc gS Hkkjr dk vke/kjh o`{kA vke ds fy, laLd`r 'kCn gS vkez] ftldk

,d vFkZ otu dh [kkl bdkbZ Hkh gSA

Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k vkSj E;kaekj dk bykdk vke dk mRifÙk&LFky ekuk tkrk gSA Hkkjr eas vke

dh ckxckuh fiNys dksbZ 4000 ls 6000 o"kksZa ls gks jgh gSA bZlk iwoZ 327 esa tc fldanj dh lsuk

fla/q ?kkVh esa igqaph rks mlus vke ds isM+ mxrs ns[ksA 150 bZ-iw- esa fufeZr Hkjgqr vkSj lkaph ds Lrwiksa

ij vkez o`{kksa vkSj iQyksa dh vkd`fr;ka mRdh.kZ dh xbZ feyh gSA 14oha lnh esa vjc lkSnkxj vkeksa dks

vizQhdk ds iwohZ rV rd ys x, vkSj rc ls ;g iwjs vizQhdh egk}hi esa iQSy x;k gSA ;g vf/drj

198

nf{k.kiwohZ ,f'k;kbZ vkSj nf{k.k vejhdh ns'kksa esa mxk;k tkrk gSA iatkc esa 500 o"kksZa ls iqjkus vke ds

isM+ feyrs gSa tks fd vc Hkh iQyksa dh vPNh iQly ns jgs gSaA

vusd vizQhdh ns'kksa esa vke dk iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls cM+k egRo gSA bldh lcls cM+h [kwch ;g

gS fd o"kkZ dk ekSle 'kq: gksrs gh vke ds isM+ iQyksa ls yn tkrs gSa] tc xzkeh.k bykdksa esa [kkus

yk;d lkexzh de gksrh gSA ?kjksa esa tek [kk|kUu Hkh [kRe gksus yxrs gSaA iQy ds xwns dk dSyksjh&eku

vkyw ls FkksM+k gh de gS vkSj blesa dqN çksVhu Hkh gksrk gSA vke ds iQyksa esa foVkfeu ^,* vkSj ^lh*

cgqrk;r ls feyrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k Hkh ekuo&LokLF; ds fy, budk egRo c<+ tkrk gSA vizQhdh

egk}hi esa ,sls vusd {ks=k gSa] tgka ls vke ds flok ckdh lHkh ;k yxHkx lHkh isM+ dkV fn, x, gSaA

dgha&dgha rks chp esa iQlysa vkSj fdukjksa ij vke ds isM+ksa okyh o`{k[ksrh vizQhdk esa nfl;ksa gh ugha

lSdM+ksa fdyksehVj rd Hkh fey tk,xhA chp esa dksbZ vkSj isM+ ughaA

fgUnw&ckS¼ xkFkkvksa esa vke dks cgqr ifo=k o`{k ekuk x;k gSA fgUnw/eZ esa vke dks bPNkiwjh

djus okyk isM+ ekuk x;k gS rFkk ;g çse vkSj leiZ.k dk çrhd gSA bls çtkifr dk vorkj Hkh dgk

x;k gS tks leLr l`f"V ds jpf;rk gSaA blds iQwy pUæek ij p<+k, tkrs gSaA

nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds vusd ewy fuoklh o`{kksa ds lkFk çrhdkRed fookg jpkrs gSaA bl çdkj ds

mRloksa esa nwYgk rks çk;% vke ds o`{k ds lkFk vkSj nqfYgu egqvk (e/wdk bafMdk) ds lkFk 'kknh

djrh gSaA nwYgk&nqfYgu nksuksa bu o`{kksa dh lkr ckj ifjØek djrs gSaA bu lkr iQsjksa ds ckn gh fookg

dh jLe iwjh gksrh gSA nwYgk vke ds rus dh Nky ij flanwj yxkdj mldk vkfyaxu djrk gSA nqfYgu

;gh fØ;k egqvk ds lkFk nqgjkrh gSA blds ckn mudh vkil esa 'kknh dh tkrh gSA ;g ekuk tkrk gS

fd blds ckn mudk fookg laca/ rc rd dk;e jgsxk tc rd ftuls iQsjs Mkys x, os o`{k thfor

gSaA

199

,d vkSj dFkk ;g gS fd vke dk o`{k guqeku th yadk ls m[kkM+dj yk, FksA lhrkth dks

jke dk lans'k igqapkus ds fy, guqeku th yadk esa bl isM+ ls ml isM+ ij Nykax yxkrs lhrk ekrk

dh ryk'k dj jgs FksA dqN le; ds fy, mUgksaus vke ds ,d isM+ ij foJke fd;kA os vke dh

lqxa/ vkSj lqanjrk ls brus çHkkfor gq, fd dqN vke rksM+dj pwls vkSj xqBfy;ka leqæ esa iQsad nhaA

;gh rSjrh gqbZ Hkkjr ds rV ij vk yxh vkSj bl rjg Hkkjr esa vkeksa ds o`{k mxus 'kq: gq,A

;g Hkh fo'okl fd;k tkrk gS fd f'ko vkSj ikoZrh dk fookg Hkh ^veok rys* gh gqvk FkkA

blhfy, Hkkjr esa fookg ds i.Mkyksa esa vke dh ifÙk;ksa ds canuokj ltk, tkrs gSaA vke dh ydM+h

fprk tykus esa bLrseky dh tkrh gSA xkao okyksa dk ekuuk gS fd gj u, f'k'kq tUe ds lkFk vke ds

isM+ esa ubZ dksaiysa iQwVrh gSaA blfy, ftl ?kj esa csVk iSnk gqvk gS mlds }kj ij vke dh ifÙk;ksa ds

canuokj Vkax fn, tkrs gSaA

e`r iwoZtksa dh vkRekvksa dk fuokl Hkh vke ds isM+ esa gh ekuk tkrk gSA ckth jko ds iwoZtksa

us lu~ 1772 esa ejkBk is'kok ukjk;.k jko dh gR;k dj nh Fkh vkSj mldk jkT; gfFk;k fy;k FkkA

ckth jko dks yxrk Fkk fd ukjk;.k jko dk Hkwr mUgsa Mjkrk jgrk gSA rc ckth jko us iq.ks ds pkjksa

vksj vke ds dbZ gtkj isM+ yxok fn, rkfd Øq¼ vkRek,a vke ds bu isM+ksa esa jgs vkSj egy esa u

vk,aA

vke dk ,d vizQhdh laca/h gS ek:yk (LDysjksdSfj;k dkizQk)A ;g fo'o ds lcls egRoiw.kZ

dkcZu&lap;&o`{kksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd ;g cM+h Hkkjh ek=kk esa ikSf"Vd iQy vkSj

xqByh vR;ar lw[kh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh iSnk dj ldrk gSA

ek:yk fo'o ds lcls çkphu e#LFkyksa&dkykgkjh vkSj ukfec dk fuoklh gSA nf{k.k vizQhdk

ds ;s jsfxLrku 8 djksM+ o"kZ iqjkus gSa] ,slk ekuk tkrk gSA fo'o ds fdlh vU; Hkkx dh vis{kk ;gka

ij mxs isM+&ikS/ksa dks 'kq"d n'kkvksa ds vuqdwy Lo;a dks <kyus ds fy, lcls vf/d le; feykA

200

;gh dkj.k gS fd bl bykds esa ,slh vusd ouLifr;ka feyrh gSa] tks [kk|&mRiknd gSa vkSj lw[kh ls

lw[kh fLFkfr;ksa esa iSnkokj nsrh jgrh gSaA buesa lcls mYys[kuh; o`{k gSa & ek#yk] ekaxksaxks] ckvksckc

vkSj taxyh ukjafx;kaA

;ksa gh pqu fy;k x;k dksbZ Hkh ek#yk o`{k vius o;Ld voLFkk esa çfr o`{k 550 fdyksxzke

rd iQy iSnk djrs ik;k x;k gSA ysfdu dqN vPNh fdLesa vkSj Hkh Hkkjh ek=kk esa iQy iSnk djrh gSaA

ukehfc;k esa ,d ,slk ek#yk gS tks ,d ckj ds iQyr ekSle esa 4500 fdyksxzke rd iQy iSnk djrk

gSA

ek#yk dk iQy vR;ar ikSf"Vd [kkus ;ksX; xqByh Hkh iSnk djrk gSA ;g vkdkj esa gstyuV ds

cjkcj gksrh gSA vkerkSj ij ftu cPpksa dks c<+okj ds fy, çksVhu dh t:jr gS mudks ek#yk dh

xqByh f[kykbZ tkrh gSA ftu xkaoksa esa ek#yk ds o`{k mxrs ik, x, gSa] ogka ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k fd ogka

ds cPps vf/d â"V&iq"V gSaA ek#yk dh xqByh ,d rjg dh esok gh gS] ftlesa 55 çfr'kr rsy ik;k

tkrk gSA bl rsy dk 70 çfr'kr vksfyd ,flM ds :i esa vkSj vkB çfr'kr fyuksfyd ,flM ds :i

esa gksrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk ;g rsy fu'p; gh [kkus ds Kkr rsyksa esa lcls vf/d LokLF;çn

rsyksa esa ls gSA ek#yk ds iQy ds xwns esa larjksa ls pkSxquk foVkfeu ^lh* gksrk gSA

ysfdu ek#yk dk taxyh iQy cgqr NksVk gksrk gSA ,sls iQyksa dk vkSlr otu 18 xzke gksrk

gSA iQy NksVk gksus ds dkj.k mudks [kkus esa Hkh fnDdr vkrh gSA osYM çksMDV~l fjlpZ ,.M

Msoyies.V (VPRD) ds }kjk cksRlokuk esa djk, x, ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj iQy dk ek=k 6-47

çfr'kr fgLlk gh [kkus ;ksX; gS] ftlesa xwnk gksrk gSA blh rjg xqByh dk dsoy rhu çfr'kr Hkkx gh

[kk;k tk ldrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa iQy ds [kk| rFkk v[kk| Hkkxksa dk vuqikr cgqr çfrdwy gS%

taxyh iQy dk 90 çfr'kr ls vf/d Hkkx v[kk| fNydk vkSj xqByh dk [kksy gSA

201

blfy, taxyh ek#yk o`{kksa ds iQy vf/drj rks foVkfeu cgqy jl ;k fiQj 'kjkc [khapus esa

bLrseky fd, tkrs gSa (D;ksafd iQyksa ds jl esa 'kdZjk dkiQh gksrh gS)A blds vykok budh xqBfy;ksa

ls vR;ar ikSf"Vd rsy Hkh fudkyk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu blds fy, dkiQh 'kks/ djus dh t:jr gS]

D;ksafd iQy cgqr NksVs gksrs gSaA

lh-bZ-Mh- dh vkfFkZd lgk;rk ls osYM çksMDV~l fjlpZ ,.M Msoyies.V (oh-ih-vkj-Mh-) us

,slh taxyh fdLesa NkaVus dh ,d çk;kstuk pykbZ gS] ftuds iQy cM+s gksrs gSaA bl çk;kstuk ds rgr~

NkaVh xbZ loksZÙke fdLeksa ds ek#y o`{kksa esa 70 ls 100 xzke otu okys iQy feys gSa vkSj bu iQyksa esa

[kkus ;ksX; Hkkx 50 çfr'kr ls vf/d gksrk gSA ;kuh taxyh iQyksa ds vkSlr ls dksbZ ikap ;k Ng xqukA

bl çk;kstuk dk vafre y{; ;g gksrk gS fd pquhank isM+ksa dh dye yxkdj mudh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,

vkSj ladj.k }kjk Hkh lq/kj fd;k tk, D;ksafd ek#yk ds isM+ksa esa uj vkSj eknk iQwy vyx&vyx isM+ksa

ij yxrs gSaA

oh-ih-vkj-Mh- us ,d vkSj ijh{k.k 'kq: fd;k gS] ftlesa pquhank ek#yk o`{k 10x15 ehVj ds

varjky ij yxkdj çfr gSDVj 60 isM+ yxk, tkrs gSaA taxyh isM+ksa esa blls igys fd, x, losZ{k.k ds

vuqlkj bl o`{k&la[;k ls çfr o`{k 500 ls 700 fdyksxzke iQy feyus pkfg,A vxj ;g ijh{k.k

liQy jgk rks ckjkuh o`{k [ksrh esa ;ksa lef>, fd ,d eè;e vkdkj dh Økafr dk lw=kikr gks tk,xkA

ifjiDo ek#y o`{k 15&20 ehVj yacs gks tkrs gSa vkSj vis{kkd`r eksVk ruk cukrs gSaA ysfdu

eksaxkasxks ds o`{kksa dh rqyuk esa os dqN NksVs gh jgrs gSaA

cq¼ vkSj okuj

egkdfi tkrd ls% ,d le; dh ckr gS fd cq¼ dk tUe egkdfi ds :i esa gqvkA os okujksa

ds jktk FksA os vkSj muds 80]000 okuj xaxk unh ds fdukjs ,d gh vke ds isM+ ij fuokl djrs FksA

ogka dk taxy cM+k ?kuk FkkA taxy ds chpkschp ;g isM+ [kM+k FkkA

202

egkdfi dk okujksa ds fy, ;g vkns'k Fkk fd ,d Hkh vke tehu ij u fxjus nsaA ^^vxj

fdlh vkneh us bldk iQy p[k fy;k**] egkdfi us psrkouh nh] ^^rks fiQj og lkjs iQy [kkuk

pkgsxk vkSj blds fy, ge lcdks ekj nsxkA**

,d fnu okujksa dh fuxkg pwd xbZ vkSj ,d vke isM+ ls uhps Vid x;kA og unh esa tk

fxjk vkSj cgrs&cgrs xaxk th dh /kjk ds lkFk dk'kh rd tk igqapkA dk'kh ds jktk czãnÙk ml le;

xaxk th esa ugk jgs FksA mUgksaus ikuh esa ,d vuwBk iQy rSjrs gq, ns[kk rks rSjdj mlds ikl igqaps vkSj

ikuh ls fudky fy;kA mUgksaus lwa?kk rks iQy fcYdqy rktk FkkA iQy dks nckdj mldk jl p[kkA

vke ds jl dk ehBk Lokn jktk dks Hkk x;kA ml isM+ dk irk yxkuk pkfg,] ftlus ,sls

ehBs iQy dks iSnk fd;k] jktk us vkns'k fn;kA jktk dh vkKk ls muds njckjh çokg dh myVh fn'kk

esa uko dks [ksrs gq, ,l isM+ dh ryk'k esa fudy iM+sA unh ds fdukjs&fdukjs mlh fn'kk esa jktk dh

lsuk pyhA

dqN fnu ckn jktk lfgr lHkh yksx isM+ ds ikl tk igqapsA og iQyksa ls ynk gqvk FkkA ^isM+

dks ?ksj yks]* jktk us vkns'k fn;k] ^lHkh canjksa dks ekj nks] ugha rks os gekjs fgLls ds lHkh iQy [kk

tk,axsA*

Mj ds ekjs dkairs gq, lHkh okuj vius jktk egkdfi ds ikl igqaps] ^gs egkjkt gesa cpkb,]*

os jktk ds lkeus gkFk tksM+dj [kM+s gks x,A

egkdfi o`{k dh ,d 'kk[kk ij p<+s vkSj mls xaxk ds nwljs fdukjs dh vksj >qdk fn;kA ml

ij ls mNky ekj dj os ml ikj tk igqapsA fiQj mUgkasus ,d ckal dkVk vkSj bl 'kk[kk ls cka/ fn;kA

fiQj 'kk[kk dks >qdkdj iqy&lk cuk fn;kA vHkh ml fdukjs rd igqapus esa dlj jg xbZ Fkh] tks

mUgksaus ckal idM+dj [kqn >qd dj iwjh dhA

203

bl 'kk[kk] ckal vkSj mudh nsg ds iqy ij ls lkjs canj ml ikj mrj x,A jktk dh lsuk bl

ikj mUgsa rkdrh jg xbZA ysfdu cq¼ dk ,d ppsjk HkkbZ nsonÙk muls tyrk FkkA mls Hkh bl tUe esa

ckuj dk 'kjhj feykA tc mldk uacj vk;k rks egkdfi dh dej ij brus tksj ls dwnk fd mudh

dej VwV xbZA

egkdfi ogka vdsys iM+s nnZ ls djkgrs jgsA jktk czãnÙk okujksa dk ml ikj tkuk vkSj

egkdfi dk pksV [kkuk ns[k jgs FksA muds eu esa egkdfi ds çfr lEeku dk Hkko txk] D;ksafd viuh

çtk dh j{kk ds fy, egkdfi us viuh tku dh ckth yxk nh FkhA os mUgsa cM+s vknj ls o`{k dh

ml 'kk[kk ls uhps mrkj yk,A

egkdfi dh iwjs jktdh; lEeku ds lkFk egy esa ykdj lsok dh xbZA mUgas ugyk dj 'kjhj

ij rsy dh ekfy'k dh xbZA diM+s iguk, x,A ysfdu dej dk nnZ vlg~; gks x;k vkSj mlh ihM+k

esa egkdfi us çk.k R;kx fn,A jktk czãnÙk us mlh vke ds isM+ ds uhps egkdfi dh lekf/ cuok

nhA bl rjg ml egku okuj jktk dh Le`fr dks lnk ds fy, vej cuk fn;kA

jktdqekjh tks vke dk isM+ cu xbZ

Hkxoku lw;Z ukjk;.k dh rstLoh iq=kh dk fookg ,d lqanj jktdqekj ds lkFk gqvk FkkA ,d

fnu tc og taxy eas tk jgh Fkha] rks ,d jk{klh mlds ihNs iM+ xbZA jkuh cM+h rst nkSM+dj mlls

cpus dh dksf'k'k djus yxh] ysfdu jk{klh ihNk djrs&djrs muds cgqr ikl vk xbZA mlls cpus dk

dksbZ vkSj mik; u ikdj jkuh ikl ds rkykc esa dey dk iQwy cu xbZA

jk{klh rkykc esa ugha tk ikbZA mls rSjuk ugha vkrk Fkk blfy, og fdukjs ij cSBdj pkSdlh

djus yxh fd dgha fiQj ls jkuh cudj og Hkkx u tk,A m/j tc jkuh egy esa ugha igqaph rks jktk

Hkh vius ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj mls [kkstus fudy iM+kA og viuh jkuh ls cgqr I;kj djrk FkkA

204

<wa<+rs&<wa<+rs og ml taxy esa tk igqapkA taxy ds chp ljksoj ds fudV igqapk rks mldh utj ml

rkykc esa f[kys dey ds laqnj iQwy ij iM+hA mlus lkspk fd bl iQwy dks rks vius egy esa ys tkuk

gksxkA og rkykc esa dwn iM+k vkSj rSjrk gqvk dey ds iQwy ds ikl tk igqapk vkSj mls rkykc esa ls

m[kkM+ fy;kA vc jk{klh rks xqLls ls vkx ccwyk gks xbZA mlus viuh yky&yky vka[ksa dey ds

iQwy ij tek nha] rks iQwy ty x;kA jktk cM+s vpjt esa iM+k D;ksafd jk{klh rks mls utj ugha vkbZA

og ?kcjk x;k vkSj iQwy dh jk[k ogha rky ds fdukjs ij j[kdj ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj egy ykSV

x;kA jk{klh Hkh okil pyh xbZ fd pyks jkuh tydj HkLe gks xbZA

ml dey ds iQwy cuh jkuh dh jk[k tgka j[kh xbZ Fkh] ogha ij vke dk ,d isM+ mx

vk;kA dqN lky ckn jktk fiQj ogha ls xqtjkA og vc Hkh viuh fcNqM+h jkuh dks [kkst jgk FkkA

mlus vke dk isM+ ns[kk vkSj ml ij yxs laqnj iQy ns[ksA ,d idk iQy mlus rksM+ fy;k fd ^vius

njckfj;ksa dks fn[kkÅaxkA ,slk lqanj iQy fdlh us Hkh ugha ns[kk gksxkA*

ysfdu tc og iQy dks ea=kh ds gkFk esa idM+k jgk Fkk rks og tehu ij fxj iM+kA mlesa ls

rqjar lw;Ziq=kh çdV gqbZA jktk rks iQwyk u lek;kA mls vkf[kjdkj mldh jkuh fey gh xbZA mlds ckn

os cM+s lq[k&pSu ls jgus yxsA

;wiQksfcZ;k dqy (;wiQksfcZ,lh)

;wiQksfcZ;k dqy cgqr cM+k gS vkSj blesa fofo/rk Hkh cgqr gSA blesa dqy feykdj 5000 ds

djhc isM+] >kfM+;ka vkSj 'kkdh; ouLifr;ka gSaA ysfdu ;gka bl dqy dk mYys[k ge fo'ks"k :i ls

ekasxksaxks uV Vªh (f'kaftvksiQkbVksu jkWVkusuh) ds lanHkZ esa dj jgs gSa] D;ksafd Hkfo"; esa 'kq"dHkwfe ij

o`{k[ksrh esa blh isM+ dsk fljekSj cuuk gSA

205

ckvksckc ds ckn eksaxksaxks gh nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k isM+ gS] tks fd vizQhdk ds lw[ks bykdksa esa

HkyhHkkafr iQy&iQwy ldrk gSA vDlj ;s 20 ehVj ls yack vkSj nks ehVj rd O;kl dk gks tkrk gSA

nf{k.k vizQhdk ds v/Z'kq"d {ks=kksa esa cyqbZ fefV~V;ksa esa eksaxksaxks cyqbZ fefV~V;ksa esa mxrk gSA ,d

iqjkuh yksdxkFkk ds vuqlkj vkfnokfl;ksa us dHkh [ksrhckM+h dh vksj è;ku gh ugha fn;k D;ksafd

^^nqfu;k esa [kkus ds fy, ekasxksaxks ds esok dh Hkjekj gSA** ysfdu orZeku dky esa dqN ns'kksa esa rks

ekasxkasxks ds o`{k fcYdqy fojy gh gks x, gSa & cl bDdk&nqDdk isM+ cps gSaA blfy, budh o`{k [ksrh

dks c<+kus dk ;g lcls cM+k rdZ gSA

bl isM+ ds iQy esa [kkus ;ksX; xwns dh ijr cM+h iryh gksrh gSA ysfdu blesa [kfut]

foVkfeu vkSj çksVhu dwVdwVdj Hkjs gksrs gSaA foVkfeu ^ch* vkSj izksVhu xsgwa rFkk nwljs vuktksa ds cjkcj

gksrk gSA eksaxksaxks Hkh fo'o ds lcls vf/d rsy okys o`{kksa esa 'kkfey gSA bldh Lokfn"V xqByh dk

vkdkj gstyuV ds cjkcj gh gksrk gS vkSj muesa 57&63 çfr'kr [kkus dk rsy gksrk gSA buesa çksVhu

dh ek=kk Hkh dkiQh T;knk gksrh gS vkSj dSyksjh&eku pkoy ls nqxuk gksrk gSA rsy fudkyus ds ckn

cph [kyh esa 60 çfr'kr ls T;knk çksVhu gksrk gSA ;g çksVhu ewaxiQyh] fcukSys ;k lks;kchu dh [kyh

ls Hkh T;knk gSA rsy esa 18 çfr'kr vksfyd vkSj 42 çfr'kr fyuksfyd ,flM gksrk gSA bldk eryc

;g gS fd ekaxksaxks dk rsy Hkh LokLF; ds fy, ykHkçn gS] ysfdu mruk ugha ftruk fd ek#yk dk

rsy ikSf"Vd gksrk gSA

ekuo foKkuh vkjchyh us cgqr igys fd, x, ,d vè;;u esa crk;k Fkk fd o;Ld eksaxksaxks

o`{k çfr o"kZ 20]000 ls 60]000 iQy nsrs gSa vkSj gj iQy dk vkSlr otu yxHkx 10 xzke gksrk gSA

bl rjg o"kZ Hkj esa çfr o`{k 200 vkSj 600 fdyksxzke ds yxHkx mit gksrh gSA vxj Åaph fdLe ds

isM+ NkaVdj p;u&çtuu rFkk ladj.k fd;k tk, rks cM+s vkdkj okys iQyksa dks vf/d mit nsus okys

isM+ fodflr fd, tk ldrs gSaA iQy esa [kkus ;ksX; fgLls dk vuqikr Hkh c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA taxyh

206

iQy esa [kkus ;ksX; xwnk] iQy ds otu dk vkSlru 27 çfr'kr rd gksrk gS & vkSj xqByh ds otu

dk 9 çfr'kr gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa iQy 64 çfr'kr Hkkx v[kk| gksrk gSA

ysfdu çtuu ds ç;klksa esa eksaxksaxks ds isM+ ds };kSdlh (dioecious) gksus ls ck/k iM+rh gSA

;kuh blesa uj vkSj eknk iQwy vyx&vyx isM+ksa ij yxrs gSaA blls ,sls uj o`{k NkaVus esa cM+k le;

yx tkrk gS] tks okafNr xq.k ykus vkSj iQyksa dh xq.koÙkk c<+kus esa lgk;d gksaA

dlkok (eSuhgksV ,Ldqys.Vk) ftls Vsfivksdk Hkh dgrs gSa] ikS/ksa ds blh dqy dk lnL; gSA ;g

isM+ ugha gksrk] cfYd ,d fdLe dh >kM+h gS] ftldk ruk dkf"By gksrk gS vkSj tM+sa vis{kkd`r xgjh

tkrh gSaA dlkok Hkh lw[kk lg ldrk gS vkSj lw[ks bykdksa rFkk de mitkÅ fefV~V;ksa esa Hkh mx

ldrk gS] tgka iQly okys ,d o"khZ ikS/s 'kk;n gh mx ldsaA çfr gSDVj vk/kj ij dlkok eDdks ls

nqxuh&frxquh vf/d dSyksjh iSnk dj ldrk gSA dlkok jksius vkSj dVkbZ djus ds fygkt+ ls Hkh dkiQh

vkxs&ihNs fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds tM+kSans ;k dan [kk, tkrs gSa vkSj os 12 eghuksa esa rS;kj gks tkrs

gSa] ysfdu mudks tehu esa nks lkyksa rd NksM+k tk ldrk gSA bl rjg vla[; xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dh

[kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, ;g cM+k egRoiw.kZ ikS/k gSA tc t:jr iM+h [kksn fy;kA

dlkok ds dan nf{k.k vejhdk ds fdlkuksa us 'kk;n lcls igys eq[; Hkkstu ds :i esa

viuk, FksA yxrk ;gh gS fd dlkok dh [ksrh dksbZ 4000 lky igys is: esa 'kq: dh xbZ FkhA

ekuo&vkgkj esa mi;ksx dh n`f"V ls viuh dSyksjh vkSj dkcksZgkbMsªV ds fy, dlkok nqfu;k esa rhljs

;k pkSFks uacj dh lcls egRoiw.kZ iQly gSA bldh ifÙk;ka Hkh [kkbZ tk ldrh gSaA muesa çksVhu vkSj

foVkfeu ^,* dh ek=kk dkiQh ikbZ tkrh gSA bldks [kkus ls [kklrkSj ls cPpksa ds iks"k.k vkSj LokLF;

ij cM+k vPNk vlj iM+rk gS] ftuds fy, bls nwljs vkgkjksa ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

;g dksbZ 30 djksM+ yksxksa dk eq[; Hkkstu gS] fiQj Hkh lu~ 1970 ds ckn ds n'kd ls igys

oSKkfud vuqla/ku esa dlkok ij dksbZ [kkl è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA lu~ 1980 ds ckn ds n'kd esa

207

if'pe vizQhdk esa dlkok dh okf"kZd mit 6-8 Vu çfr gSDVj rd igqap xbZ FkhA ysfdu ;g ykfru

vejhdk esa feyus okyh mit ls dkiQh de FkhA dlkok dh de mit dk eq[; dkj.k vusd

dhVO;kf/;ka vkSj jksx gSa] tSls fd dlkok ekstSd okbjl] cSDVhfj;y CykbV] xzhu LikbMj ekbV vkSj

dlkok ehyhcxA dksfj;k ds çksxzke eSustj lkax dh gku vkSj muds lg;ksxh 'kks/drkZvksa us bcknku]

ukbthfj;k esa fLFkr b.Vjus'kuy bULVhV~;wV iQkWj Vªksihdy ,xzhdYpj (IITA) esa dke djrs gq, ,slh

fdLeksa ds fodkl dk ç;kl fd;k tks fcuk nok] fcuk jklk;fud moZjdksa ds vkSj fcuk dhVuk'kh

nokvksa ds jksxksa vkSj dhVO;kf/;ksa dk lkeuk dj ldsa vkSj vPNh mit nsaA

ukbthfj;k esa] vk'p;Z gS fd] d`f"k&foLrkj dh dksbZ lsok ugha gS vkSj ljdkjh vf/dkfj;ksa us

crk;k fd ukbthfj;k esa gj fdlku dlkok dh dbZ fdLesa viuk lds] blesa vHkh 100 lky dk

le; rks yx gh tk,xkA ysfdu os xyr lkfcr gq,A tSls gh fdlkuksa dks ubZ fdLeksa dk irk pyk]

mUgksaus cM+h rsth ls mudks viuk;k vkSj ,slk djus ls mUgsa dksbZ Hkh jksd ugha ik;kA

lakx dh gku us ubZ fdLeksa dh ikS/ ,d ykSjh esa Hkjh vkSj ckaVrk pyk x;kA bl rjg og fnu

Hkj esa 1000 fdlkuksa dks dlkok ds ikS/s ckaV nsrk FkkA ;g dksbZ cgqr cM+k dke ugha Fkk] D;ksafd

ukbthfj;k dh vkcknh yxHkx 12 djksM+ gSA ysfdu tc fdlkuksa dks ekywe gqvk fd ubZ fdLesa dlkok

ds vf/drj eq[; jksxksa vkSj dhVksa ds çfr jks/h gSa vkSj lw[ks ds fnuksa esa Hkh nwljh fdLeksa ls 50&100

çfr'kr rd vf/d mit nsrh gSa rks ubZ fdLesa ,sls iQSyha tSls taxy esa vkxA fdlkuksa us mudh ikS/

vius fj'rsnkjksa vkSj iM+ksfl;ksa esa [kqn gh ckaVuh 'kq: dj nhaA ubZ fdLesa jksius ds ckn] iqjkuh fdLeksa ls

vf/d yach&pkSM+h c<+okj ds lkFk mxhA bl rjg feV~Vh dk dVko jksdus esa Hkh vf/d enn djus

yxhA ;ks#ck ds fdlku rks bu fdLeksa ds çorZd vkSj çlkjd lkax dh gku ds çfr d`rKrk ds Hkko

ls brus Hkj x, fd mUgksaus bls ^lsfjdh vXos* ;kuh fdlkuksa ds jktk ds f[krkc ls lEekfur fd;kA

208

vkcuwl dqy (,chuslh)

vkcuwl dqy esa ,d egRoiw.kZ thul Mk;ksLikbjksl Lih- 'kkfey gSA ;g bcksuh ;k vkcuwl dh

e'kgwj ydM+h iSnk djrh gS vkSj blh esa vejhdu vkSj ,f'k;u ilhZeksu Hkh vkrs gSaA vly esa

Mk;ksLikbjksl oa'k esa dqy feykdj 400 çdkj dh fofHkUu çtkfr;ka 'kkfey gSaA

vesfjdu ilhZeksu (Mk;ksLikbjksl otZffuvkuk) vkSj ,f'k;u ilhZeksu (Mk;ksLikbjksl dkdh) cM+s

mRiknd iQy&o`{k gSa] tks fd gj lky çfr gSDVj 12 vkSj 18 Vu rd iQy iSnk djrs gSa vkSj budk

mRiknu vPNh rjg ls ns[kHkky djds fd;k tkrk gSA buls vPNh xq.koÙkk okyh bekjrh ydM+h Hkh

feyrh gSA

Mk;ksLikbjksl Lih- ds vusd taxyh laca/h Hkh [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djrs gSaA ysfdu iQy

?kjsyhd`r ilhZeksuks dh rqyuk esa cgqr NksVs gksrs gSaA vizQhdk esa Mk;ksLikbjksl ds isM+ksa dk lcls

egRoiw.kZ mRikn m".kdfVca/h; bekjrh ydM+h gh jgk gS] ges'kk lsA

iqjkus tekus esa vizQhdk ls vkbojh (gkFkhnkar) ds lkFk&lkFk bcksuh (vkcuwl dh ydM+h) dk

Hkh fu;kZr fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj ;s nksuksa gh phtsa cM+h dherh ekuh tkrh FkhaA vlyh dkyh vkcuwl

Mk;ksLikbjhl dh nks çtkfr;ksa ds isM+ksa ls feyrh gS&Mk;ksLikbjksl bcsfu;e vkSj Mk;ksLikbjksl jsVhdqysVkA ;s

nksuksa çtkfr;ka vf/drj uhy unh dh ?kkVh ds Åijh bykds esa mxrh gSaA ysfdu dqN vkSj Hkh

çtkfr;ka gSa] tks cs'kdherh vkcuwl iSnk djrh gSaA O;kikfjd 'kks"k.k ds dkj.k bekjrh ydM+h ds fy,

e'kgwj lcls egRoiw.kZ çtkfr vc cgqr nqyZHk gks xbZ gSA

tks ifjokj brus le`¼ ugha gSa] mudh n`f"V ls rks ,slh çtkfr;ka gh pkfg,] tks dherh bekjrh

ydM+h Hkh nsa vkSj iks"kd iQy Hkh nsaA xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, ;s isM+ ,d rjg ds cSad dk gh dke

djrk gS] tgka tek dh xbZ iwath c<+rh tkrh gS vkSj cM+s lkFkZd <ax ls mudh vkfFkZd lqj{kk c<+k nsrh

gSA ;s ifjokj vkcuwl ds vusd isM+ mxk ldrs gSa vkSj t:jr iM+us ij muesa ls ,dk/ dks dkV

209

ldrs gSa vkSj csp ldrs gSaA chekjh&gkjh] dksbZ nq?kZVuk] lw[kk ;k vdky tSls vkM+s fnuksa esa ;s isM+

mudk lgkjk cusaxsA

,slh foifÙk ds le; NksVs fdlku ds ikl vf/d fodYi ugha gksrsA vf/drj ekeyksa esa

fdlku viuh tehu dk dqN fgLlk csp nsrs gSaA blls csgrj gksxk fd os ml tehu ij mxs dherh

isM+ksa esa ls dqN csp nsaA bl rjg isM+ muds thou&chek cu tkrs gSaA

bl n`f"V ls vizQhdu bcksuh ;k tSdky cSjh (Mk;ksLikbjksl esfLiyhiQksfeZl) okLro esa cgqr

egRoiw.kZ çtkfr gSA ;s nf{k.k vizQhdk ds dqN cgqr [kwclwjr isM+ksa esa ls gSA bldh yackbZ 25&30

ehVj rd vkSj ?ksjk 1-5 ehVj rd c<+ tkrk gSA ydM+h etcwr vkSj dherh gksrh gSA iQyksa dk O;kl

<kbZ lsaVhehVj gksrk gS vkSj LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa esa os cM+s yksdfç; gSaA

blh ls ?kfu"B :i ls lacaf/r ,d Lih'kht gS Mk;ksLikbjksl esykukstkbyksuA bldks dksjkseaMy

bcksuh Hkh dgrs gSaA fganh esa ;g rsanw vkSj laLd`r esa nh?kZi=kd ;kuh pkSM+s iÙks okyh dgh tkrh gSA

[kkus ;ksX; iQy vkSj ifÙk;ksa ls chM+h cukus esa dke vkus ds dkj.k nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa bldk cM+k Hkkjh

vkfFkZd egRo gSA gkykafd chM+h ihuk LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd gS] ysfdu taxy ls rsanw ds iÙks

cVksjus vkSj cspus esa yxs vkfnoklh vkSj chM+h cukus esa yxh xjhc efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds fy, rks

thfodk dk ;gh lk/u gSA

iQyksa dk vkdkj vkSj mudh okf"kZd mit laHkor% p;ukRed çtuu ls c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA

,slh fdLesa fodflr djuh gksaxha tks lh/k vkSj yack ruk iSnk djsa vkSj vPNh ek=kk esa iQy iSnk djsaA

bl rjg ds isM+ xjhc ifjokjksa dh thfodk ds fy, ,d rjg ls thou&chek gS] blfy, budks cM+s

iSekus ij mxkuk cgqr t:jh gSA

210

vkcuwl dh ydM+h dkyh D;ksa \

xate ds dksaM vkfnokfl;ksa dh yksddFkk% tc /jrh ij çy; gqbZ rks ,d dksaM vkfnoklh

vkSj mldh iRuh us raqch ds vanj ?kqldj tku cpkbZA os vius lkFk dqN Vgfu;ka Hkh ys x, rkfd tc

ckgj fudysa rks vkx tykus ds fy, ydfM+;ksa dh ryk'k esa HkVduk u iM+sA vanj ?kqldj mUgksaus rqach

dk Nsn can dj fy;k vkSj lks x,A

dbZ fnu ckn mudh vka[k [kqyhA mUgksaus rqach dks rksM+k vkSj ckgj vkdj ns[kk fd çy; [kRe

gks xbZ Fkh vkSj ikuh lw[k x;k FkkA os vius lkFk tks Vgfu;ka ys x, Fks] mUgsa Hkh ckgj ys vk,A dksaM

us muesa vkx tykbZ vkSj nksuksa fiQj lks x,A

lqcg tc mBs rks dksaM vkSj mldh iRuh ;g ns[kus fudy iM+s fd ubZ nqfu;k dSlh clh gksxhA

mudh vuqifLFkfr esa ,d tyh Vguh ls tM+sa iQwV fudyha vkSj og mxus yxhA c<+rs&c<+rs og

vkcuwl (bcksuh) dk isM+ cu xbZA tc os okil ykSVs rks mUgksaus ml isM+ dks ns[kkA vkcuwl ;k rsanw

dh ydM+h blhfy, dkyh gS] D;kssafd bldk tUe ,d tyh Vguh ls gqvk FkkA

phM+ dqy (ikbuslh)

phM+ dqy esa ,sls 'kadq/kjh o`{k gSa tks mÙkjh v{kka'kksa esa igkM+h Hkkxksa esa mxrs gSaA gkykafd dqN

