OIW-EX Series of Oil in Water Analyzers - Advanced Sensors · 2.1 - Identifying an OIW EX Series...

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OIW-EX Series of

Oil in Water Analyzers

Microscopy Handbook

Document code: OIW-HBO-0009 Version: EX-009

20 September 2017



Document History

Change No. Version No. Description Month & Year Released

0 0 Draft document Jan 2010

1 Release after review Sep 2010

2 Release after review May 2012

3 Release after review June 2012

4 Release after review Sept 2012

5 Released after review January 2013

6 Updated after adding Homogenisation

Imaging July 2013

7 Microscopy Release 5 First Version Jan 2013

CO 0228 8 Update of screen shots -removal of apply combined object detection -

version 5.2.12.51 release Nov 2016

CO 0228 9 Added section for new microscopy

alarms June 2017



TABLE OF CONTENTS

OIW-EX SERIES OF ............................................................................................................................................. 1

OIL IN WATER ANALYZERS ........................................................................................................................... 1

MICROSCOPY HANDBOOK ............................................................................................................................. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 3

SECTION 1 - OIW-EX SERIES - MICROSCOPY HANDBOOK ........................................................................ 5

1.1 - Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Modes of Operation ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

SECTION 2 – MICROSCOPY OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................10

2.1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 10

2.1 - Identifying an OIW EX Series Unit with Microscopy Functionality ................................................................................ 11

2.2 - Taking Images for Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 - Imaging Phase in the Measurement Cycle for the EX100M & EX1000M ..................................................................... 13 2.2.2- Imaging Phase in the Measurement Cycle for EX400M ................................................................................................ 14

SECTION 3 - SOFTWARE PANEL DESCRIPTIONS .......................................................................................15

3.1 - Difference between EX400M, EX100M and EX1000M .................................................................................................. 15

3.2 – Switching Between Panels ........................................................................................................................................... 16

3.3 – Colour Coding .............................................................................................................................................................. 17

3.4 – Quick View Panel ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1 – Turbidity Measurement ............................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4.2 – Turbidity Indicative Measurement .............................................................................................................................. 20 3.4.3 – Turbidity Attenuation Unit (AU) Measurement ........................................................................................................... 20



3.5 - Size Distribution Panel ................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.5.1-Size Distribution Panel Display Options ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.5.1.1- Left and Right Chart Options ...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.5.1.2 – Plot Type ................................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.5.1.3- Time Period Display Options ...................................................................................................................................... 24

3.6 – The Trending Panel ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.6.1 - Trending Panel Display Options .................................................................................................................................... 26 3.6.2 - Trending Panel Quick Menu ......................................................................................................................................... 27

3.7 – The Image Panel .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.7.1 Image Panel Open Images .............................................................................................................................................. 29 3.7.2 Image Panel Display Options .......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.7.2.1 - Zooming Options ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.7.2.2 – Viewing Options ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 3.7.2.3 – View Type ................................................................................................................................................................. 31

3.8 – Large Image Panel ....................................................................................................................................................... 32

3.9 – Main Top Display Panel ............................................................................................................................................... 33

SECTION 4 - MICROSCOPY CONFIGURATION .............................................................................................34

4.1 – Microscopy Configuration Options .............................................................................................................................. 35

4.2 – Imaging Configuration ................................................................................................................................................. 36

4.3 - Settings ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37 4.3.1 – Shape Factor ................................................................................................................................................................ 38 4.3.2 – Sharpness Factor.......................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.3.3 – Gas Factor .................................................................................................................................................................... 39 4.3.4 – Shape Factor Weights .................................................................................................................................................. 40 4.3.5 – Auto Adjust Shape Factor towards the Fluorescence Value ........................................................................................ 41

4.4 – Calibration ................................................................................................................................................................... 42 4.4.1 – Uniform Calibration ..................................................................................................................................................... 43 4.4.2 – Pixel Calibration Factor ................................................................................................................................................ 43 4.4.3 – Display Raw Image Values ........................................................................................................................................... 43 4.4.4 – Image Calibration ......................................................................................................................................................... 44

4.5 - Object Size ................................................................................................................................................................... 44

4.6 – Alarm Levels ................................................................................................................................................................ 46

4.7 – Density and mg/L ........................................................................................................................................................ 47

4.8 – Advanced .................................................................................................................................................................... 48 4.8.1- Stuck Object Removal .................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.8.2 – Aggressive Size Averaging ............................................................................................................................................ 49 4.8.3 – Flow Valve Control during Static Imaging .................................................................................................................... 49 4.8.4 – Auto Contrast Every 50 Images ................................................................................................................................... 50 4.8.5 – Auto Exposure Every 50 Images .................................................................................................................................. 50



4.8.6 – Image Processing Mode ............................................................................................................................................... 50 4.8.7 – Clean Every nth Image ................................................................................................................................................. 50

4.9 – Homogenisation Imaging ............................................................................................................................................. 51

4.10 – Imaging Test Control ................................................................................................................................................. 52

SECTION 5 – MICROSCOPY MEASUREMENT ALARMS .............................................................................53

SECTION 6 – DATA FILES ..................................................................................................................................62

6.1 – Location....................................................................................................................................................................... 62