,slh çtkfr;ka gSa tks xeZ bykdksa esa Hkh mxrh gSa] ysfdu dkcZu&lap;&o`{kksa ds :i esa mÙkjh vkSj

'khrks".k ou {ks=kksa esa gh budk vf/d egRo gSA

phM+ dqy ds ikbul oa'k esa 18 Lih'kht gSa tks fd [kkus ;ksX; cht iSnk djrh gSaA bUgsa vaxzsth

esa fifu;u ikbu uV dgrs gSaA phM+ dh bl esok dk iks"k.k&eku cgqr vPNk gS vkSj bleas vkSlru 14

çfr'kr çksVhu] 21 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV vkSj 60 çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh gSA dkcZu&lap;&okfudh vkSj

[kk| mRiknu dh n`f"V ls lcls egRoiw.kZ Lih'kht dsEczk ikbu (ikbul dsEczk mitkfr flfcfjdk) gSA

211

dsEczk ikbu vU; phM+ksa ftruk yack ugha tkrkA cM+k&ls&cM+k isM+ 40 ehVj yack gh gksrk gSA ysfdu

;g yackbZ Hkh ;s isM+ vius çkd`frd vkokl ds /qj nf{k.k esa mxus ij gh xzg.k dj ikrs gSaA ysfdu

jkscsu o`{k (lkscZl vkWdwisfj;k) ds lkFk dsEczk phM+] ;s nksuksa gh lcls egRoiw.kZ [kk|nkrk o`{k gSa] tks

fd mÙkjh :l vkSj lkbcsfj;k esa Hkh mx ldrs gSa vkSj [kk| iQy iSnk dj ldrs gSaA budh lcls

'khrjks/h çtkfr;ka 'kwU; ls 70 fMxzh lsfYl;l ds uhps fcuk fdlh gkfu ds ftank jg ldrh gSaA

lkbcsfj;u dsEczk ikbu fo'o ds ,sls [kk|nkrk o`{kksa dh iafDr esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS tks

cgqr cM+h la[;k esa mxs gq, gSaA lkbcsfj;k ds fo'kky VSxkou esa 'kadq/kjh o`{kksa dh pkj çtkfr;ksa dk

lkezkT; gS] ;g ou 120 djksM+ gSDVj esa iQSyk gqvk gSA VSxk ou ds vf/dka'k {ks=k esa dsoy bUgha pkj

çtkfr;ksa ds o`{k mxrs gSa% ukosZ ds Lizwl dk lkbcsfj;kbZ çHksn (ikbfl;k ,cht)] lkbcsfj;u ykpZ

(ysfjDl flfcfjdk)] lkbcsfj;u iQj (,cht flfcfjdk) vkSj lkbcsfj;u dsEczk ikbuA LdkWV~likbu

(ikbul flYosflVªl) cgqr de ik;k tkrk gSA pkSM+s iÙks okys isM+ VSxk ds dsoy nf{k.kh Nksj ij mxrs

gSaA

lkbcsfj;k ds yksxksa us ges'kk dsEczk phM+ ds iQyksa&fiXuksfy;k&ds rsy ;qDr cht vdky ds

fnuksa ds vkgkj ds :i esa bLrseky fd, gSaA exj ,slk djds os ?kkVs esa gh jgs] D;ksafd iwjk fiXuksfy;k

iQy vf/d ikSf"Vd gS] D;ksafd mlesa vdsys chtksa ls vf/d çksVhu gksrk gSA lq[kk, fiXuksfy;k esa 31

çfr'kr çksVhu] 13 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV vkSj 48 çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh gSA phM+ iQy ds chtksa esa]

lkbcsfj;k ds dsEczk ikbu ds cht lcls cM+s gSa vkSj mudk ?ksjk ,d lsaVhehVj gksrk gSA

lu~ 1860 ds ckn ds n'kd esa :l ds lewps ns'k esa Hk;adj vdky iM+k Fkk] ftlesa nfl;ksa

yk[k yksx tku xaok cSBsA fiQuyS.M Hkh mu fnuksa :l ds lcls if'peh Hkkx esa vkrk Fkk vkSj ogka

Hkh 700]000 dh vkcknh esa ls 1]30]000 yksx ekjs x, FksA ysfdu lkbcsfj;k esa Hkw[k ls dksbZ ugha

ejkA ;g ns[kdj ogka ds 'kkld tkj (Czar) dks cM+k vpaHkk gqvk FkkA bldk dkj.k ;gh Fkk fd ogka

212

ds yksx vdky ds fnuksa esa fiXuksfy;k iQy [kkdj ftank jgsA rc tkj us iQjeku tkjh fd;k fd :l

esa gj txg cM+h la[;k esa gj txg dsEczk ikbu yxk, tk,aA

ysfdu tkj ds bl iQjeku dks mlds fliglkykjksa us vk/s eu ls ykxw fd;kA cgqr T;knk

dsEczk phM+ ugha yxk, x, vkSj bl ckr ij cgqr de è;ku fn;k x;k fd cht dgka ls vk;k vkSj

dgka yxk;k x;kA bl otg ls dsEczk ds cgqr ls isM+ mxus ds ckn o`f¼ #d tkus ds dkj.k fBxus jg

x, vkSj ns[kus esa rks ckSus yxrs gh Fks] mUgsa iwjs :l esa mxkus esa Hkh fdlh us dksbZ fnypLih ugha yhA

;g lpeqp cM+h 'kkspuh; fLFkfr Fkh] D;ksafd lkbcsfj;k ds ckgj Hkh dsEczk ds isM+ yxk fn, x, gksrs

rks mu nks&rhu djksM+ yksxksa dh tkusa cp tkrh tks çFke fo'o;q¼] :lh x`g ;q¼ vkSj nwljs egk;q¼

rFkk d`f"k ds tcju lewghdj.k ls iSnk gq, vdkyksa esa ekjs x, FksA

Hkkoh fge;qx esa dsEczk ikbu vR;ar egRoiw.kZ [kk|&mRiknd o`{k cu ldrk gSA vr% ;g

tkuuk Hkh fnypLi gksxk fd D;k p;ukRed çtuu ls blds [kk|&mRiknd xq.k vkSj lq/kjs tk ldrs

gSaA ,d gh vkdkj ds isM+ksa ls vyx&vyx la[;k esa iQy ('kadq) vkSj cht feyrs gSaA bl fofo/rk

dk vkaf'kd dkj.k vkuqoaf'kd gks ldrk gSA gkykafd esgur rks iM+sxh ysfdu nwljksa ls cM+s cht iSnk

djus okys isM+ NkaVuk mi;ksxh gksxkA dsEczk ikbu lkB lky dh mez ds ckn gh iQwy vkSj cht iSnk

djrs gSa] blfy, buds fy, çtuu dk;ZØe Hkh nh?kZdkyhu cukus iM+saxsA

dsEczk ikbu 600 ls 800 o"kksZa rd ftank jgrs gSaA ;g Lih'kht cgqr /hjs&/hjs c<+rh gS] ysfdu

bl ean o`f¼ ds iQyLo:i cgqr etcwr bekjrh ydM+h curh gS] tks vis{kkd`r gYdh gksrh gSA ;wjksi

ds ns'kksa esa dsEczk ikbu dh ydM+h dk iQuhZpj cukus dh ,slh gksM+ eph fd ;g rHkh 'kkar gqbZ tc

bldh vYikbu lcLih'kht bruh fcjy gks xbZ fd eè; ;wjksi esa cps gq, isM+ksa dh j{kk ds fy,

dkuwu cukuk iM+kA

213

[kkus ;ksX; cht iSnk djus okys phM+ksa esa ukWFkZ vesfjdu lqxj ikbu (ikbul ckEcjfVvkuk)

lcls yack gksrk gS vkSj 80 ehVj ls Hkh Åij fudy tkrk gSA fczVsu ds çd`frfoKkuh MsfoM Mxyl us

lqxjikbu ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS] ^^bl oa'k dk lcls 'kkgh isM+ tks 'kk;n leLr ouLifr;ksa esa lcls

'kkunkj gSA** ysfdu ;g fVIi.kh dqN vpjt esa Mkyus okyh gS] D;ksafd Mxyl egksn; Hkhedk;

fldks;k o`{kksa vkSj Mxyl iQj ds o`{kksa ls vifjfpr ugha gSaA

o`{kksa ds e'kgwj varjkZ"Vªh; fo'odks'k ds ys[kd gx tkWulu dk dguk gS % ^^eSa lHkh lqxj

ikbuksa ds firkeg ls fey pqdk gw¡A esjh eqykdkr bl cqtqxZ ls vksjhxksu ds flLdh;w ekm.Vsu dh ?kkVh

esa gqbZ Fkh] tgka ;g nSR;kdkj o`{k 270 iQqV djhc yack ckal ljh[kk ugha exj dqN&dqN /qy/qy vkSj

Vs<+s&es<+s rus ds lkFk ruk gqvk [kM+k FkkA bldh 'kk[kk,a Åij vkleku dh vksj dkiQh yach&yach tk

jgh Fkha & fdlh Hkh ou vf/dkjh dh uhan mM+kus okyhA Åij rd ,d&,d Vguh 70&70 iQqV yach]

cl fljs ij nks&nks iqQV ds 'kadqiQyksa ds Hkkj ls >qdh gqbZA

ikbul yckacjfVvkuk fo'o ds lcls yacs [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa dh çfr;ksfxrk esa dkiQh rxM+k

mEehnokj lkfcr gks ldrk gSA bldks fo'o ds vU; HkkSxksfyd {ks=kksa esa Hkh ys tkdj mxkuk pkfg,]

tgka mxuk ;g ilan djsA lqxjikbu ls çfr gSDVj fdrus ^ikbu uV* fey ldrs gSa] blds vkadM+s

ys[kd dh utj esa ugha vk,A vxj dksbZ eksVk vanktk Hkh ns lds rks ;g ys[kd mudk vkHkkjh gksxkA

phM+ksa ds nwljs LFkku ij vkrs gSa iksaMjkslk ikbu (ikbul iksaMjkslk)A ;s 75 ehVj rd yacs tk

ldrs gSa vkSj [kkus ;ksX; cht iSnk djrs gSaA bl Lih'kht dk {ks=k cgqr cM+k gS vkSj la;qDr jkT;

vejhdk dk vk/s ls T;knk ou [k.M vkSj eSfDldks dk Hkh çeq[k Hkkx iksaMjkslk ds lkezkT; esa gh

'kkfey gSA

bZLVuZ gkbV ikbu (ikbul LVªkscl) Hkh yxHkx 70 ehVj yack gksrk gS vkSj cgqr eksVk gksrk gSA

lu~ 1850 ds ckn ds n'kd esa blds yacs&rM+axs iqj[ks ;w-,l-,- esa ,sls Nk, gq, Fks fd taxykr ds

214

viQlj ,d ehVj ls de ?ksjs ds rus okys isM+ dks rks bl yk;d Hkh ugha le>rs Fks fd ml ij vkjh

pykbZ tk,A

;wjksi esa lcls yksdfç; ikbu&uV fifu;ksu (ikbul ikbfuvk) ls feyrs gSaA ;g nfeZ;kuk dn

dk lqanj phM+ gS] tks vf/d ls vf/d 30 ehVj yack gksrk gSA phM+ iQyksa ls feyus okys cht çfr

gSDVj fdrus iSnk gks tkrs gksaxs] bldk dksbZ fjdkMZ feyuk cM+k eqf'dy gSA Hkkjr esa ikbul ftjkfMZvkuk

phM+ ds iQyksa ds cht fpyxkstk ds uke ls e'kgwj gSaA ;s çfr gSDVj 400 ls 500 isM+ yxkus ij çfr

isM+ nks fdyksxzke rd cht ns nsrs gSaA ;kuh lky Hkj esa çfr gSDVj yxHkx ,d Vu fpyxkstsA ysfdu

fpyxkstk dksbZ cgqr cM+k isM+ ugha gSA ;g 'kk;n gh dHkh 20 ehVj ls vf/d yack tkrk gksxk]

gkykafd ifjiDo isM+ksa ds ruksa dk ?ksjk rhu ;k pkj ehVj dk gks ldrk gSA cht cgqr NksVs gksrs gSa %

,d fdyksxzke dk eryc 4600 fpyxkstsA gks ldrk gS fd dsEczk ikgu tSls yacs&rxM+s phM+ cM+s gksus

dh otg ls cM+s fpyxkstksa dh çfr gSDVj iSnkokj dkiQh vf/d nsrs gksA

phM+ dqy esa vkSj Hkh ,slh vusd çtkfr;ka gSa] ftudk mÙkjh igkM+h {ks=kksa esa dkcZu&lap;&o`{k

ds :i esa ?kuk egRo gSA ;s vyx ckr gS fd ;s euq"; ds [kkus ;ksX; iQy ;k cht iSnk ugha djrsA

ou ikydksa dk dguk gS fd ukWosZft;u Lçwl (ikbflvk ,cht) de le; rd thus okyh

çtkfr gS] tks 100 lkyksa dh mez ikus ls igys gh lM+uk 'kq: dj nsrh gSA ysfdu eè; ;wjksi ds

dkikfFk;u ekm.VsUl esa 700 o"kZ ls Hkh iqjkus isM+ feyrs gSaA buesa mx jgs iqjkus Lizwl o`{kksa dh yackbZ

60&65 ehVj rd gS vkSj rus ,d&,d ehVj dh eksVkbZ okys gSaA

Lizwl thul dk vlyh egkdk; Lizwl] ukWFkZ vesfjdu flVdk Liwzl (ikbflvk flVusafll) gSA

flVdk Lizwl 'kadq/kjh o`{kksa esa yach vk;q ikus okys o`{kksa esa vxz.kh gSA 500 o"kZ dh mez esa rks ;g

tokuh gh çkIr djrk gSA blds lcls yacs lkFkh 90 ehVj rd igqap tkrs gSa vkSj eksVkbZ ikap ehVjA

215

egkdk; iQj (,cht XuSf.Ml) 100 ehVj yack gks ldrk gSA ;g mÙkjh vejhdk dk ewy

fuoklh gS] ysfdu ;wjksi esa mxk;k x;k rks blus dksbZ ,rjkt ugha fd;kA LdkWVyS.M esa mxk;s x, ,d

^tk;.V iQj* dh yackbZ 53 lkyksa esa 50 ehVj rd gks xbZ FkhA dkWdsf'k;u iQj (,cht ukWMZesfu;k) vkSj

osLVuZ gseykWd (Rlwxk gsVsjksfiQyk) 70 ehVj dh yackbZ rd igqap tkrs gSaA

ykpZ thul (ysfjDl Lih-) ds dqN lnL; 60 ehVj yacs gksrs gSaA LdS.Mhusfo;k] :l]

lkbcsfj;k] dukMk vkSj vykLdk dk dqN Hkkx feykdj cksfj;y ou{ks=k dgk tkrk gSA blds mÙkjh

fgLls esa mxus okys ykpZ o`{k nwljs isM+ksa ls vf/d yacs vkSj eksVs gksrs gSaA ;gka ij o`{kksa dh vU;

çtkfr;ksa dh vis{kk vf/d tSo dkcZu lafpr djrs gSaA

:l ds tkj] ihVj n xzsV us vius lsukifr;ksa dks ykpZ ds cM+s&cM+s taxy yxkus dk gqDe fn;k

Fkk rkfd :l dh ukSlsuk ds fy, taxh tgkt cukus ds okLrs Åaph DokfyVh dh bekjrh ydM+h

feyrh jgsA lu~ 1738 esa lkbcsfj;k esa jSoksyk esa ,d ykpZ&ou (ysfjDl lkbfcfjdk) jksik x;k Fkk]

ftlds dqN isM+ lSfudksa us fo'o;q¼ksa ds nkSjku dkV fy, Fks] exj fiQj Hkh vf/drj ou vkt rd

lqjf{kr gSaA bl ou ds lcls vPNs fgLls esa çfr gSDVj 2000 ?ku ehVj rd ruk&dk"B ik;k tkrk gSA

ykpksZa dk tM+ ra=k cM+k gksrk gS vkSj ân; ds vkdkj dk gksrk gSA gks ldrk gS fd bl ou esa vdsyh

ydM+h ds :i esa çfr gSDVj 700 ls 800 Vu rd dkcZu dk lap; gks jgk gksA blesa uhps dh

fcNkSyh vkSj g~;wel dh ijr esa tek dkcZu Hkh tksM+uk pkfg,A ;s vkadM+s cM+s vk'kkçn gSa] [kklrkSj ls

tc ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd ;s /qj mÙkj ds jSohyk ouksa ls feys gSa] tgka yacs ls yack isM+ 45 ehVj ls

Åapk ugha tkrkA

ykpZ dh bekjrh ydM+h ikuh ds vanj jgus okyk lkeku uko] tgkt oxSjg cukus ds fy,

lcls mi;qDr gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ikuh ds vanj jgus ij Hkh bldh ydM+h lM+rh ugha gSA

osful uxj ewy :i ls ykpZ ls cukbZ xbZ cfYy;ksa ij fVdh bekjrksa ls gh clk;k x;k FkkA

216

ouLifr txr dk vlyh Hkhedk; o`{k Mxyl iQj (lwMksRlwxk esathblh) gSA ;g 100 ehVj

yack vkSj 3-5 ehVj eksVk gks ldrk gSA

bldh yackbZ c<+uk 200 o"kZ dh mez rd tkjh jgrk gSA blds ckn ruk eksVkbZ esa c<+uk 'kq:

djrk gS] tks fd 100 o"kZ rd pyrk jgrk gSA Mxyl iQj ds çkphu ouksa esa çfr gSDVj 2000 ;k

3000 ?kuehVj rd ruk&dk"B çk;% fey tkrk gSA ;g vkadM+k fdlh Hkh çkd`frd ou ds fy, cgqr

vf/d gSA

,sls ouksa esa dkcZu dk HkaMkj Hkh cgqr cM+k gksxkA 300 ?kuehVj ruk&dk"B dk eryc gS] 700

Vu ds djhc dkcZuA blesa Vgfu;ksa] lykbZ ljh[kh ifÙk;ksa] tM+ksa] fcNkSyh (fyVj) vkSj g~;wel dh ijr

esa tek dkcZu Hkh tksM+uk pkfg,A gesa Mxyl iQj ds çkphu ouksa dh tM+ksa esa vkSj g~;wel ijr esa

tek dkcZu dh ek=kk ds dksbZ fo'oluh; vkadM+s ugha feys gSaA ysfdu ,d vè;;u ;g vkdfyr

fd;k x;k fd Mxyl iQj vkSj gseykWd ds ,d 450 o"kZ iqjkus taxy dh fcNkSyh esa gh çfr gSDVj

125 Vu dkcZu tek gks x;k FkkA eksVh vkSj ckjhd nksuksa rjg dh fcNkSyh esa tc dkcZu dh bruh

ek=kk tek gks xbZ rks g~;wel dh ijr esa Hkh dkcZu dh dkiQh ek=kk tek gks xbZ gksxh] bldk vanktk

yxkuk eqf'dy ugha gSA

Mxyl iQj dh lqçcaf/r ouLFkfy;ksa esa blls Hkh vf/d dkcZu lafpr gks ldrk gS] c'krsZ fd

ge mUgsa yacs le; rd mxus nsaA vxj fcNkSyh vkSj g~;wel ijr dks u Hkh tksM+s rks ruk&dk"B]

Vgfu;ksa vkSj tM+ksa esa 60 o"kZ iqjkus Mxyl iQj ds jksis x, ou esa 200 Vu dkcZu çfr gSDVj lafpr

gqvk gSA ge Mxyl iQj dk ,slk taxy iuik ldrs gSa] ftlesa vkf[kj esa yxHkx 400 o`{k çfr gSDVj

gksa vkSj çR;sd o`{k esa 15 ?kuehVj ruk dk"B gksA

bl fdrkc esa igys ds vè;k;ksa esa of.kZr flMkj o`{k (tSls fd flMªl nsonkjk vkSj flMªl

fyckuh) Hkh phM+ dqy esa gh vkrs gSaA

217

lkbçl (l:) dqy (D;wçslslh)

lkbçl dqy ds o`{k euq"; ds [kkus ;ksX; dqN Hkh iSnk ugha djrs ysfdu dqN bykdksa esa

dkcZu&lap; dh n`f"V ls mudk egRo gks ldrk gSA

lkgçl o`{kksa ds dqN fudV lacaf/;ksa esa fiQtjks;k D;wçslksbMht lcls cM+k isM+ gS tks fd nf{k.k

vejhdk ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa isVkxksfu;k esa mxrk gSA vDlj ;g 2000 o"kZ ;k vf/d dh mez rd

igqap tkrk gS vkSj 60 ehVj yack vkSj ikap ehVj eksVk gks ldrk gSA

vizQhdk dk isafly flMkj (twuhisjl çkslsjk) vizQhdk dh mijkaÅ Hkwfe;ksa esa mxus okyk lcls

yack LFkkuh; dksuhiQj gSA twfuij thul dk Hkh ;g lcls yack lnL; gSA vizQhdh isafly flMkj 50

ehVj rd Åapk gks ldrk gS vkSj ;g cgqr cf<+;k dherh bekjrh ydM+h iSnk djrk gSA

tk;.V vkcksZj&okbVh ;k osLVuZ jsM flMkj (Fkwtk fIydsVk) 70 ehVj rd dh yackbZ rd igqap

tkrk gS vkSj lcls cM+s&o`{k dh eksVkbZ tehu ds ikl 10 ehVj rd igqap tkrh gSA

;wdfyIVl (liQsnk) dqy (feVsZlh)

blh dqy dk ,d lnL; gS ve:n (Xokok)A vius iQy&mRiknu ds fy, bldk mYys[k

vko';d gSA bldk isM+ cM+k ugha gksrkA 10 ehVj dh yackbZ Hkh eqf'dy ls gksrh gSA ysfdu vkn'kZ

fLFkfr;ksa esa ;g çfr gSDVj 110 Vu rd iQly lky Hkj esa iSnk dj ldrk gSA blds iQy dk dSyksjh

eku vkyw ds rqY; gSA vius vis{kkd`r NksVs vkdkj ds ckotwn ve:n ds loksZÙke o`{kksa us o"kZ Hkj esa

nks Vu rd iQy iSnk fd, gSaA bu Js"B o`{kksa dh dye ;k tM+ksankas ls ikS/ cukbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj

la[;k c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA ve:n dh ikS/ vklkuh ls mx vkrh gS vkSj vusd ns'kksa esa blds iks"kd

iQy ds ckotwn bldk vksgnk fxjkdj ve:n ds isM+ksa dks [kjirokj iksf"kr dj fn;k gSA

218

;wdfyIVl thul (;wdfyIVl Lih-) esa 600 ls vf/d Lih'kht gSaA vkLVsªsfy;k esa blh oa'k ds

isM+ksa dh ç/kkurk gSA bl egk}hi ij rhu&pkSFkkbZ ou o`{k ;wdfyIVl gh gSA

vkLVªsfy;k esa ;g vfr fHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mxrk gS] blfy, ogka vyx&vyx bykdksa esa

blh dk jkt gS vkSj o`{kksa dk ;g oa'k cM+h fofo/rk okyk cu x;k gSA

i;kZoj.kokfn;ksa vkSj lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa ds chp ;wdfyIVl lcls T;knk cnuke gqvk gSA

blds dbZ Bksl dkj.k gSaA dkxt feyksa ds fy, bl isM+ dh ydM+h ls yqxnh cukbZ tkrh gS] ftlds

fy, bu isM+ksa ds cM+s&cM+s ou[k.M jksis x, vkSj bl rjg yksxksa dks mu o`{kksa ls oafpr dj fn;k x;k

tks fd mUgsa bZa/u] Hkkstu] pkjk] vkSj NksVh bekjrh ydM+h çnku djrs FksA ;s o`{k fofo/ fdLeksa ds Fks

vkSj çkd`frd ouksa esa mxrs FksA FkkbZyS.M esa ogka dh ljdkj us 40 yk[k gSDVj esa O;kikfjd :i ls

;wdfyIVl ds isM+ yxkus dh dksf'k'k dh] tks vxj yx tkrs rks 50 ls 100 yk[k yksx foLFkkfir gks

tkrsA ysfdu tc LFkkuh; fdlku vkanksyu djus ij mrk: gks x, rks ljdkj >qd xbZ vkSj ;wdfyIVl

ds o`{kkjksi.k dh ;kstuk jn~n dj nh xbZA Hkkjr esa rks dbZ ckj vPNh [kklh mitkÅ tehuksa ds [ksrksa

esa gh ;wdfyIVl ds isM+ yxk fn, x,A bl rjg çfr gSDVj liQsns ij ,d jkstxkj de gqvkA tgka

o"kkZ de gksrh gS mu bykdksa esa liQsnk yxkus ls Hkwfe esa ty&Lrj uhps pyk x;k] D;ksafd bl isM+ dks

I;kl cgqr yxrh gS] vkSj ;g vklikl dk lkjk ikuh [khap ysrk gSA ;wdfyIVl dh xyr fdLeksa dh

?kuh jksikbZ ls feV~Vh dk dVko gqvk vkSj uhps mxus okyh ouLifr;ksa dk ne ?kqV x;kA o"kkZdky esa Hkh

liQsnk ds uhps bruh ouLifr ;k fcNkSyh ugha gksrh tks feV~Vh dh mitkÅ ijr dks cg tkus ls jksd

ysA

ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd liQsnk fcYdqy csdkj isM+ gSA blds myV viuh

xksjh&fpV~Vh Ropk vkSj lh/s yackbZ esa c<+rs xksykdkj rus vkSj dVhyh Nqjhuqek ifÙk;ksa ds lkFk ;s isM+

cM+s lqanj yxrs gSaA

219

;wdfyIVl çtkfr dks nqfu;k dh pkSM+h&iÙkh (phM+ dh lqb;ksa ds eqdkcys) okys lcls yacs

isM+ks eas 'kqekj fd;k tkrk gSA 100 ehVj dh 'kkgh yackbZ rd igqapus okyh nks Lih'kht gSa & tk;.V

;wdfyIVl (;wdfyIVl jsxukUl) vkSj djhZ (;wdfyIVl MkbolhZdyj)A bl lnh ds 'kq: esa bl rjg dh

fjiksVZ Nih gSa fd dqN ;wdfyIVl ds isM+ 140 ls 150 ehVj dh yackbZ Hkh ikj dj x, gSaA ysfdu

budks ukius ds ckn bu isM+ksa dks fxjk fn;k x;k] blfy, bu vkadM+ksa dh iqf"V ugha gks ldhA blfy,

bu fjiksVksZa ij Hkjkslk djuk dfBu gS] D;ksafd bl le; nqfu;k esa lcls yacs ;wdfyIVl rLekfu;k esa

[kM+s gSa vkSj os 100 ehVj ls dqN gh T;knk yacs gSaA

rLekfu;k ds tk;.V ;wdfyIVl dsoy 400 o"kZ ds gSaA gks ldrk gS fd blls T;knk mez ds

;wdfyIVl yackbZ esa 100 ehVj ls dkiQh Åaps igqap x, gksa vkSj ckdh fjdkWMZ rksM+ pqds gksaA lqçfl¼

HkwxksyosÙkk vYizQsM jlsy okysl us ,d ckj ,d fxjk, x, ;wdfyIVl dks ekik Fkk rks mldh yackbZ

137 ehVj FkhA iqjkus isM+ ds rus dk ,d Nk;kfp=k Hkh feyrk gS] ftldk O;kl 8-5 ehVj gSA

;wdfyIVl dh dqN çtkfr;ka cM+h rsth ls c<+rh gSaA U;wthyS.M dk lcls yEck isM+ ;gh gS

vkSj lu~ 1878 esa yxk, x, bl ;wdfyIVl jsxukUl dh yackbZ tc 1969 esa ukih xbZ & jksius ds 90

lky ckn&rks ;g 71 ehVj dh 'kkunkj ÅapkbZ rd ygjk jgk Fkk vkSj da/ksa rd rus dh eksVkbZ pkj

ehVj FkhA

lHkh ;wdfyIVl ,d ok"i'khy rsy iSnk djrs gSaA lcls T;knk rsy ;wdfyIVl jsfM,Vk iSnk djrk

gS] ftlls ifÙk;ksa ds otu dk lk<+s rhu çfr'kr rd rsy fey tkrk gSA ;wdfyIVl MkbolhZdyj 1-2

çfr'kr vkSj ;wdfyIVl jsxukUl 0-9 çfr'kr rd rsy nsrk gSA ;wdfyIVl ds rsy dk cM+k O;kikfjd

egRo gS] ysfdu çfr gSDVj rsy&çkfIr csgn de gksus ds dkj.k ;g ekuo iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls ux.;

gSA

220

tkequ dk isM+

tkequ dk isM+ Hkh blh dqy dk lnL; gSA bls vaxzsth esa CySd Iye ;k jkst ,iy dgrs gSa

vkSj bldk okuLifrd uke ;wthfu;k tEcksykuk ;k lkbthft;e D;wfeuh gSA ;wthfu;k lsokW; ds fçal ;wthu

ds uke ij iM+kA os 17oha lnh esa gq, Fks vkSj ckWVuh ds vè;;u dks vkxs c<+kus esa mudh cM+h

egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jghA lkbthft;e xzhd 'kCn lqtksxksl ls cuk gS ftldk eryc gS tqM+okaA

tEcksykuk bZLV baMht ds 'kCn ^tEcksl* ls cuk gS] tks laLd`r ds tEcw ls O;qRiUu gSA Hkkjr dh

tEcw}hi Hkh dgk tkrk FkkA tEcw iQy gh fganh esa ^tkequ* cu x;kA bl iQy dk laLd`r esa ,d uke

vkSj gS ^iQysUæ* ftldk vFkZ gS iQyksa dk jktkA

tkequ ds isM+ dk mRifÙk LFkku fu'p; gh Hkkjr gSA ;g d`".k vkSj x.ks'k nksuksa ls tqM+k gS]

blfy, ifo=k ekuk tkrk gSA cq¼ /eZ esa Hkh bl o`{k dks iwtuh; crk;k x;k gSA cknyksa ds nsork es?k

i`Foh ij tkequ ds :i esa vorfjr gq,] ,slh dFkk feyrh gSA blhfy, tkequ dk jax Hkh

meM+rs&?kqeM+rs cknyksa dh dkyh ?kVk dh rjg dkyk gSA tkequ dh ifÙk;ka Hkh ekyk dh rjg xwaFkdj

}kj ij canuokj ds :i esa Vkaxh tkrh gSa rkfd fookfgr tksM+s dk thou lq[k ls chrs vkSj os nh?kkZ;q

çkIr djsaA eafnjksa ds ikl tkequ ds o`{k yxk, tkrs Fks vkSj muds uhps czkã.kksa dks Hkkstu djk;k tkrk

FkkA

tkequ yach mez ikus okyk lnkcgkj o`{k gSA ;g m".k vkSj miks".k tyok;q esa mxuk ilan

djrk gS] ysfdu fgeky; dh fupyh igkfM+;ksa esa Hkh 1300 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ rd ik;k tkrk gSA bldk

iQy NksVk] vaMkdkj] vywps tSls xgjs cSaxuh vkSj xqykch jax dk gksrk gSA 'kq: esa gjk gksrk gS vkSj

fiQj xgjk xqykch vkSj fiQj idus ij dkykA cspus okys ;gh vkokt yxkrs gSa & ^^tkequ !

dkys&dkys jke!** gj iQy esa ,d cM+h xqByh gksrh gSA iQyksa dk dSyksjheku dkiQh T;knk gS vkSj buesa

yksgk Hkh vf/d gksrk gSA bl rjg tkequ [kkus ls ,uhfe;k (jDrkYirk) dh f'kdk;r nwj gksrh gSA

221

xqBfy;ksa dks lq[kkdj mudk pw.kZ cuk;k tkrk gS tks e/qesg (Mk;fcVht) esa ykHkdkjh gSA ;g ew=k esa

'kdZjk dh ek=kk cM+h tYnh ?kVkrk gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks jDr&'kdZjk dk vuqikr ,dne lkekU; dj

nsrk gS] ges'kk ds fy,A xqBfy;ksa dk pwjk tkuojksa dks Hkh f[kyk;k tkrk gSA

Vlj js'ke ds dhM+s dks ikyus ds fy, tkequ dh ifÙk;ksa ds NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s dj ds mls

f[kyk, tkrs gSaA iQy jlhyk vkSj ehBk gksrk gS vkSj yksx cM+s pko ls ued feykdj [kkrs gSaA if{k;ksa

vkSj ?kksM+ksa dks Hkh tkequ ilan gSA tkequ ds jl ls fljdk vkSj vydksgy Hkh cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj jl

dks cksrycan Hkh fd;k x;k gSA tc ,d gSDVj esa 100 isM+ yxk, tkrs gSa rks ifjiDo chtw isM+ çfr

o`{k 80 ls 100 fdyksxzke rd iQy iSnk djrs gSaA cht e/qesg ds jksfx;ksa ds bykt ds fy, bLrseky

fd;k tkrk gS vkSj cht dk pwjk xk; dks f[kykrs gSaA tkequ dh ydM+h] vPNh bekjrh ydM+h ekuh

tkrh gS vkSj blds jsyos Lyhij cuk, tkrs gSa] D;ksafd ;g cM+h etcwr gksrh gS vkSj bl ij dhM+s vkSj

iQiQwanh geyk ugha djrsA blls d`f"k ds vkStkj Hkh cuk, tkrs gSaA

canj dk fny

;equk unh ds fdukjs ,d tkequ dk isM+ FkkA ,d okuj dqy us bl o`{k ij viuk clsjk cuk

fy;kA bl dqy dk eqf[k;k cM+k ;kjokl FkkA mls tkequ ds xqykch iQy cM+s ilan FksA og [kqn rks

cM+s pko ls [kkrk gh Fkk] nwljksa dks f[kykus esa Hkh mls cM+k vkuan vkrk FkkA

;equk unh esa ,d ?kfM+;ky dk ifjokj jgrk FkkA og /wi [kkus ds fy, rSj dj bl ikj vkrk

vkSj tkequ ds isM+ ds uhps ysV tkrkA okuj dqy ds eqf[k;k vkSj ?kfM+;ky esa nksLrh gks xbZA canj jkst

tkequ rksM+ rksM+ dj ?kfM+;ky dh rjiQ mNky nsrk vkSj ?kfM+;ky ets ls tkequ [kkrk jgrkA ,d fnu

canj us ?kfM+;ky dks tkequ [kkdj eqLdjkrs ns[kk rks mlus dgk fd ?kfM+;ky HkkbZ] rqe dqN tkequ

viuh iRuh ds fy, Hkh ys tkvksA

222

;g rks cM+k mÙke fopkj gS] ?kfM+;ky us gkeh esa yack tcM+k fgyk;kA canj us dqN iQy bdV~Bs

fd, vkSj mls ns fn,A tc /wi pyh xbZ] 'kke gqbZ rks ?kfM+;ky tkequ ysdj ikuh esa f[kld x;k vkSj

rSj dj vius iRuh ds ikl igqap x;kA

mldh iRuh us pVkpV lkjs tkequ [kk fy,A tkequ ds ehBs Lokn us mls tks vkuan fn;k]

mldh rks lhek gh ugha FkhA og ckj&ckj viuk tcM+k [kksydj [kq'kh tkfgj djus yxhA mlus cM+s

I;kj ls vius ifr ls iwNk] ^Lokeh! vki ;s ehBs&ehBs jlhys tkequ dgka ls yk, gksA* ?kfM+;ky us mls

vius fe=k okuj ds ckjs esa crk;k tks tequk ds ikj fdukjs ij [kM+s tkequ ds isM+ ij jgrk gS vkSj

lcdks tkequ f[kykrk jgrk gSA

?kfM+;ky dh iRuh lqurh jgh] exj dqN cksyh ughaA mlds eqag esa rks ,d ubZ ckr

lksp&lkspdj ikuh vk jgk Fkk] ^tks brus ehBs tkequ [kkrk gS] ml canj dk dystk fdruk ehBk

gksxkA* jksdrs&jksdrs Hkh ?kfM+;kyuh us <sj lkjh ykj Vidk nhA

og vius ifr ls MiV dj cksyh] ^ns[kks] dy gh eq>s og canj ykdj nksA eSa mldk dystk