6.2 - Data Structure .............................................................................................................................................................. 63

6.3 – File Structure ............................................................................................................................................................... 65

6.4 – File Backup / Removal ................................................................................................................................................. 66

7.1 – Measurements ............................................................................................................................................................ 67 7.1.1 Shape .............................................................................................................................................................................. 67 7.1.2 Size .................................................................................................................................................................................. 71 7.1.3 -Concentration ................................................................................................................................................................ 77

7.2 – Configuration Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 78

8 – APPENDIX........................................................................................................................................................80

8.1 - OIW-EX Contact Details ................................................................................................................................................ 80

Section 1 - OIW-EX Series - Microscopy Handbook



1.1 - Introduction

The Microscopy Handbook provides information on how to operate an Advanced Sensors Microscopy Analyser

Models EX-100M, EX-400M and EX-1000M. For the EX-100M additional information can be found in User Manual

OIW-HBO-0002 about the operation of the Fluorescence measurement. For the EX-1000M additional information

about the Spectrometer can be found in OIW-HBO-0005.

NOTE: This handbook only covers the operation of the Microscopy. For the basic operation

of Advanced Sensors Ltd OIW-EX-M Series of Oil in Water Analyzer Systems please refer to

OIW-HBO-0002, i.e. the User Handbook.

CAUTION: This manual describes the operation and use of the unit NOT the installation.

Ensure that the unit has been correctly installed in line with the Installation Handbook OIW-

HBO-0001 prior to use.

1.2 Modes of Operation

The OIW-EX Series have been designed with maximum flexibility in mind, enabling them to be configured in a variety of ways to suit different customer requirements.

CAUTION: Should the equipment be used in a manner not specified in this handbook the

sensor may not function correctly and protection provided by the equipment may be

impaired.

CAUTION: No options should be altered without a full understanding of the change being

made.



Handbook Descriptions

This handbook is part of a library of handbooks that cover the full operation of the OIW-EX Series of products. The

table below indicates the handbooks available. Please ensure that you have read all handbooks required for your

job function.

NOTE: Please ensure you have the latest version of these documents. Password protected copies of the

documents together with a table of the latest revisions are available on-line via the following link:

http://www.advancedsensors.co.uk/downloads

then click on Documents on the left hand side of the screen.

The passwords may be obtained directly from Advanced Sensors Ltd.

Code Handbook Description OIW EX Model

OIW-HBO-

10

0-S

10

00-S

10

0-P

10

00-P

0001

Side Stream

Installation

Hardware related details required for the physical

installation of the side stream OIW-EX Series of units. ✓ ✓

0002 User An overview of the operation of the OIW-EX Series of

products and details how to configure the unit. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

0003 Data Logging

Details how to access and examine the data log and

system log files. Includes how to use Advanced

Sensors LogView and SamTrack software tools and

calibration details.

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

0004 Remote Access Details how to access and control the OIW-EX Series

of units remotely. ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

0005 Spectrometer

Details how to operate and configure the spectrometer

and how to access and examine the associated

Spectrometer files. Includes how to use Advanced

Sensors SpAn software.

✓ ✓

0006 Wireless Controller Details the set up and use of the handheld wireless

controller. O O O O

0007 Flush Valve Details the operation of units when a Flush Valve is

fitted. O O

0008 Dual Flow Details the operation of units when used in a Dual

Flow Mode. O O

0009 Microscopy Details the operation of units fitted with the Microscopy

system and how to examine the microscopy files. O O

0010 HART Details the HART commands implemented, for use

with units fitted with a HART modem interface. O O O O

http://www.advancedsensors.co.uk/downloads



0011 In-Line Probe User An overview of the operation of the OIW-EX P Series

of products and details how to configure the unit. ✓ ✓

0012 In-Line Probe

Installation

Hardware related details required for the physical

installation of the in-line probe OIW-EX P Series of

units. ✓ ✓

0013 MiView Details on how to use the client software for

Microscopy Analysers

Key

✓ Required

O Optional Extra

Not applicable



Symbols used in this handbook

The following symbols are used in this document to indicate special information:

Warning : An instruction that draws attention to the risk of injury or death

Caution: An instruction that draws attention to the risk of damage to the product, process or

surroundings.

Note: Clarification of an instruction or additional information.

Information: Further reference for more detailed information or technical details.

NOTE: Although Warning hazards are related to potential personal injury, and Caution

hazards are associated with material damage, it must be understood that operation of

damaged equipment could lead to personal injury or death.

All Warning and Caution hazards must be complied with.



Section 2 – Microscopy Overview

2.1 – Introduction

The microscopy oil in water analysis system incorporates a camera which periodically takes a series of images and

then analyses those images to identify the size distribution of oil, solids and gas content within the produced water.

If the object is seen as round, then it is identified as oil and if the object is seen as irregular in shape then it is

identified as a solid. This is a recognised method of distinguishing oil from solids. Gas is detected as a round object

with a hole at the centre of the object. By counting oil, solids and gas over a series of images, and knowing the total

area of the images taken, an indication of the ppm of the oil, solids and gas can be obtained.

As the images are analysed the data is displayed immediately on the screen and the user can see the images as

they are taken. In addition, the analysis displayed and the images taken are stored within the OIW EX-M unit,

allowing the user to examine the analysis at a later date and if required perform additional analysis on the images.