[kkÅaxh!*

?kfM+;ky rks ?kcjk mBkA mlus cgqr le>k;k fd og canj esjk fe=k gS vkSj mlds lkFk

nxkckth djuk vPNk ugha gksxkA ysfdu ?kfM+;kyuh rks vM+ xbZA Vl ls el ugha gqbZ] ^eq>s canj dk

dystk [kkuk gS] cl!*

vxys fnu tc ?kfM+;ky /wi [kkus tkequ ds isM+ ds uhps igqapk rks cM+s ruko esa FkkA canj us

mls vueuk ns[kk vkSj dqN tkequ rksM+dj fn,A ?kfM+;ky cksyk] ^rqEgkjs ehBs tkequ esjh iRuh dks cgqr

Hkk,A mlus rqEgsa /U;okn cksyk gSA* ;g cksyrs le; og canj ls vka[ksa pqjk jgk Fkk] ^^og rqEgkjs çfr

d`rKrk çdV djus ds fy, rqEgsa nkor nsuk pkgrh gSA**

223

canj dks vius fe=k ds fuea=k.k esa dqN vViVk ugha yxk] ^D;ksa ugha! t:j pywaxk nkor esaA vHkh rd

cl tkequ [kkrk FkkA vc dqN Lokfn"V O;atu [kkÅaxkA dqN Lokn cnysxkA*

^pyks pyrs gSa!* ;g dgdj canj isM+ ls mNydj ?kfM+;ky dh ihB ij lokj gks x;kA

?kfM+;ky vc Hkh vueuk FkkA fdlh rjg f?klV dj ikuh esa vk;k vkSj vius ?kj dh rjiQ py iM+kA

jkLrs Hkj cl canj gh pij&pij cksyrk jgkA ?kfM+;ky HkkbZ pqIih lk/s jgsA vk/s jkLrs gh igqaps Fks fd

canj us uhps dh vksj ns[kkA ?kfM+;ky jks, tk jgk FkkA mlds cM+s&cM+s vkalw Vid&Vid dj ;equk ds

ty esa fxjrs tk jgs FksA ^D;k ckr gS esjs ;kjA rw jks D;ksa jgk gSA* canj us iwNkA

?kfM+;ky jksrs&jksrs gh cksyk] ^D;k ---- crkÅa fe=k ! eSaus rqEgsa /ks[kk fn;k gSA esjh iRuh rqEgsa

nkor nsuk ugha pkgrhA og rks rqEgkjk dystk [kkuk pkgrh gS] blfy, rqEgsa cqyk jgh gSA dgrh gS tks

brus ehBs tkequ [kkrk gS] mldk dystk cM+k ehBk gksxkA og cM+h xqLlSy gSA mlds Mj ds ekjs eSa

rqEgsa ykus dks rS;kj gks x;kA eq>s ekiQ djksA* ;g dgdj ?kfM+;ky tcM+k iQkM+&iQkM+dj jksus yxkA

canj ds rks gks'k mM+ x,A Mj ds ekjs mldh ihB ij mNyus yxkA igys mlus lkspk fd

?kfM+;ky ls fxM+fM+k,xk fd mldh tku c['k nsA fiQj mls dqN nwj dh lw>h] vjs cl bruh lh ckrA

rqe nq[kh er gks fe=kA eSa HkkHkh dks viuk dystk t:j f[kykÅaxkA vkf[kj ge canjksa ds fy, fny dh

D;k t:jr !*

^exj*] canj cukoVh galh galk vkSj cksyk] vkt esjs dysts dh /qykbZ dk fnu FkkA lqcg gh

eSaus mls unh esa Mqcks;k vkSj lkiQ djds lw[kus ds fy, tkequ ds isM+ ij Vkax fn;k gSA pyks ! okil

pyrs gSa vkSj mls ys vkrs gaSA*

?kfM+;kyksa esa [kkl vDy rks gksrh ughaA fiQj cspkjk mnkl Hkh FkkA blfy, canj dh pky dks

le> ugha ik;kA ^cgqr vPNk] pyksA* ;g dgdj ?kfM+;ky dks cM+k larks"k gqvk fd mldk fe=k bl

cqjh [kcj dks lqudj ukjkt ugha gqvkA og ?kwek vkSj ihB ij canj dks fcBk, okil tkequ ds isM+ dh

224

vksj rSjus yxkA tSls gh fdukjk vk;k vkSj ?kfM+;ky ikuh ls ckgj vkdj tkequ dh vksj pyus yxk

fd blls igys fd ?kfM+;ky tkequ ij Vaxk dystk ns[kus dh dksf'k'k djs] canj us mNky ekjh vkSj

,d Vguh idM+ dj tkequ ds isM+ ij tk igqapkA

ml fnu ds ckn ls og tkequ ds isM+ ls uhps ugha mrjkA gka] tc Hkh ?kfM+;ky ogka /wi [kkus

vkrk rks canj mlds fy, ids&ids tkequ rksM+dj t:j iQsad nsrkA ?kfM+;ky dh iRuh t:j mls

rykd nsdj fdlh vkSj ?kfM+;ky ds ikl pyh xbZ gksxh] tks tks: dk iDdk xqyke gks] bl ?kfM+;ky

dh rjg dPpk ughaA

vathj dqy (eksjslh)

vathj dqy esa vusd egRoiw.kZ oa'k gSa] ftuesa ls rhu dk ;gka mYys[k djuk vko';d gSA

,d rks gS ^iQkbdl* tks vathjksa dk cgqr cM+k oa'k gS vkSj blesa 800 çtkfr;ka 'kkfey gSaA nwljk

dVgy dk oa'k gS & vkVksZdkiZlA blesa czSMizQwV vkSj dVgy ds dbZ lkFkh 'kkfey gSaA rhljk gS 'kgrwr

dk oa'k&eksjlA

o"kkZ ouksa esa vathj dqy ds o`{k vkerkSj ij lcls egRoiw.kZ o`{kksa esa fxus tkrs gSaA ,f'k;kbZ

o"kkZ ouksa esa taxyh vathjksa ds vk/s iQy ogka jgus okys canj] yaxwj vkSj okuj dqy ds vU; çk.kh [kk

tkrs gSaA vestu ds taxyksa esa Hkh ;gh ik;k x;k fd taxyh vathj lHkh iQykgkjh tarqvksa dh 40

çfr'kr {kq/k r`Ir djrk gSA

vathj dh ,d çtkfr dks rks ^LVªSaxyj fiQx* ;kuh xy?kksaVw vathj dgrs gSaA ;g vly esa

,ihiQkbV gS ;kuh ,slk ikS/k tks nwljs ikS/ksa ij mxrk gSA vly esa os viuk thou 'kq: ,ihiQkbV ds

:i esa gh djrs gSaA fiQj tc cM+s gks tkrs gSa rks muds iQy i{kh vkSj vU; iQykgkjh tarq [kkrs gSa vkSj

cht b/j&m/j iQsad nsrs gSaA dqN cht nwljs isM+ksa dh njkjksa esa ;k dksuksa esa tk iM+rs gSa vkSj ogka

225

vadqfjr gks tkrs gSaA ogka os igys gokbZ tM+as cukrs gSaA tc ;s tM+sa c<+rs&c<+rs tehu rd igqap tkrh

gSa rks /jrh idM+ ysrh gSA LVªSaxyj fiQx dh gokbZ tM+sa c<+rs&c<+rs ftl isM+ ij mx jgh Fkha] mlds

pkjks vksj fyiV tkrh gSa vkSj mldk ne ?kqV tkrk gS vkSj og ej tkrk gSA 'kk;n blhfy, ;g uke

iM+k & xy?kksaVw vathjA bl otg ls nwljs isM+ ds pkjksa vksj fyiVs vathj dk ruk Hkh dbZ ckj dkiQh

eksVk gks tkrk gSA

dqN LVªsaxyj fiQx vizQhdk esa o"kkZou ds ckgj Hkh mxrs gSaA buesa ls dqN cgqr yacs gks tkrs

gSaA tSls fd iQkbdl fddhZ vkSj iQkbdl lSalhckfjdkA ;s 40 ehVj rd yacs gks tkrs gSaA eksVkbZ esa Hkh

djhc&djhc ckvksckc dh cjkcjh djus yxrs gSaA vizQhdk] ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k vejhdk ds o"kkZouksa

ds vanj mxrs LVªSaxyj vathj vkSj Hkh yacs ik, x, gSaA

Hkweè;lkxjh; vathj (iQkbdl dsfjdk) rks taxy ls ckgj ykdj vc jksih xbZ ouLFkfy;ksa esa

?kjsywd`r gks pqdk gSA bldks feykdj vathj dh vusd çtkfr;ka gSa tks [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djrh gSaA

;s iQy cM+s ikSf"Vd gksrs gSa vkSj gj isM+ mUgsa dkiQh rknkn esa iSnk djrk gSA blds ckotwn nf{k.kh

xksyk¼Z esa ikbZ tkus okyh cs'kqekj çtkfr;ksa esa ls T;knkrj vHkh taxyksa esa gh mx jgh gS vkSj

[kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa ds :i esa muds ?kjsywdj.k dh fn'kk esa dksbZ fo'ks"k ç;kl ugha fd, x,A bldk

,d dkj.k ;g gS fd taxyh vathjksa ds iQy ekuo&vkgkj dh n`f"V ls fdlh [kkl egRo ds ugha ekus

tkrsA buds iQyksa ds vanj çk;% reke rjg ds dhM+s Hkjs jgrs gSa] blfy, Hkh budh mis{kk gqbZ gSA

fiQj Hkh vxj vki vizQhdk esa ;k=kk dj jgs gSa rks vkidk è;ku taxyh vathjksa ij t:j

tk,xk] D;ksafd ;s ogka gj txg mxrs fey tk,axs vkSj iQyr ds ekSle esa mu ij cM+s vkd"kZd iQy

yns jgrs gSaA blfy, ;g ç'u mBuk LokHkkfod gS fd D;k taxyh vathj dh dqN çtkfr;ksa dks iQyksa

vkSj dkcZu&lap; dh n`f"V ls fodflr ugha djuk pkfg, \

226

euq"; dks ftrus o`{k irk pys gSa] muesa [kk|nkrk o`{kksa esa czsMizQwV ds isM+ lcls vf/d

mRiknd gSaA czsMizQwV (vkVksZdkiZl vkfYVfyl) 25 ehVj rd yack gks tkrk gSA vkerkSj ij ;g blls

NksVk gksrk gSA tc bu o`{kksa dks 10&15 ehVj ds iQklys ij mxk;k tkrk gS rks çfr gSDVj 50 ls 100

rd isM+ mxk, tk ldrs gSaA bl rjg mxk, x, isM+ksa ij tc iQy vkus yxrs gSa] rks o"kZ Hkj esa çfr

o`{k 700 ls 3500 fdyksxzke rd iQy fey ldrs gSaA iQy iwjs lky iSnk gksrs gSa vkSj mudh rhu ckj

rqM+kbZ dh tk ldrh gSA ;s iQy dVgy ls NksVs gksrs gSa] fiQj Hkh ,d&,d dk otu nks&nks fdyksxzke

rd gksrk gSA iQyksa dk dSyksjh eku (474kJ/100 xzke) vkyw ls Ms<+ xquk T;knk gksrk gSA iQyksa esa 1-5

çfr'kr çksVhu Hkh gksrk gSA

czSMizQwV ds chtw isM+ ^czSMuV* dgykrs gSaA vf/drj chtw isM+ksa ds iQyksa esa xwnk de gksrk gS]

D;ksafd mldh txg ,d bap yacs vkSj ,d bap eksVs cht Hkj tkrs gSaA chtw isM+ ds gj iQy esa

16&24 cht gksrs gSa] ftUgsa ^uV* dgrs gSaA budks Hkwudj [kk;k tk ldrk gSA Lokn esa ;s pSLVuV tSls

yxrs gSaA uVksa esa 11 çfr'kr izksVhu gksrk gS vkSj mudk dSyksjheku cgqr Åapk gksrk gS (1642kJ/100

xzke)A vf/d ikSf"Vd gksus ds dkj.k cht okys iQy T;knk egRoiw.kZ gSa] D;ksafd ;s [kk|&lqj{kk çnku

djrh gSaA ysfdu vkerkSj ij yksx fcuk cht okys csnkuk iQy T;knk ilan djrs gSaA

dVgy Black tont

czSMizQwV dk gh utnhdh fj'rsnkj gS tSdizQwV ;kuh dVgy (vkVksZdkiZl gsVsjksfiQyl)A vf/d

laHkkouk ;gh gS fd dVgy ewyr% nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa tuekA bldk vaxzsth uke ^tSd* blds laLd`r

uke ;{kd(?)dk gh fcxM+k gqvk :i gSA dVgy dk iQy cM+k Hkkjh vkSj 'kkunkj gksrk gS rFkk ,d

ehVj rd yack gks ldrk gSA

227

MCY;w- yksV~lpVZ vkSj th-chls ds vuqlkj dVgy dk ,d vdsyk isM+ 220&260 rd iQy ns

ldrk gS vkSj gj iQy dk otu gksxk 20&30 fdyksxzkeA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd dVgy cgqr

Hkkjh rknkn esa [kk| lkexzh miyC/ djk ldrk gSA

ysfdu isM+ksa dh mRikndrk ds vkSj tyok;q ds vuqlkj mit esa dkiQh varj gksrk gSA gks

ldrk gS fd dksbZ isM+ cl lkS ls dqN Åij iQy ns vkSj dksbZ dbZ lSdM+kA iQy dk otu ,d ls 50

fdyksxzke rd gks ldrk gSA 500 ls 700 fdyksxzke iQy ,d isM+ ls fey tk,a rks vPNh mit ekuh

tkrh gSA

blds iQy czSMizQwV ls ikSf"Vdrk esa dqN uhps vkrs gSa vkSj budk dSyksjh eku 394kJ/100 xzke

cSBrk gSA ysfdu buesa çksVhu dh ek=kk czSMizQwV ls dqN vf/d gksrh gSA

ysfdu xq.kksa dks ns[krs gq, ftruk è;ku dVgy ds o`{kksa ij fn;k tkuk pkfg, mruk fn;k ugha

x;kA vf/drj xeZ ns'kksa esa ;g vc Hkh ,d xkS.k iQly ekuh tkrh gSA gekjk lq>ko gS fd dVgy

ds isM+ mu bykdksa esa mxk, tk,a tgka ;s mx ldrs gSa vkSj tgka bUgsa dksbZ tkurk rd ughaA

tks tkudkjh miyC/ gS] mlds vuqlkj xeZ bykdksa esa Hkh dVgy dks 1500 ehVj ls vf/d

dh Åapkb;ksa ij ugha mxk;k tk ldrkA ysfdu dqN ç;ksx fd, tk,a vkSj /S;Z iwoZd ijh{k.k fd, tk,a

rks ;g ck/k ikj dh tk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, dsfu;k ds igkM+h bykdksa esa ^xzhu cSYV ewoes.V

vkWiQ dsfu;k* us budh ulZjh rS;kj dj ds czSM izQwV vkSj tSdizQwV nksuksa dks 2000 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ ij

Hkh liQyrk iwoZd mxk;k gSA

ftu fdlkuksa us bu nksuksa iQyo`{kksa dh o`{k[ksrh nf{k.k ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar lkxjh; {ks=k esa 'kq:

dh] mUgksaus ewyr% p;u ds ckn vPNh fdLe ds isM+ksa dks gh mxk;k gksxkA ysfdu mlds ckn buds

oSKkfud lq/kj dk dksbZ ç;kl ugha fd;k x;k vkSj ;s misf{kr gh] tSls Fks oSls mxrs jgsA

228

vkVksZdkiZl oa'k ds isM+ iQyksa ds vfrfjDr dqN nwljs mi;ksxksa esa Hkh egRo ds gSaA budh ifÙk;ka

cgqr vPNk pkjk gSaA dVgy dh ydM+h bekjrh ydM+h ds :i esa Hkh dherh ekuh tkrh gSA cM+h mez

ds isM+ksa esa bldk jax xgjk gks tkrk gS vkSj ;g egksxuh dh ydM+h ls feyrh gSA blls mPp dksfV

dk iQuhZpj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA czSMizQwV vkSj dVgy nksuksa dks vkerkSj ij vU; o`{kksa ds lkFk fefJr

o`{k[ksrh ds rkSj ij mxk;k tkrk gSA buds lkFk ,do"khZ iQlysa vkSj >kM+hokyh iQlysa Hkh mxkbZ tkrh

gSaA buds ruksa ij vDlj ;ke dan ds ikS/ksa dh yrk p<+k nh tkrh gSA

vkdksZdkiZl thul esa 50 ds djhc Lih'kht gksrh gSa] ftuesa ls 25 çtkfr;ka vdsys cksfuZ;ks

}hi esa mxrh gSaA bl le; cl czSMizQwV vkSj dVgy gh cM+s iSekus ij mxk, tkrs gSaA t:jr bl ckr

dh gS fd vkVksZdkiZl dh lHkh çtkfr;ksa ij vuqla/ku fd;k tk,A

cjxn vkSj ihiy

nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa vathj dqy ds bu nksuksa lnL;ksa dk cM+k /kfeZd egRo gSA

cVo`{k ;kuh cjxn (iQkbdl caxkysafll) dks bl i`Foh dh cM+h peRdkjh ouLifr ekuk tkrk

gSA ;g lnkcgkj o`{k gS] tks yackbZ esa 30 iQqV dh ÅapkbZ rd igqap tkrk gSA ;g viuh Vgfu;ksa ls

gokbZ tM+as NksM+rk gS] tks tehu esa ?kqlh fd [kaHkksa dh rjg eksVh vkSj etcwr gks tkrh gSa tks Hkkjh&Hkkjh

Vgfu;ksa dk cks> Hkh cnkZ'r dj ldsaA

bldh ifÙk;ka pkSM+h vaMkdkj gksrh gSaA Åij mudk jax xgjk gjk vkSj ihNs dh vksj ihykiu

fy, gjk gksrk gSA ubZ ifÙk;ka cM+h fpduh vkSj pednkj gksrh gSaA iqjkuh ifÙk;ka dM+h vkSj peM+s tSlh

gks tkrh gSaA rksM+us ij muls nwf/;k rjy fudyrk gSA iQwy vkSj iQy cgqr NksVs gksrs gSaA 'kq: esa iQy

gjk vkSj l[r gksrk gS vkSj vathj tSlk yxrk gSA i.kZo`ar vkSj 'kk[kk ds chp ls fudydj tc ;g

idus yxrk gS rks yky vkSj dksey gks tkrk gSA lHkh i{kh bl iQy dks cM+s pko ls [kkrs gSaA

229

cjxn dk isM+ fdruk pkSM+k iQSy ldrk gS \ fppksyh] gks'kaxkckn esa cjxn dk ,d isM+ gS tks

fd Ms<+ ,dM+ ds ?ksjs esa iQSyk gqvk gSA caxywj ds ikl /wNwudqIis esa ,d oVo`{k ikap lkS lky iqjkuk

gS vkSj yxHkx rhu ,dM+ esa iQSy x;k gSA lu~ 1792 esa floiqj dydÙkk esa cht cksdj mxk;k x;k

cjxn ;gka ds ckWVuhdy xkMZUl esa bruk cM+k gks x;k gS fd bldk eq[; ruk 51 iQqV eksVk gks x;k

gS vkSj mlesa ls ,d gtkj ls T;knk gokbZ tM+sa fudy dj tehu esa /al xbZ gSaA iwjs isM+ us dksbZ pkj

,dM+ dk nk;jk ?ksjk gqvk gSA lrkjk dk lqçfl¼ oVo`{k fiNyh ckj lu~ 1882 esa ekik x;k Fkk vkSj

mldk ?ksjk 483 ehVj FkkA

cjxn dk vaxzsth uke ^cfu;u* vaxzstksa dk fn;k gqvk gSA mUgksaus ns[kk fd bl isM+ ds uhps

fgUnw O;kikjh ^cfu;k* viuk eky cspus ds fy, cSB tkrs FksA os bldh iwtk Hkh djrs FksA cl] isM+

dk uke gks x;k cfu;uA iQkbdl dk vFkZ gS vathj (fiQx) vkSj caxkysafll ekus caxky dkA ^oV*

laLd`r uke gS ftldk vFkZ gS ?ksjuk ;k os"VuA

oVo`{k] xaxk vkSj fgeky;] ;s rhu Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds çrhd gSaA vf/drj Hkkjrh;] oVo`{k

dks ifo=k ekurs gSaA vdky tSlh Hkh"k.k ifjfLFkfr esa gh bldh ifÙk;ka i'kqvksa dh çk.kj{kk ds fy,

rksM+h tkrh gSa vU;Fkk ughaA

oVo`{k fganqvksa ds rhuksa ç/ku nsorkvksa dks Hkh lefgr fd, gq, gSA bldh Nky esa fo".kq

Hkxoku gSa] tM+ksa esa czãk gSa vkSj tVk&twV ('kk[kk&ç'kk[kkvksa) esa f'kothA dqcsj tks fd nsorkvksa ds

dks"kkè;{k gSa] os Hkh oVo`{k esa fuokl djrs gSa vkSj blhfy, mudk ,d uke gS oVkJ;A ;g ekuk tkrk

gS fd gj jfookj dks nsoh y{eh th oV&n'kZu ds fy, vkrh gSaA iqjk.kksa esa lkfo=kh dh dFkk vkrh gS]

ftlus fookg ds o"kZ Hkj ckn gh vius ifr lR;oku dks [kks fn;kA mldh e`R;q oVo`{k ds uhps gh gqbZ

FkhA fiQj lkfo=kh us oV dh iwtk dh rks lR;oku ds çk.k ykSV vk,A ;gh dkj.k gS fd ^oV lkfo=kh*

ds uke ls oVo`{k dh fo'ks"k iwtk dh tkrh gS vkSj efgyk,a ozr j[krh gSa vkSj o`{k dh çnf{k.kk djrh

230

gSaA oVo`{kksa dks tuu'khyrk dk Hkh çrhd ekuk tkrk gS vkSj larku dh dkeuk ls Hkh nEifr bl o`{k

dh iwtk djrs gSaA egkHkkjr esa dFkk vkrh gS fd ,d eka vkSj csVh us nks oVo`{kksa dks ckagksa esa Hkj

fy;k rks muds xHkZ ls ½f"k fo'okfe=k vkSj ½f"k ;enfXu dk tUe gqvkA

ckS¼ tkrd gfÙkiky esa dFkk vkrh gS fd ,d L=kh ds lkr csVs gq,A os mls oVo`{k dh iwtk

ls ojnku ds :i esa feysA

eq[; oVo`{kksa dk n'kZu djuk 12 o"kZ ds ri ds leku ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ;fn dksbZ bl o`{k

ds fdlh Hkkx dh HkLe ey ys rks og lHkh ikiksa ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA

fganqvksa ds /eZ'kkL=kksa esa mYys[k gS fd Hkxoku fo".kq dk tUe oVo`{k dh Nk;k esa gh gqvk FkkA

Hkkjr esa ,d çkphu f'kYi csluxj esa feyk ftlesa dYio`{k dk fp=k.k gS] ;kuh ,slk isM+ tks lcdh

bPNk iwjh djsA vc ;g ewfrZ dydÙkk ds bafM;u E;wft;e esa j[kh gSA vkuan dqekjLokeh us bls

igpku dj crk;k fd blesa oV dk o`{k gh n'kkZ;k x;k gSA nsorkvksa ds jktk bUæ dks viuh jkuh ds

lkFk oVo`{k ds uhps cSBk gqvk fn[kk;k x;k vkSj o`{k dh 'kk[kkvksa ls yksx vkHkw"k.k] oL=k] [kk| inkFkZ

vkSj is; inkFkZ bdV~Bs dj jgs gSaA oV o`{k dk ,d uke vxLR;oV Hkh gS vkSj bldks vejRo dk Hkh

çrhd ekuk x;kA tc çy; gqbZ vkSj iwjh i`Foh Mwc xbZ rks f'k'kq ds :i esa ckyeqdaqn Hkxoku us cjxn

dh iÙkh ij gh ysVdj viuh j{kk dh vkSj rSjrs jgsA

ihiy

Hkkjr ds ifo=k o`{kksa esa ihiy (iQkbdl fjyhftvkslk) dh efgek vijEikj gSA laLd`r esa bl

o`{k dk uke gS ^v'oRFk* bldk vFkZ gksrk gS] tgka ?kqM+lky gksA bls ^cks/æqe* Hkh dgk x;k gS &

cqf¼ çnku djus okyk o`{kA

bldk uke ^ihiy* dSls iM+k \ ihiy ds o`{k esa vkSj iksiyj vkSj mlh oa'k ds ,Liu o`{kksa esa

,d lekurk ;g gS fd buds pkSM+s iÙks gYdh lh gok esa fgyus yxrs gSaA tc Hkkjr esa ços'k djus

231

okys vk;ksZa us bl o`{k dks ns[kk rks mUgksaus iÙkksa ds dkj.k bls iksiyj ;k iIiy uke ns fn;k] D;ksafd

mÙkjh vk{kka'kksa esa mxus okyk og o`{k mudk ns[kk Hkkyk FkkA vc Hkh bVyh esa jksis gq, ihiy dks

^iksiqyks Msys b.Mh* (populo delle indie) dgrs gSa ;kuh bafM;u iksiyjA vaxzstksa us Hkkjr ds

isM+&ikS/ksa dk losZ{k.k djds tc ;gka dh ouLifr ds dks'k (Ýyksjk bafMdk vkfn) cuk, rks mUgksaus

ihiy dk o.kZu djrs gq, ;gh fy[kk & iksiyj dh ifÙk;ksa okyk vathj dk isM+A

ihiy dk o.kZu Hkkjr ds çkphure lkfgR; esa loZ=k feyrk gSA oSfnd dky esa bldh lw[kh

Vgfu;ksa dks vkil esa Vdjkdj vkx iSnk djrs FksA bls ije ifo=k ekuk tkrk gS] blfy, Hkwydj Hkh

ugha dkVk tkrkA ;g Hkh f=knsoksa & czãk] fo".kq] egs'k & ls tqM+k gSA tM+ esa czãk] rus esa fo".kq vkSj

gj iÙkh esa egs'k ;kuh 'kadj Hkxoku dk okl gSA v'oRFk L=kks=k esa dgk x;k gS % ^^eSa ifo=k v'oRFk

o`{k dks ç.kke djrk gw¡] ftlds ewy esa czãk] LrEHk esa fo".kq rFkk i.kksZa esa f'ko dk fuokl gSA** ,d

vkSj ikSjkf.kd dFkk ;g gS fd fo".kq Hkxoku ihiy ds o`{k ds uhps gh iSnk gq, FksA blfy, ihiy dks

Hkh fo".kq dk çrhd ekuk tkrk gSA ,d le; f'ko vkSj ikoZrh ,dkar esa çsekyki dj jgs Fks fd vU;

nsork rkd&>kad djus yxsA ikoZrh dks cgqr cqjk yxk vkSj mUgksaus Jki ns fn;k fd rqe o`{k cu

tkvksA czãk th iyk'k ds o`{k esa ifjofrZr gks x,A #æ nsork oV o`{k cu x, vkSj fo".kq ihiyA

ihiy dks o`{kksa esa czkã.k ekuk tkrk gSA blfy, czkã.k blds uhps iwtk djrs gSaA xqtjkr esa rks

ihiy dks gh czkã.k ekudj iwtk tkrk gS vkSj mls ifo=k tusÅ (;Kksiohr) iguk;k tkrk gSA ;g

ekuk tkrk gS fd tks Hkh ihiy dks dkVsxk mls czãgR;k dk iki yxsxk vkSj mldk iwjk ifjokj lekIr

gks tk,xkA tc ifjokj dk dksbZ iq#"k lnL; ej tkrk gS] rks ihiy dks Hkh czãHkkst esa 'kkfey fd;k

tkrk gSA

dqN leqnk;ksa esa ;g fo'okl çpfyr gS fd ijyksd esa vkRekvksa dks ikuh ugha feyrkA ihiy

ds ekè;e ls mUgsa ikuh fiyk;k tkrk gSA blfy, rhu ifo=k fnuksa esa ihiy ij v?;Z p<+k;k tkrk gS%

232

dkfrZd ds d`".k i{k esa (eè; vDVwcj ls eè; uoEcj rd) vkSj Jko.k ds d`".k i{k esa (eè;

tqykbZ ls eè; vxLr rd) vkSj pS=k ds 'kqDy i{k dh prqnZ'kh dks (ekpZ ds var esa)A

çk;% ihiy dk fookg fuEc (uhe) ;k dnyh (dsyk) ds o`{k ds lkFk djk;k tkrk gSA tc

;s o`{k ikl&ikl mxsa rks mUgsa ifr&iRuh ekuk tkrk gSA vekoL;k ds fnu vxj lkseokj gqvk rks

xzkeoklh nksuksa o`{kksa ds chp çrhdkRed fookg djkrs gSa vkSj mudh iwtk djrs gSaA buds pkjksa vksj

dykok cka/us ds ckn 108 ckj o`{kksa dh ifjØek dh tkrh gS vkSj ;g fo'okl fd;k tkrk gS fd

blls leLr ikiksa dk {k; gks tk,xkA

caxky esa ukxksa dh nsoh ealk dh iwtk gksrh gS vkSj ekuk tkrk gS fd og ihiy ij gh fuokl

djrh gSA Hkxoku d`".k tc ihiy ds o`{k ds uhps foJke dj jgs Fks rks mlh le; ,d f'kdkjh dk

rhj yxus ij mUgksaus çk.k R;kxs FksA

cks/ x;k esa ihiy ds uhps gh jktdqekj fl¼kFkZ dks cks/ çkIr gqvk Fkk] blfy, ckS¼ /eZ esa

Hkh ihiy dks ifo=k ekuk tkrk gSA rc ls bldks cksf/o`{k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA phuh ;k=kh g~osu lkax us

bl o`{k dk C;kSjk fn;k gSA mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd tc çkphu dky esa Hkxoku cq¼ thfor Fks rks cks/

x;k dk ihiy dbZ lkS iQqV yack FkkA cq¼ ds vuq;k;h Le`fr fpg~u ds :i esa bl ihiy dh Vgfu;ka

rksM+&rksM+ dj ys tkrs jgs vkSj vc ;g o`{k eqf'dy ls 50 iQqV Åapk jg x;k gSA cq¼ dks bl o`{k

ds uhps iw.kZ Kku gqvk] blfy, bldks ^lE;d lEcksf/ o`{k* dgk x;kA bl ihiy dh Nky ihykiu

fy, liQsn jax dh gksrh gS vkSj ifÙk;ka xgjh gjh gksrh gSaA ifÙk;ka iwjs o"kZ pedhyh jgrh gSaA Hkxoku

cq¼ ds fuokZ.k fnol ij vpkud ifÙk;ka eqj>kdj yVd tkrh gSa] ekuks 'kksd euk jgh gksaA dqN le;

ckn fiQj igys tSlh gks tkrh gSaA fuokZ.k fnol ds fnu vusd jktdqekj ,d=k gksdj bl o`{k dh tM+ksa

dks lqxaf/r b=k p<+kdj nw/ ls ugykrs gSaA

233

Jhyadk esa Hkh ihiy dk ifo=k o`{k yxHkx 2150 o"kZ iqjkuk gSA ;g ekuk tkrk gS tc rd

;g o`{k jgsxk rc rd ckS¼ /eZ ds drkZ/rkZ cus jgsaxsA blfy, bldh vPNh rjg ns[kHkky dh tkrh

gSA

iwohZ mÙkj çns'k dh vo/h Hkk"kk esa ihiy ds ckjs esa ,d yksdksfDr pyh vk jgh gS ftls

çsrkRekvksa dks 'kkar djus ds fy, ;k fdlh ds nq"Vrkiw.kZ O;ogkj ds fy, cksyk tkrk gSA ;g yksdksfDr

bl çdkj gS %

^^ts txnhiu uxj mtkM+y jk{kl NksM+y ihij

ls txnhik vkor ck:] gkFks ys ys ewlj**

;kuh

ftl txnhik us 'kgj mtkM+k vkSj ftlds dkj.k jk{kl ihiy NksM+dj Hkkx x,] og vc vius gkFk esa Hkwly ysdj vk jgk gSA

txnhik dh dFkk ;g gS fd og cM+h >xM+kyw vkSjr FkhA og xkao esa fcuk ckr gj fdlh ls

fHkM+ tkrhA xkyh&xykSt djrh vkSj bZaV&iRFkj mBkdj ekj nsrhA mldh otg ls xkao okys cM+s nq[kh

gq, vkSj cgqr ls xkao NksM+dj dgha vkSj tkdj cl x,A

,d fnu ,slk vk;k fd ,slk dksbZ ugha cpk] ftlls txnhik yM+rh vkSj viuh HkM+kl

fudkyrhA ysfdu txnhik bruh <hB Fkh fd >kMw mBkbZ vkSj xkao esa [kM+s ihiy ij gh fiy iM+h vkSj

mls xkfy;ka nsus yxhA ml isM+ esa ,d jk{kl jgrk FkkA og cM+k fuMj Fkk] vkSj dqN fnu mldh

cnrehth cnkZ'r djrk jgkA vkf[kj dkj mldh Hkh fgEer tokc ns xbZ vkSj ihiy dk isM+ NksM+dj

Hkkx [kM+k gqvkA og Hkh dgha vkSj jgus yxkA

ihiy dk isM+ cgqr cM+k gksrk gSA Nky gydk Hkwjkiu fy, liQsn vkSj fpduh gksrh gSA bldh

ijrsa&lh m/M+rh gSA ubZ dksiysa Hkh cM+h fpduh vkSj pednkj gksrh gSA ifÙk;ka gkFk ds vkdkj dh

gksrh gSa vkSj MaBy yack gksrk gSA ubZ ifÙk;ksa dk jax xqykch ped fy, cM+k eksgd yxrk gSA cM+h

234

ifÙk;ka Hkh fpduh gksrh gSa] ij l[r gksdj peM+s lh gks tkrh gSA ân; ds vkdkj dh bu ifÙk;ksa dk

fljk iryk vkSj uqdhyk gksrk gS vkSj uksad vkxs fudyh jgrh gSA tjk lh gok pyus ij gh ifÙk;ka

>weus yxrh gSa vkSj mudh eeZj èofu cgqr e/qj yxrh gSA

iQwy cgqr NksVs vkSj jaxghu gksrs gSa vkSj ifÙk;ksa ds MaBy vkSj 'kk[kk ds dksuksa ls tksM+ksa esa

iQwVrs gSaA iQy igys gjk vkSj fpduk gksrk gS vkSj idus ij xqykch gks tkrk gSA vathj&tSlk exj

cgqr NksVk iQy fpfM+;ksa vkSj pexknM+ksa dks cgqr ilan gSA vk;qcsZfnd vkS"kf/;ks esa ihiy ds o`{k dk

gj fgLlk dke vkrk gSA ifÙk;ka ÅaVksa vkSj gkfFk;ksa dks f[kykbZ tkrh gSA Nky esa Vsfuu gksrk gSA Nky

peM+s dh flykbZ vkSj yky jax cukus esa dke vkrh gSA

tc Hkhe us rkdr fn[kkbZ

eqfM+;k vkfnokfl;ksa dh yksddFkk% egkçHkq us euq";] tho&tarq vkSj isM+&ikS/s iSnk fd,A euq";

viuh fxurh vkSj rkdr c<+krk x;k vkSj mlus xkao cuk,A O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus ds fy, egkçHkq us

fpydk dks euq";ksa dk jktk cuk fn;kA fpydk us jktdkt pykus ds fy, viuh ljdkj dk;e dhA

egkçHkq us gj xkao esa ,d eqf[k;k vkSj pkSdhnkj Hkh cuk fn;kA fiQj tkuoj Hkh cgqr gks x,A egkçHkq

us mudk Hkh jktk vkSj pkSdhnkj cuk fn;kA

,d ckj gsefxfj esa o`{kksa dh lHkk gqbZA mUgksaus egkçHkq ls f'kdk;r dh] ^vkius lcds fy,

ljdkj cuk nhA gekjk D;k gksxkA gekjh j{kk djus ds fy, rks dksbZ ugha gSA dksbZ ugha gS tks gekjs

fy, yM+sA*

ogka ls egkcyh Hkhe xqtj jgs FksA ;s bÙks lkjs isM+ ;gka D;ksa tek gks x, gSa*] mUgsa cM+k

vk'p;Z gqvkA os nkSM+dj gsefxfj ioZr dh pksVh ij igqap x, vkSj isM+ksa ls iwNk fd ^vki yksx ;gka

D;ksa bdV~Bs gq, gSa*A isM+ksa us egkcyh Hkhe dks viuh leL;k crkbZA

235

^eSa ij[kwaxk fd rqe esa lcls cyoku dkSu gSA* ;g dgdj Hkhe us gj isM+ dks /Ddk nsuk