To aid in the process of performing additional analysis Advanced Sensors provides a microscopy image software

tool called MiView to help with this task. As with all information provided by Advanced Sensors analysers, users are

free to use other software tools to interrogate the data as the information is stored in simple comma separated text

files, and the images can be viewed with standard tools.

The EX100M and EX100M microscopy system also includes the OIW EX100 and EX1000 fluorescence detection

system for primary oil content measurement.



2.1 - Identifying an OIW EX Series Unit with Microscopy Functionality

The microscopy system is distinguished from the standard OIW-EX Series by the letter M at the end of the model

number i.e. OIW EX400M and OIW EX1000M systems. The number after the M indicates the number of produced

water streams that are being monitored.

The OIW EX400M has only microscopy features. The OIW EX100M/1000M has all the features and functionality of

the OIW EX100M/1000M but with the additional features described in this manual.

The OIW-EX Series software can be distinguished from the OIW-EX-M Series by looking at the software header

box which clearly identifies the unit type, see Figure 1.

Figure 1. OIW EX100M and OIW EX400M software

The following sections will detail the operation of the microscopy system – details will also be provided on the file

format should the user wish to analyse the data with alternative tools.



2.2 - Taking Images for Analysis

Similar to the oil detection system whereby the laser must be on to enable measurement, the microscopy system

requires the lighting system to be on to take and analyse images, therefore the analyser will not operate when the

measurement cycle is in the stopped position.

There is a facility to take a single image while the measurement cycle is stopped, but this will not form part of the

daily trending analysis.



2.2.1 - Imaging Phase in the Measurement Cycle for the EX100M & EX1000M

Imaging is done before the homogenisation process with either the valve closed in Static Mode or with the valve

opened in Flow Mode. The differences in these two modes are described in more detail in section 6.2.

Figure 2. OIW-EX100M and 1000M Measurement Cycle

The image processing may continue after the system has moved on to the homogenisation and other phases – the

images and microscopy data will be displayed as soon as the information becomes available.



2.2.2- Imaging Phase in the Measurement Cycle for EX400M

The schedule for the EX400M is cleaning of the optical components using the ultra sonics, followed by the

imaging phase. Cleaning happens with the flow open. Images can be set to be in Flow Mode (that is with

produced water flowing through the system during imaging) or image Static Mode (the valve is closed and the

produced water remains static in the chamber during sampling).



Section 3 - Software Panel Descriptions

3.1 - Difference between EX400M, EX100M and EX1000M

For the EX100M and EX1000M the Fluorescence value for PPM is always given in the top panel as seen in Figure

3 and the PPM Graph. For the EX400M the image PPM is given the in the top panel as seen in Figure 3a and the

PPM graph.

Table 1 shows the various panel options for each type of Microscopy Analyser.

Panels EX100M EX400M EX1000M

Quick View X X X

Distribution X X X

Trending X X X

Image X X X

Large Image X X X

ppm Graph Fluorescence Microscopy Fluorescence

Spec Graph X

Table 1. Panel options for various analysers



3.2 – Switching Between Panels

This will show the initial Quick View Panel, figure 3 (a). From here you can access any of the other panels from the

drop down selection menu box, see figure 3 (a).

To view an additional panel click on the down arrow button shown in figure 3 (a) .

1



(a)

(b)

Figure 3. Switching Panels

3.3 – Colour Coding

All screens follow a colour code convention for displaying the data. Oil droplet data is displayed in blue, solids data

is displayed in red and gas in green. That is, bar charts, graphs and markings on images in blue represent oil

droplets data, bar charts, graphs and markings on images in red represent solids data and bar charts, graphs and

markings on images in green represent gas data.

2



3.4 – Quick View Panel

The Quick View Panel is shown in figure 4 below. The panel displays the turbidity of the water in a simple traffic

light system and important microscopy data in large text for all three object types: oil, solids and gas.

For the EX100M and EX1000M the results are updated after every image run. For the EX400M the results are

updated after every image. The results are given for the average of the either of these times:

1. Last Run

2. Last 10 Minutes

3. Last 20 Minutes

4. Last 30 Minutes

5. Last 1 Hour

The Result Type can be changed between Standard Imaging and Homogenisation Imaging. Changing this will

change the results to display for the option selected. See section 4.1 for more details.

The time in which the data is averaged should be reflective of the flux in process change. That is if the process is

changing slowly then averaging over a longer period would give a more accurate result.

Users can select to view Image PPM, Dv10, Dv50 or Dv90, Dn10, Dn50 or Dn90 via the combo box shown in figure

4(b). For example, changing from Image PPM, figure 4(a), via the combo box, figure 4(b), to Dv50/um displays the

Dv50 results for the last run, figure 4(c).

(a)



(b)

(c)

Figure 4. The Quick View Panel

When homogenisation and flowing image are both enabled, the user can select on the dialog between viewing the

results for either the flowing or homogenisation periods.

3.4.1 – Turbidity Measurement

Microscopy system reports the level of turbidity in a simple traffic colour code as well as Attention Units display in

Quick View Panel. The turbidity measurement is taken from the transmission of light through the sample in the

chamber.



3.4.2 – Turbidity Indicative Measurement The value is updated at the start of every image cycle and during the image cycle if a significant change is

detected. The turbidity indicative value is given in the following five point scale:

Turbidity Value Turbidity Colour

Very Low Light Green

Low Green

Medium Orange

High Red

Very High Dark Red

3.4.3 – Turbidity Attenuation Unit (AU) Measurement

The analyser measures the light at 180 degrees from the source; this takes into account both the scattering and the

absorbance which results in the attenuation of the light.

The analyser uses a broad light source with a peak close to 500nm

The measurement is at the beginning of every image phase and during the image phase.

The analyser measurements are given in AU for Attenuation Units, this is similar to the FAU Formazin Attenuation

Units but with the difference that FAU is measured at 860nm.

The scale that we can measure is 0-1300AU, where 0 is clear water and 13000AU is a very dark solution



3.5 - Size Distribution Panel

The Size Distribution Panel is shown below, figure 5. This panel displays two charts; for either a combination of oil

droplets (blue chart), solids (red chart) and gas (green chart). To view the different object types see section

3.5.1.

1 1

2 2

3



Figure 5. The Image Distribution Panel

There are three types of graphs that can be displayed:

• Distribution-Figure 5

The distribution is the frequency percentage of data given for 40 point intervals between the maximum and

minimum values of the x-axis. The frequency percentage values are given on the left hand of the charts in

figure 6.

• Cumulative- Figure 5

The cumulative is the sum of all frequency percentage data less than the value on the x-axis. The

cumulative frequency percentage values are given on the right hand of the charts in figure 6.

• Distribution and Cumulative- Figure 5

This displays both the distribution and cumulative charts.

A variety of data is displayed below each chart and includes:

• Dv10 -the particle size below which 10 per cent of the volume of material is found.

• Dv50 –the median particle size, the particle size below which 50 per cent of the volume of material is

found.

• Dv90 –the particle size below which 90 per cent of the volume of material is found.

• The total number of images used for the chart data is displayed at the bottom right of the dialog.





3.5.1-Size Distribution Panel Display Options

By clicking the right mouse button on the chart a quick menu will appear, as shown in figure 6.

The quick menu is split into 4 sections:

• Left Chart, figure 6

• Right Chart, figure 6

• Plot Type, figure 6

• Time Period, figure 6

Figure 6. The Image Distribution Quick Menu

1

2

4

3



3.5.1.1- Left and Right Chart Options

Type:

Changing the type will change if oil, solids or gas data is displayed in the left or right chart.

View:

Allows the chart to display Area, Volume, Diameter or Shape distribution on the left or right charts.

Fixed X-Axis, X-Min and X-Max:

The size axis (x-axis) can also be configured to a fixed range – in which case the minimum and maximum range

can be set, or full range – in which case the graph will dynamically change the x-axis to display all objects detected.

3.5.1.2 – Plot Type

Changing the plot type will change the type of plot that is displayed on both graphs.

3.5.1.3- Time Period Display Options

This allows the user to display either the analysis of the Live Data or today’s data.

3.6 – The Trending Panel

The Trending panel is shown below in figure 7; this panel displays up to four plots for live timing and two for other

time periods.

The top chart in figure 7 is the Dv50 value for Live Image time period. In this mode there are four lines displayed.

The light blue line represents the actual Dv50 values of oil droplets for each image, while the heavy blue line

represents the average DV50 value of oil droplets for all the images in the run. Similarly, the light red line

represents the actual Dv50 values of solids for each image, while the heavy red line represents the average Dv50

values of solids for images in the run.

The total number of images used for the chart data is displayed at the top right of the trending dialog.



Figure 7. The Trending Panel





3.6.1 - Trending Panel Display Options

The Chart Type can be set to any of the options shown.

PPM

mgl

Area

Volume

Dv10

Dv50

Dv90

Dn10

Dn50

Dn90

Shape

Number of Objects

Turbidity

Temperature

Circularity

Aspect Ratio

Convexity

Elongation

Projected Circle

Sharpness

Feret Diameter

Length

Width



3.6.2 - Trending Panel Quick Menu

By clicking the right mouse button on the chart a quick menu will appear, as shown in figure 8.

Figure 8. The Trending Panel Quick Menu

The Y-axis position can be set to a fixed value or updated dynamically by checking on the Fixed Y-Axis check box.

The minimum and maximum Y-Axis values for the fixed graph are set by changing the Y-Min and Y-Max values.

Changing the View type will change which object data is displayed in the chart and table. The combinations are:

Oil + Solids

Oil + Gas

Solids + Gas

Note: if the Time Period is set to anything other than the Live Image then the light red and blue lines that represent

the live information are not displayed.



3.7 – The Image Panel

The Image Panel displays the last image taken and the analysis of that image. This can be seen below, figure 9.

Detected oil droplets are coloured in blue, detected solids in red and gas as green. To help identify objects yellow

grid lines are displayed over the image. The yellow text in the centre of each grid line highlights the distance in µm

between each grid line, and the markings on the gridline indicate the distance in µm from the zero origin of the

image ([0,0] in the lower left corner). The date and time of the image displayed are shown next to the image.