'kq: fd;kA lkjs isM+ Hkhe ds /Dds ls ,d&nwljs ij fxj iM+sA cl beyh] ihiy vkSj cjxn ds isM+

vfMx [kM+s jgsA Hkhe us egkçHkq ls bl vktekb'k dh ckr crk;hA

egkçHkq vkdk'k ls mrjdj gsefxfj vk igqapsA mUgkasus beyh ds isM+ dks jktk cuk fn;k] vkSj

cjxn ds isM+ dks ea=khA D;ksafd cjxn dk isM+ viuh 'kk[kk,a&ç'kk[kk,a pkjksa vksj iQSykdj iwjh /jrh

dh [kcj ys ldrk FkkA ihiy ds isM+ dks pkSdhnkj cuk;k vkSj dgk ^tc Hkh rst gok ;k vka/h

vk,xh] rqe igys gh reke isM+ksa dks lko/ku dj nksxsA*

blfy, rfud&lh gok pyrs gh ihiy dh ifÙk;ka 'kksj epkus yxrh gSaA

dqpyk (fLVªDuksl) dqy (yksxsfu,lh)

bl dqy ds fLVªDyksl oa'k dk uke ^fLVªfDuu* ls iM+k gSA fLVªfDuu cgqr xgjk tgj gS vkSj

;g fLVªuksl uDl&oksfedk uked Hkkjrh; Lih'kht rFkk fLVªDuksl VksDlhiQsjk uked nf{k.k vejhdh Lih'kht

ls cuk;k tkrk gSA ysfdu oSls fLVªDuksl oa'k esa ,slh Lih'kht cgqr de gSa] ftudk vlj tgjhyk

gksrk gksA ;gka ij ge bl yksxsfu,lh dqy dh ppkZ blfy, dj jgs gSa fd gekjh bl dqy dh nks

Lih'kht esa fnypLih gS % fLVªDuksl fLiukslk] ftlds isM+ taxyh ukjaxh iSnk djrs gSa vkSj fLVªDuksl

dksdwykWbM~l tks eadh vksjast iSnk djrh gSA

taxyh ukjaxh vkSj eadh vksjsat ds isM+ dksbZ cgqr cM+s ugha gksrsA

cksRlokuk esa eadh vksjsat dk ,d vPNh fdLe dk isM+ ,d ckj dh iQyr ds ekSle esa 400

ls 600 fdyksxzke cM+s&cM+s iQy (700 ls 800 dh fxurh esa) iSnk djrk gSA ;g taxy esa mxrk feyk

FkkA bl iQy dks lM+d fdukjs cspus okys dksbZ 20&22 #i;s dk ,d iQy csprs gSaA bl rjg ,d isM+

ls yxHkx lk<+s Ng gtkj #i;s dh iQly fey tkrh gSA cksRlokuk ds vf/drj vkSlr fdlku lky

236

Hkj esa xk<+k ilhuk cgkus ds ckn ftruh dekbZ ikrs gSa] ;g ,d jde mlls cgqr T;knk gSA bldk

eryc ;g gS fd bl jsfxLrkuh iQyo`{k dks mxkdj ,d xjhc xzkeh.k ifjokj dh vkenuh nqxuh ls

T;knk dh tk ldrh gSA taxyh ukjafx;ksa dk dSyksjh eku 420 kJ/100 xzke vkadk x;k gS] tks fd

vkyw ls 40 çfr'kr vf/d gSA

voksdkMks dqy (ykWjslh)

ykWjslh dqy esa 2500 Lih'kht 'kkfey gSa] ftuesa ls fu%lansg voksdkMks lcls egRoiw.kZ gSA rkM+

dqy vkSj esok okys isM+ksa dks NksM+ nsa rks voksdkMks lcls ikSf"Vd iQy gS] ftlds isM+ bl le; cM+h

la[;k esa mxk, tk jgs gSaA bldk dSyksjh eku 685kJ/100 xzke gS vkSj blesa fpdukbZ rFkk çksVhu dk

mi;ksxh feJ.k gSA iQy esa 20&30 çfr'kr rsyka'k gksrk gS] blfy, bldks dHkh&dHkh xjhcksa dk

eD[ku Hkh dg nsrs gSaA ysfdu bl ij cgl dh xqatkb'k gS fd xk; ds nw/ ls cuk;k eD[ku csgrj gS

;k voksdkMks ls fudkyk x;k rsyA

voksdkMks ds rsy esa vf/drj va'k vksfyd ,flM dk gksrk gS] blfy, bldh fpdukbZ lsgr

ds fy, cgqr vPNh gSA blls ân;&jksxksa dh jksdFkke gksrh gSA

voksdkMks ds lcls yacs o`{kksa dh yackbZ yxHkx 20 ehVj gksrh gSA

çfr gSDVj lcls vf/d iQy 20 Vu rd gksrs gSa] ysfdu vkSlr mit cgqr de gS] ;gh dksbZ

5 vkSj 10 VuA vf/d iks"kd eku ds dkj.k bl de iSnkokj dk Hkh ekuo iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls cM+k

egRo gSA p;ukRed çtuu ls iQyksa dh mit dkiQh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA vizQhdk dh mPp Hkwfe;ksa esa

mxus okys isM+ksa esa ,sls Hkh gSa tks iQyr ds ,d ekSle esa 800 fdyksxzke rd iQy iSnk djrs gSaA

237

voksdkMks ^ikmikm* dh rjg gh nqfu;k dks eè; vejhdk ds vkfnokfl;ksa dh nsu gSA vtVsd

vkSj e; vkfnoklh bls cM+h la[;k esa mxkrs FksA vuqeku gS fd bl iQyo`{k dk ?kjsywdj.k dksbZ 8000

lky igys 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA

diwj (dSEiQj) iSnk djus okyk o`{k (flukeksee dSEiQksjk) Hkh blh dqy dk lnL; gSA blds

lcls cM+s lkFkh dkiQh yacs&pkSM+s gks tkrs gSaA tkiku ds dkuks esa dkxksf'kek esa ,d eafnj ds vgkrs esa

[kM+k diwj dk o`{k cgqr çfl¼ gSA da/s dh ÅpkbZ rd blds rus dh eksVkbZ lkr ehVj ukih xbZ gSA

bl o`{k dh ,d rhljh Lih'kht Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA ;g iwohZ vizQhdk esa ikbZ tkrh gSA ;g Hkh

diwj iSnk djrh gSA bldk uke ogka dh LFkkuh; ek"kk esa eqFkSVh (vksdkfVvk mlEcjsafll) gSA bldk

ruk Hkh cM+k eksVk gksrk gS vkSj bldk O;kl rhu ehVj ls Hkh T;knk gks tkrk gSA yackbZ esa 50 ehVj

rd igqap tkus ds dkj.k bldh fxurh iwohZ vizQhdk ds lcls yacs&rxM+s isM+ksa esa dh tkrh gSA ;g

o`{k vc ogka gj txg bDdk&nqDdk gh jg x;k gSA blfy, cM+s isM+ <wa< ikuk eqf'dy gSA ysfdu

,slh viq"V fjiksVZsa feyh gSa fd fxjs gq, isM+ksa esa ls dqN ds ruksa dk ?ksjk lkr ;k vkB ehVj Hkh ukik

x;kA

ys[kd us Lo;a ,d eqfjaxk o`{k (dksfMZ;k vizQhdkuk) dks ml le; ukik] tc og mlh le;

fxjk;k x;k FkkA ;g dsU;k ds fdjuh;kxk ftys dh ckr gSA bl isM+ ds rus dh da/s rd eksVkbZ lk<+s

pkj ehVj FkhA tcfd fdrkcksa esa ;gh fy[kk gS fd eqfjaxk ds rus dk O;kl ,dk/ ehVj ls T;knk ugha

gksrkA bl bykds esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ eqFkSVh o`{k mxrk gks] ysfdu cqtqxZ crkrs gSa fd bl taxy dk og

lcls eksVk isM+ FkkA os eqfjaxk dks eqFkSVh ds ckn taxy dk nwljk cM+k isM+ ekurs gSaA mudk dguk gS

fd eqFkSVh rks eqfjaxk ls cgqr yacs&rxM+s gksrs FksA blls yxrk gS fd vkB&vkB ehVj eksVs rus okys

eqFkSVh&o`{kksa dh ckr esa dqN rks lPpkbZ gSA

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ckvksckc dqy (cksEcsdslh)

ckvksckc (,Mulksfu;k fMftVkVk) dkcZu&lap; dh n`f"V ls fo'o dk lcls egRoiw.kZ o`{k cu

ldrk gSA

;g lgh gS fd fldks;k vkSj lsDokMsf.Mªu ds o`{k çfr gSDVj ckvksckc ls Hkh T;knk tSo

dkcZu dk lap; djrs gSaA ysfdu bldh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha gS fd fldks;k vkSj lsDokMsf.Mªu dks cgqr

cM+s {ks=k esa mxk;k tk,] D;ksafd os ekuo ds [kkus ;ksX; dqN Hkh iSnk ugha djrsA

ckvksckc vizQhdh egk}hi ds ,d frgkbZ {ks=k esa Nk;k gqvk gSA ;kuh dqy feykdj yxHkx

100 djksM+ gSDVj {ks=k esaA ckvksckc dk çkd`frd {ks=k lkgsy vkSj lwMku ls ysdj nf{k.k vizQhdk esa

Vªkaloky jkT; rd iQSyk gqvk gSA ckvksckc cgqr lw[kh fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh mxrs gSa vkSj vR;ar o"kkZ okys

rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa HkhA

lkFk gh ;g Hkh laHko gS fd vxj vf/drj ugha rks vusd yksx tks bl {ks=k eas jgrs gSa] os

ckvksckc ds vla[; mi;ksxksa ds dkj.k bl isM+ dks mxkuk pkgsaxsA vkSj Hkh cgqr ls isM+ gSa] tks

ckvksckc dh rjg lw[kh fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh jg ldrs gSa] ysfdu ftl rjg ckvksckc lw[ks dk Hkh MVdj

eqdkcyk djrk gS] oSlk dksbZ vkSj isM+ ugha dj ldrkA ckvksckc dk ruk cgqr eksVk gks tkrk gS vkSj

tM+sa Hkh cgqr iQSy tkrh gsa vkSj buesa ;g isM+ ikuh dh Hkkjh ek=kk tek dj ysrk gSA

ouLifr oSKkfud osjksfudk :MVh dk dguk gS fd %

^^blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd ckvksckc ouLifr oSKkfudksa ds chp vizQhdk dk lcls

cgqpfpZr isM+ gS vkSj cM+k gh fo'kky vkSj 'kkunkj o`{k gSA lkFk gh ns[kus esa ;g fdlh izkxSfrgkfld

;qx dk Lekjd&lk yxrk gS vkSj vizQhdk ds ikl tks çkd`frd oSHko gS mlesa ;g lcls vkd"kZd

fojklr esa 'kkfey gSA¸

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cM+s ckvksckc o`{k ds rus dk vkSlr O;kl yxHkx ikap ehVj gksrk gS] ysfdu ukS ;k nl ehVj

dk O;kl Hkh fey tkrk gSA

lcls eksVs rus okyk ckvksckc ukius ds ckn fxjk fn;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu mlds rus dk O;kl

18 ehVj ukik x;k FkkA ;g lnk ds fy, fo'o&fjdkMZ jgsxkA bl le; tks çtkfr nf{k.k vizQhdk esa

Hkh [kM+h gqbZ gS] mlus 47 ehVj txg ?ksjh gqbZ gSA

ckvksckc ds o`{k cgqr Åaps ugha tkrs ysfdu mudh cgqr eksVkbZ ds dkj.k vis{kkd`r NksVk

ckvksckc Hkh dkiQh ydM+h iSnk djrk gSA o`{k dh fofp=k vkd`fr Hkh mlesa vf/d ydM+h cuus esa

ennxkj gSA rus dh eksVkbZ ftruh tehu ds ikl gksrh gS] yxHkx mruh gh Åij tgka ruk [kRe gksrk

gS] ogka rd gksrh gSA isM+ dh eksVkbZ nks vk;keksa esa vkSj yackbZ ,d vk;ke esa ukih tkrh gSa] blfy,

dqN eksVs ckvksckc dks dk"B&mRiknu dh n`f"V ls uhpk ekuk tk ldrk gS] tks xyr gksxkA vxj

lcls eksVs ckvksckc dk ruk 18 ehVj eksVk ukik x;k Fkk vkSj mldh yackbZ 15 ehVj Fkh] rks dsoy

rus esa gh ydM+h cSBsxh pkj gtkj ?ku ehVjA

ckvksckc o`{kksa dh tM+ksa ij cgqr vuqla/ku ugha gqvk gSA ysfdu vis{kkd`r lw[ks bykdksa esa

vf/drj isM+ksa dk nks&frgkbZ ck;ksekl dHkh&dHkh tehu ds uhps gksrk gSA gks ldrk gS fd ;g fu;e

ckvksckc ds isM+ksa ij ykxw u gksrk gks] ysfdu muds fo'kky tM+&ra=k vkSj eksVs rus vkSj Vgfu;ksa esa

lafpr dkcZu dh ek=kk fiQj Hkh de ugha cSBsxhA

ckvksckc dh ydM+h dksey] Liath vkSj gydh gksrh gS vkSj mldk futZy Hkkj 0-32 gksrk gSA

dkcZu lap; dh n`f"V ls bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd isM+ksa dh vU; çtkfr;ksa ds eqdkcys ckvksckc

dh ydM+h esa çfr ?ku ehVj de dkcZu gksrk gSA ysfdu ydM+h dk Liath gksuk Hkh cM+k iQk;nsean gSA

D;ksafd bl [kwch dh otg ls ckvksckc esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk lap; vf/d lqjf{kr gS] D;ksafd

bldh ydM+h esa bruh ueh gksrh gS fd taxy esa dSlh gh vkx yxus ij ckvksckc ugha ty ldrkA

240

ueh ds vf/d va'k ds dkj.k gh ckvksckc dh ydM+h fdlh nfeZ;kuh ;k cM+s vkdkj ds rkih;

fctyh ?kj esa gh tykbZ tk ldrh gS] pwYgs esa ugha >ksadh tk ldrhA

lcls cM+s ckvksckc o`{k de ÅapkbZ ij vkerkSj ij rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa mxrs gSaA vizQhdk ds

jk"Vªh; ikdksZa esa nwj ls ckvksckc gh utj vkrs gSa] ysfdu vDlj nks ckvksckc ds chp lSdM+ksa ehVj ;k

fdyksehVj dk iQklyk gksrk gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k 'kk;n os gkFkh gSa] tks rhu lky ls NksVs ckvksckc

dks lewpk [kk tkus ds cM+s 'kkSdhu gSaA bldh ikS/ rks xk;&HkSal Hkh pck tkrh gSaA

cM+s ckvksckc igys cgqr cM+h la[;k esa ik, tkrs FksA ysfdu fiQj va/k/qa/ dVkbZ ds f'kdkj

gks x,A ckvksckc dh ydM+h bekjrh ydM+h ds fygkt ls fcYdqy csdkj gS] ysfdu dkxt cukus ds

fy, cgqr dke dh gSA ;g [kkst eSMkxkLdj esa lu~ 1916 esa dh xbZ Fkh vkSj tc rd ouLifr

foKku dh laLFkk,a muds cpko esa vkokt+ mBkrha fd vizQhdk ds nf{k.kh vkSj iwohZ Hkkxksa ls cM+s&cM+s

ckvksckcksa ij vkfj;ka py xbZaA

budh Nky dk vfr mi;ksxh js'kk Hkh ckvksckc dh xys dh iQkalh cu x;kA Nky mrkjdj]

dwVdj ikuh esa fHkxks,a rks Ms<+&Ms<+ ehVj yacs js'ks fudkys tk ldrs gSaA buls eNyh idM+us ds tky]

cksjs] ;gka rd fd diM+s Hkh cuk, tk ldrs gSaA

vc gekjs le; esa rks mu cgqr ls cM+s&cM+s bykdksa ls ckvksckc xk;c gh gks x, gSa] tgka

dHkh 'kku ls [kM+s jgrs FksA ysfdu nwljh vksj nsgkrksa vkSj nwj njkt ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa iqjkus ckvksckc

ds >qaM ds >qaM cfYd ?kus taxy Hkh fey tk,axsA gks ldrk gS fd bUgsa lfn;ksa lky igys ;k gtkjksa

lky igys vkneh us gh jksik gks ;k cht ls mxk;k gksA buesa ls dqN ckvksckc rks okLro esa euq";

}kjk dHkh Hkh mxk, x, ,sls lcls cqtqxksZa esa 'kqekj fd, tk ldrs gSa] tks vkt Hkh ftank gSaA gj xkao

ds vklikl ckvksckc dh NksVh&NksVh ouLFkfy;ka [kM+h djus dk fjokt fiQj ls pyk fn;k tk, rks

vizQhdh nsgkr esa [kk|&lqj{kk dh fLFkfr dks lq/kjus esa lpeqp vPNk iQdZ iM+sxkA dqN bykdksa esa rks

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;g flyflyk 'kq: Hkh gks x;k gSA yksx vius ?kjksa ds vklikl ckvksckc mxk jgs gSa vkSj Hkys gh nwljs

isM+ dkV nsa] ysfdu ckvksckc dh ikS/ dks Nwrs Hkh ughaA

tc fo'o okfudh dsUæ (World Forestry Center iwoZ uke & ICRAF - International

Center for Research on Agroforestry) ds oSKkfudksa us if'pe vizQhdk ds ikap ns'kksa esa yksxksa

ls ;g iwNk fd vius bykds esa os fdu LFkkuh; isM+ksa dks lcls mi;ksxh ekurs gSa] rks ckvksckc dks

rhu çFke LFkku] ,d f}rh; LFkku vkSj ,d rhljk LFkku feykA bldk dkj.k Hkh yksxksa us ;gh crk;k

fd ;g lw[ks esa Hkh iks"kd vkgkj miyC/ djkrk gS] blfy, os bls bruk Åapk LFkku nsrs gSaA

ckvksckc ds iQy cgqr cM+s gksrs gSaA mudk O;kl 30 lsaVhehVj gks ldrk gSA vius cM+s vkdkj

ds ckctwn os iks"kdrk esa Hkh de ugha gSA 100 xzke rkt+k iQy ls 1287kJ ÅtkZ feyrh gSA nwljs

'kCnksa esa ckvksckc iQy dk dSyksjh eku pkoy ds cjkcj gS vkSj vkyw ls pkj xquk T;knk gSA blesa

çksVhu dk va'k rhu çfr'kr gksrk gSA gj iQy esa yxHkx 100 cM+s&cM+s cht gksrs gSaA gj cht dk

vkdkj ,d ?ku lsaVhehVj ds djhc gksrk gSA cht Hkwudj [kk, tkrs gSa vkSj muesa 30 çfr'kr izksVhu

gksrk gS] 30 çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh gS vkSj 25 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV gksrk gSA

iQyksa dk [kksy dM+k vkSj dkf"By gksrk gS] blfy, os cM+s fVdkÅ gksrs gSaA mudk [kksy Hkh

cM+s dke dk gSA u, ikS/ksa dh ifÙk;ka vkSj tM+sa Hkh [kkbZ tk ldrh gsaA ifÙk;ka iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls

ikyd dh cjkcjh djrh gSa vkSj vusd vizQhdh ns'kksa esa vDlj mudh lCth cukbZ tkrh gSA

ckvksckc dk iQy foVkfeu ^lh* ls Hkjiwj gksrk gSA ifÙk;ksa esa foVkfeu ^,* dh Hkjekj gSA

igys ge crk pqds gSa fd foVkfeu ^,* dh deh ls cPpksa esa Mk;fj;k vkSj 'olu jksx ds dkj.k

e`R;qnj c<+ tkrh gS vkSj ;g us=kghurk dk Hkh lcls çeq[k dkj.k gSA vizQhdk ds vf/d lw[ks bykdksa

esa ckvksckc mxkdj bl leL;k ls vPNh rjg fuiVk tk ldrk gSA cl ,d gh dlj gS ckvksckc

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esa] fd blds chtksa ds rsy esa lar`Ir olk dh ek=kk tSrwu] Hkk:yk vkSj eksaxksxks ;k voksdkMks ds rsy

ls vf/d gksrh gSA

vizQhdh egk}hi esa ckvksckc dh ,d gh Lih'kht ikbZ tkrh gS] ysfdu eSMkxkLdj ds }hiksa esa

Ng Lih'kht mxrh gSaA buesa ls ,d ogh gS tks vizQhdh egk}hi esa ikbZ tkrh gSA ,Mulksfu;k fMftVkVk

ds eqdkcys ikap vU; Lih'kht ds xq.k vkSj tSfodh cgqr de Kkr gSaA ysfdu os bl dkfcy t:j gSa

fd 'kks/drkZ mu ij vf/d è;ku nsaA vizQhdk esa vkt Hkh dqN yksx ;g lksprs gSa fd ogka ckvksckc

ds u, isM+ ugha gSaA ,d çkphu yksd dFkk ds vuqlkj iqjkus vkSj iwjh rjg fodflr ckvksckc tSls gh

idrs gSa] mUgsa LoxZ ls uhps fxjk fn;k tkrk gSA bl rjg ds fo'okl D;ksa iuirs gSa] ;g le>uk

dfBu ugha gSA cgqr cM+k bykdk ,slk gS] ftlesa ckvksckc dk dksbZ u;k isM+ ugha FkkA vU; dkf"By

ouLifr;ksa ds lkFk os Hkh xk;c gks x,A ysfdu vizQhdk ds çkd`frd n`';ksa esa vdsyk cqtqxZ ckvksckc

;k muds >qaM vc Hkh] tgka gksrs gSa] ekgkSy ij Nk tkrs gSa vkSj fcYdqy ,sls yxrs gSa] tSls gekjs

vkids nknk tokuh esa fn[krs gksaxsA

;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd ckvksckc fdruh mez rd th ldrs gSa] ysfdu blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha

fd nqfu;k ds lcls iqjkus isM+ksa esa budh Hkh fxurh dh tkrh gSA ;fn ,Liu tSls o`{kksa dks bl rqyuk

ls fudky fn;k tk,] ftudh tM+sa cgqr yach dkykof/ rd iQSyrh jgrh gSa] rks gks ldrk gS fd

ckvksckc gh bl /jrh ds lcls yach mez okys isM+ lkfcr gksaA

ckvksckc ds rus esa o`f¼&oy; (growth rings) ugha curhaA blfy, mudh mez irk djus

dk ,d gh rjhdk gS fd jsfM;ks&dkcZu dh fof/ ls mudh vk;q ekywe dh tk,A tc ftEckcs ds

'kks/drkZvksa us ;g rjhdk viukdj ikap ehVj eksVs rus okys ,d ckvksckc o`{k dh mez ekih rks 1000

o"kZ dh fudyhA ftl isM+ dk ruk ukS ehVj eksVk Fkk] og 4000 o"kZ iqjkuk FkkA

243

irk ;g pyk gS fd viuh mez ds igys 270 o"kZ esa ckvksckc cM+h rsth ls c<+rs gSa vkSj bl

vof/ eas mudk ruk nks ehVj eksVk gks tkrk gSA mlds ckn c<+okj dh jÝrkj dkiQh ?kV tkrh gSA

MsfoM fyfoaxLVksu us ,d ckvksckc dks ekidj mldk o.kZu fd;k gSA tc 110 lky ckn mls fiQj ls

ekik x;k rks mldk ?ksjk cl 0-6 ehVj c<+k FkkA

,jksdsfj;k dqy (,jksdsfj,lh)

nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z esa ,jksdsfj;k Lih- 'kadq/kjh o`{kksa dh lcls egRoiw.kZ çtkfr gSA dqN çtkfr;ka]

[kklrkSj ls ,jksdsfj;k dkWyesfjl] ,jksdsfj;k dfua?kes;kuk vkSj ,sjksdsfj;k gsVsjksfiQyk 70 ehVj dh yackbZ rd

igqap tkrh gSA ,jksdsfj;k fcMfoykb ;k cwU;k&cwU;k ikbu Hkh 50 ehVj rd yack gks tkrk gSA lcls cM+s

isM+ dk ruk eksVkbZ esa rhu ehVj rd gks tkrk gSA

vusd çtkfr;ksa ds 'kadq iQyksa ds cht [kkus ;ksX; gksrs gSaA

nf{k.k vejhdk dh ,.Mht igkfM+;ksa esa nl yk[k ls vf/d ewy fuokfl;ksa dk eq[; vkgkj

,jksdsfj;k ,jksdkWuk ds cht gSaA vly esa ikS/ksa ds bl iwjs oa'k dk uke gh ,jksdsfj;u vkfnokfl;ksa ds

uke ij iM+k gSA

vkLVªsfy;k esa DohalyS.M ds vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, Hkh cwU;k ikbu dk egRo oSlk gh gS] tSls

,.Mht ds vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, ,jksdsfj;k ,jksdkWuk dkA cwU;k&cwU;k ds eknk 'kadq cgqr cM+s gksrs gSa]

30&30 lsaVhehVj yacs vkSj 23 lsaVhehVj pkSM+sA budk otu 5 fdyksxzke ls vf/d gksrk gSA gj

'kadqiQy esa lSdM+ksa iks"kd cht gksrs gSa] tks vkSlru 6&7 lsaVhehVj yacs vkSj 3 lsaVhehvj pkSM+s gksrs gSaA

,jksdsfj;k dkWyesfjl vkSj ,jksdsfj;k gsVsjksfiQyk ds cht vis{kkd`r cM+s gksrs gSaA mudk O;kl rhusd lsaVhehVj

gksrk gS] ysfdu nwljh vksj ,jksdsfj;k dfua?kfe;kuk ds cht brus NksVs gksrs gSa fd mudks vkgkj ds fy,

bdV~Bk djus dk dksbZ eryc ugha gSA

244

,jksdsfj;k o`{k dkiQh yacs gks tkrs gSa vkSj muds eq[; rus Hkkjh&Hkjde gks tkrs gSa vkSj D;ksafd

os dkiQh ek=kk esa [kkus ;ksX; cht Hkh iSnk djrs gSa] blfy, dkcZu&lap; dh n`f"V ls Hkh bu o`{kksa dk

fo'ks"k egRo gSA

;gka ,jksdsfj;k ds vykok blh dqy ds ,d vkSj thul dk cM+k gh 'kkunkj isM+ gS] ftldk

ftØ t:j fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g isM+ gS dkSM+h (vxsfFkl vkWLVªsfyl) tks fd nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z dh

lcls egRoiw.kZ çtkfr gSA HkwxksyosÙkk ,yudhLV ds vuqlkj ifjiDo dkSM+h o`{kksa ds rus dh vkSlr

eksVkbZ rhu ehVj gksrh gS vkSj vkSlr yackbZ 30 ehVj gSA ysfdu cgqr iqjkus dkSM+h tks 2000 o"kksZa ls

vf/d ds gksa & vkSj Hkh yacs pkSM+s gks ldrs gSaA budh yackbZ 60 ehVj vkSj eksVkbZ Ng ehVj rd tk

ldrh gSA ukis x, isM+ksa esa fxjk, tkus ij lcls cM+s isM+ esa dherh bekjrh ydM+h 889 ?kuehVj

fudyhA

dkSM+h dk lcls e'kgwj isM+ U;wthySaM esa vVksjk (Aotearoa) esa ik;k tkrk gSA vktdy ;g

52 ehVj yack gSA da/s rd blds rus dh eksVkbZ ikap ehVj gSA ogka ds vkfnoklh ekvksjh bl isM+ dks

^rkus egqVk* cksyrs gSa ;kuh ^isM+ksa dk jktk*A tc ;wjksi ds yksx U;wthySaM esa clus igqaps rks ml le;

Hkh 8]00]000 gSDVj esa dkSM+h o`{kksa ds fo'kky ou iQSys gq, FksA vc rks fldqM+dj 10]000 gSDVj esa

gh jg x, gSaA

xqykc dqy (jkstslh)

xqykc dqy esa 3000 Lih'kht+ gSa] ftuesa ls vf/drj isM+ ;k >kfM+;ka gSaA BaMs mÙkjh bykdksa esa

vf/drj iQyo`{k blh dqy ds lnL; gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, lsc (esyl Lih-)] uk'kikrh (ikbjl

Lih)] pSjh] [kqckuh (,çksdksV)] vkMw (ihp)] usDVjhu] cknke (vkyeksaM) vkSj vywpk ;k vkywcq[kkjk

(çwul Lih-)] yqdkV (,fj;kscksfVª;k Lih-)A vkSj gka xqykc (jkstk Lih-) Hkh blh dqy dk lnL; gSA

lkFk gh taxyh jliQy (cSjh) iSnk djus okyh oSDlhfu;e tSls ikS/ksa dh taxyh >kfM+;ka Hkh blh dqy

245

dh lnL; gSaA ;gka ge bl dqy ds dsoy nks oa'kksa ij gh fopkj dsfUær djsaxs & lsc vkSj jksosu (;k

igkM+h ,'k)A

nqfu;k ds vf/drj bykdksa esa vdky ds fnuksa esa yksx taxyh isM+ksa ds dan&ewy&iQy [kkdj

gh ftank jgrs vk, gSa vkSj budks ifo=k o`{k ekurs jgs gSaA fiQuySaM ds ewyfuokfl;ksa] fiQu yksxksa vkSj

vU; fiQu&mfxzd yksxksa] ds fy, lcls ifo=k o`{k Fkk jksou (lkscZl vkWdwisfj;k)A vkt Hkh fiQuyS.M esa

;g o`{k djhc&djhc gj ?kj ds vklikl mxk;k tkrk gSA

jksosu dksbZ cgqr cM+k isM+ ugha gSA fiQuySaM esa lcls cM+k jksou vf/d ls vf/d 20 ehVj

yack vkSj 70 lsaVhehVj eksVk gksrk gSA ysfdu bldk egRo blfy, gS fd ;g csgn BaMs bykdksa esa]

tgka dsEczk ikbu vkSj lhcdFkksuZ thul (fgiksiQh Lih-) ds vykok 'kk;n gh dksbZ isM+ mxrk gks] ml

ciQkZuh tyok;q esa Hkh [kkus ;ksX; jliQyksa dh cgqr vPNh iQly iSnk djrk gSA jksosu dh ydM+h Hkh

cM+h mEnk] dherh vkSj etcwr gksrh gS vkSj vksd (ckat) rFkk chp tSls o`{kksa dh ydM+h ls bldh

DokfyVh cgqr vPNh gSA blhfy, bldks dHkh&dHkh mÙkj dk egksxuh Hkh dg nsrs gSaA

jksosu ds cxhpksa dh çfr gSDVj mit ds vkadM+s feyus dfBu gSaA blds isM+ jliQyksa (cSjh)

dh iQly ,d pØ esa iSnk djrs gSaA Hkjiwj iQlyksa ds chp esa vkerkSj ij ,d ;k nks lky jliQyksa

dh iQly csgn de gksrh gSA lu~ 1998 dk lky bl fygkt ls vPNk lky Fkk vkSj ml lky

fiQuySaM dh LoSfPNd laLFkk lh-bZ-Mh- (dks,fy'ku iQkWj ,Uok;jues.V ,.M Msoyies.V) us ,d 12

ehVj yacs jksosu o`{k oj fuxkg j[khA ;g cM+s isM+ksa ds chp esa mx jgk Fkk vkSj blls 180 fdyksxzke

jliQy feysA bl o`{k ds N=k dk O;kl vkSlru lkr ehVj FkkA blfy, dsoy blh dh o`{k [ksrh dh

tk, rks ,d gSDVj esa blh vkdkj ds nks lkS isM+ yxk, tk ldrs gSaA

blds jl iQy vklkuh ls rksM+s tk ldrs gSa vkSj vis{kkd`r iks"kd gksrs gSaA budk dSyksjh eku

vkyw ls dqN de gksrk gS (pkoy ds dSyksjh&eku dk ,d pkSFkkbZ) vkSj buesa foVkfeu ^,* vkSj ^lh*

246

vius mi;ksxh :i esa dkiQh ek=kk esa ik, tkrs gSaA ysfdu blds jliQyksa dk mi;ksx lhfer gksus dk

cgqr cM+k dkj.k gS muesa vEyh; va'k dh vf/drkA vf/drj jliQy ekuo vkgkj dh n`f"V ls cM+s

[kV~Vs gksrs gSaA

vxj rhu çfr'kr ued ds ?kksy esa bu jliQyksa dks nks fnu rd Mqcksdj j[kk tk, rks muds

vanj dh [kVkl de dh tk ldrh gSA blds ckn mUgsa ckgj fudky dj xquxqus ikuh ls /ks,a vkSj

fiQj [kk,aA nwljk lek/ku ;gh gS fd ehBs jliQy okys jksosu dk çtuu fd;k tk,A ;g vf/d

dfBu ugha gksxk D;ksafd dqN taxyh jksosu lpeqp gh ehBs jliQy isnk djrs gSaA ,sls isM+ksa dks [kkstus

ds fy, if{k;ksa dk ihNk djuk gksxkA vkerkSj ij os gh taxy ds lcls ehBs iQyksa dk lcls igys

Hkksx yxkrs gSaA

fiQuySaM ds /qj mÙkj esa tgka dHkh&dHkh BaM 'kwU; ls 50 fMxzh lsfYl;l uhps pyh tkrh gS]

jksosu gh ,dek=k o`{k gS tks cM+h ek=kk esa jliQy iSnk djrk gSA ySiySaM ds igkM+ksa ij mxus okys jksosu

o`{kksa us gks ldrk gS] blls Hkh de rkieku esa thuk lh[k fy;k gksA

vPNh rknkn esa jliQy iSnk djus okys vf/drj cM+s jksosu o`{k uaxh pV~Vkuksa ij mxrs gSaA

budh tM+s pV~Vkuksa ds chp dh njkjksa esa vius fy, txg cuk ysrh gSa vkSj muds vanj ?kqldj ueh

vkSj iks"kdrRoksa ls iwjs isM+ dks lhaprh jgrh gSaA

mÙkjh {ks=kksa ds vfrfjDr fgeky; vkSj ,aMht ds Åaps ioZrksa eas Hkh jksosu dk [kk|&mRiknd o`{k

ds :i esa dqN mi;ksx gks ldrk gSA fgUnwdq'k fgeky; {ks=k esa lkscZl oa'k ds o`{kksa dh vusd LFkkuh;

çtkfr;ka mxrh gSa vkSj mudk ?kjsywdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS rkfd ftu Åapkb;ksa ij nwljs isM+ ugha mx

ikrs ogka bu [kk|&mRiknd o`{kksa dks mxk;k tk ldsA ç;ksx ds rkSj ij lksoZl dh dqN Lih'kht

,.Mht ds Åaps igkM+ksa esa mxkdj ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA

247

vf/d mÙkjh v{kka'kksa esa taxy ls ykdj ikyk x;k lsc (esyl MksesfLVdk) fu'p; gh ogka

mxus okys lHkh iQyo`{kksa dk lezkV gSA

Hkkjr esa lsc dh loksZÙke mit 60 Vu çfr gSDVj rd ntZ dh xbZ gSA lsc ds iks"kd xq.k

vkyw ls gh rqyuh; gSA vly esa tc izQkal esa igyh ckj vkyw igqapk rks mls ogka ds yksxksa us ^ike n

rsj* ^feV~Vh dk lsc* gh uke fn;k FkkA lsc ds o`{kksa dks mxus ds fy, dksbZ cgqr vPNh feV~Vh ugha

pkfg,A ftu igkM+h pksfV;ksa vkSj pV~Vkuh tehuksa esa ,do"khZ iQlysa ugha mxkbZ tk ldrha] ogka lsc ds

isM+ vklkuh ls mxk, tk ldrs gSaA

yxrk gS fd dqN taxyh lsc gekjs xqiQkoklh iwoZtksa us vius vkoklksa ds vklikl ik"kk.k;qx esa

Hkh mxk, gksaxsA bl le; tks ikyrw lsc mxk, tk jgs gSa] muesa reke taxyh çtkfr;ksa ds oa'kk.kq

?kqyfey x, gSaA blfy, ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd budh mRifÙk dk ewy LFkku dgka gSA

gtkjkas lkyksa esa lsc ds ckxksa dh mÙkjh lhek yxkrkj vkSj Hkh mÙkj dh vksj f[kldrh xbZA

mnkgj.k ds fy, 1200 lky igys lu 800 ds vklikl izQkal dks lsc mxkus ds yk;d ugha ekuk

tkrk Fkk] D;ksafd cgqr BaMk bykdk FkkA rc ls lsc ds ckx ogka Hkh lcls BaMs bykds esa mÙkj dh

vksj 1500 fdyksehVj rd tk igqaps gSaA

jliQy iSnk djus okyh cgqo"khZ >kfM+;ka gkykafd isM+ ugha gSa] ijarq mudk mYys[k djuk

vko';d gSA buds oSDlhfu;e vkSj ,EçsVe oa'kksa esa dbZ [kwfc;ka gSaA ,EçsVe >kfM+;ksa esa yxus okys

jliQy ØkscSjh dgykrs gSaA ;g >kM+h mÙkjh /zqo ds Vq.Mªk çns'k dh çeq[k ouLifr gS vkSj ogka cgqr

cM+s {ks=k esa mxrh gSA vdsys fiQuyS.M esa bu taxyh >kfM+;ksa ls o"kZ Hkj esa 150]000 ls 250]000 Vu

rd [kkus ;ksX; jliQy fey tkrs gSaA ;s >kfM+;ka fiQuySaM ds Vq.Mªk vkSj ySiySaM bykds esa mxrh gSaA