Figure 9. The Image Panel



3.7.1 Image Panel Open Images

An image previously saved can be opened and viewed on the image panel using the Open Image button.

Processed images file names begin with ‘OIWImageProcessed’ whereas the non processed images file names

start with ‘OIWImage’. See section 5 for information on File Structure.

3.7.2 Image Panel Display Options

The default display for the image panel is to show the processed image with detected oil droplets coloured in blue

and detected solids in red as shown above.

By clicking the right mouse button on the image a quick menu will appear, as shown below, figure 10.

Figure 10. Image Panel Display Options

This menu has two sections: Zooming Options and Viewing Options.



3.7.2.1 - Zooming Options

To zoom in on an area of an image select the “To Zoom in Click on Image” radio button, then click on an area of

the image you want to view more closely. This option will revert back to the Pan Image option allowing the image to

be panned around the image window. To zoom in further simply click on the “To Zoom in Click on Image” option

again. As zooming in takes place the yellow distance between grid lines will be updated as will the position from

origin.

Figure 11 below shows an example of an object that has been zoomed in on.

Figure 11. Example of Zooming in on an Image



3.7.2.2 – Viewing Options

As mentioned the default display for the image panel is to show the processed image with detected oil droplets

coloured in blue, detected solids in red and gas as green. The viewing options allow the image to be displayed

with only the oil droplets highlighted, only the solids highlighted, only the gas highlighted, with nothing highlighted

(the image with no markings), or with all oil droplets, solids and gas shown.

Figure 12 shows the differences between highlighting solids and selecting unmarked.

Figure 12. Examples of Image View Options

3.7.2.3 – View Type

Changing the view type will change the object type that is displayed in the image panels table.

1

2



3.8 – Large Image Panel

The Large Image Panel includes all the features of the Image Panel in section 3.7 minus the results table.

Figure 13. Large Image Panel



3.9 – Main Top Display Panel

Figure 17 shows the main display at the top of the software.

Figure 17. Main Display

Descriptions of areas in Main Display Figure 17

1. For EX1000M and EX100M PPM or mg/L value is related to the fluorescence measurement. For further

details for these models please refer to OIW-HBO-002 User Manual. For the EX400M the value displayed

is related to the object selected in the Main Display option in the Microscopy Configuration. The object type

is displayed at the top of area 2.

2. Either the object type (EX400M) or the raw fluorescence value is displayed at the top of area 2.

The temperature of the measurement chamber is then displayed

3. The alarms for the system are displayed here.

4. Displays the current cycle status. For information please refer to OIW-HBO-002.

5. The average value of PPM for today and yesterday. For EX1000M and EX100M the value is related to the

fluorescence measurement. For further details for these models please refer to OIW-HBO-002 User

Manual. For the EX400M the value displayed is related to the object selected in the Main Display option in

the Microscopy Configuration. The Object type is displayed at the top of area 2.

1

2

3

4

5



Section 4 - Microscopy Configuration

The microscopy configuration options button (Figure 18) can be found under the Configuration Options in the

bottom control (Figure 18). You will need to log in to make any changes. Note: this button will only be visible for

OIW-EX-M Series users.

Figure 18. Microscopy Configuration Button



4.1 – Microscopy Configuration Options

Note: Some options can only be changed if the cycle has been stopped

The configuration is split into a number of tabs (as seen in figure 19) which will be described in the following

sections.

Figure 19. Microscopy Configuration Window

The controls at the bottom of the panel have the following functions:

• Close button will close the microscopy configuration tab

• Load Configuration button can be used to load a new configuration file which will update microscopy

configuration value. These can be generated using MiView Batch and Image Reprocessing Application

• Export Configuration button can be used to save a new configuration file which can be loaded onto the

MiView Batch Image Reprocessing Application



4.2 – Imaging Configuration

The Imaging Configuration shown in Figure 19 is used to set configuration options related to the imaging.

• Imaging Mode is described in section 6.2,

• Image Sampling controls how many images should be taken during each imaging phase of the

measurement cycle, and the time interval between each image.

• No. Images to be Saved is the number of images that will be saved to the during each image cycle.

• Main Display (EX400M only) changes what object type is displayed in the PPM Graph and Main Display.

• Imaging Schedule can set the imaging to take place with and without homogenisation. Homogenisation

will break up the oil droplets into much smaller particle sizes, so do not used the result from this phase for

measurement of oil droplet size. Homogenisation imaging can be used to remove oil that has coated solids.



4.3 - Settings

This section controls the settings for the detection algorithm. It is important to understand that any changes made

to these settings will affect the PPM reading derived from the image. For this reason any changes made may

require a change to the Oil, Solids and Gas Gain (see section6).

(a)

(b)

Figure 20. Settings tab for (a) EX400M and (b) EX100M/1000M



4.3.1 – Shape Factor

As mentioned previously, the image analysis distinguishes oil droplets from solids by assessing the shape of

objects found in the image. If the object is seen as round then it is identified as oil and if the object is seen as

irregular in shape then it is identified as a solid. The degree to which an identified object is categorised as an oil

droplet is based on the Shape Factor setting.

The higher this setting is the ‘rounder’ the oil droplet must be to be considered as an oil droplet. A shape factor of 1

means completely round object. Anything not categorised as round will be marked as a solid. Figure 21 below

provides simplified examples of roundness.

Figure 21. Roundness Factor Objects

4.3.2 – Sharpness Factor

Images which are out of the main focal plane will be blurred (not sharp) and can appear larger than they actually

are. This factor determines which objects will be considered as ‘in focus’ and should be considered as detected

objects, and which objects should be ignored as they will be inaccurately measured if identified as an object.

The higher the factor, the sharper an object must be to be detected.



Figure 22. Sharpness Factor Objects

Using Figure 22 as an example, setting the Sharpness Factor to 1.00 will detect only objects fully in focus: object

1. Objects 2 and 3 will not be detected as they are blurred (out of the focal plane). Setting the Sharpness Factor to

0.50 will detect objects 1 and 2, but will ignore object 3 as it is too blurred.

4.3.3 – Gas Factor

Gas bubbles will differ from oil droplets as they will have a clear centre. This factor controls the white to black ratio

of the detected object and allows the detection algorithm to ignore gas bubbles to improve the accuracy of the oil

measurement system detection.

Figure 23. Gas Factor Objects

Using Figure 23 as an example, setting the Gas Factor to 0 (zero) will detect any round object with an inner white

portion as a gas (all objects). Setting the Gas Factor to 20 will only detect objects below 20% clear as gas i.e.

objects 2 and 3; object 1 will be detected as an oil droplet. Setting the Gas Factor to 60 in this example will not



detect any object below 60% clear as gas and all objects will be detected as oil droplets i.e. only objects with

greater than 60% clear will be seen as gas.

4.3.4 – Shape Factor Weights

The shape factor is made up of a number of different properties of the object. These properties can be weighted in

order to represent the differences between oil and solids objects in the water. That is for example when solid

objects are round the convexity and greyscale weights can be increased to better detect round solids.

Roundness Weight

The roundness is related to the objects perimeter and area, the larger the perimeter to the area the lower the

roundness value will be.

Aspect Ratio Weight

The aspect ratio is related to the ratio of the objects width against height, see section 6.1.1 Shape.

Percentage of Projected Circle Weight

Percentage of the edge of the object that falls within +-10% of a projected circle from the centre of mass of the

object. This property is good at differentiating between oil and solid objects, see section 6.1.1 Shape.

Circularity Weight

The Circularity is related to the ratio of the projected perimeter from the objects area to its actual perimeter, see

section 6.1.1 Shape.

Convexity Weight

Convexity is an indication of how rough the particle is, see section 6.1.1 Shape.

Greyscale Weight

Greyscale Variation is an indication of how textured the object is. In general oil objects will have very little texture

and solids will have some texture in the object



4.3.5 – Auto Adjust Shape Factor towards the Fluorescence Value

When the Auto Adjust Shape Factor towards the Fluorescence Value check box is ticked in figure 20(b) the shape

factor will be adjusted so that the microscopy ppm and the fluorescence ppm become similar. The min and max

auto shape factor are boundary conditions that shape factor must remain in.

This option should only be used when the differences in shape between oil and solids are very similar. The

differences in the min and max should also be set no greater than 0.2.



4.4 – Calibration

(a)

(b)

Figure 24. Calibration Tab for (a) EX400M and (b) EX100M/1000M



4.4.1 – Uniform Calibration

A uniform calibration is used to correct non-uniformities in the image. This is done periodically in case, for example,

the Analyser receives a physical knock that may move the camera slightly.

By ticking “Perform Uniform Image On Next Cycle” a uniform image will be processed before the next Image Cycle.

4.4.2 – Pixel Calibration Factor

The Pixel Calibration Factor is the size each pixel in the image represents in um. That is if the factor is 0.4 then 1

pixel is 0.4µm. 40µm would give 100 pixels in length. This can only be adjusted by an Advanced Sensors

Engineer.

4.4.3 – Display Raw Image Values

By checking the Display Raw Image Values check box the raw image values are sent to the quick view control for

each of the object types, as seen in figure 25. The raw image value is used for calibration of the microscopy object

concentration.

Figure 25. Calibration Tab for (a) EX400M and (b) EX100M/1000M



4.4.4 – Image Calibration

For the EX100M and EX1000M the PPM reading obtained from the image is secondary value for Oil PPM and it is

important to understand that for this system the fluorescence PPM is the primary value for Oil PPM.

The seven values A, B, C, D, m, c and intercept are the parameters for the calibration curve for the microscopy

system.

The load calibration file can be used to update the calibration values.

For EX100M and EX1000M

The Imaging PPM can auto calibrate itself to the fluorescence measurement by checking the Auto Calibration

check box. This has the effect of the system adjusting the Oil Gain to match the Fluorescence PPM

By checking Link Auto Calibration to Solids + Gas the multiplication factor used to adjust the Oil Gain is applied

to the Solids and Gas Gain. This should be unselected once the oil calibration is complete.

For EX400M

The Oil, Solids and Gas Gain can be adjusted separately. This may be important when calibrating for example the

Solids PPM against the lab measurement.

4.5 - Object Size

Object Size Tab Figure 26 allows the user to edit the detection size for oil, solids and gas.