;g mÙkjh /zqo ds Vq.Mªk çns'k dk ek=k ,d çfr'kr Hkkx gSA blfy, iwjs Vq.Mªk çns'k esa ØkscSjh (dkxk

jliQy) cgqr Hkkjh rknkn esa iSnk gksrh gksxhA

248

oSDlhfu;e >kM+h dh çtkfr;ka mÙkj ds iwjs lnkcgkj ou esa isM+ksa ds uhps mxrh gSa vkSj bl

ou dk {ks=kiQy 200 yk[k oxZ fdyksehVj ;kuh nks vjc gSDVj ds djhc cSBsxkA

budh lcls egRoiw.kZ çtkfr gSa Øku cSjh (oSDlhfu;e okbfVl & vkbMkb;k) vkSj Cyw cSjh

(oSDlhfu;e fefVZfyl)A taxy esa isM+ksa ds uhps mxus okyh vU; ouLifr;ksa ds chp&chp esa ;s nksuksa

>kfM+;ka Hkh mx vkrh gsaA bl çdkj dh fLFkfr esa jliQyksa dh mit 10 vkSj 100 fdyksxzke çfr

gSDVj gks ldrh gSA ysfdu ;fn taxy ds fdlh fgLls esa ;s nksuksa >kfM+;ka nks eq[; :i ls cM+h ?kuh

mx jgh gksa ;k nksuksa esa ls dksbZ ,d NkbZ gqbZ gks] rks jliQy iSnk djus okyh >kfM+;ksa dh pVkbZ&lh iwjs

taxy esa fcN tkrh gSaA ,slh ,dy o`{k [ksrh ;k ,dy tSlh o`{k [ksrh esa CywcSjh dh okf"kZd iQly ls

2500 fdyksxzke rd jliQy fey ldrs gSaA blh rjg ØkucSjh ls 2100 fdyksxzke çfr gSDVj iQy

fey ldrs gSaA nksuksa çdkj ds jliQy vis{kkd`r iks"kd vkSj ¶ÝysoksukWbM & cgqy** gksrs gSaA

mÙkjh ouksa esa ou&çca/u esa cnyko ykdj fl¼karr% CywcSjh vkSj ØkucSjh dk mRiknu dbZ xquk

c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA vHkh rks ;g gks jgk gS fd ou esa ,d NksVk&lk VqdM+k >kM+h okyk gS] tks dqN

le; rd çR;sd o`f¼pØ esa gh Hkkjh ek=kk esa jliQy iSnk djrk gSA ;fn taxy esa CywcSjh vkSj

ØkucSjh dh ?kuh >kfM+;ka yxk nh tk,a rks os vdsyh mxsaxha vkSj chp esa nwljs ikS/s ;k >kfM+;ka ugha

mx ik,axsA bl rjg bu ?kuh >kfM+;ksa ls cgqr ek=kk esa jliQy feysaxsA vHkh rks bl rjg ds fdlh Hkh

ç;kl dh vk'kk djuk O;FkZ gS] D;ksafd cktkj esa bu jliQyksa ds ftrus nke feyrs gSa] mrus esa bUgsa

taxy esa tkdj rksM+dj ykus dh tger dksbZ ugha mBk;sxkA

mÙkjh ;wjksi vkSj lkbcsfj;k esa iQSyh fo'kky ue ihVHkwfe;ksa esa NksVh ØkucSjh (oSDlhfu;e

vkWDlhdksdl) vkSj mldh cM+h ppsjh cfgu cM+h CywcSjh (oSDlhfu;e ;wfythuksle) çk;% eq[; ikS/ksa

ds :i esa NkbZ jgrh gSaA ;s [kkus ;ksX; jliQy iSnk djrh gSa] ftudh mit çfr gSDVj 500&600

fdyksxzke rd igqap tkrh gSA

249

lhcdFkksuZ dqy (byhXuslh)

lhcdFkksuZ (fgiksiQh Lih-) ;k rks dVhyh >kfM+;ksa ds :i esa ;k o`{kksa ds :i esa mxrk gSA ;g

/qj mÙkj esa Åaps igkM+h bykdksa esa mxrk ik;k x;k gSA budh dqN çtkfr;ka 'kwU; ls 60 fMxzh uhps dh

BaM Hkh lg ysrh gSaA tgka vkSlr o"kkZ 200 feyhehVj ls de gks] ogka ;s ikS/s HkyhHkkafr mxrs gSa vkSj

Hk;adj lw[kk Hkh lg ysrs gSaA lhcdFkksuZ us fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds çfr Lo;a dks <ky fy;k gS vkSj os

de mitkÅ fefV~V;ksa esa Hkh mxrs jgrs gSaA bu isM+ksa dh tM+ksa esa xkaBs cukdj izQSafd;k thok.kq jgrs gSa]

tks gok ls ukbVªkstu [khap ldrs gSaA bl [kwch ds lkFk gh budk dkiQh xgjkbZ esa tkus esa l{ke tM+

ra=k bUgsa cph&[kqph&lh csdkj tehuksa esa Hkh viuh tM+as tekus yk;d cuk nsrk gSA

;g thul laHkor% fgeky; esa gh tueh ysfdu bldk çlkj ,YIl ls ysdj ckfYVd lkxj ds

rVorhZ {ks=kksa rd gks x;kA budh de ls de ikap fofHkUu çtkfr;ka [kksth xbZ gSa vkSj vusd

mitkfr;ka feyh gSaA

phu ds BaMs igkM+h {ks=kksa esa tc fiQj ls taxy clkus vkSj feV~Vh dk dVko jksdus ds ç;kl

'kq: fd, x, rks muds dsUæ esa lhcdFkksuZ gh fojkteku FkkA ;gka ij jksis x, lhcdFkksuZ dk {ks=kiQy

14 yk[k gSDVj rd rks c<+k;k tk pqdk gS] ftldk vf/dka'k phu ds fgLls esa vkrk gSA vc ;g

{ks=kiQy çfro"kZ 100]000 gSDVj dh nj ls c<+ jgk gSA lhcdFkksuZ dh yksdfç;rk ds dbZ dkj.k gSaA

;g cM+h ?kuh o`{kkoyh esa mxrk gS] blfy, feV~Vh dk dVko jksdrk gSA ;g gok ls ukbVªkstu [khapus

esa cM+k gh ekfgj gSA phu esa fd, x, ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj lhcdFkksuZ dk ,d o`{k o"kZ Hkj esa

180 fdyksxzke ukbVªkstu dk ;kSfxdhdj.k djrk gSA ftu phuh fdlkuksa us lhcdFkksuZ dh o`{k[ksrh

okyh tehuksa esa vkyw cks;k] mudh vkyw dh iSnkokj nqxuh gks xbZA fgeky; ds Åaps LFkkuksa dh dfBu

ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh lhdcFkksuZ fdlh Hkh Kkr ikS/s ls vf/d iks"kd pkjk iSnk dj ldrk gSA phu vkSj

250

Hkkjr esa ,d gSDVj esa yxs lhcdFkksuZ 15 yksxksa dh t:jr ds yk;d tykÅ ydM+h Hkh iSnk dj

ldrs gSaA

lhcdFkksuZ [kkus yk;d jliQy Hkh iSnk djrs gSaA çkd`frd :i ls mxs o`{k çfr gSDVj pan

lSdM+k fdyksxzke jliQy gh iSnk dj ikrs gSaA ysfdu :l vkSj phu esa ,slh fdLesa foflr dh xbZ gSa

tks çfr gSDVj 15&20 Vu rd jliQy ns nsrh gSa vkSj og Hkh cM+h dfBu tyok;q esaA dqN de BaMh

vYikbu tyok;q esa bldh loksZÙke fdLesa okf"kZd iQlyksa ls vf/d mit nsrh gSaA lhcdFkksuZ dh

o`{k[ksrh dh tk, rks ,d gSDVj esa 1250 rd o`{k yxk, tk ldrs gSaA lcls vPNs pquhank isM+

vuqdwy o"kksZa esa çfr gSDVj 35 fdyksxzke rd jliQy iSnk dj ldrs gSaA

100 xzke jliQyksa esa 1000 feyhxzke fcVkfeu ^lh* gks ldrk gSA blds vykok buesa foVkfeu

^ch*] ^Mh*] ^bZ*] ^ds* vkSj ^,* Hkh dkiQh gksrk gS vkSj vkB çfr'kr fpdukbZ Hkh gksrh gSA chtksa ls

LokLF;çn [kkus dk rsy çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA jliQyksa dk mi;ksx jl] tSe vkSj tSyh cukus esa

fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vkerkSj ij lhcdFkksuZ >kM+h ;k NksVk isM+ gksrk gSA ysfdu dqN cM+s isM+ Hkh mxrs ns[ks x, gSaA

fl;kfpu (phu) dh ewyh dkm.Vh esa lhcdFkksuZ dk ,d isM+ gS] tks 16 ehVj yack gS vkSj mlds rus

dk O;kl yxHkx nks ehVj gSA bldh vk;q 320 o"kZ vuqekfur dh xbZ gSA vkSj ;g vc Hkh iQy ns

jgk gSA

foyks (csar etuw) dqy (lsyhdslh)

etuw dqy esa dqN cgqr fnypLi o`{k&çtkfr;ka 'kkfey gSaA buesa ,Liu o`{k Hkh gSA ,Liu mlh

oa'k dk gS ftldk iksiyj (iksiqyl Lih-) gSA nks Lih'kht vf/d O;kid gSa & ;wjsfl;u ,Liu

(iksiqyl Vªseqyk) vkSj vesfjdu ,Liu (iksiqyl VsªeqyksbMht)A

251

iqjkus ,Liu i`Foh ds lcls iqjkus vkSj cM+s tho ekus tk ldrs gSa] tks vc Hkh thfor gSaA isM+

dk ,d ruk ,d gh o`{k dk çrhd gS] ysfdu ,Liu ds ekeys esa ;g fu;e ugha fVdrkA ,d ,Liu

o`{k fo'kky tM+ ra=k fodflr dj ldrk gS vkSj mlls ntZuksa] lSdM+ksa ;k gtkjksa Hkh rus iui ldrs

gSaA gj ruk 30&30 ehVj yack vkSj ,d ehVj ls dqN vf/d O;kl dk gks ldrk gSA ysfdu os

100&150 o"kZ ls Åij 'kk;n gh thrs gSaA ysfdu rus ds lkFk ;g ^tho* lekIr ugha gksrkA bldk

tM+&ra=k c<+rk jgrk gS vkSj ,d lglzkCnh ls nwljh lglzkCnh esa igqap tkrk gSA ;gka&ogka nwljh

çtkfr;kas ls tehu Nhurk ,d gh o`{k vius u,&u, rus iSnk djrk pyk tkrk gSA lcls cM+k ,Liu

o`{k nf{k.kh ÅVk esa gS vkSj mlesa 47000 rus fxus x, gSa tks 42 gSDVj dk {ks=k ?ksjs gq, gSaA bldk

otu Hkh dwrk x;k gS & 6000 VuA ;g vo'; gh i`Foh ij thfor lcls fo'kkydk; tho gSA

'kks/drkZvksa us fglkc yxk;k gS fd dqN ,Liu jkWdh ekm.VsUl ds nf{k.kh fgLls esa mxs gq, gSa vkSj os

nl yk[k o"kZ dh mez ds rks gksaxs ghA fdlh Hkh yach vk;q okys o`{k ds fy, bruh mez ik tkuk

lpeqp vk'p;Ztud gSA

tc ge çkphu ckvksckc ;k nSR;kdkj jSMoqMksa dh vk;q ds vkadM+s ns[krs gSa] rks gekjh vka[ksa

iQVh dh iQVh jg tkrh gSaA ysfdu ;g rks fcYdqy pkSadk nsrk gS fd muds eqdkcys fujhg&lk fn[kus

okyk ,Liu muls 200 xquk yach mez ik ysrk gSA ;g lPpkbZ o`{k&çsfe;ksa dks ,Liu dk o`{kkjksi.k

djus ds fy, yykf;r dj nsrh gSA D;ksa u bUgha o`{kksa dks mxk;k tk, ftuds&lkeus jktkvksa vkSj

lezkVksa }kjk fufeZr fijkfeM] egy vkSj fxjtk?kj ikuh Hkjrs utj vk,aA ftu ,Liu dh tM+ksa ij

ekbdksjk bth e'k:e mxrs gksa mudks mxkus ds fy, rks o`{kçseh csdkcw gh gks tk,axsA D;ksafd ,sls

,Liu o`{k euq"; dh gtkjkas ihf<+;ksas dks ikSf"Vd vkgkj nsrs jgasxsA ,Liu dk çkd`frd {ks=k cgqr O;kid

gSA ;g ;wjksi vkSj ,f'k;k ds egk}hiksa ls ysdj vejhdh egk}hi rd iQSyk gSA lp rks ;g gS fd

bruk fo'oO;kih o`{k nwljk ugha gSA ijarq budh okLrfod çd`fr yksxksa us 'kk;n gh le>h gksA

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tk;.V iksiyj (iksiqyl VªkbdksdkikZ) mÙkjh vejhdk dk ewy fuoklh gS vkSj pkSM+h iÙkh okys

isM+ksa esa ;g lcls cM+k gSA bldh yackbZ 70 ehVj rd igqap tkrh gSA

ckat dqy (isQxslh)

vksd ;k ckat (DodZl Lih-) dk vusd ;wjksi okfl;ksa ds fy, cM+k ikSjkf.kd egRo gSA ,d

Hkhedk; taxyh ckat (DodZl jkscj) fiQuyS.M ds ewy fuokfl;ksa ^fiQu* vkSj fiQuks vfxzeu dchyksa ds

fy, cM+k ikSjkf.kd FkkA gqvk ;g fd i`Foh ij ekuo ds inkiZ.k ls igys ^xzsV vksd* dh ifÙk;ksa us

/jrh ij Nk;k MkyhA bl rjg /jrh ij lw;Z dk çdk'k ugha igqap ik;kA rc leqæ ls ,d nSR;

fudyk vkSj mlus ^xzsV vksd* dks dkV MkykA fiQuyS.M dh ikSjkf.kd xkFkk ds vuqlkj ;g i`Foh ij

ekuo ds vH;qn; dk vkSj d`f"k ds Jhx.ks'k dk çrhd gSA xzsV vksd ds fxjrs gh çdk'k feyk vkSj

iQlyksa dks mxkuk laHko gks x;kA ;wjksi] mÙkjh vejhdk vkSj ,f'k;k egk}hi ds ioZrh; {ks=kksa vkSj B.Ms

bykdksa esa ckat tkuk&ekuk isM+ gS vkSj pkSM+s iÙks okys isM+ksa esa ;g lcls O;kid vkSj egRoiw.kZ o`{k gSA

bldh 300 ls vf/d Lih'kht ikbZ tkrh gSaA vkerkSj ij ckat o`{kksa dks mudh dherh bekjrh ydM+h

ds fy, mxk;k tkrk gSA ysfdu cgqr&lh Lih'kht ,slk esok (,dksuZ) Hkh iSnk djrh gSa] tks

ekuo&vkgkj ds dke vk ldsA dqN çtkfr;ksa esa [kkus ;ksX; ^,dksuZ* yxrs rks gSa] exj cM+s [kV~Vs gksrs

gSa vkSj mudh [kVkl gVkus ds ckn gh mUgsa [kk;k tk ldrk gSA

bldk ,d rjhdk ;g gS fd bu iQyksa dks dqpy dj pwus ds gYds ?kksy esa Mky nsaA bl rjg

mudh [kVkl fudy tk;sxhA blds ckn budks [kkls iks"kd ekuo&vkgkj ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k tk

ldrk gSA budks ihl dj vkVk Hkh cuk ldrs gSa] ftls lh/s gh idkdj ;k fiQj vuktksa ds vkVs esa

feykdj bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA ckatiQy esa nks ls pkj çfr'kr rd fpdukbZ gksrh gS] dqN

çksVhu gksrk gS vkSj yxHkx 40 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV gksrk gSA

253

dSyhiQksfuZ;k ds ewy fuoklh ckatiQy dh [kVkl de djus dk ,d vkSj rjhdk viukrs FksA os

ckatiQyksa dks dqN jk[k ;k pkjdksy ds lkFk feykdj tehu esa nck nsrs FksA mlds Åij tc&rc ikuh

fNM+drs jgrs Fks] tc rd fd os [kkus yk;d ehBs u gks tk,aA ,d vejhdh ys[kd ds vuqlkj ^^;g

,slk xwnk gS ftlesa vkgkj ls tqM+h 'kk;n gh dksbZ [kwch gks----- blds i{k esa cl ,d gh ckr dgh tk

ldrh gS fd gS ;g Bksl vkgkj vkSj ,d ckj dksbZ [kkuk 'kq: dj ns rks fiQj bls cgqr ilan djus

yxsxkA**

ckat iQy fdl çtkfr ds gSa] blds vuqlkj vkSj ekSle rFkk i;kZoj.k laca/h vU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa

ds vuqlkj buesa cM+h fofo/rk ikbZ tkrh gSA ts-'kksYVks Mxyl ds vuqlkj nf{k.k vkSj mÙkjh vejhdk]

dksfj;k vkSj iqrZxky ds ckat iQy ,d lky esa 25 vkSj 30 Vu rd ,dksuZ çfr gSDVj iSnk djrs jgs

gSaA

;g ns[krs gq, fd ckat dh fdLeksa dks ekuo&vkgkj ;k i'kqvksa ds [kkus ds mi;qDr ckat iQy

vf/d ek=kk esa iSnk djus ds fy, dHkh dksbZ oSKkfud vuqla/ku ugha fd;k x;k] ;g mit Hkh de

ugha gSaA lkjk è;ku ckat dks bekjrh ydM+h ds fygkt ls lq/kjus ij gh yxk;k x;kA lcls vf/d

mRiknd Lih'kht lnkcgkj vksd (DodZl bysDl) ekuh tkrh gSA blds vyx&vyx isM+ iQyr ds ,d

ekSle esa yxHkx ,d Vu ckat iQy iSnk dj nsrs gSaA

ckat ds isM+ dh fxurh nqfu;k ds lcls yacs isM+ksa esa ugha gksrhA taxyh vksd (DodZl jkscj)

45 ehVj yackbZ rd igqap tkrk gSA ysfdu vf/drj çtkfr;ka NksVs dn dh gh gksrh gSaA vksd dh

dqN çtkfr;ka ;wjksi ds lcls ?kus isM+ksa esa 'kkfey dh tkrh gSa] ftuds rus lcls T;knk eksVs gksrs gSaA

nf{k.kh fiQuySaM esa Hkh lcls eksVs rus dk fjdkMZ ckat us gh ys j[kk gS] tks fd vkB ehVj ls FkksM+h

vf/d eksVkbZ okyk gSA ;gka vksd fiQuySaM ds /qj mÙkj esa mxrs gSaA eè; vkSj nf{k.k ;wjksi esa lcls

cM+k vksd vkB ;k ukS ehVj O;kl dk gks ldrk gS vkSj mldh mez 2000 o"kZ gks ldrh gSA

254

chp o`{kksa ds oa'k (iQsxl Lih-) ls bekjrh ydM+h ds lkFk gh NksVh&NksVh esok feyrh gS]

ftls ekLV] ekLVuV ;k chpuV dgrs gSaA chpuVksa dks ;ksa gh dPpk Hkh [kk ldrs gSa ;k Hkwudj ued

yxk dj HkhA ;s Lokn esa dqN&dqN v[kjksV tSls yxrs gSaA ysfdu chpuV brus NksVs gksrs gSa fd mUgsa

Nhydj [kkus ;ksX; cukuk gh cgqr cM+h fljnnhZ cu tkrk gSA

blls csgrj mi;ksx budk ;g gS fd chpuVksa ls [kkus dk rsy fudkyk tk,A chpuV ds otu

dk 20 çfr'kr rd rsy fudy vkrk gS] tks cgqr vPNk vuqikr gSA nksuksa egk;q¼ksa esa chpuVksa dk rsy

bruk egRoiw.kZ gks x;k fd teZuh esa bUgsa bdV~Bk djus ds fy, Ldwyh cPpksa dks fo'ks"k vodk'k fn;k

x;kA fiQj xzkeh.k leqnk; dh viuh feyksa esa muls chpuVksa dk rsy fudyok;k x;kA bl rsy esa

fpdukbZ ds vykok çksVhu Hkh dkiQh gksrh gSA vejhdk esa chpuVksa ls ^eD[ku* Hkh cuk;k tkrk gS]

gkykafd vc rks bldh txg ekxZjhu ds vkS|ksfxd mRiknu us ys yh gSA chpuVksa ds mRiknu esa ,d

pØh;rk ikbZ tkrh gS] ysfdu vPNs o"kksZa esa chpuV cM+h foiqy ek=kk esa iSnk gksrs gSaA

;wjksi vkSj eè;iwoZ esa mxus okyh chp o`{k dh çtkfr (iQsxl flYosfVdk) dks lcls egRoiw.kZ

Lih'kht ekuk tkrk gSA ;g o`{k 40 ehVj rd yack gks tkrk gSA blh ;wjksfi;u chp dk ,d vejhdh

fj'rsnkj Hkh gS & iQsxl xzS.MhiQksfy;kA chp o`{kksa dk ruk Hkh dkiQh eksVk gks tkrk gS] gkykafd bl

ekeys esa ;g lcls cM+s vksd dk eqdkcyk ugha dj ldrkA

nf{k.k vejhdk ds 'khrks".k {ks=k esa fLFkr isaVkxksfu;k ou esa lnuZ chp (oksFkksiQsxl Lih-) dk

cksyckyk gSA blds Hkh laca/ ;wjksfi;u vkSj vejhdu chpksa ls cM+s ?kfu"B gSA

iqjkus ehBs psLVuV (dkLVfuvk lVkbok) fo'o ds lcls 'kkunkj o`{kksa esa fxus tkrs gSaA LohV

psLVuV 30 ehVj ls yacs ugha tkrs] exj muds rus dh eksVkbZ dkiQh c<+ tkrh gSA vc rd ekis x,

psLVuV o`{kksa esa 'kk;n lcls cM+k psLVuV Hkweè;lkxj ds fllyh }hi ds Tokykeq[kh ioZr ,Vuk dh

<ykuksa ij mxrk ik;k x;k FkkA 'kk[kk&ç'kk[kkvksa dks feykdj bl isM+ dk ?ksjk 61 ehVj FkkA bl

255

vdsys isM+ ls psLVuV rksM+us vkSj cspus okyksa ds cgqr ls LFkkuh; ifjokj iyrs FksA fiQj mUgksaus gh

psLVuV Hkwuus ds fy, tykÅ ydM+h ds rkSj ij bldh Vgfu;ka dkV&dkV dj bl isM+ dks ekj MkykA

viuh nsg ls fjlrs gtkjksa ?kko ds lkFk bl fo'kkydk; isM+ dh tc ekSr gqbZ rks bldh mez

2500 ;k 3000 o"kZ FkhA blds ikl ds uxj fljkdwt esa ;wukuh nk'kZfud IysVks ftu fnuksa jgrs Fks] rHkh

;g isM+ dkiQh cw<+k gks pqdk FkkA

lw[ks psLVuV esa lkr çfr'kr çksVhu] 78 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV vkSj pkj çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh

gSA psLVuV ds dyeh isM+ l?ku o`{k[ksrh djus ij çfr gSDVj 25 Vu rd psLVuV ns ldrs gSaA

bldh bekjrh ydM+h l[r vkSj dherh gksrh gSA blds isM+ 1000 o"kksZa ls vf/d le; rd

mRiknd jgrs gSa vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks dbZ lglzkfCn;ksa rdA

dqN vU; lacaf/r çtkfr;ka Hkh [kkus ;ksX; psLVuV iSnk djrh gSaA ;s gSa vesfjdu psLVuV

(dkLVfuvk MsaVkVk)] phuh psLVuV (dkLVfuvk eksyhflek)] frCcrh psLVuV (dkLVfuvk frcrkuk) vkSj

tkikuh psLVuV (dkLVfuvk ØsukVk)A vejhdh psLVuV ds isM+ 60 ehVj ls vf/d yacs gks ldrs gSaA

mÙkjh vejhdk esa ;wjksi ds yksx igqaps] mlls igys ;gka psLVuV] chp vkSj vksd (ckat) ds

cgqr ?kus taxy Fks ftuesa çoklh diksrksa dh cgqr cM+h vkcknh iyrh FkhA ,d eksVk vanktk ;g gS fd

bu taxyksa esa dbZ lkS djksM+ dcwrj jgrs FksA tc ;wjksi ls ;gka clus ds fy, xksjs yksx igqaps rks mUgksaus

cM+h csnnhZ ls psLVuV] chp vkSj vksd ds isM+ dkVus 'kq: fd, vkSj taxyksa dk liQk;k dj Mkyk rks

taxy ds lkFk gh ;gka jgus okys ;g iaNh Hkh feV x,A mudk ukeksfu'kka Hkh ugha cpkA blds ckn

bruh rknkn esa taxyh fpfM+;ksa vkSj Lru/kjh çkf.k;ksa dks iky lds] ,slk dksbZ taxy ugha jgkA

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fpukj dqy (IysVsuslh)

fpukj dqy ds pkSM+h ifÙk;ksa okys o`{k ekuo&vkgkj ds yk;d dqN Hkh iSnk u djrs gksa]

ysfdu buds rus dHkh&dHkh vkdkj&çdkj esa cgqr cM+s gks tkrs gSaA d'ehj ds fcztcsgM+k xkao esa

fpukj (IysVsul vksfj,aVsfyl) dk ,d isM+ ukik x;k rks 21-5 ehVj yack FkkA

taHkhj dqy (fVfy,lh)

ykbe ;k taHkhj o`{kksa dk dqy (fVfy;k Lih-) ;wjksi esa 'kksHkkdkjh o`{kksa ds :i esa cM+s egRo

dk gSA mÙkjh vkSj eè; ;wjksi esa ;s o`{k lcls vf/d ik, tkrs gSa vkSj lM+dksa ds fdukjs ;k ikdksZa esa

ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA ykbe ds isM+ NksVs&NksVs csjh&iQy ;k jliQy yxrs gSaA buesa rsyka'k vf/d gksrk gSA

budk rsy [kkus ;ksX; gksrk gS vkSj mldh DokfyVh Hkh vPNh gksrh gSA ysfdu iQy brus NksVs gksrs gSa

fd budks [kkus dk rsy fudkyus ds fy, 'kk;n gh dHkh bLrseky fd;k x;kA

dkcZu&lap; o`{kksa ds :i esa ykbe&o`{kksa dk dqN egRo gks ldrk gS] D;ksafd ;s vkdkj&çdkj

esa cM+s ls cM+s vksd o`{kksa dh cjkcjh dj ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, teZuh esa guksoj ds ikl

viLVsM (Upstedt) esa cM+h ifÙk;ksa okyk ykbe dk o`{k (fVfy;k IysVhfiQyl) [kM+k gSA ;g ogka lu~

850 esa jksik x;k FkkA bldk ruk tehu ls Ms<+ ehVj Åij rd vkB ehVj eksVk gSA ykbe dk lcls

yack o`{k ÅapkbZ esa dksbZ 46 ehVj jgk gksxkA

nynyh lkbçl dqy (VSDlksfM,lh)

bl vè;k; dks ,d çdkj ls egku fiQYedkj LVhou LihycxZ ds vfHkuanu esa ^okLrfod

tqjsfld ikdZ çk;kstuk* 'kh"kZd fn;k tkuk pkfg,A mudh fiQYe ^tqjsfld ikdZ* esa vc ls lk<+s Ng

257

djksM+ ;k mlls Hkh vf/d o"kZ igys foyqIr gq, nSR;kdkj MkbukslkSj çkf.k;ksa dks dSls iquthZfor fd;k

x;k] ;g oSKkfud ç;ksx fn[kk;k x;k FkkA fiQYe esa iquthZfor fd, x, MkbukslkSj ds ckjs esa ;g

dYiuk dh xbZ Fkh fd buds fy, cuk, x, ikdZ dks ns[kus ds fy, nqfu;k Hkj ls vehj m|eh vk,axs

vkSj Hkkjh jde nsdj ços'k&fVdV [kjhnasxsA

vly esa MkbukslkSj dks Dyksu djds iquthZfor djuk dHkh laHko ugha gks ik,xk vkSj

VkbjsukslkWjl jsDl ;k czSdhlkWjl Lih- tSls MkbukslkSj bl /jrh ij okil ugha yk, tk ldsaxsA

ysfdu MkbukslkSj ftl ;qx esa bl i`Foh ij fopj.k dj jgs Fks] ml ;qx esa mxus okys taxyksa

dh okilh laHko gSA ;g cgqr dfBu ugha gS] D;ksafd nSR;kdkj MkbukslkSj ds tekus esa /jrh ds ouksa esa

tks o`{k mx jgs Fks] muesa ls dqN o`{k vkt Hkh vejhdh egk}hi esa [kM+s gq, gS & thfor iQkWflyksa ds

:i esaA

jSMoqM ds lcls çkphu thok'e (iQkWfly) 1300 yk[k o"kZ iqjkus feys gSaA mu fnuksa fo'o ds

ouLifr&txr esa jSMoqM dh fofHkUu çtkfr;ksa] isM+&ftrus iQuZ (i.kkZax) lkbdSM o`{kksa dh foiqy

fofo/rk okyh çtkfr;kas] fxadks (Gingko) ;k ^esMugs;j Vªh* ds o`{k vkSj nynyh lkbçl o`{kksa dk

cksyckyk FkkA

tc i`Foh ij igys&igy jSMoqM o`{kksa dk vkxeu gqvk rks bUgsa Hk;adj :i ls pjkbZ djus

okys MkbukslkSj dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA buesa ls dqN nSR;kdkj çk.kh rks 30&30 ehVj yacs vkSj 90 ls

100 Vu rd otu okys FksA lkbdSM vkSj iQuZ rks buls igys Msoksfu;u vkSj ifeZ;u ;qx esa gh vk

pqds FksA os dBhyk ruk mxkuk lh[k x, FksA bl rjg ;s o`{k mu Åaps igkM+ksa ij mx ldrs Fks] tgka

bu rd nSR;kdkj 'kkdkgkjh MkbukslkSj ugha igqap ldrs FksA lkFk gh bu o`{kksa us viuh ifÙk;ksa dks lqbZ

ljh[kh cuk fy;kA ;s u rks Lokn esa etsnkj Fkha vkSj bUgsa ipkuk Hkh eqf'dy FkkA

258

isM+ksa dh bl gksf'k;kjh dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, MkbukslkSj us viuk vkdkj cgqr cM+k cuk

fy;kA vius Hkkjh vkdkj ds dkj.k os rjg&rjg dh ?kfV;k ifÙk;ka vkSj Vgfu;ka Hkh gte dj tkrs Fks

vkSj isV esa Hkkjh rknkn esa Hkj ysrs FksA blfy, dHkh&dHkh fo'kkydk; MkbukslkSj pkj Vkaxksa ij pyus

okys ok;q&ç'khfrr dEiksLV&;a=k Hkh dg fn, x,A dqN MkbukslkSj dh xnZu Hkh cgqr yach gks xbZ Fkh

vkSj bl rjg os 15 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ rd ds isM+ksa dh gfj;kyh liQkpV dj ldrs FksA

bl rjg Hkhedk; jSMoqM o`{kksa dk vkdkj c<+k ysuk le> esa vk tkrk gS fd os yacs D;ksa gksrs

pys x,A muds iwoZt va/k/qa/ pjkbZ djus okys nSR;kdkj MkbukslkSj ds lkFk mlh ;qx esa jgrs Fks vkSj

dbZ gtkj lglzkfCn;ksa rd jgs FksA

vius cpiu ds [krjukd lqdqekj o"kksZa esa bu çkf.k;ksa dh fuxkg ls cp x, rks fiQj jSMoqM

brus yacs gks tkrs Fks fd mudh ifÙk;ksa vkSj dksey Vgfu;ksa rd u czSfd;kslkWj igqp ldrs Fks vkSj u

lhLekslkWjA

vc ls dksbZ 10 djksM+ o"kZ igys 'kk;n i`Foh ij jSMoqM o`{kksa dh fofo/ çtkfr;ksa dh la[;k

vikj FkhA vkt gekjs tekus rd buesa ls cl nks çtkfr;ka gh cph gSa & fldks;k lsEijokbjsal tks fd

tk;.V jSMoqM dgh tkrh gS vkSj fl;jk ;k ekm.Vsu jSMoqM (fldks;kMs.Mªksu tkbxs.Ve)A

bl le; fo'o esa lcls yacs o`{kksa esa tk;.V jSMoqM gh cps gSaA budh lcls yach çtkfr 112

ehVj dh yackbZ çkIr dj ldrh gSA ysfdu fl;jk jSMoqM us bUgsa yackbZ esa t:j ekr ns nh gksxhA bl

le; lcls yack fldks;kMs.Mªksu tkbxsaf'k;e dsoy 83 ehVj yack gSA ysfdu viuk N=k xaok nsus ls

igys N=kifr fldks;k 120 ehVj yack FkkA dqN Hkh gks] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ ds

ekeys esa fl;jk ds tk;.V fldks;k o`{kksa dk dksbZ Hkh eqdkcyk ugha dj ldrkA ;s fu'p; gh

ouLifr&txr ds Hkhe gSaA fl;jk ds bu Hkhedk; o`{kksa esa ls lcls yacs isM+ dks LFkkuh; ewy fuoklh

^ou dk ckck* dgrs FksA buls lH;rk esa fiNM+s dqN rFkkdfFkr lH; ,aXyks&vejhduksa us bls ^tujy

259

xzk.V* uke ns fn;kA ^ou dk ckck* 83 ehVj yack vkSj da/s rd 10 ehVj eksVk FkkA bldh lcls

fupyh 'kk[kk Hkh 45 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ ij fudyh Fkh vkSj og Hkh 45 ehVj yach vkSj nks ehVj eksVkbZ

dh FkhA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ^ou ds ckck* dh lcls uhps dh Vguh Hkh lcls yacs ,Ye o`{k ls Hkh

yach&pkSM+h gSSA og tehu ls ftruh ÅapkbZ ij mx jgh gS] mruh ÅapkbZ fdlh ,Ye dh ugha gSA

;g vkdyu fd;k x;k gS fd tk;.V fldks;k dk otu 6100 Vu gSA fldks;kMS.Mªu dh mez

Hkh cgqr yach gks ldrh gS & 6000 o"kZA ,d ckj defluh ds fnu dkV fn,] fiQj rks fldks;k ds

isM+ksa dks taxy dh vkx Hkh ugha tyk ldrhA iqjkus fldks;kMS.Mªuksa dh Nky dh eksVkbZ Hkh 60

lsaVhehVj gks ldrh gSA

vc rks çd`fr dh xksn esa brus yacs&rxM+s fldks;kMS.Mªu T;knk ugha cps vkSj muesa ls

vf/drj ,d&nwljs ls cM+h nwjh ij mx jgs gSa rFkk muds pkjksa vksj NksVs&NksVs o`{k mxs gSaA ysfdu

dgha&dgha fl;jk jSMoqM dkiQh ikl&ikl mxrs Hkh ik, tkrs gSaA

eksVkbZ esa Hkh tk;.V jSMoqM fldks;kMS.Mªuksa dh cjkcjh ugha dj ldrsA ysfdu os dHkh&dHkh

vk'p;Ztud :i ls ?kuh o`{kkoyh cuk ysrs gSa] ftuesa lHkh o`{k ,d&ls vkSj leku yackbZ&eksVkbZ okys

mxrs gSaA Mk- giQtkWulu ds vuqlkj %

^^igyh ckj tc vki bu fo'kky o`{kksa dks ns[krs gSa] rks budh yackbZ bruh pfdr ugha djrh]

D;ksafd ogka #ddj mudh ukitks[k djuk eqf'dy gS] ysfdu ftl rjg da/s&ls&da/k fHkM+kdj ;s ,d

nwljs ls feys gq, [kM+s jgrs gSa] og n`'; cM+k yqHkkouk gSA 20&20 iQqV eksVs rus brus lVs jgrs gSa fd

muds chp esa ls vkneh cM+h eqf'dy ls vius vki dks fldksM+dj gh ikj fudy ldrk gSA

vius yacs&rxM+s vkdkj ds dkj.k ftruk dkcZu&lap; tk;.V jSMoqM dj ldrs gSa] mruk

'kk;n gh dksbZ nwljk isM+ dj ldsA bu o`{kksa dh çkphu ouLFkfy;ksa esa çfr gSDVj tehu ls Åij

4000 Vu rd ck;ksekl (;kuh eksVkeksVh 8000 oxZehVj ydM+h) gks ldrk gSA ysfdu vkSlr cgqr

260

de cSBrk gSA ,d vkdyu ds vuqlkj çfr gSDVj rukdk"B dk vkSlr 400 ?kuehVj ls FkksM+k&gh

vf/d cSBsxkA ;g dkiQh de gSA bldk dkj.k eq[; :i ls ;gh crk;k tkrk gS fd i`Foh ij ekuo

ds vkxeu ls igys gh tk;.V jSMoqM vkSj fldks;k o`{k çkphu Lih'kht gksus ds dkj.k] ckn okyh

vk/qfud o`{k&çtkfr;ksa ls çfr;ksfxrk esa fiNM+ x, FksA çd`fr esa tk;.V jSMoqMksa ds pkjksa vksj vla[;

NksVs isM+ gksrs gSa] tks dHkh Hkh buds cjkcj cM+s ugha gksrsA bl rjg ,d gSDVj esa jSMoqM de gksrs gaSA

vkSj vU; NksVs&NksVs o`{k T;knkA blfy, dqy rukdk"B dk vkSlr de gks tkrk gSA

nwljk dkj.k ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd 18oha lnh ds 'kq: esa tks jSMoqM ou cps gq, Fks] os vc

ds jSMoqM ouksa ls T;knk ?kus vkSj yacs&rxM+s isM+ksa okys FksA ftu taxyksa esa ydM+h T;knk Fkh] mu ij

vkjh igys pyh vkSj bl rjg loksZÙke ou /jk'kk;h gks x,A blfy, vc tks taxy cps gSa mudk

rukdk"B dk vkSlr bu çkd`frd taxyksa dh lgh rlohj is'k ugha djrkA

lqJh lwlu fçVpkMZ vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us fo'ys"k.k djds ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd lu

1910&24 esa jSMoqM ikfjra=kksa (bZdks flLVe) esa vkSlr dkcZu&lap; de ls de 629 Vu çfr gSDVj

Fkk ;k fiQj blls Hkh vf/d FkkA ysfdu bldk dsoy 30 çfr'kr gh o`{kksa esa Fkk vkSj ckdh 70

çfr'kr dkcZu isM+ksa ds uhps dh eksVh fcNkyh] g~;wel vkSj feV~Vh esa lafpr ik;k x;kA ;g Hkh

vkdyu fd;k x;k fd isM+ksa dk ,d frgkbZ ck;ksekl tM+ksa ds :i esa FkkA

fldks;k ;k fldks;kMS.Mªksu dh ,dy o`{k[ksrh lqçcaf/r <ax ls dh xbZ gks rks mlesa

dkcZu&lap; dk vkSlr çkd`frd ouksa ds vkSlr ls dbZ xquk vf/d gksxkA

bu 'khrks".k bykdksa esa tk;.V jSMoqM] cM+s vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd 'kadq/kjh o`{kksa esa lcls rsth

ls mxus okys o`{k gSaA jSMoqM dh ubZ ouLFkyh çfro"kZ çfr gSDVj 28 ?kuehVj bekjrh ydM+h iSnk

djrh gSA dSyhiQksfuZ;k ds fudV iQksVZ czSx esa mlh txg esa nwljh ckj jksis x, jSMoqM&ou ls 137 o"kZ

esa çfr gSDVj 1900 ?ku ehVj ydM+h feyus yxh FkhA 137 o"kZ iqjkuh bl ouLFkyh dk vk/kj&{ks=k

261

250 oxZ ehVj çfr gSDVj Fkk] tks vis{kkd`r de mez ds ;qok ou ds fy, vfo'oluh;&lk çrhr

gksrk gSA

tkb.V fldks;k dh Hkkafr gh rFkkdfFkr nynyh lkbçl o`{k Hkh MkbukslkSj&;qx dh nsu gSaA

budh lcls vkd"kZd Lih'kht ekW.Vstqek lkbçl (VSDlksfM;e E;wØksusVe) gSA eSfDldks esa tks lcls

yack isM+ ogka ^vy tkbxs.Vs* (nSR;) ds uke ls e'kgwj gks x;k gS] og blh çtkfr dk gSA

^vy tkbxs.Vs* vksDlkdk jkT; ds rqys uxj esa mxus okyk lcls çkphu o`{k gSA bl o`{k dh

yackbZ 41 ehVj gS] tks fd ,slk ugha gS fd viokn gksA vkSj Hkh isM+ brus ;k blls vf/d yacs gks

ldrs gSaA ysfdu bldk O;kl 13 ehVj gSA ;kuh bldk ?ksjk 40 ehVj gSA ;g fglkc yxk;k x;k gS

fd ^vy tkbxs.Vs* de ls de 1000 o"kZ iqjkuk gSA bldh o`f¼ lu~ 1580 ls gh ukih tk jgh gS

vkSj yxrk gS fd bl isM+ dk O;kl vc Hkh 12 lasVhehVj çfr n'kd dh xfr ls yxkrkj c<+ jgk gSA

blfy, vkf[kj esa ^vy tkbxs.Vs* fdruk cM+k gks tk,xk] ;g dksbZ ugha tkurk] D;ksafd ;g

vHkh 1000 ;k 2000 o"kZ rd thfor jg ldrk gSA

ek.Vstqek lkbçl ds tks isM+ vHkh thfor gSa] os vkerkSj ij vyx vdsys isM+ gSa] D;ksafd

ek.Vstqek lkbçl okys çkphu ou rks dc ds xk;c gks pqds gSaA ysfdu ;s ou igys ekStwn Fks] blesa

'kd dh dksbZ xaqtkb'k ugha gSA vkt ;g lkspdj cM+k vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd vius lcls Åaps eqdke ij

;s taxy fdrus 'kkunkj jgs gksaxs -----A

csj dqy (jSeuslh & Rhamnaceac)

csj (Jujube) Hkkjr vkSj phu ds çkphu iQyksa esa ls ,d gSA csj esa lw[kk lgus dh vikj

{kerk gS] ftlds dkj.k ;g çk;% ^jsfxLrku ds iQyksa dk jktk* ;k ^jsfxLrku dk lsc* Hkh dgk tkrk

gSA

262

csj&dqy esa yxHkx 40 oa'k vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu çtkfr;ka gSaA tqtqcs thul esa rks okLro esa 50

Lih'kht vkrh gSa] tks fd lcdh lc [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djrh gSaA buesa ls 18 ls 20 çtkfr;ka ,slh

gSa] ftudk tUeLFkku Hkkjr gSA buesa lcls egRoiw.kZ Lih'kht Hkkjrh; csj (fttkbiQl ekWfjfVvkuk) vkSj

phuh csj (fttkbiQl tqtqck) gSA

dktjh (CAZRI - Central Arid Zone Research Institute) esa dk;Zjr Hkkjrh;

oSKkfudksa us fttkbiQl ekWfjfVvkuk dh lq/jh fdLesa yxkbZ gSaA vkerkSj ij csj ds ikS/s 100&150 çfr

gSDVj dh la[;k esa jksis tkrs gSaA viuh iwjh iQyr dh voLFkk esa csj dh mUur >kfM+;ka çfr gSDVj 80

ls 200 fdyksxzke rd mit nsrh gSaA lw[ks bykdksa esa mit FkksM+h de gksrh gS] ;gh dksbZ 50 ls 80

fdyksxzke çfr o`{kA dSyksjh&eku dh n`f"V ls csj ds iQy lsc ls vf/d ikSf"Vd gksrs gSa vkSj

foVkfeu ^lh*] ^,* vkSj ^ch* esa Hkh le`¼ gksrs gSaA iQy rktk [kk ldrs gSa] lq[kkdj j[k ldrs gSa

;k mldk 'kcZr cuk ldrs gSaA Hkkjr ds egkjk"Vª esa rks csj ls reke rjg dh phtsa cukbZ xbZ gSaA

csj dh ifÙk;ka cM+k vPNk pkjk gksrh gSa vkSj mudh dherh ydM+h iQuhZpj cukus esa dke

vkrh gSA bldh >kfM+;ksa dh gj lky dkV&NkaV (çwfuax) djuh gksrh gS] blfy, blls vPNh fdLe

dh tykÅ ydM+h Hkh feyrh gSA csj dk ikS/k viuh ifÙk;ka >kM+dj csgn xeZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks Hkh lg

ysrk gS] ysfdu csgn BaM lguk blds cwrs dk ughaA

csj dk okuLifrd uke ^fttkbiQl* vjch 'kCn ^fttkWiQ* ls cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS] ^esok

okyk dey*A xzhd Hkk"kk esa ^fttkbiQksu* dk eryc gS csj ;k [kkus ;ksX; vywpk&tSlk iQyA

^fttkbÝou* (Zizyphwn) dk ySfVu Hkk"kk esa ;gh vFkZ gSA fganh esa ;g ^csj* dgk trk gS] tks

laLd`r ^cnjh* dk viHkza'k gSA

263

dFkk gS fd fgeky; dh ?kkVh esa cnjh o`{kksa dh ,d okfVdk dks ^uj* vkSj ^ukjk;.k* uked

nks egku larksa us viuk vkJe cuk;k FkkA ^ukjk;.k* rks Lo;a fo".kq ds vorkj FksA vkt dy mlh

txg ^cæhukFk* uked eafnj cuk gS tks fd fganqvksa dk vR;ar ifo=k rhFkZ gSA

csj ds o`{k dk mÙkj Hkkjr dh yksdJqfr;ksa esa cgqr mYys[k gS] [kklrkSj ls iatkc esaA bldks

?kj ds vanj yxkuk nqHkkZX; dks U;ksrk nsus ds cjkcj ekuk tkrk gSA dgrs gSa fd blds dkj.k ?kj ds

yksxksa esa >xM+k gks ldrk gSA csj dk ,d isM+ ve`rlj ds Lo.kZeafnj esa yxk gqvk gS] ftls HkDrx.k

^nq[kHkaftuh* dgrs gSa vkSj mldh iwtk djrs gSaA

csj dk ckdk;nk o`{kkjksi.k ml le; ls 'kq: gqvk tc ,d eqfLye Bsdsnkj us vgenuxj ds

jktk jk?kksth Hkksalys-II dks csj dh ladj fdLe dh ikS/ HksaV dh Fkh vkSj mlds fy, jktk us mls buke

fn;k FkkA

csj NksVk ;k njfe;kuh vkdkj dk isM+ gksrk gS vkSj >kM+h tSlk yxrk gSA bldh Vgfu;ka iryh

vkSj Vs<+h&es<+h gksrh gSaA Nky esa tgka&rgka njkj iM+h jgrh gSa vkSj og eksVh vkSj xgjh Hkwjh gksrh gSA

Vgfu;ka uhps >qdh jgrh gSa vkSj muesa uqdhys dkaVs gksrs gSa tks fd ifÙk;ka ds MaBy ds ikl i.kkZ/kj esa

ls tksM+ksa esa fudys jgrs gSaA

ifÙk;ka NksVh gksrh gSa vkSj nwj&nwj yxh gksrh gSaA ;s xgjs gjs jax dh vaMkdkj gksrh gSa vkSj

mudh Åijh vkSj fupyh lrg ij dksey liQsn jksa;s gksrs gSaA iQwy NksVs&NksVs ckjhd rkjksa tSls gksrs gSa

vkSj mudk jax ihykiu fy, gjk gksrk gS vkSj >qaM esa yxrs gSaA iQy cgqr dqN vaMkdkj gksrk gS vkSj

NksVs yky csj ls ysdj yacs ihys&gjs jax ds gksrs gSaA T;knk idus ij ;s xgjs cknkeh jax ds gks tkrs

gSaA budk fNydk l[r gksrk gS vkSj iryk gksrk gS rFkk xwnk liQsn vkSj jlhyk gksrk gSA gjsd csj esa

dM+h xqByh gksrh gS] tks bldk cht gSA

264

nq[kHkaftuh

iatkc ds iV~Vh xkao esa ,d Hkykekuq"k nqyhpan jgrk FkkA mldh ikap csfV;ka FkhaA pkj dh 'kknh

gks pqdh Fkh vkSj ,d vfookfgr FkhA o"kksZa rd og vkSj mldh iRuh ,d csVs dh pkgr ds fy,

iwtk&ikB djrs jgsA tc csVk ugha feyk rks mlds eu esa bZ'oj ds çfr dM+qvkgV Hkj xbZA

,d fnu ikapksa cfgusa lRlax esa xbZa rks ogka dqN lk/q feys tks Hkxoku dk xq.kxku dj jgs FksA

lcls NksVh cfgu muds HkfDr&laxhr ls bruh çHkkfor gqbZ fd mlus vius lkjs tsoj mrkjdj lk/qvksa

dks nku dj fn,A tc cfgusa ?kj okil ykSaVha rks nqyhpan us ns[kk fd mldh lcls NksVh csVh ds xys

vkSj dykbZ esa ,d Hkh tsoj ugha gSA mls crk;k x;k fd lkjs tsoj lk/qvksa dks nku esa ns fn, x,A

og cM+k ukjkt gqvk vkSj ikapks csfV;ksa dks cqykdj MkaVus yxk]** rqEgsa dkSu ikyrk gS \ dkSu lqj{kk

nsrk gS\ rqEgsa Hkkstu] diM+s vkSj tsoj dkSu nsrk gS\** pkjks cM+h cfguksa us ,d Loj esa tokc fn;k

^^firkth vki!** ysfdu lcls NksVh csVh vkleku dh vksj ns[kdj cksyh]** bZ'oj gh esjk j{kd gS]

nkrk gSA**

nqyhpan ds Øks/ dk fBdkuk u jgkA mlus ,d fodykax dq"Bjksxh dks <aw<+k vkSj viuh bl

NksVh csVh chch jtuh dh 'kknh mlh ls dj nhA fonk ds le; Hkh og csVh ls ukjkt Fkk]** ns[krk gwa

vc bZ'oj dSls rsjh j{kk djsxkA** ;g dgdj mlus nwYgk&nqfYgu dks vius ?kj ls ckgj dj fn;kA

chch jtuh xkao&xkao tkdj Hkh[k ekaxrh vkSj rc viuk vkSj vius ifr dk isV Hkj ikrhA og

vius ifr dks lHkh eafnjksa dh rhFkZ;k=kk djkus ys xbZA blh rjg os ve`rlj Hkh x,A ogka ,d iks[kj

ds fdukjs chch jtuh us ,d csj ds >kM+ ds uhps vius dq"Bjksxh ifr dks vkjke djus ds fy, fyVk

fn;kA fiQj fnu Hkj ds Hkkstu dk bartke djus ds fy, Hkh[k ekaxus fudy xbZA mldk dq"Bjksxh ifr

isM+ ds uhps cSBk&cSBk iks[kj ds ty dks fugkjrk jgkA mlus ns[kk fd ml iks[kj ds ty esa L;kg

dkys dkS, Mqcdh yxkrs gSa vkSj >d liQsn gksdj fudyrs gSaA og f?klVrk isM+ ds uhps ls rkykc rd

265

igqapk vkSj ,d maxyh ls csj dh ,d Vguh dks idM+dj mlus viuk 'kjhj iks[kj ds ty esa Mky

fn;kA og rqjar jksxeqDr gks x;k vkSj iwjk 'kjhj pedkrk gqvk og iks[kj ls ckgj vk x;kA

tc mldh iRuh ykSVh rks og vius ifr dks igpku ugha ikbZA mls fo'okl gh ugha gks jgk

Fkk fd mlds lkeus Hkykpaxk [kM+k og lqanj ;qod gh mldk ifr gS vkSj mls ljksoj ds ty us dq"B

jksx ls eqDr djds peRdkj dj fn;k gSA os nksuksa flD[kksa ds xq# jkenkl th ds lkeus igqapsA

xq# jkenkl us iwjk fdLlk lquk vkSj mUgsa iks[kj ds fudV ys x,A ogka mUgksaus chch jtuh dks

csj dh Vguh ls yxh dq"B jksx ls fldqM+h maxyh fn[kkbZA mUgksaus ml maxyh dks csj dh Vguh ls

vyx fd;k vkSj iks[kj ds ikuh esa Mqcksdj fudky fy;kA og maxyh Hkh jksxeqDr gksdj lkcqr gks xbZA

mlh iks[kj dks HkDrksa us Bhd&Bkd djds ogka ljksoj cuk fn;kA og ljksoj vkt Hkh ve`rlj

ds Lo.kZeafnj ds çkax.k esa fo|eku gSA og jksx&'kksd feVkus ds fy, e'kgwj gSA blds fdukjs [kM+k csj

dk >kM+ ^nq[kHkaftuh csjh* dgk tkrk gSA

fMIVsjksdkiZ dqy (fMIVsjksdkihZ)

fMIVsjksdkiZ dqy esa nks egRoiw.kZ oa'k vkrs gSaA ,d rks gS 'kksfj;k vkSj nwljk oa'k gS Lo;a

fMIVsjksdkiZlA fMIVsjksdkiZl dh dsoy ikap Lih'kht gSa (One sentense missing on page 132)

ysfdu l[r bekjrh ydM+h ds ykyp esa nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds o"kkZouksa ls bu çtkfr;ksa dk liQk;k gh gks

x;kA

nwljh egRoiw.kZ thul 'kksfj;k ds lcls e'kgwj isM+ gSa lkyA buls cs'kdherh bekjrh ydM+h

Hkh feyrh gS vkSj [kkus ;ksX; rsy HkhA nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ lky lw[ks m".k dfVca/h; ouksa esa mxrk gSA

bldk okuLifrd uke gS & 'kksfj;k jkscLVkA budh yackbZ 55 ehVj vkSj eksVkbZ rhu ehVj rd gks tkrh

266

gSA nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds o"kkZouksa esa bldh vU; Lih'kht Hkh feyrh gSa] tks 80 ehVj rd yach pyh tkrh

gSa vkSj 'kksfj;k jkscLVk ls budk ruk Hkh T;knk eksVk gksrk gSA

bldh [kkst djus okys vejhdh ouLifrK Mk- pkYlZ MCY;w- 'kksj ds uke ij lky dk uke

^'kksfj;k* j[kk x;kA jkscLVk dk eryc gS rxM+kA rsyxq esa bls xqxy dgrs gSa vkSj ejkBh esa ^jky* nksuksa

dk eryc jsft+u gksrk gSA laLd`r esa bl ^'kky* dgrs gSa] ftldk vFkZ gS ijdksVkA

nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh ikSjkf.kd xkFkkvksa esa lky dks bUæ dk o`{k crk;k x;k gSA bUæ nsorkvksa ds

jktk gSaA lky dks vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd le`f¼ dk çrhd ekuk tkrk gSA lkFk gh ;g ;q¼ esa fot;]

thou esa liQyrk vkSj [ksrksa esa Hkjiwj iQly dk Hkh çrhd gSA

vkfnoklh yksx lky dks ifo=k o`{k ekurs gSa vkSj mudk fo'okl gS fd blesa Hkwrksa dk fuokl

gksrk gSA os vius eafnj lky o`{k dh Nk;k esa cukrs gSaA caxky ds ckxM+h vkSj ckSjh vkfnoklh viuk

fookg lekjksg lky dh Vgfu;ksa ls cuk, eaMi esa gh lEiUu djrs gSaA xkaoksa esa lky ds iwjh rjg

iQwyksa ls yns o`{k dh fu%larku nEifr iwtk djrs gSa rkfd mudh xksn larku ls Hkj tk,A

lky mu FkksM+s ls o`{kksa esa ls gS] ftUgsa ckS¼ /eZ ds vuq;k;h Hkh ifo=k ekurs gSaA bldks xkSre

cq¼ ds tUe vkSj e`R;q ls tksM+k tkrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd lu~ 563 bZ-iw- esa tc xkSre cq¼ dk tUe

gqvk] rks eka egkjkuh egkek;k us ,d fo'kky lky o`{k dh Vguh rqM+okdj eaxokbZ FkhA cq¼ dk

fuokZ.k Hkh lky o`{kksa dh okfVdk esa gqvk FkkA cq¼ ds iwoZ tUeksa dh dFkk vusd tkrdksa esa dgh x;h

gSA bu lcesa o`{kksa dh vkRekvksa dk ftØ vkrk gS vkSj mudh iwtk iq"i&xa/ vkSj vUu ls dh tkrh

gSA bu vkRekvksa dk fuokl vusd o`{kksa esa crk;k x;k gSA budh ilan ds o`{k ;s crk, x, gSa & lky]

lsey vkSj cjxnA

267

lky dk o`{k ,f'k;k dh lcls cs'kdherh bekjrh ydM+h iSnk djrk gSA ydM+h l[r vkSj

fVdkÅ gksrh gSA bldk bLrseky iqy cukus] jsyos ds dksp] uko] iQuhZpj] cSyxkM+h ds ifg, bR;kfn

cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

lky&o`{k cM+s&cM+s cht iSnk djrs gSa] tks [kkus ;ksX; gksrs gSaA ;s dkiQh ek=kk esa iSnk gksrs gSaA

bu chtksa dk rsy Hkh mi;ksxh gksrk gSA bldks ç'kks/u ds ckn ^dksdks cVj* dh txg pkdysV esa

bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA lky ds chtksa dks Hkkjr ds vkfnoklh ekuo&vkgkj esa Hkh bLrseky djrs jgs

gSaA blds fy, Mk- ,l- usxh ds vuqlkj os rhu rjhds viukrs gSaA cht dk xwnk fudkydj mokyk

tkrk gS vkSj ,d uedhu eD[ku tSlh fpdukbZ blls vyx dh tkrh gS] tks Hkkstu idkus ds dke

vkrh gSA chtksa dks dwVdj mudk vkVk Hkh cuk;k tkrk gS vkSj mlls jksVh cukdj [kkrs gSa] tks dkiQh

ikSf"Vd gksrh gSA ;k fiQj bUgsa lq[kkdj] mckyrs gSa vkSj [kk ysrs gSaA

lky ds chtksa esa 12 ls 13 çfr'kr rd rsy gksrk gS] blfy, blesa dqN O;kikfjd #fp txh

vkSj Hkkjrh; cktkjksa ds fy, [kkus ;ksX; rsy ds :i esa cspus ds fy, chtksa dk rsy fudkyk x;kA

Hkkjr dh nsgjknwu fLFkr ou vualq/ku 'kkyk ds rhjFk xqIrk vkSj vey xqysfj;k dh 'kks/ ds

vuqlkj Hkkjrh; ou gj lky 56 yk[k Vu lky ds cht iSnk djrs gSaA budk ,d cM+k ekewyh fgLlk

gh fiQygky bdV~Bk djds bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA vxj ;g iwjh iQly bdV~Bh dj yh tk, vkSj

blls [kkus dk rsy fudkyk tk,] rks dsoy blh ls 11 yk[k ekuo&o"kZ jkstxkj dk l`tu fd;k tk

ldrk gSA ;kuh dbZ yk[k xzkeh.k ifjokj o"kZ esa 90 ls 100 fnu rd vkaf'kd jkstxkj ik ldrs gSaA

nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa lky ds chtksa dk mRiknu c<+kus dh Hkh dkiQh xaqtkb'k gSA bl le; Hkkjr

esa lky&ouksa dk {ks=k muds ewy {ks=k dk cgqr NksVk&lk fgLlk gSA tc Hkkjr esa ouksa ds fiQj ls

gjk&Hkjk djus ds iquoZuhdj.k (reforestation) ds dk;ZØe pyk, x,] rks ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd

phM+] liQsnk (;wdfyIVl) vkSj Bhd (VsDVksuk xzSafMl) ekuo&vkgkj ds fy, dqN Hkh iSnk ugha djrs]

268

Hkkjrh; ou&fo'ks"kKksa us bUgha rhu o`{kksa dks jksiuk 'kq: dj fn;kA tgka vc Hkh taxyksa esa lky ds o`{k

mxrs gSa] ogka ouksa dh cM+h rckgh dh xbZ gSA isM+ cgqr de jg x, gSa vkSj tks gSa mudh Hkh gkyr

[kjkc gSA lcls cM+s vkSj LoLFk isM+ bekjrh ydM+h ds fy, dkV fy, x, vkSj fliQZ ?kfV;k vkSj

detksj isM+ gh taxy esa jg ik,A dqN le; igys çksiQslj lkxjs; us vkdyu fd;k Fkk fd Hkkjrh;

ouksa ls ftruk tSo&mRiknu okLro esa gks ldrk Fkk] taxyksa dh rckgh vkSj Hkkjh ykijokgh ds dkj.k

mldk vkB ls 15 xquk gh gks ik;kA

usiky ds rjkbZ&{ks=k esa lky vc Hkh lcls vf/d la[;k esa mxrk gSA fiNys 20 lkyksa esa oSls

rks ;gka Hkh 500]000 gSDVj lky&ou lkiQ gks x,] ysfdu vc Hkh usiky ds rjkbZ&{ks=k esa 14 yk[k

gSDVj esa taxy cls gq, gSaA buesa 44 çfr'kr isM+ lky ds gh gSaA

,slk dksbZ dkj.k utj ugha vkrk fd nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa cs'kdherh bekjrh ydM+h vkSj chtksa ds

fy, lky dh o`{k[ksrh dks c<+kok u fn;k tk,A vkxkeh n'kdksa esa Hkkjr lfgr nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds lHkh

ns'kksa dks vPNh DokfyVh dh bekjrh ydM+h dh t:jr iM+sxh & ns'kh [kir ds fy, Hkh vkSj fu;kZr

ds fy, HkhA fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd vPNh bekjrh ydM+h dh ekax tYnh gh 200 yk[k ?ku ehVj

çfr o"kZ ls Åij tk igqapsxhA bl rjg dh çFke Js.kh dh bruh bekjrh ydM+h ds fy, dsoy 80

yk[k gSDVj esa lky&ou gksuk i;kZIr gSA blds vykok mi&mRikn ds :i esa ;s taxy cM+h ek=kk esa

NksVs yV~Bs vkSj tykÅ ydM+h rFkk foiqy ek=kk esa lky ds cht Hkh iSnk djsaxsA

vxj lky&chtksa dk mRiknu dbZ xquk c<+k fn;k tk, rks nsgkrksa esa budh iQly bdV~Bh djus

vkSj rsy fudkyus ds dke esa yk[kksa yksxksa dks jkstxkj feysxkA lkFk gh xjhc ifjokjksa dh [kk|&lqj{kk

esa lq/kj vk;sxkA vxj nqHkkZX;o'k vdky iM+ tk, ;k ;q¼ fNM+ tk, rks lky ds chtksa dk iwjd

vkgkj yk[kksa dh tku cpk;sxkA buds mPp çksVhu&va'k vkSj fpdukbZ ds dkj.k chtksa dk iks"k.k&eku

cgqr vPNk gSA

269

lky dh ydM+h cM+h fVdkÅ gksrh gSA lu~ 1915 esa iVuk ds ikl cqyanh ckx esa [kqnkbZ dh

xbZ rks ogka ,d ydM+dksV feyk tks iwjs ikfVyiq=k ds ?ksjs gqvk FkkA ;g ydM+dksV yxHkx 35

fdyksehVj yack Fkk vkSj mlds 64 }kj Fks vkSj 570 pkSdlh&cqtZ cus gq, FksA bl ydM+dksV dks

lgh&lgh ukiuk vklku gks x;k] D;ksafd bldk o.kZu lezkV pUæxqIr ekS;Z ds jktnjckj esa vk, lhfj;k

ds lezkV ds jktnwr us fd;k FkkA pUæxqIr ekS;Z dk 'kklu dky 321 ls 297 bZ-iw- esa FkkA bl

ydM+dksV ds fuekZ.k esa lky dh ydM+h dh gh bLrseky dh xbZ FkhA ;g ydM+h 2280 o"kZ rd

lqjf{kr jghA

usiky esa ,d çphu dFkk ds vuqlkj dkBek.Mw ds uke ij cus eafnj dkBekaMLi ewyr% ,d

cgqr cM+s lky o`{k ls cuk;k x;k FkkA

lqek=kk ds }hi ij o`{k [ksrh dk cgqr lqO;ofLFkr fodkl gqvk gS vkSj ;gka bl d`f"k okfudh

ç.kkyh esa ,d isM+ t:j 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS&MkejA Mkej ('kksjh;k tkokfudk) lky ls gh lacaf/r

çtkfr dk isM+ gSA bl o`{k dks vU; iQynkj vkSj bekjrh ydM+h okys o`{kksa ds lkFk gh [kklrkSj ls

jsft+u ;k yhlk iSnk djus ds fy, mxk;k tkrk gSA d`f"k okfudh ds 'kks/drkZ ;hu oku uwMZfoTd us

baMksusfl;kbZ }hiksa dh d`f"kokfudh ij fo'ks"k vuqla/ku fd;k gSA ehu ds vuqlkj bu }hiksa esa çfr gSDVj

215 Vu dkcZu lafpr gSA ;g ifjiDo ouksa ds vkSlr (315 Vu) ls dqN de gS] ysfdu ,do"khZ

iQlyksa ds vkSlr (63 Vu) ls dkiQh T;knk gSA

HkDrksa dk liuk

xqtjkr dh yksd dFkk% xqtjkr ds ckjokyk esa HkheukFk egknso dk ,d NksVk lk eafnj gSA ;g

,d fo'kky lky o`{k dh Nk;k esa cuk gSA ;gka gj jkst ,d HkDr vkrk vkSj /uoku cuus ds fy,

çkFkZuk djrkA mldh bPNk iwjh gqbZ vkSj vusd peRdkjh ?kVukvksa ds ckn og lpeqp cM+k vehj cu

x;kA

270

HkDr cM+k çlUu jgrkA og HkheukFk egknso ds çfr viuh d`rKrk çdV djuk pkgrk FkkA

mlus lkspk fd ^^brus çHkko'kkyh nsork dk bruk NksVk eafnj! eq>s ;gka de ls de bZaV vkSj lhesaV ls

,d cM+k&lk eafnj cukdj mls ,slk jaxhu cukuk pkfg, fd lc ns[ksa vkSj pfdr jg tk,aA** mlus

eafnj cukus okys dkjhxj cqyk, fd mUgsa ;g lky o`{k dkVdj ;gka ,d fo'kky eafnj tYnh cukuk

gSA gk¡ ! gk¡ ! ;s isM+ dkV nhA gesa eafnj tYnh cukuk gSA* og vehj vkneh cM+k v/hj gks mBkA

nwljs fnu gh etnwj vkSj jkt feL=kh vk x, vkSj ydM+gkjk Hkh cqyk fy;k rkfd og isM+ dks dkV

fxjk,A ml jkr vehj vkneh dks uhan ugha vkbZA lkjh jkr iyax ij djoV cnyrk jgkA vka[k yxh

rks lius esa Hkhenso egknso çdV gq,A mudk psgjk cM+k l[r gks jgk Fkk] ^^,s lquks ! eSa rqEgkjs can

csgok eafnj esa D;ksa cSBwa \ esjh vkRek ml isM+ esa jgrh gS] ftls rqe dVok jgs gksA og isM+ esjk gh

ugha] esjs lkFk jgus okys vusd nsorkvksa dk ?kj gSA rqe eq>s lEekfur djus ds cgkus mls dkV nsuk

pkgrs gksA D;k bl rjg rqe eq>ls rqEgsa vehj cukus dk cnyk yksxs \**

^ugha] ugha Hkxou !* vehj vkneh ph[k iM+k] ^eq> ls Hkwy gqbZA {kek djsaA*

lqcg gksrs gh mlus eafnj cukus dk dke #dok fn;kA isM+ dks dVus ls cpk fy;kA og NksVk

lk eafnj vkt Hkh mlh fo'kky lky o`{k dh Nk;k esa [kM+k gSA Hkhenso egknso dh iwtk ds ckn

HkDrx.k lky ds ml o`{k ij Hkh iQwy p<+krs gSaA

Vhd (lkxkSu) dqy (ochZuslh)

ochZuslh o`{kksa] yrkvksa] >kfM+;ksa vkSj 'kkdh; ouLifr;ksa dk ,d fo'kky dqy gSA bl dqy esa

dqy feykdj 3000 ls vf/d Lih'kht gSaA buesa Vhd (VSDVksuk xzSafMl) ,f'k;k ds lcls os'kdherh

bekjrh ydM+h okys o`{kksa esa vxz.kh ekuk tkrk gSA

271

vaxzst rks vDlj ^Vhd* dks bafM;u vksd dgrs gSaA ^VsDVksuk* vkSj ^Vhd* nksuksa 'kCn ey;kye

ds ^VsDdk* ls O;qRiUu gSaA ^VsDdk* gh iqrZxkyh Hkk"kk esa ^Vsdk* cu x;kA bldk eryc gS c<+bZA

^xzSafMl* dk eryc gS fo'kkyA laLd`r esa bl o`{k dks ^'kkd* cksyrs gSa ftldk eryc gS 'kfDr vkSj

lkxA

fgUnw /eZ&dFkkvksa ds vuqlkj tc iwjh i`Foh }hiksa esa caVh gqbZ Fkh] rks {khj lkxj ds ,d }hi

dk uke Vhd&o`{kksa ds dkj.k ^'kkd}hi* j[kk x;k FkkA

Vhd ;k lkxkSu cgqr yack] ir>jh o`{k gksrk gS vkSj mldk ruk Hkwjs cknkeh jax dk gksrk gSA

blds lcls cM+s isM+ 50 ;k 60 ehVj yacs gks ldrs gSaA 'kk[kk,a prq"dks.kh vkSj jksfey gksrh gSaA

[kqjnjh cM+h ifÙk;ka nh?kZo`Ùkkdkj Åij jkseghu vkSj uhps dh vksj ?kus yky jaxksa ls Hkjh gksrh gSA ifÙk;ka

tksM+ksa esa yxrh gSaA iQwy 'kk[kkvksa ds fljksa ij f=kdks.kh; fijkfeM lk cukdj >q.Mksa esa yxrs gSaA iQy

xksy] cknkeh&lk vkSj Liath gksrk gSA lkxkSu ds isM+ dh ydM+h vR;ar ewY;oku gksrh gS] D;ksafd bls

dhM+s vkSj nhed ugha [kkrsA bl ydM+h dk mi;ksx edku] tgkt] jsy ds fMCcs] iQuhZpj vkSj ok|;a=k

cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA bl isM+ ls yhlk Hkh fudyrk gS] tks okfuZ'k cukus esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA

isM+ dh Nky vkSj iQwyksa ls ,d nok cukbZ tkrh gS] tks czksadkbfVl ('oluh 'kksFk) ds mipkj esa dke

vkrh gSA

,f'k;k dk lcls iqjkuk Vhd dk isM+ 600 o"kZ ls vf/d vk;q dk gS vkSj dsjy ds ijEch&

dqye vHk;kj.; (lSaDpqjh) esa [kM+k gSA

blh dqy dk ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ oa'k gS okbVsDlA blesa vU; Lih'kht ds lkFk&lkFk es# vksd

(okbVsDl dsfu,afll) Hkh 'kkfey gSaA Hkys gh bls vksd cksyrs gksa] ysfdu bldk okLrfod vksd

(ckat) ;kuh DodZl Lih- ls dksbZ ysuknsuk ugha gSA ;wjksi ls vejhdk tkdj cls xksjs bls blfy,

272

vksd dgus ij rqys gq, Fks] D;ksafd bldh cs'kdherh ydM+h ;wjksfi;u vksd dh ydM+h&tSlh yxrh

FkhA

iwohZ vizQhdk dh mPp Hkwfe;ksa esa es# vksd bekjrh ydM+h vkSj dkcZu lap; ds fy, lcls

egRoiw.kZ o`{k ds :i esa c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA ;g cgqr cM+k Hkhedk; rks ugha gksrk] ysfdu 30 ehVj

yack vkSj da/s rd nks ehVj O;kl okyk gks ldrk gSA es# vksd NksVs&NksVs [kkus ;ksX; iQy Hkkjh ek=kk

esa iSnk djrk gSA ;g cgqr cf<+;k bekjrh ydM+h iSnk djrk gS] ftldh iwohZ vizQhdk ds cktkjksa esa

vPNh ekax gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, dsU;k esa es# vksd dh bekjrh ydM+h vDlj 800 vejhdh Mkyj

çfr ?ku ehVj esa fcdrh ns[kh xbZ gSA ;kuh 36&37000 #i;s çfr ?ku ehVjA vf/drj ydM+h vjc

ns'kksa dks fu;kZr dh tkrh gS] ysfdu ;wjksi esa Hkh bldh dqN ekax gSA

Vhd] es# vksd ;k rsanw (Mk;ksfLijksl Lih-) ds dqN isM+ yxk fn, tk,a rks xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dh

vkfFkZd lqj{kk dk iq[rk bartke fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn ;fn ifjokj fdlh vkdfLed nq?kZVuk ;k

vkink dk f'kdkj gks tk, rks ;g fdlh ,d isM+ dks bekjrh ydM+h ds fy, csp ldrk gSA ;s isM+

,d rjg ds fVacj cSad dk dke djsaxsA es# vksd ;k rsanw o`{k ftruh txg ?ksjsaxs] mlds fglkc ls

[kkus ;ksX; iQy Hkh iSnk djrs jgsaxsA

;qorh ftldk çseh Fkk isM+

ukxkyS.M ds pksaxyh vkfnokfl;ksa dh yksddFkk% ,d ckj dh ckr gS fd ,d vehj

vkneh ds ?kj esa ,d laqnj dU;k dk tUe gqvkA tc yM+dh toku gqbZ rks cgqr ls ukStoku mldk

gkFk ekaxus vk,A ysfdu ;qorh us lcdks ykSVk fn;kA xkao dh vU; fookg ;ksX; ;qofr;ksa ds lkFk esa

;qorh Hkh ,d ^xqjax* esa jgrh FkhA ogka ,d ukStoku mlls feyus vkrk FkkA jkr Hkj jgrk vkSj lqcg

gksrs gh pyk tkrkA nksuksa esa cM+k xgjk çse FkkA fnu esa og ;qorh ml ;qod dks iwjs xkao esa <wa<+rh

fiQjrh* ysfdu og dHkh dgha feyrk gh ughaA vkf[kj esa mlus vius ekrk&firk ls ml ;qod ds ckjs