For example, if the max diameter for oil was 100µm and min diameter was 10µm the following would happen:

Oil droplet size 112µm would not be detected and oil droplet size 6µm would not be detected, whereas any oil

droplets between 10 and 100µm, such as an oil droplet of 30µm, would be detected.

Setting the size of the Oil, Solids and Gas objects can help reduce any false-positive objects being picked up. That

is, if we know that the oil objects in the system range between 1 and 20µm, then we could consider objects that are

round, and bigger than 20µm, to be either solids or gas objects.



If a possible oil object is bigger than the set Max Value, the object can be considered as:

• No Object if the If > than Max Leave Empty is checked

• Solid if the If > than Max set as Solid is checked

• Gas if the If > than Max set as Gas is checked

Figure 26. Object Size Tab



4.6 – Alarm Levels

The Imaging Alarm is configured by the Alarm Levels tab.

The user can set the fluorescence to go out of range if the Turbidity is very high by checking on Set PPM to Out of

Range when Turbidity is very high to. The turbidity very high PPM value can be set by the user.

Figure 27. Warning Level Tab



4.7 – Density and mg/L

The microscopy data can be set to run in mg/L by clicking on the “mg/L On” check box shown in figure 28. The

density needs to be set for the Oil, Solids and Gas being measured in the system to give accurate values for mg/L

.

Figure 28. Density mg/L Tab

When the “mg/L On” check box is checked for the EX400M the Main Display Panel and PPM Graph panel can be

changed to view mg/L.

Figure 29. Main Display Type Change Option (EX400M only)



4.8 – Advanced

Features in this section should be adjusted with care. Advanced Sensors recommends the following settings

Figure 30. Advanced Microscopy Configuration settings



4.8.1- Stuck Object Removal

Objects that stick to the optical window will appear in the same place in multiple images causing the object to be

counted over and over again. With the Advanced Sensors ultra sonic cleaning technology the probability of objects

being stuck on the window is low.

By checking the Stuck Objects Removal check box the object will only be counted once and then ignored.

4.8.2 – Aggressive Size Averaging

The size in terms of the distribution volumetric is calculated for all the objects in all the images in the run.

This value is then averaged over all the runs in the time period of observation.

The averaging of the distribution volumetric can be average over every 50 images instead. This will reduce the

effect of large particles on the average value

4.8.3 – Flow Valve Control during Static Imaging

When in a static image mode to reduce the affect of oil and solid objects settling over the imaging period the flow

valve can be opened every 50 images of the image cycle.

The delay between the flow valve closing again and the imaging taking place can also be set. This is important as

closing the valve in a high pressure line can cause a quick rush of gas.

The time the valve is opened for can be set and should reflect the flow rate of the line.



4.8.4 – Auto Contrast Every 50 Images

Enables the image processing to perform an auto contrast after every 50 images. Normally this is done at the

beginning of each cycle. May be useful if the concentration or turbidity of the water changes rapidly over time.

By default, this should be selected.

4.8.5 – Auto Exposure Every 50 Images

Enables the image processing to perform an auto exposure after every 50 images. Normally this is done at the

beginning of each cycle. May be useful if the concentration or turbidity of the water changes rapidly over time.

By default, this should be selected.

4.8.6 – Image Processing Mode

The speed of the image processing can be adjusted for faster processing, although the sensitivity (that is the ability

to pick up all the objects in the image) is sacrificed.

By default, this should be set to sensitive.

4.8.7 – Clean Every nth Image

Allows the analyser to perform a cleaning phase after n number of images. May be useful in high gas or

concentration.



4.9 – Homogenisation Imaging

The settings for the homogenisation image configuration are split into two sections:

Homogenisation Settings

• Power the power level for the ultrasonic cleaning

• PWM the length of the ultrasonic pulse in time

• PWM Ratio the ratio the ultrasonics is on/off

• Time On the total length of time of the ultrasonic cleaning phase

Image Sampling

Controls how many images should be taken during each imaging phase of the measurement cycle, and the time

interval between each image.

Figure 31. Homogenisation Imaging Options



4.10 – Imaging Test Control

By clicking on the System Test button on the configuration panel and then on the Microscopy Tab you can get

access to control the Light and take images manually.

Figure 32. Microscopy System Test



Section 5 – Microscopy Measurement Alarms

Configurable microscopy measurement alarms allow the user to set lower and upper measurement threshold

alarms, allocate alarm limits to relays and configure alarm timings. All alarms are recorded in the system logs for

complete traceability.

Microscopy Measurement Alarms

INFORMATION: Measurement alarms correspond to the user defined measurement unit.

Therefore measurement alarms will be displayed in ppm, ppb, % or mg/l units according to

user configuration.

Microscopy Measurement alarms provide the user with warnings to indicate measurement values have exceeded

either one of the set threshold limits. Figure 31 below of the ‘Measurement Alarms’ menu shows the menu options

and the ‘Alarm Settings’ box in the ‘Configurations Setting’ display area. Measurement alarm configuration options

(when enabled or disabled) are displayed in the ‘Configurations Setting’ display area for quick reference.

Figure 33: Measurement Alarms configuration menu and configuration settings display area. *Example for illustration only actual screen may vary with alarm type.