273

esa crk;kA firk us dle [kkbZ fd og viuh csVh ds çseh dk irk yxkdj gh ne ysxkA fnu esa mls

Hkh og ugha feykA fiQj ,d jkr og ml ^xqjax* ds ckgj Nqi x;k vkSj fuxjkuh j[kus yxkA

ukStoku pqids ls xqjax esa ?kqlkA lqcg og ckgj vk;kA ;qorh dk firk mldk ihNk djus yxkA

og vius xqjax dh rjiQ tkus dh ctk; xkao ds iQkVd ds ckgj vk;k vkSj ogka ls >jus dh vksj

py iM+kA tSls gh og >jus ds ikl igqapk] ogka ,d fofp=k n`'; ns[kus dks feykA ml ;qod dh

Hkqtk,a rks 'kk[kkvksa esa cny xbZaA cky vkSj jksa, ifÙk;ksa esa cny x,A dku dh ckfy;ka iQwyksa ds liQsn

xqPNs esa cny xbZaA ns[krs&ns[krs gh ;qod dh lqMkSy nsg ,d yacs&rxM+s o`{k esa cny xbZA

firk rks vkxccwyk gks x;kA ;g isM+ mldh yM+dh dks /ks[kk ns jgk FkkA mlus ml tknqbZ isM+

dks dkV Mkyus dk fu'p; fd;k] rkfd bl çseh isM+ ls mldh yM+dh dk ges'kk ds fy, ihNk NwV

tk,A fiQj og fdlh lkekU; ;qod ls viuh csVh C;kg nsxkA tc iwjk fnu fudy vk;k rks ;qorh ds

firk us vius lHkh fe=kksa vkSj lxs&lacaf/;ksa dks bdV~Bk fd;k vkSj lcds lc dqYgkfM+;ka ysdj ml

isM+ ij fiy iM+sA os ckjckj dqYgkM+h pykrs exj isM+ dk cky Hkh ckadk u gqvkA vkf[kj esa os lc

vkSj Hkh rst dqYgkM+s vkSj vkfj;ka yk,aA bl geys dks og vdsyk isM+ lg ugha ik;k vkSj HkjHkjkdj

fxj iM+kA ejrs le; isM+ dh ydM+h dk ,d VqdM+k nwj tk mM+kA mM+rs&mM+rs og yM+dh ds ikl

igqapk vkSj vka[k esa ls lh/s fnekx esa tk ?kqlkA ml ;qorh ds Hkh çk.k&i[ks: mM+ x,A

bl çseh isM+ dks dkV fxjkus dh [kq'kh eukrk gqvk ;qorh dk firk tc ?kj ykSVk rks mlus ns[kk

fd mldh yM+dh Hkh ?kj ds vanj ejh iM+h gSA nksuksa çsfe;ksa us ,d lkFk çk.k R;kxsA

jktdqekj vkSj eksjia[kh

,d le; dh ckr gS fd ,d cM+k /uh O;kikjh jgrk FkkA mldh lkr csfV;ka FkhaA O;kikjh dks

vius /uoku gksus dk cM+k ?keaM FkkA og viuh 'ks[kh c?kkjus dk dksbZ ekSdk ugha NksM+rk FkkA ,d

fnu tc dksbZ vkSj ugha feyk rks og viuh lkrksa csfV;ksa dks cqykdj muds lkeus gh viuh 'kku dk

274

c[kku djus yxkA mlus mu lkrksa cfguksa ls iwNk] ^rqEgsa fdlds HkkX; ls 'kku&'kkSdr dh ftanxh vkSj

[kq'kh feyh gSA* Ng yM+fd;ksa us tokc fn;k] vkids HkkX; ls firkthA**

ysfdu NksVh yM+dh us mudh gka esa gka ugha feykbZA og cksyh] ^eq>s tks Hkh lq[k feyk gS] og

eq>s esjs lkSHkkX; ls feyk gSA*

^vPNk ,slh ckr]* O;kikjh NksVh csVh ij fcxM+ mBkA ^^ns[krk gwa rqEgkjk lkSHkkX; dc rd

rqEgkjk lkFk nsxk] ns[krk gwaA* mlus vius ukSdjksa dks cqyk;k vkSj ,d ikydh esa NksVh csVh dks fcBkdj

?kus taxy esa Hkst fn;kA mlds lkFk mlus cl lqbZ&/kxk j[kk vkSj ml cw<+h vk;k dks ftlus mls

cpiu ls ikyk&ikslk FkkA

taxy igqaprs&igqaprs 'kke gks xbZ rks nksuksa efgyk,a ikydh ls mrjdj ,d fo'kky Vhd&o`{k

ds uhps cSB xbZaA ikydh mBkus okys dgkjksa us muds gkFk tksM+s vkSj okil ykSV x,A

yM+dh ml ?kus taxy esa Mjus yxhA Vhd ds fo'kky o`{k us uhps >qddj ns[kk fd ,d 14

lky dh yM+dh Mj ds ekjs dkai jgh gSA mls el[kjh lw>h vkSj mls vkSj Hkh Mjkrk gqvk cksyk] ^,s

Mjiksd yM+dh! bl taxy esa cM+s [kaw[kkj taxyh tkuoj jgrs gSaA os vHkh vk tk,axs vkSj rqEgsa [kk

tk,axsA* vc rks yM+dh vkSj Hkh T;knk Mj xbZA mldh vka[kksa ls vkalqvksa dh >M+h yx xbZA Vhd dk

isM+ fny dk vPNk FkkA mls yM+dh ij n;k vk xbZA og mls iqpdkjrs gq, cksyk] ^ugha esjh I;kjh

csVhA jksvks erA rqEgsa dqN ugha gksxkA eSa tks gwaA eSa rqEgkjh j{kk d:axkA rqEgkjh enn d:axkA eSa viuk

ruk [kksy nsrk gwaA rqe nksuksa mlds vanj Nqi tkukA*

;g dgdj mlus viuk ruk [kksy fn;kA rus ds chp esa ,d njoktk&lk cu x;kA og yM+dh

vkSj mldh vk;k ml [kksy ds vanj ?kql x,A isM+ us rus dks fiQj ls can dj fy;k vkSj oSlk gks x;k

tSlk igys FkkA jkr dks taxyh tkuoj fudysA ?kwers&?kkers os tc bl isM+ ds ikl igqaps rks mUgsa

euq";&xa/ vkus yxhA os isM+ ds Åij xqjkZ,] ^^gesa irk gS rqeus euq";ksa dks Nqik;k gqvk gSA** ;g

275

dgdj lcds lc isM+ ij >iV iM+sA fdlh us mldh Nky uksap Mkyh rks dksbZ Vgfu;ka rksM+us yxk

vkSj fdlh us lkjh ifÙk;ka >kM+ nhaA ysfdu isM+ bu [kaw[kkj geykojksa dh gj T;knrh lgrk jgk vkSj

Vl ls el ugha gqvkA mldh dVh&iQVh Nky esa gq, ?kkoksa ls [kwu cgus yxk] exj isM+ us miQ u dhA

lwjt fudyrs gh lkjs taxyh tkuoj isM+ dks NksM+dj Hkkx [kM+s gq, vkSj viuh&viuh ekanksa esa

Nqi x,A rc tkdj isM+ us Hkh pSu dh lkal yh vkSj vius rus ds iV [kksy fn,A mlesa ls os nksuksa

Hkh ckgj vk xbZaA mUgksaus ns[kk fd isM+ dh nsg ij txg&txg ?kko gks x, Fks vkSj muesa ls [kwu fjl

jgk FkkA

^rqe fdrus vPNs gks]* ;g dgdj yM+dh ml isM+ ls fyiV xbZA rqeus gekjh tku cpkus ds

fy, viuh tku nkao ij yxk nhA rqeus gesa 'kj.k nh ;g ge dHkh ugha Hkwy ldrsA* ;g dgdj nksuksa

ikl dh unh ds fdukjs xbZa vkSj ogka ls xhyh feV~Vh ykdj isM+ dh dVh&iQVh Nky ds Åij ey

nhA*

isM+ dks FkksM+k vkjke feykA og cksyk] ^vc rqe yksxksa dks Hkw[k yxh gksxhA* yM+dh us gkeh

HkjhA

^rqEgkjs ikl ftrus iSls gSa] vk;k dks ns nksA og 'kgj tkdj Hkqus gq, pkoy ([kkbZ) [kjhn

yk,xh* yM+dh us vius fMCcs ls dqN lqb;ka vkSj /kkxs fudkys vkSj vk;k ls dgk fd og bUgsa 'kgj

ls cspdj ^[kkbZ* ys vk,A

vk;k okil ykSVh rks ,d FkSys esa [kkbZ Hkj dj ykbZ FkhA os nksuksa [kkus cSBha] rks isM+ us mUgsa

lko/ku fd;k] ns[kks vHkh bldk vk/k gh [kkukA ckdh vk/k unh ds fdukjs fc[ksj nsukA* mu nksuksa us

oSlk gh fd;k] gkykafd mudh le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd Hkqus gq, pkoy unh rV ij fc[ksjus ds

fy, D;ksa dgk x;kA blds ckn isM+ us rus ds iV [kksys vkSj os vanj lksus pyh xbZaA iV can gks x,A

276

jkr dks ogka unh rV ij eksj&ekjfu;ksa ds >qaM lSj djus vkrs FksA tc bu if{k;ksa us ogka Hkqus

gq, pkoy iM+s ns[ks rks os [kq'kh ls ikxy gks x, vkSj lcus feydj ,d&,d nkuk pqx fy;kA bl

gcM+k&rcM+h esa eksjksa ds cgqr ls ia[k jxM+ [kkdj fudy x, vkSj ogha fxj iM+sA

lqcg gqbZA iV [kqysA yM+dh vkSj vk;k ckgj fudyhaA isM+ us mUgsa fgnk;r nh] tkvks vkSj unh

ds fdukjs ij fc[kjs eksj ia[k pqu ykvksA budks vkil esa flydj] eksj ia[kh cukuk vkSj uxj

ds jktk dks HkasV dj vkukA

yM+dh us mu ia[kksa ls cM+h lqanj eksjia[kh fly Mkyh vkSj vk;k jktegy esa ys xbZA jktdqekj

us eksjia[kh ns[kh rks og mls cgqr vPNh yxhA mlus iQkSju [kjhn yhA ^;s D;k rqeus cukbZ gS\* mlus

vk;k ls iwNkA ^ugha] ugha eSaus ugha]* vk;k us crk;k fd mldh ekyfdu ftruh [kqn lqanj gS mlls Hkh

T;knk lqanj flykbZ&d<+kbZ djrh gSA ;g eksjia[kh mlh us cukbZ gSA

jktdqekj dks eksjia[kh cspdj vk;k dks tks iSlk feyk mlls og fiQj Hkqus gq, pkoy ([kkbZ)

[kjhn ykbZA fiQj mu nksuksa us vk/k [kk;k vkSj vk/k unh rV fc[ksj fn;kA jkr dks tc eksjksa dk >qaM

vk;k rks lqcg ml yM+dh dks <sj lkjs eksj ia[k fey x,A mlus dbZ eksjia[kh cukbZa ftls ysdj vk;k

fiQj jktegy xbZA ogka jktdqekj ds fe=kksa vkSj njckfj;ksa us Hkh eksjia[kh [kjhn yhaA

tc Hkh jktdqekj feyrk] ;g t:j iwNrk] ^D;k eksjia[kh cukus okyh [kqn cspus ugha vk;sxhA*

bl ij vk;k tokc nsrh] ^ugha] Jheu~] esjh ekyfdu cgqr laLdkjoku gS] og [kqn ;gka 'kgj esa

eksjia[kh cspus D;ksa vkus yxh \**

vc rks bruk /u bdV~Bk gks x;k fd ml NksVh yM+dh vkSj vk;k us Vhd ds isM+ ds ikl gh

NksVk&lk edku cuk fy;kA og viuh vk;k ds lkFk mlh ?kj esa jgus yxhA ysfdu bruh dq'ky

flykbZ djus okyh dks ns[kus ds fy, jktdqekj cspSu gks x;kA ,d fnu og vk;k ds ihNs&ihNs taxy

277

vk;k vkSj ml yM+dh dks ns[kkA vc rks og vkSj Hkh laqnj gks xbZ FkhA mlus mlls 'kknh djus dk eu

cuk fy;kA

yM+dh Hkh jkth gks xbZ ysfdu mlus 'krZ j[kh fd fookg taxy esa gh gksxkA jktk Lo;a

jktdqekj dh ckjkr ysdj ogka igqapsA Vhd ds o`{k dks lqanj iQwyksa ls ltk;k x;k vkSj mlh ds uhps

bl yM+dh dk jktdqekj ls fookg lEiUu gqvkA taxy esa eaxy gks x;kA nwYgk&nqfYgu us Vhd dh

tM+ksa ij nw/ p<+kdj mldh iwtk dhA yM+dh ds firk dks Hkh irk py x;k FkkA og ldqpkrk gqvk

viuh ckdh csfV;ksa ds lkFk bl fookg lekjksg esa 'kkfey gqvkA yM+dh ds ouokl ds le; ftl

rjg Vhd o`{k us mldh ns[kHkky dh] blds fy, lHkh us ml isM+ dh ljkguk dhA vius iDds bjkns

vkSj cqf¼eÙkk ds cy ij og yM+dh jkuh cudj taxy ls jktegy igqap xbZA

fxadks dqy (fxadks,lh)

o`{kkjksi.k dk isM+ksa dh mez ls cM+k ?kfu"B laca/ gSA isM+ jksirs le; ge çk;% lksprs gSa fd

dksbZ isM+ cl vkneh ls dqN gh yach mez ik;sxkA tcfd vusd o`{k lSdM+ksa] gtkjksa cfYd ,Liu dk

Dyksu rks yk[kksa o"kZ rd iQyrk&iQwyrk jg ldrk gSA

ftUgsa isM+ksa dh yach mez esa fnypLih gS] mUgsa fxadks o`{k dks mxkus ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk gksxkA

fxadks (fxadks ckbyksck) 'kk;n bl /jrh dk lcls iqjkuk thfor o`{k gSA vius orZeku :i esa

gh bl Lih'kht us de ls de 20 djksM+ o"kZ xqtkj fn, gSaA

bl Vªkb,fld ;qx ds o`{k dks mxkus dk ;g Hkh ,d cM+k dkj.k gSA ysfdu ;g ,dek=k dkj.k

ugha gSA ;g o`{k rhu lsaVhehVj O;kl okys NksVs iQy cM+h la[;k esa iSnk djrk gS tks fd [kkus ;ksX;

gksrs gSaA buesa cht Hkh psLVuV ;k ewaxiQyh dh rjg Hkwudj [kk, tk ldrs gSaA lM+rs gq, iQy dh

nqxZa/ vlguh; gksrh gS] ysfdu iQyksa dks lM+us gh D;ksa nsaA

278

fxadks ouLifr txr dk dksbZ Hkhedk; o`{k ugha gS] ysfdu iQy vkSj esok nsus okys o`{kksa dh

Js.kh esa ;g dkiQh cM+s o`{kksa esa fxuk tk ldrk gSA nf{k.k ;wjksi esa bldh dqN çtkfr;ka 45 ehVj dh

yackbZ rd igqap tkrh gSaA xje bykdksa esa jksius ij os vkSj Hkh yach tk ldrh gSA fxadks dh

vf/dre o`f¼ mUgha fnuksa gqbZ tc /jrh bl le; ds eqdkcys dgha T;knk xje FkhA bl n`f"V ls

;wjksi esa mxus okyh çtkfr;ka dqN&dqN ,slh gSa] tSls mudh o`f¼ dHkh #d xbZ gksA

fxadks ,d rjg fcYdqy nwljh nqfu;k dk isM+ gS vkSj blus vius lHkh çkd`frd 'k=kqvksa ls

vf/d yack thou ft;k gSA fxadks dh ifÙk;ka [kkus okys dhV ;k mlesa chekjh djus okys jksxk.kq &

vc dksbZ Hkh utj ugha vkrsA ftu fxadksa o`{kksa dks 'kksHkk ds fy, mxk;k tkrk gS] os lcds lc iwjh

rjg LoLFk jgrs gSaA 'kk;n ;gh dkj.k gS fd fxadks esa dqN ,sls ;kSfxd ik, tkrs gSa] tks fdlh vkSj

isM+ esa ugha feyrsA bu fnuksa izQkal vkSj teZuh esa fxadks dh ifÙk;ksa ls fudkyh xbZ nok,a cM+h

yksdfç; gSaA

czkthy uV dqy (ysflfFkMslh)

cM+s&cM+s esos (uV) okys o`{kksa esa czkthy uV (cFkksZysfV;k ,DlsYlk) yktckc gSA blfy, bls

^uV&jkt* dgrs gSa ;kuh esoksa dk jktkA bldk isM+ çk;% 55&60 ehVj yack gks tkrk gS vkSj O;kl esa

nks ;k rhu ehVj dk gks tkrk gSA iQy dkiQh cM+s gksrs gSaA budk [kksy daVhyk vkSj Hkkjh gksrk gSA

,d&,d iQy dk otu rhu&rhu fdyksxzke rd gks ldrk gS vkSj O;kl 10&15 lsaVhehVjA gj iQy

ds vanj 15 ls 30 rd frdksus ^uV* gksrs gSa] tks 6&7 lsaVhehVj yacs gksrs gSa & vkSj buesa nks NYys cus

gksrs gSaA cM+s isM+ vkerkSj ij 100 vkSj 500 rd iQy iSnk djrs gSaA vusd yksx ;g ekurs gSa fd

^czkthy uV* lHkh esokvksa ls T;knk Lokfn"V gksrs gSaA

279

cM+s&cM+s ,dy o`{k okys cxhpksa esa dsoy czkthy uV mxkuk eqf'dy gS] D;ksafd budks ijkx.k

ds fy, cl ^;wXykslkbu eD[kh* pkfg,A fiQj Hkh çfr gSDVj ikap ls lkr Vu rd esok fey tkrh gS]

tks [kkus ;ksX; gksrh gSA d`f"kokfudh ç.kkyh esa o`{k[ksrh ds fy, czkthy uV ds o`{k Åijh eafty ds

isM+ksa ds :i esa mxk, tk ldrs gSaA bldh Lih'kht dks nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj dSjhfc;u }hiksa esa

çofrZr djus dh cgqr dksf'k'k dh xbZ] ysfdu czkthy uV ogka mxus ds fy, jkth ugha gq,A ;g bu

{ks=kksa ds yksxksa ds fy, rks cqjk gqvk] ysfdu vestu çns'k ds fuokfl;ksa ds fy, vPNk jgkA ugha rks

mudks vkfFkZd :i ls Hkh gkfu gks ldrh FkhA

czkthy uV cM+s ikSf"Vd gksrs gSaA buesa 14-3 çfr'kr çksVhu] 10-9 çfr'kr dkcksZgkbMªsV vkSj

66-9 çfr'kr fpdukbZ gksrh gSA bl o`{k dh bekjrh ydM+h Hkh cgqr ewY;oku ekuh tkrh gSA

dsyk dqy (ewlslh)

dsyk ^ewlk* thul dk lnL; gSA vksDVkfo;l vkWxLVl lhtj (63 ls 14 bZ-iw-) dk ,d

fpfdRld gqvk djrk Fkk] ,.Vksfuvks ewlkA mlh ds uke ij dsys ds oa'k dk uke ^ewlk* j[kk x;kA

bldh lcls egRoiw.kZ Lih'kht gSa ewlk isjkfMflvkdk vkSj ewlk lsfi,.VeA ^isjkfMflvkdk* 'kCn

^isjkMkbt* ;kuh LoxZ ls cuk gSA dgrs gSa fd dsyk igyk ikS/k Fkk tks LoxZ esa mxk;k x;kA ;g vnu

ds ml ckx esa Hkh mxrk Fkk tgka ,Me vkSj bZo ;kuh vkne vkSj gkSok us dsys ds iÙks dks gh viuk

v/ksoL=k cuk;k FkkA laLd`r ds 'kCn ^eksp* ds nks vFkZ gSa ^jlhyk* vkSj lkFk esa ,slk O;fDr ftls

lkalkfjd eksg ugha jgk gksA ^lSfi,aVe* dk vFkZ Hkh & ^lar* gksrk gSA fganh ds 'kCn ^dsyk* dk eryc

gS fgyus&Mqyus okykA laLd`r esa dsyk ^dnyh* dgk tkrk gS ftldk vFkZ >.Mk ;k cSuj gksrk gSA

ouLifrK :fUiQ;l dk dguk gS fd dsyk iwohZ Hkkjr dh nsu gS] tgka ;g xaxk unh ds nksuksa

rjiQ mxrk FkkA ogka ls dsyk iQkjl] lhfj;k] vjc vksj feJ ns'kksa esa igqapkA ckS¼ dky dh çfrekvksa

280

esa dnyh o`{k fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa vkSj cq¼ /eZ ds eBksa ds fu;eksa dh ,d iqfLrdk esa ^ekspiku* uked is;

dk mYys[k vkrk gS] tks dsys ls gh cuk;k tkrk FkkA

oSls bls dgrs rks gSa isM+] ysfdu vly esa dsyk ,d 'kkdh; ikS/k gS tks vkdkj esa dqN T;knk

gh cM+k gks x;k gSA ;g cgqo"khZ lnkcgkj ikS/k gksrk gS & vkSj bldh ifÙk;ka cgqr pkSM+h gksrh gSaA ;g

rsth ls c<+rk gS vkSj cM+h tYnh iQy nsus yxrk gSA bldh gjh ifÙk;ka cgqr cM+h gksrh gSaA ysfdu

lkFk gh bruh dksey gksrh gSa fd tjk&lh vka/h pys ;k rwiQku vk tk, rks ;g dV&iQV tkrh gSaA gj

iÙkh viuh eè; f'kjk ij fyiVh gqbZ fudyrh gS vkSj fiQj /hjs&/hjs [kqyrh tkrh gSA ckn esa fudyus

okyh ifÙk;ka NksVh gksrh gSaA lcls vkf[kj okyh rks csgn NksVh gksrh gSa vkSj iQwy ds Åij ,sls Nk tkrh

gSa] tSls mldh j{kk dj jgh gksaA

dsyksa esa yksgk] vU; [kfut] iQkLiQksjl vkSj foVkfeu gksrs gSaA ;g ÅtkZnk;d vkgkjksa esa lcls

egRoiw.kZ gSA f'k'kqvksa dk igyk Bksl vkgkj vDlj dsyk gh gksrk gS] D;ksafd bls ipkuk vklku gSA

dPps dsyksa dh lCth cukbZ tkrh gSA ifÙk;ksa dks iÙky dh rjg bLrseky djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa /ksdj]

lkiQ djds mu ij Hkkstu ijkslrs gSaA dsys ds taxyh ikS/s [ksrksa dh esM+ksa ij yxk fn, tkrs gSa] D;ksafd

muds dkj.k nhed [ksr esa ugha vkrhaA

ue vkSj v/Zue bykdksa esa jgus okys xjhcksa ds fy, dsyk cM+k ikSf"Vd vkgkj gSA lu~ 1998

esa dsys dk fo'o esa 800 yk[k Vu mRiknu gqvk FkkA ysfdu 'kk;n ;g cgqr de djds crkrk gS]

blfy, ;g vkadM+k Hkjksls ds yk;d ugha gSA dukMk ds vkb-Mh-vkj-lh- (IDRC–International

Development Research Center) us fglkc yxk;k gs fd lgkjk ds fupys fgLls okys vizQhdh

bykds esa ,d O;fDr lky Hkj esa vkSlru dksbZ 250 fdyksxzke dsyk [kk tkrk gSA

vxj ;g vkadM+k lgh gS rks vdsys mi&lgkjh; vizQhdk esa gh] fo'o ds dqy dsyk&mRiknu

ds tks vkadM+s crk, tk jgs gSa] mlls frxquk dsyk iSnk gksrk gksxkA ;g dkiQh rdZlaxr Hkh yxrk gS

281

D;ksafd vizQhdh yksx lpeqp dsyk vf/d ek=kk esa [kkrs gSA fiNys dqN n'kdksa ls ;gka yksxksa us vius

?kjksa ds vklikl dsys ds xkN [kwc mxkus 'kq: dj fn, gSaA ftruh rsth ls ;gka dh vkcknh ugha c<+h]

mruh rsth ls dsys ds ikS/s jksis tk jgs gSaA ukbthfj;k ds ue bykdksa esa dsys ds ikS/ksa ls çfr gSDVj

60&70 Vu rd iQy fey tkrs gSaA foygsYe yksV~lpVZ vkSj xsjgkMZ cht+ ds vuqlkj vkn'kZ fLFkfr;ksa

esa çfr gSDVj 100 ls 130 Vu rd dsyk iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vkgkj ds :i esa dsyk bruk vf/d iks"kd gS fd vkerkSj ij yksxksa dks bldk vanktk ugha gSA

dsys ds iQyksa dk dSyksjheku vkSlru 490 kJ/100 xzke gksrk gS] tks fd pkoy ds dSyksjheku ds ,d

frgkbZ ls Hkh vf/d gSA dsys esa ,d çfr'kr çksVhu Hkh gksrk gS] tks cgqr vf/d rks ugha gS] ysfdu

tgka dsys dkiQh rknkn esa [kk, tkrs gSa] ogka ;g fu'p; gh egRoiw.kZ gSA ;g rks lc ekurs gSa fd

yksxksa dh iks"k.k vkSj [kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, dsys dk cM+k egRo gS] ysfdu fo'o ds [kk|&mRiknu esa

dsys dh bl Hkwfedk dks 'kk;n gh dHkh ekU;rk nh xbZ gksA

ewlk thul esa dqy feykdj 50 ds yxHkx Lih'kht gSaA

;gka ij buds ,d nwj ds taxyh laca/h dk ftØ djuk t:jh gSA ;g gS taxyh dsyk ;k

,UlsVs (,UlsVs ts.Vªhdksle)A ;g ,d ,slk ikS/k gS tks fd vizQhdk dh ue mijkaÅ ?kkfV;ksa esa taxyh

rkSj ij mxrk gSA mldk ikS/k dsys ls cM+k gksrk gSA bldk ruk 12 ehVj rd yack gks ldrk gSA

cM+h&cM+h ifÙk;ka yackbZ esa dqN ehVj vkSj tksM+ nsrh gSaA dsys dh rqyuk eas ,UlsVs lw[kk lgus esa Hkh

vf/d l{ke gSA bl taxyh dsys dk iQy rks [kkus ;ksX; ugha gksrk ysfdu ikS/s ds dbZ vU; Hkkx

[kk, tk ldrs gSaA [kkus ;ksX; Hkkxksa esa ruk vkSj çdan (corm) 'kkfey gSaA tc ;s u,&u, gksrs gSa rHkh

budks vkyw dh rjg mcky dj [kk ldrs gSaA ysfdu tc ikS/k cM+k gks x;k gks rks mldk ruk vkSj

çdan nksuksa brus dM+s gks tkrs gSa fd mudks dqpydj xM~<ksa esa nckdj dqN eghuksa rd muesa [kehj

mBus nsrs gSaA blds ckn mudk mi;ksx 20 ls vf/d vyx&vyx O;atu cukus esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA

282

buesa dsd] ;ks?kVZ] rFkk vuktksa ds vkgkj ds lkFk feykuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA ;g ikS/k cs'kdherh js'kk Hkh

iSnk djrk gS] ftlls diM+s cuk, tkrs gSaA

laHkor% ,UlsVs dk ?kjsywdj.k vc ls dksbZ 5000 vkSj 10]000 lky igys bZfFk;ksfi;k esa gqvk

FkkA 17oha lnh eas ;g bZfFk;ksfi;k esa vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa dkiQh la[;k esa mxk;k tkus yxk FkkA mu

fnuksa ,d iqrZxkyh iknjh us ;k=kk dh Fkh vkSj mlus fy[kk gS fd ^;gka ds vf/drj yksx bl taxyh

dsys ds ikS/s ij gh iyrs gSa*A ,d vU; iqrZxkyh ;k=kh us fy[kk %

^^idkus ij bldk Lokn gekjh 'kyte tSlk yxrk gSA blfy, ;gka ds yksx bldks ^xjhcksa dk

xkN* dgrs gSa] gkykafd vehj yksx Hkh bldks ,d lqLoknq HkksT; inkFkZ ds :i esa xzg.k djrs gSaA

bldks ^Hkw[k dk fojks/h o`{k* Hkh dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd ftlds ikl bldk ,d Hkh isM+ gS] mls fiQj

Hkw[ks jgus dk dksbZ Mj ugha jgsxkA**

;g lpeqp cM+h fnypLi ckr gS fd ,UlsVs dks [kklrkSj ls ckjckj lw[kk vkSj vdky dk

lkeuk djus okys bZfFk;ksfi;k esa vdky ds fo#¼ ches ds :i esa çpkfjr fd;k x;k gSA

ckn esa bZfFk;ksfi;k ds mÙkjh Hkkxksa esa ,UlsVs dh txg nwljh iQlysa mxkbZ tkus yxhaA vc rks

cl ;gka ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa gh ,UlsVs dk vkgkj ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS] tgka ;g xzkeh.k

vizQhdk dh lcls ?kuh vkcknh dk eq[; Hkkstu gSA dqN le; igys ,UlsVs dks bZfFk;ksfi;k ds mÙkjh

Hkkxksa esa fiQj ls mxkus ds ç;kl fd, x, gSaA

;wfuoflZVh vkWiQ ÝyksfjMk ds iqjkrRoosÙkk LVhou czS.MVh us vrhr esa ,UlsVs dk euq"; fdl

rjg mi;ksx djrk jgk gS] bl ckjs esa [kkstchu dh gSA mudk dguk gS fd taxyh ,UlsVs if'pe] iwoZ

vkSj nf{k.k vizQhdk ds dkiQh cM+s fgLls esa iQSyk gqvk gSA blfy, ;g cgqr vPNk gksxk fd vizQhdk

ds ue vkSj v/ue bykdksa esa vkSj Hkh txgksa esa ,UlsVs dh o`{k[ksrh dh tk,A nf{k.kh fo'o ds vU;

leku HkkSxksfyd {ks=kksa esa Hkh bldks mxk;k tk ldrk gSA bl ckjs esa ç;ksx fd, tkus pkfg,A

283

nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh ,d yksdxkFkk ds vuqlkj dsyk fcuk ij&ijkx.k ds Lo;a gh Lo;a dks

fu"ksfpr djrk gSA blfy, bldks nsoh ikoZrh dk vorkj ekuk tkrk gSA iwjs Hkkjr esa fookg ds eaMi esa

dksuksa ij dsys ds rus vkSj ifÙk;ka yxkbZ tkrh gSaA if'peh ?kkV esa dsyk dks uank nsoh dk vorkj ekurs

gSaA mudh vkd`fr;ka dsys ds rus esa mdsjh tkrh gSa vkSj dkfrZd ekl esa mUgsa ufn;ksa esa cgk;k tkrk gSA

egkHkkjr esa guqeku dk vkokl dqcsj&iq"dfj.kh unh ds rV ij dnyhou esa crk;k x;k gSA

fgUnqvksa dh nsoh dkyh ds ukS :iksa esa ls lcds lkFk dsyk tqM+k gS vkSj blfy, bls ifo=k

ekuk tkrk gSA caxky esa dsys ds xkN ds uhps gh nwYgk&nqfYgu iQsjs ysrs gSa vkSj muds eqdqV dsys ds

rus ls gh cuk, tkrs gSaA Jko.k (tqykbZ&vxLr) esa ogka dsys ds ikS/ksa dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA ,d

ckaXyk dgkor gS %

dkyk ykfx, uk dsVks ikr A

rsrsbZ dkiM rsrsbZ Hkkr AA

vFkkZr jksis gq, dsys ds iÙks er rksfM+,A rks vkidks diM+k Hkh feysxk vkSj Hkkr HkhA

ikS/s dks iQy dh rqM+kbZ ds ckn gh dkVk tkrk gSA blfy, ;g Hkh dgkor py iM+h gS fd

vius gh deksZa dk iQy cqjs yksxksa dks etk p[kkrk gSA

dsys dk xkN vYik;q okyk D;ksa \

xMkck vkfnokfl;ksa dh yksddFkk% vke] beyh] dsyk] vathj vkSj dkyk vywpk ;s ikap cfgusa

ukpk&xk;k djrh FkhaA mUgksaus lkspk fd vc fookg djuk pkfg,A os bl xkao ls ml xkao gj txg

ifr;ksa dh ryk'k djus yxhaA ysfdu dksbZ muls fookg ds fy, jkth ugha gqvkA Hkxoku bZliqj egkçHkq

us lkspk] ^^vxj ;s ikapksa cfgusa vfookfgr jg xbZa rks ;g rks cM+k iki gks tk,xkA**

284

mUgksaus ikapksa cfguksa ls iwNk os D;k pkgrh gSa \ pkj cfgusa ,d Loj esa cksyha ^^gesa ifr pkfg,

vkSj <sj lkjs cPpsA** ysfdu ikapoh cfgu dnyh cksyh] eSa rks ifr ugha pkgrhA gka] cPps t:j pkgrh

gwa] ysfdu T;knk ugha] D;ksafd fiQj eSa bruh lqanj ugha fn[kwaxh vkSj tYnh gh cw<+h gks tkÅaxhA**

pkj cfguksa dks muds ifr fey x,A dnyh dks cl cPps feysA tYnh gh pkjks cfguksa ds ?kj

esa brus cPps gks x, ftrus fd muds flj ij cky FksA muds ifr bruk cM+k ifjokj ns[kdj Mj x,

vkSj mUgsa NksM+dj Hkkx x,A ysfdu muds cPpksa us ekrkvksa dks idM+ fy;k vkSj mu ij igjk yx

x;kA os mUgsa tkus gh u nsaA grk'k gksdj pkjks cfguksa us egkçHkq ls çkFkZuk dh] gesa gekjs cPpksa ls

cpkvks çHkqA

egkçHkq us mu cfguksa dks o`{kksa esa cny fn;kA muds cky 'kk[kk,a cu x, vkSj cPps iQyA

^vc rqEgkjs ifr dgka ls vk,axsA* egkçHkq us iwNkA

^^tks Hkh bu isM+ksa dh Vgfu;ksa ij p<+sxk] ogh gekjk ifr gksxk]** pkjks cfguksa us ,d Loj esa

dgkA bl rjg mu pkjksa dks ifr fey x,A ysfdu dnyh vc Hkh ifr ds fy, rS;kj ugha gqbZA dnyh

ds cPps Hkh de FksA dksbZ ifr u gksus ls lHkh euq"; mls çse djus yxsA og gjne toku fn[kus

yxhA gj lky mlus ,d ckj iQy nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA

ukxiQuh dqy (dSDVslh)

ukxiQuh dqy ewyr% nf{k.k vkSj eè; vejhdk eSfDldks vkSj ;w-,l-,- ds nf{k.kh Hkkx dk

fuoklh gSA ;g cM+s fnypLi ikS/ksa dk dqy gS] ysfdu bldh Hkh cM+h mis{kk gqbZ gSA ukxiQuh dqy ds

ikS/s lw[ks bykdksa esa gksrs gSa vkSj mUgksaus lw[ks ds çfr cM+h dq'ky fodkl&çfØ;k viukbZ gSA fnu esa os

vius i.kZja/z (LVksesVk) can j[krs gSa vkSj jkr esa mUgsa [kksydj cl muesa ls dkcZu Mkb vkWDlkbM vanj

ysrs gSaA ;g çdk'k la'ys"k.k (iQksVksflaFksfll) esa dke vkrh gSaA bl rjg mudh ikuh dh t:jr

285

cgqr de gks tkrh gSA ftruk ikuh os xzg.k djrs gSa] mldh rqyuk esa dgha T;knk dSyksjh ÅtkZ iSnk

djrs gSaSA bl dqy dk jktk gS lkxqvkjks dSDVl (flfj;l tkbxsafV;l) tks cgqr cM+k gksrk gSA ;g

lSdM+ksa lky rd thfor jgrk gS vkSj 15 Vu dk gks tkrk gSA lkxqvkjks ds iQy [kkus ;ksX; gksrs gSaA

çksiQslj ;kstsiQ fetjkgh us btjkby esa usxso e#LFky esa ç;ksx ds rkSj ij dqN dSDVl mxk,

FksA mUgksaus [kklrkSj ij nks Lih'kht ij è;ku dsfUær fd;k &&,iy dSDVl (flfj;l is:fovkuksl)

vkSj fiQx dSDVl (vksiaf'k;k iQkbdlbafMdk)A

mUgksaus dsoy 400 feyhehVj ikuh (o"kkZ vkSj flapkbZ feykdj) bLrseky fd;k vkSj flapkbZ ds

ikuh esa FkksM+k lk moZjd feyk;kA cl brus ls gh bu dSDVlksa dh o`{k[ksrh ls mUgsa çfr gSDVj çfro"kZ

40 Vu iQy vkSj 400 Vu dSDVl dk [kkus ;ksX; xwnk feykA

gkykafd bu dSDVl iQyksa vkSj xwns dh iks"koÙkk cgqr de gS (yxHkx 100 kJ/100 xzke)A

ysfdu ckjkuh vkSj 'kq"d d`f"k esa dSDVlksa ds egRowi.kZ ;ksx dks udkjk ugha tk ldrkA

bl le; dsoy ,d gh ns'k gS] tgka dSDVl ds xwns dks cM+s iSekus ij ekuo&vkgkj ds fy,

bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj og gS eSfDldksA ;gka dSDVl oxZ ds ikS/ksa dk lkaLd`frd vkSj /kfeZd

egRo Hkh cgqr vf/d gSA ;gka ds vkfnoklh vusd [kk|&mRiknd dSDVlksa dks ifo=k o`{k ekudj

mudh iwtk djrs gSaA dSDVl ds xwns dks eSfDldks ds vU; leqnk; Hkh ilan djrs gSaA ysfdu ;g

dguk eqf'dy gS fd ;g vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh ilan fd;k tk,xk ;k ughaA

'kq"dHkwfe;ksa esa bruk rks fd;k gh tkuk pkfg, fd [kkus ;ksX; iQy vkSj xwns okys ukxiQuh ds

ikS/s [ksrksa dh esaM ij ckM+ ds :i esa jksis tk,aA buesa cM+h rh[ks dkaVs gksrs gSa] ftudh otg ls tkuoj

bUgsa pkgsa rks Hkh ugha [kk ldrsA blds fy, dkaVksa dks fdlh midj.k ls fudkyuk iM+sxk] rHkh tkuoj

bu dSDVlksa dks [kk ik,axsA Hkkjr ds fdlku rks 'kq"d fLFkfr;ksa esa cM+s tekus ls ukxiQuh dks ckM+ ds

:i esa yxkrs vk jgs gSaA rkj oxSjg dh ckM+ yxkuk eagxk iM+rk gSA fiQj dSDVl dh ckM+ rks [kkus

286

;ksX; iQy Hkh nsxhA lw[ks ds fnuksa esa blds dkaVs fudkydj dSDVl ds ikS/s tkuojksa dks Hkh f[kyk, tk

ldrs gSaA ysfdu ;gka ,d lko/kuh t:j cjruh gksxhA vxj LFkkuh; yksx okLro esa dSDVl ds xwns

dks vkgkj ekuus yxsa] rc rks fdlh u, HkkSxksfyd {ks=k esa dSDVl dks mxkus dh 'kq:vkr djkuk Bhd

gS vkSj mlls dksbZ cM+h leL;k [kM+h ugha gksxhA ysfdu vxj ,slk ugha gksrk rks dSDVl cM+h rsth ls

iQSydj [krjukd [kjirokj dk :i ys ysxkA

dqN le; igys oSKkfudksa us ukxiQuh (vksiaf'k;k) dh dkaVs jfgr fdLesa fodflr dha vkSj

mUgsa pkjs dh iQly ds :i esa vkLVªsfy;k esa çofrZr dj fn;kA ysfdu çtuu dh ;g çfØ;k vf/d

le; rd ugha pyhA vc Hkh ogka ds dqN dSDVlksa esa dkaVs iSnk djus dh ço`fÙk ns[kh tkrh gSA

ysfdu bldk fu;a=k.k vçHkkoh thu djrk gSA blfy, dkaVs T;knk cM+s ugha gksrsA tc vksiaf'k;k ;gka

taxy esa mxk rks dqN ikS/s dkaVs okys Fks vkSj dqN fcuk dkaVs okysA D;ksafd fcuk dkaVs okyksa dks rks

tkuoj pjus yxs] blfy, dkaVs okys cps jgs vkSj mudh la[;k yxkrkj c<+rh pyh xbZA os nwljs ikS/ksa

dh Hkh tehu gfFk;kus yxs] ftuesa ls cgqr&lksa dks tkuoj pjk djrs FksA vkf[kj esa yk[kksa gSDVj

pjkxkgksa esa ukxiQuh gh ukxiQuh Nk x;kA blls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, bls [kkus okys ,d dhV dh

enn ysuh iM+h tks cM+h rknkn esa NksM+k x;kA bl dhV ds çfr dSDVl esa dksbZ jksf/rk ugha Fkh vkSj

tYnh gh mldk liQk;k gks x;kA

vksiaf'k;k vkSj lsfj;l ds vykok Hkh ,sls vusd dSDVl&oa'k gSa] tks [kkus ;ksX; gSaA

jrkyw dqy (;Se dqy&Mk;ksLdksfj,lh)

jrkyw (;Se) vkSj mlds laca/h o`{kkjksgh yrk,a gksrh gSa] ftuds dan [kkus ;ksX; gksrs gSaA dqN

çtkfr;ka rks tehu ds uhps dan iSnk djrh gSa vkSj dqN tehu ds ÅijA dqN çtkfr;ksa esa nksuksa rjg

ds dan iSnk gksrs gSaA ;Se ;k jrkyw vkerkSj ij ikS/s dks fdlh isM+ ij p<+kdj iSnk fd;k tkrk gSA

287

dSjhfc;u }hi lewg esa bldh mit 10 vkSj 30 Vu çfr gSDVj ds chp >wyrh jgrh gSA iwohZ vizQhdk

esa ;g 12 vkSj 25 Vu ds chp gksrh gSA danksa dks dkiQh le; rd tehu ds uhps gh NksM+ ldrs gSaA

tc t:jh gks] [kksnks] Hkwuks ;k mckyks vksj [kk yksA

iihrk dqy (dSfjdslh)

vejhdh egk}hi ds ewy fuoklh iihrk oa'k (dsfjdk thul) ds ikS/s cgqr NksVs vkSj de

le; rd thfor jgus okys gSaA vf/drj çtkfr;ka [kkus ;ksX; iQy iSnk djrh gSaA buesa lcls

egRoiw.kZ gS iihrk (dsfjdk iik;k) ftls gtkjksa lky igys eSfDldks ds vkfnokfl;ksa us taxy ls

mBkdj mldh o`{k[ksrh 'kq: dhA os bls ikW&ikW dgrs FksA blds cM+s iQy dk otu lkr fdyksxzke ls

vf/d gks ldrk gS vkSj çfr gSDVj mit 100 Vu ls vf/d gks ldrh gSA bl ds iQy dk iks"kd

eku vkSj çksVhu va'k vkyw ls vk/k gSA ysfdu ;g vusd xq.kksa ls Hkjiwj gksus ds dkj.k mnj&fodkjksa

dh nok cukus rFkk vU; dkeksa esa vusd rjg ls bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA dPps iihrs esa phjk yxkdj

bldk nw/&&iisu bdV~Bk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj nokb;ka cukus esa mi;ksxh gSA Hkkjr esa rFkk fo'o ds

vusd Hkkxksa esa iihrk dh vusd mUur fdLesa fudkyh xbZ gSaA

ckal midqy (cSEcwlh)

ckalksa dh yxHkx 1000 çtkfr;ka ?kklksa ds ckal midqy esa 'kkfey gSa vkSj ;s fo'o ds lcls

mi;ksxh ikS/s ekus tkrs gSaA ckal okLro esa isM+ ugha gSa] cfYd fo'kkydk; ?kkl gSa vkSj vkdkj&çdkj esa

isM+ksa dh rjg yacs rxM+s gks tkrs gSaA ckal dqy dk jktk gS fo'kky ckal (MSMªksdSysel tkbxsafV;l)A

;g 40 ehVj yack gks tkrk gS vkSj bldk O;kl 30 lsaVhehVj rd gksrk gSA

288

ckalksa dks vDlj xjhc vkneh dh bekjrh ydM+h dgk tkrk gSA D;ksafd ckal cM+h etcwr]

lLrh] gYdh vkSj fVdkÅ fuekZ.k lkexzh dk dke djrs gSaA ckal ds rus dh fMtkbu ,slh gksrh gS fd

dgha&dgha ;g LVhy ls Hkh etcwr lkfcr gksrh gSA rus [kks[kys gksrs gSa vkSj muesa iksfj;ka cuh gksrh gSa

tks chp&chp esa can gksrh gSaA bl cukoV ls mudh etcwrh c<+ tkrh gSA rus ds vanj ds vLrj esa

ltho Ård ds vla[; LrEHk gksrs gSa tks fNrjs jgrs gSaA bl dkj.k lkekU; ydM+h dh rqyuk esa ckal

csgn etcwr gks tkrk g]S D;ksafd bu isM+ksa esa Nky ds uhps ltho Ård dh ,d NksVh&lh ijr Hkh

gksrh gSA

ckal ds cus f'kYi dk ,d egku vk'p;Z phu esa flpqvku esa feu unh dk iqy ekuk tkrk gS

tks fd iwjk dk iwjk ckalksa ls cuk gSA 1000 o"kksZa ls T;knk iqjkuk ;g iqy ckalksa ds 20&20 lasVhehVj

eksVs yB~Bksa ij fVdk gSA

fiNys fnuksa ,d ubZ çdkj dh fuekZ.k&lkexzh dks ysdj oSKkfud {ks=k esa cM+s&cM+s nkos fd,

x, FksA bls ^dEiksftV* ;k nks çkoLFkk okyh lkexzh crk;k x;kA oSKkfudksa us irk yxk;k fd ,;jksLisl

m|ksx ds fy, rFkk vU; vusd dk;ksZa ds fy, cgqr etcwr lkexzh cukbZ tk ldrh gS] ftles ekuo

fufeZr lkexzh vkSj çkd`frd js'kksa dks lekarj caMyksa esa O;ofLFkr fd;k tk,A bl [kkst dks bathfu;j

yksx fuekZ.k&foKku esa ubZ etcwr lkexzh ds {ks=k dh Økafr crk jgs gSaA ysfdu vly esa os ckal dh

etcwrh dh udy gh dj jgs gSaA

ckal rks çd`fr dh cukbZ dEiksftV lkexzh gSA blfy, tc bldks mi;qDr ubZ lkexzh ds lkFk

tksM+k tk,xk rks ;g ,slk ^Mcy dEiksftV* cuk Mkysxk tks egkcyh gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ^lqij ykbV*

Hkh gksxkA vejhdh oSKkfudksa us rks ;gka rd lq>ko fn;k gS fd ckal dks jkWdsV vkSj varfj{k;ku cukus

esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk,A vkSj ;g dksbZ etkd ugha gSA vc ls 2400 lky igys Hkkjrh;ksa us fldanj

dh iQkSt ij tks nqfu;k ds igys ^jkdsV* NksM+s Fks] os ckalksa ls gh cuk, x, FksA

289

bu fnukas Hkkjrh; oSKkfud ckal dh vuwBh oukoV dk rjg&rjg ls u, bLrseky djus dh

rjdhcsa [kkstus esa yxs gSaA mUgksaus dadjhV esa ls bLikr dh NM+sa vkSj LVhy cksYV dh txg ckal dk

c[kwch bLrseky fd;k gS vksj ioupfDd;ksa ds ia[ks vkSj ukoksa ds ukSry ckalksa ls cuk Mkys gSaA gks

ldrk gS fd Hkfo"; dh dkjksa vkSj vU; okguksa esa Hkh LVhy dh txg ckal dk gh bLrseky gksus yxsA

bl rjg lM+dksa ij ,slh dkjsa nkSM+us yxsaxh tks cgqr gydh gksaxha vkSj blds fy, muds isanksa dh

etcwrh ?kVkuh ugha iM+sxhA bruh gydh dkjksa esa rsy ;k xSlkssyhu dh [kir vkt dh dkjksa dh rqyuk

esa csgn de gks tk,xhA fiQj LVhy cukus esa Hkh foiqy ÅtkZ [kpZ gksrh gS vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM

dh fo'kky ek=kk,a mRlftZr dh tkrh gSaA ckal rks feV~Vh esa ls mxrk gS] bls fdlh LVhy iQSDVjh esa

cukus dh t:jr ugha iM+rhA bl rjg LVhy dh txg ckal dk bLrseky xzhugkml çHkko ds dkj.k

vkus okyh foink dks jksdus ds ç;klksa esa cM+k egRoiw.kZ ;ksx ns ldsxkA

ckal dh ,d vkSj ykHkçn [kwch&gS bldk rsth ls c<+ukA nqfu;k ds lcls rsth ls c<+us okys

ikS/s dk fjdkMZ ckal dh gh ,d çtkfr fiQYyhLVSdl cSEcwlksbMht us cuk;k gqvk gSA ;g ckal 24 ?kaVs

esa yxHkx ,d ehVj 20 lasVhehVj rd c<+ tkrk gSA ysfdu o`f¼ dh ;g xfr dqN le; rd gh cuh

jgrh gS blfy, dqN yacs le; ckn c<+okj dh jÝrkj esa ckal leqæh 'kSrky ^tk;.V dsYi* ls ekr

[kk tkrs gSa] tks leqæksa esa lcls rsth ls c<+us okyh ouLifr gSA fiQj Hkh cM+s&cM+s ckalksa dh iQly

rhu ;k pkj lkyksa esa gh rS;kj gks tkrh gSA bl rjg ,d gSDVj esa gh cM+h ek=kk esa bekjrh ydM+h

iSnk dh tk ldrh gSA ckal dh vusd çtkfr;ka [kkus ;ksX; dksey Vgfu;ka Hkh iSnk djrh gSaA

ckalksa dh lcls cM+h fofp=krk gS mu ij iQwy vkukA vusd çtkfr;ksa ij rks 'kk;n gh dHkh

iQwy vkrs gksa vkSj vusd çtkfr;ka 30] 60 ;k 120 lkyksa esa cl ,d ckj iQwy nsrh gSaA ysfdu tc

fdlh çtkfr esa iQwy vkus dk le; vkrk gS rks os nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh] vyx&vyx egk}hiksa esa mx

290

jgh gSa] mu lHkh ckalksa esa ,d lkFk iQwy fudyrs gSa ! ckal dh ;g tho&?kM+h çd`fr dk vn~Hkqr

vk'p;Z gSA

csy dqy (:Vslh)

nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa csy (bZxy ekesZyksl) dk cM+k lkaLd`frd egRo gSA vPNh ns[kHkky esa iyk

,d ifjiDo isM+ o"kZ Hkj esa 300 ls 500 rd iQy iSnk dj nsrk gSA csy dk iQy yack] xksy vkSj

iks"kd gksrk gSA blds vusd mi;ksx gSaA iQy dk fNydk cM+k l[r vkSj daVhyk gksrk gSA csy&iQy

dk xwnk 'kcZr ;k flji cukus ds dke vkrk gSA ;g vfrlkj (fMls.Vªh) ds mipkj esa dke vkrk gS

vkSj pwus ds lkFk feykdj lhesaV&lk cu tkrk gS vkSj ped ykus ds fy, isaV esa feyk;k tkrk gSA

csy ds isM+ dh ydM+h edku] cSyxkM+h vkSj vkStkjksa ds gRFks cukus esa dke vkrh gSA dPpk

xwnk ,d ihyk jatd (MkbZ) cukus ds dke vkrk gS] tks dSfydks NikbZ esa bLrseky dh tkrh gSA

ifÙk;ksa dh iqfYVl cukdj vkbZ gqbZ vka[kksa ij j[kh tkrh gS vkSj tM+ksa dk dk<+k cq[kkj esa fiyk;k tkrk

gSA ,d gSDVj esa 100 ls 150 csy dh o`{k[ksrh dh tk ldrh gSA fglkj ds d`f"k fo'ofo|ky; us

csy dh lq/jh çtkfr;ka fodflr dh gSa tks NksVh mez esa gh cM+s&cM+s iQy nsus yxrh gSaA bZxy

(Aegle) rhu gsLijhM cfguksa esa ls ,d dk uke gS] ftlus ,d vtngs (MªSxu) dh enn ls nsoh gsjk

ds lqugjs lscksa dh j{kk dh FkhA ^ekesZyksl* 'kCn iqrZxkyh Hkk"kk ds ^ekesZykslMs* (marmelosde) ls

cuk gSA laLd`r esa bls ^JhiQy* dgk tkrk gS ;kuh ifo=k iQyA laLd`r esa gh bldk ,d vkSj uke

gS ^fcYo*] ftlls fcxM+dj fganh esa ^cksy* gks x;kA

csy dks f'koth dh iwtk ds fy, ifo=k ekuk tkrk gSA bldh ifÙk;ka ;kuh csyi=k f'kojkf=k dh

iwtk esa f'kofyax ij vo'; p<+kbZ tkrh gSaA f'ko dk ,d uke gS ^fcYon.Mh* vFkkZr~ ftlds ikl csy

ds isM+ dh ydM+h ls cuh ykBh gksA f'ko eafnjksa ds fudV çk;% csy ds o`{k mxk, tkrs gSaA

291

n'kgjs ds lkrosa fnu egkiwtk dh jkf=k esa jktiwr jktk csy ds o`{k dks fuea=k.k nsus tkrs FksA

;g n'kgjk ds mRlo dh lcls ifo=k fØ;k ekuh tkrh FkhA isM+ ds rktk iQy rksM+dj mldks

egk'kfDr pkeq.Mk ds njckj esa p<+k;k tkrk Fkk] rkfd og lcdh j{kk djsA

caxky esa nsoh nqxkZ dks nqxkZ iwtk dh jkf=k esa uhan ls txkus ds fy, csy ds o`{k dh Vguh ls

Li'kZ fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy, csy dk o`{k ,slk pquk tkrk gS] tks mÙkj&iwohZ fn'kk esa mx jgk gksA

nsoh nqxkZ dks txkdj bl o`{k esa viuk vklu xzg.k djus dh çkFkZuk dh tkrh gSA

fcgkj dh dgkorksa esa dqN csy ds o`{k ls tqM+h gSaA ,d gS & ^fiQj eqaMyks csy ry* ftldk

eryc gS fd ^xatk fiQj ls csy ds rys ugha vk,xkA* dgk tkrk gS fd csy dk iQy xatksa ds flj

dh vksj vkd`"V gksrk gS vkSj ekSdk feysxk rks muds flj ij t:j fxjsxkA vaxzsth esa dgkor dk

vuqokn gksxk fd ^,d ckj dk dkVk] nks ckj 'kjek,A*

,d dgkor esa mnklhurk dk Hkko bl rjg n'kkZ;k x;k gS] ^^csy ikdy] dok dk cki yk

dk**A ;kuh vxj csy id x;k gS rks dkSos dks blls D;k erycA D;ksafd dkSos dh pksap csyiQy ds

dM+s [kksy dks ugha rksM+ ldrh] tcfd ckdh lHkh ids iQy esa mldh pksap Nsn dj ldrh gSA

;g Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd vxj csy dk vkSj csj dk o`{k lkFk&lkFk mxs gksa rks ml txg

tehu ds uhps t:j ikuh gksxkA rkaf=kd yksdxkFkk esa dgk tkrk gS fd ,d ckj y{eh th xk; dk

os'k /kj.k dj i`Foh ij vorfjr gqbZaA bl ifo=k xk; ds xkscj esa ls csy dk o`{k vadqfjr gqvkA

Hkqous'ojh ra=k esa y{eh th ds fupys cka, gkFk esa csy dk iQy fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;g bl ckr dk

çrhd gS fd os HkDrksa ds lqdeksZa ds fy, iQy çnku djus okyh gSaA

dksbZ 'kqHk dk;Z djus ls igys dqN yksx csy ds o`{k dh çnf{k.kk djrs gSaA D;ksafd ;g ekuk

tkrk gS fd ;g o`{k u, dke&dkt esa 'kqHk ykHk dk oj nsrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd fonsgksa ds jktk

292

oklheku us tc fr#fonkge#nqj ds eafnj esa csyo`{k dh iwtk dh rks mUgsa mudk [kks;k gqvk jkT;

okil fey x;kA

f'kdkjh dh iwtk

dFkklfjRlkxj ls% okjk.klh esa ,d cgsfy;k jgrk FkkA og iwtk&çkFkZuk esa fo'okl ugha djrk FkkA

og eafnj Hkh ugha tkrk Fkk vkSj bZ'oj dks çlUu djus ds fdlh Hkh fof/&fo/ku esa fgLlk ugha ysrk

FkkA

,d fnu ,d fgj.k dks ekjus ds fy, mldk ihNk djrs&djrs og ?kus taxy esa nwj rd

fudy x;k] ysfdu fgj.k mlds gkFk ugha vk;kA tc og Fkd dj pwj gks x;k rks mlus fgj.k dk

ihNk djuk NksM+ fn;kA rc rd jkr gks xbZ FkhA og bruk Fkd x;k Fkk fd vc okil ?kj ykSVus dh

Hkh fgEer ugha FkhA og csy ds ,d isM+ ij p<+ x;k vkSj ogka jkr Hkj foJke djus ds fy, ifÙk;ka

rksM&rksM+ dj ikyuk&lk cukus yxkA

isM+ ds uhps f'koth dk ,d NksVk&lk eafnj cuk FkkA f'kdkjh us tks csyi=k rksM+s muesa ls dqN

uhps f'kofyax ij Hkh tk fxjsA D;ksafd og ilhus&ilhus gks jgk Fkk] blfy, ilhus dh dqN cwansa Hkh

f'kofyax ij tk p<+haA lqcg ls fgj.k dk ihNk djrs&djrs mls bruk le; Hkh ugha feyk fd dqN

[kk&ih ysrkA lks] ml fnu mldk miokl Hkh gks x;kA og iQkYxqu (eè;&iQjojh ls eè; ekpZ) ds

d`".ki{k dh prqnZ'kh Fkh vkSj mlh fnu f'kojkf=k dh iwtk gksrh gSA

ml fnu ml cgsfy, us vutkus esa f'ko th dh iwtk iwjs fof/&fo/ku ds lkFk lEiUu dj

yhA csyi=k Hkh p<+ x, vkSj ilhus dh cwanksa ds :i esa ty Hkh p<+ x;kA f'koth ml ij çlUu gks

x, vkSj tc mldh e`R;q gqbZ rks og bZ'oj esa vfo'oklh gksus ds ckotwn lh/s LoxZ esa x;kA

293

czkã.k xjhc D;ksa\

csy o`{k esa /u&lEink dh nsoh y{eh dk fuokl ekuk tkrk gS tks fd Hkxoku fo".kq dh

v/kZafxuh Hkh gSaA blhfy, y{eh th dk ,d uke fcYo if=kdk gS] vFkkZr~ tks csyi=kksa esa jgrh gksA

y{eh th bl /jrh ds ftl çk.kh ij çlUu gksrh gSa mlds ?kj esa tkrh gSa vkSj mls

/u&nkSyr nsdj [kq'kgky cuk nsrh gSaA ysfdu ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd y{eh th czkã.kksa ds ?kj esa ços'k

ugha djrhaA

,d fnu viuh lg/feZ.kh y{eh th ls vkf[kjdkj fo".kq Hkxoku us iwN gh fy;k fd os

czkã.kksa ds ?kj D;ksa ugha tkrhaA ^ns[kks czkã.k eafnjksa esa iqtkjh gksrs gSaA os ifo=k gksrs gSa vkSj ge lHkh

nsoh&nsorkvksa dh iwtk djrs&djkrs jgrs gSaA rks fiQj rqe mUgsa /u /kU; ds lkSHkkX; ls oafpr D;ksa

j[krh gksA*

y{eh th us dqN fp<+rs gq, mÙkj fn;k] ^vjs czkã.k rks esjs çkd`frd 'k=kq gSaA eSa buds dkj.k

vius vkokl esa pSu ls Hkh ugha jg ldrhA os vk, fnu csy i=k rksM+rs jgrs gSa vkSj 'kadj th ij

p<+krs jgrs gSA bl rjg csy dh ifÙk;ksa esa esjk vkokl VwVrk jgrk gSA tks esjk ?kj mtkM+s] muds ?kj esa

Hkyk D;ksa tkÅa \**

fo".kq Hkxoku us ;g lquk rks fu#Ùkj gks x,A

vukj dqy (iwuhdslh)

bl dqy dk lcls yksdfç; o`{k fu'p; gh vukj (iwfudk xzsusVe) gSA vukj ds isM+ yo.kh;rk

vkSj [kkjkiu lg ysrs gSaA blfy, budh flapkbZ [kkjs ikuh ls Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA mFkyh feV~Vh esa

Hkh ;g viuh tM+sa tek ysrs gSaA vukj Hkkjh lw[kk Hkh lg ysrk gSA vukj dk iQy 'kdZjkcgqy gksrk gS

294

vkSj mldk O;kl ikap ls 12 lsaVhehVj rd gks ldrk gSA bldh o`{k[ksrh ls çfr o"kZ çfr gSDVj

50]000 rd iQy iSnk fd, tk ldrs gSaA

fIyuh us vukj dks ^dkFksZt dk lsc* dgk FkkA bls ^esye iwuhde* Hkh dgk x;kA ;kuh nkuksa

okyk lsc & D;ksafd mlds vanj nkus tSls cht gksrs gSaA iksexzsusV 'kCn izQsap Hkk"kk ds ^ikse xkusZr* ls

cuk gS] ;kuh ^cht okyk lscA*

laLd`r dh ,d yksdksfDr gS] ^nkfM+ek eaf.k na'k* ;kuh vukj ds o`{k dks pckukA bldk vFkZ

;g gqvk fd dksbZ dfBu vkSj vokaNuh; dk;Z djukA

vukj çtuu'khyrk vkSj le`f¼ dk çrhd gSA eafnjksa ds LFkkiR; esa vukj dh vkd`fr;ka

mRdh.kZ dh xbZ gSaA gtjr eqgEen us vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks lykg nh Fkh fd os ?k`.kk dks nwj Hkxkus ds

fy, vukj dk lsou djsaA

ikjlh yksx vukj dh Vgfu;ksa ls ifo=k >kMw cukrs FksA tc dksbZ ikjlh ckyd ifo/ /kxk

igurk gS rks mlds Åij vukj ds ifo=k nkus fc[ksjs tkrs gSa rkfd ml ij nq"VkRekvksa dh utj u yxs

vkSj os nwj Hkkx tk,aA e`r O;fDr ds eqag eas vukj dk jl Vidk;k tkrk gSA

vukj dk ikS/k NksVh] xksy] >kM+h ds :i esa mxrk gSA bldh dM+h iryh vkSj daVhyh Vgfu;ka

gksrh gSaA bldk ruk lh/k yky&cknkeh jax dk gksrk gS] tks ckn esa Hkwjk gks tkrk gSA bl o`{k dh

lnkcgkj vkSj i.kZikrh nksuksa rjg dh fdLesa gksrh gSA i.kZikrh o`{k ir>j ds fnuksa esa viuh ifÙk;ka fxjk

nsrs gSaA

ifÙk;ka >qaMksa esa yxrh gSaA os NksVh] ladjh] Hkkysuqek] pedhyh vkSj pefM+;k gksrh gSaA budk jax

ckn esa mez idus ij xgjk gjk gks tkrk gSA dqN&dqN flanwjh&ls ukjaxh jax ds pkSM+s iQwy cgqr laqnj

yxrs gSaA mudh ia[kqfj;ka eqM+h gqbZ&lh vkSj va[kqjh (calyx) yky xwnsnkj gksrh gSA og iQy ds Åij

Hkh yxk jgrk gSA iQwy Vgfu;ksa ds fljs ij mxrs gSaA iQy yky jax dk ljl iQy (cSjh) gksrk gSA

295

bldk fNydk l[r vkSj eksVk gksrk gSA blds vanj cM+s djhus ls <sj lkjs cht Hkjs jgrs gSaA muds

pkjksa vksj jlhyk xwnk gksrk gSA cgqr idus ij iQy isM+ ij yxs&yxs gh iQV tkrk gSA rc dgrs gSa fd

vukj gal jgk gSA vanj ds cht nkarksa tSls gh yxrs gSaA

chtksa dks xwnk lfgr [kk;k tkrk gSA chtksa dks lq[kkdj vukjnkuk Hkh cukrs gSaA ;g elkys ds

rkSj ij vkSj pVuh cukus esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA vukj ds isM+ ds gj fgLls esa vkS"k/h; xq.k gksrs

gSaA blds nkuksa dk jl ikSf"Vd gksrk gSA fganh esa dgkor gS fd ^,d vukj vkSj lkS chekj*A rc vukj

de gksrs gksaxsA vc rks egkjk"Vª ds egkRek iQqys d`f"k fo|kihB dh ^x.ks'k* fdLe us Hkkjr esa vukj

ds mRiknu esa Økafr yk nh gSA vkSj Hkh vusd mUur fdLesa fudkyh xbZ gSaA vukj dk cksrycan jl Hkh

cuk;k x;k gSA

jktk vkSj ekyh

xfeZ;ksa ds fnu FksA ml fnu cM+h xehZ Fkh vkSj jktk vius jkT; ds nkSjs ij dkiQh nwj fudy

x,A ogka ,d ckx FkkA jktk dks cM+h I;kl yxh FkhA os ckx esa x, vkSj ?kksM+s ls mrjdj ikuh

ryk'kus yxsA jktk us ns[kk fd ogka ,d ekyh vukj ds isM+ksa dh ns[kHkky dj jgk FkkA gj isM+ vukjksa

ls ynk FkkA

^D;k eSa vukj dk jl ih ldrk gwaA* jktk us iwNkA

ekyh us ,d idk vukj fudkyk vkSj mls ogha dksus esa cuh viuh >ksaiM+h esa ys x;kA FkksM+h

gh nsj esa ogka ls ,d lqanj dU;k fudyh vkSj jktk ds fy, vukj dk rktk ehBk jl fxykl esa Hkj

ykbZA jktk mls ns[kdj Bxk jg x;kA mlus cM+s Lokn ls vukj dk lkjk jl ih fy;kA tc I;kl cq>

xbZ rks mlus ns[kk fd ckx esa gj rjiQ iQyksa ls yns vukj ds isM+ [kM+s FksA

^bu iQyksa dks cspdj rqe fdruh dekbZ dj ysrs gks \* jktk us ekyh ls iwNkA

ekyh vpdpkdj crk;k] ^;gh dksbZ 300 nhukjA*

296

^vkSj rqe jktk ds iVokjh dks yxku fdruk nsrs gks \* jktk us FkksM+k Vs<+k loky fd;kA

^jktk vukt dh iQly dk cl ,d cVk nl fgLlk ysrs gSa]* ekyh us cM+s Hkksysiu ls crk;kA

jktk us eu gh eu lkspk fd jkT; esa brus vPNs&vPNs cxhps gSa rks D;ksa u vc ckxokuksa ls

Hkh yxku olwyk tk,A

viuh ;kstuk ij exu gksrk gqvk jktk okil jktegy ykSVus ds fy, eqM+kA ysfdu ogka ls

pyus ds fy, ?kksM+s ij cSBus ls igys ,d fxykl vukj dk jl vkSj ekaxkA

gkykafd cw<+s ekyh us jktk dks igpku fy;k Fkk] ysfdu mlus tkfgj ugha fd;kA ekyh us ns[kk

fd jktk iwjs cxhps esa iQyksa ls yns vukj ds isM+ksa dks cM+h ykyph fuxkgksa ls ns[k jgk FkkA og le>

x;k fd jktk ds eu esa D;k ?kqeM+ jgk gSA ekyh vkSj mldh csVh okil >ksaiM+h esa xbZa vkSj csVh

vukj dk jl fudky dj ,d fxykl esa ys vkbZA ysfdu bl ckj fxykl esa jl dh dqN gh cwansa FkhaA

jktk us ns[kk rks mls le> esa ugha vk;k fd ;s D;k gqvkA

^blesa jl dgka gSa]* jktk FkksM+k ukjkt gksdj cksykA

^jktu~* yM+dh cksyh]* vkius tc igyh ckj vukj dk jl ekaxk Fkk rks ,d gh vukj ds jl

ls fxykl Hkj x;kA bl ckj eSaus ikap vukjksa ds nkus fupksM+ fn,] exj cl dqN cwan jl gh fudykA**

vc jktk ekyh dh vksj eqM+k vkSj mlls iwNk fd ;g lc D;k gSA

^D;k rqe le>k ldrs gks fd nwljh ckj esa jl bruk de dSls gks x;k\* jktk us MiV dj

iwNkA

^jktu~] ;g rks cM+h lh/h&lh ckr gSA tc vki bl ckx esa ?kqls Fks rks cxhps dh 'kksHkk

ns[kdj cM+s [kq'k FksA vki dk fny ml le; cgqr cM+k FkkA vkius lkspk Fkk fd iwjs jkT; esa ,sls gh

cxhps gksa] rks fdruk vPNk gksxkA isM+ Hkh lc le>rs gSaA lks vkids ln~fopkjksa ls çlUu gksdj vukj

ds isM+ us cM+s vkSj jlhys iQy fn, vkSj mUgha esa ls ,d dk jl esjh csVh us fudkyk rks fxykl

297

yckyc Hkj x;kA tc vkius nqckjk jl ekaxk rc rd vkids fopkj cny x, FksA vkius cxhpksa ls

yxku olwyus dh lksphA cl] isM+ksa dks cqjk yxk vkSj muds iQyksa dk jl lw[k x;kA**

jktk dks vius ykyp ij cM+h 'keZ vkbZA mldk flj yTtk ls >qd x;kA mlus iQkSju iQSlyk

fd;k fd ckxokuksa ls dksbZ yxku ugha ysxkA ekyh us Hkh ns[kk fd jktk fiQj ls igys tSlk n;koku gks

x;k gSA

bl ckj fiQj jktk us vukj dk jl ekaxkA ekyh dh yM+dh tc jl ysdj vkbZ rks yky ehBs

jl ls fxykl yckyc Hkjk FkkA jktk us [kwc Nd dj vukj dk jl fi;kA mlus ekyh vkSj mldh

csVh dks /U;okn fn;k vkSj jktegy dh vksj py iM+kA

298

ge isM+ gSa gedks er dkVks Mk0 jes'knÙk 'kekZ

ge isM+ gSa] gedks er dkVks

Nk;k ys yks] iQy ys yks AA

ftruk xgjk eu ekuo dk]

mruh xgjh tM+s gekjhA

'kk[kk vkSj ç'kk[kkvksa esa]

dfo gS ekSu çd`fr dh U;kjhA

dkVksxs rks yksx dgsaxs]

vius iSj dqYgkM+h ekjhA

ftl ij cSBs mls dkVrs]

mu Nfy;ksa dk Ny ys yksAA 1 AA

Mkyh&Mkyh gS gfj;kyh]

iÙks&iÙks cgrh çhrA

gkjs&Fksds cVksgh vkrs]

iaNh xkrs fdrus xhrA

jkst 'kke dks lqcg ds fcNqM+s]

feyrs tkus fdrus ehrA

ean&ean cgrh c;kj yks]

çse gekjk fueZy ys yksAA 2 AA

gels ysrk cnys vius]

ikih ekSle fdu tueksa dsA

geus vius Åij >sys]

okj vkaf/;ksa ds vksyksa dsA

Hkjs tsB dh tyu vkx&lh]

vkSj HkHkdrh yw ds >ksadsA

nq[k dksbZ Hkh rksM+ u ik;s]

gels lkgl] lEcy ys yksAA 3 AA

ge Hkh ekuks uhydaB gksa]

bruk tgj fi;k gS geusA

çk.kok;q esa cnyk gS fo"k]

dsoy ve`r fn;k gS geusAA

ikuh jksdk tVk&twV esa]

o?kk dqN iki fd;k gS geusA

tVk&twV er Nhuks gels]

tequk yks] xaxk ty ys yksAA 4 AA

taxy] [ksr] ckx] iQqyokjh]

catj ysrs Nhu rqEgkjsA

gksrs ge u f[kldrh gksrh]

iSjksa rys tehu rqEgkjsA

ck<+ cgk ys tkrh lius]

rsjg mlds] rhu rqEgkjsAA

gesa gekjk taxy ns nks]

pkan] flrkjs&eaxy ys yksAA 5 AA

299

iz'kfLr d:¡ isM+ksa dh oSjeqRrq] rfey dfo

ekuo dh rhl vk;q rd

gksrh gS o`f)

fij fodkl gksrk vo#)

ij] ns[ksa isM+ dks &

/kkjk'kkgh gksus rd

QYkRkk&QwYkRkk] IkUkIkrk jgrk gS

dye yxk nsa vxj feêh esa

Vguh Hkh tM+ idM+ ysrh gS

fdUrq D;k vadqj&dksaiy fudy vkrs gSa

ekuo dk gkFk dkVdj yxkus ij\

D;k dHkh dk;k mx vk,xh\

isM+ B¡wB gksdj Hkh mxsxk fQj ls

ij euq"; ds x,

'okl ;k ds'k

ykSVrs gSa dHkh\

vkb, isM+ ds ikl

gj isM+ gksrk gS

cksf/ko`{kA

300

isM+] /kjrh] lyhc vkSj ge

jkds'k HkÍ

eq>s ;kn gS

tc eSaus dgk Fkk

igkM+ ij isM+ dV jgs gkasxs] ek¡A

rqeus dgk Fkk

isM+ ugha dVrs

dVrh gSa /kjrh]

isM+ cPps gSa

vkSj /kjrh & vEekA

dVrk gqvk isM+

u jksrk gS] u fonzksg djrk gSA

exj og pqipki ejrk Hkh ughaA

dVk gqvk isM+

curk gS lyhc]

vkSj curk gS &

esjs bZlk dh

ekSr dk lccA

isM+ cPps

/kjrh] vEek

lyhc] bZlk

vkSj ge\!!

301

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JACOBSON, J.L. (1990): Holding Back the Sea, in: The State of the World, 1990,

The Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC

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Social Forestry in India, The Indian Forester, Vol 112 (12), December 1986

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Future of Food Production in Developing Countries, Reprinted from Impact of

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