The ‘Enable Alarm Threshold 1’ box must be ticked to enable and edit this feature. If a second limit is required then

the ‘Enable Alarm Threshold 2’ box can be selected (note: ‘Enable Alarm Threshold 1’ must be enabled first before

the second alarm threshold can be selected). Limits are set using the numerical up / down arrows in the threshold

box and displayed in the ‘Configurations Setting’ display area as shown above in Figure 31. Relays can be

allocated to trigger when alarm threshold 1 is crossed. The user can select a relay, all or none from the drop-down

list at the bottom of the menu. The dry contact relay can, for example, activate an audible alarm in the control room,



open/close a valve to reroute the process flow or any other user requirement (set up at the time of installation) to

indicate an alarm status.

If an alarm threshold is crossed the user can configure a time limit, ‘Alarm Persistence’, before an alarm is raised to

compensate for temporary out of threshold variations in measurement values. The measured value must then

exceed the thresholds for the specified time before an alarm is raised. In Figure 33, the ‘Alarm Persistence’ time is

selected using the numerical up / down arrows, to a maximum time of 120 seconds. The selected persistence time

is then displayed in the ‘Configurations Setting’ display area as shown in Figure 33. A pending alarm message, in

yellow, will be displayed on screen, as well as the alarm panel, during the persistence period until the time is

exceeded when an alarm is issued, shown in Figure 34. Otherwise if the measurement returns to within the

threshold range during the persistence time no alarm is issued.

Figure 34: Alarm pending warning with the alarm panel open.

An alarm clearing feature can be configured if required. The ‘Clearing Persistence’ time is the length of

time an alarm is active before being automatically cleared. Select the ‘Enable Alarm Clearing’ box to

enable this feature and set the ‘Lower Alarm Clearing Threshold’ using the numerical up / down arrows

(Figure 35 below). This clearing feature occurs at user configured time intervals, or the ‘Clearing

Persistence’ time, selected using the numerical up / down arrows, to a maximum time of 23 hours and

59 seconds.

Figure 35: Enable alarm clearing.



CAUTION: Enable ‘Alarm Clearing’ with caution. When ‘Alarm Clearing’

is enabled, alarms may clear without alerting the user.

Figure 36. Configurations Panel

The alarm type to be configured can be selected from the “Alarm Type” and “Droplet Type” drop down box menu

options.

Figure 37. Selecting the Alarm Type

Microscopy measurement alarms correspond to the user defined measurement unit. The configurable

microscopy alarms supported include PPM, Dv10, Dv50, Dv90, Dn10, Dn50 and Dn90. Each alarm type can be

configured for each of the droplet types, oil solids and gas.



Alarm Type Particle Type Alarm Raise Criteria Alarm Clear Criteria

Image PPM (Threshold 1)

Oil Alarm raised when the

concentration of the

configured particle type is

above the configured

“Threshold 1” value for the

duration of the “Alarm

Persistence” time.

Alarm cleared when the

image PPM is below the

“Clearing Limit” for the

duration of the “Clearing


Solids

Gas

Image PPM (Threshold 2)

Oil Alarm raised when the

concentration of the

configured particle type is

above the configured




Alarm cleared when the

image PPM is below the

“Threshold 1” for the



Solids

Gas

Dv10 (Threshold 1)

Oil

Alarm raised, when

assuming all particles are

spherical, >10% of the

particles sampled have a

volume greater than a

sphere with diameter

equal to the configured




Alarm cleared, when


spherical, <10% of the





“Clearing Limit” value for

the duration of the “Alarm


Solids

Gas

Dv10 (Threshold 2)

Oil Alarm raised, when










Alarm cleared, when










Solids

Gas



Dv50 (Threshold 1)











Alarm cleared, when










Solids

Gas

Dv50 (Threshold 2)











Alarm cleared, when










Solids

Gas

Dv90 (Threshold 1)











Alarm cleared, when










Solids

Gas



Dv90 (Threshold 2)

Oil

Alarm raised, when










Alarm cleared, when










Solids

Gas

Dn10 (Threshold 1)

Oil Alarm raised when 10% of

the particles sampled have

a diameter above




Alarm cleared when 10%

of the particles sampled

have a diameter below the




Solids

Gas

Dn10 (Threshold 2)



a diameter above










Solids

Gas

Dn50 (Threshold 1)



a diameter above









Persistence” Time.

Solids

Gas

Dn50 (Threshold 2)



a diameter above










Solids

Gas

Commented [HJ1]: For all you need to add in threshold 2 alarms



Dn90 (Threshold 1)



a diameter above










Solids

Gas

Dn90 (Threshold 2)



a diameter above










Solids

Gas

Examples of the microscopy alarm configuration screens for the PPM alarms, DVx alarms and the DNx alarms are

shown in figures 38-40 respectively.

Figure 38. Microscopy Alarms Options (PPM)



Figure 39. Selecting the Droplet Type

Figure 40. Microscopy Alarms Options (Dn50)



When a microscopy alarm is raised the “Micr. Alarms” button will be highlighted red. Clicking on the button will

show a table of all currently raised alarms. The “Threshold” column shows the trigger value that should be

exceeded in order for the alarm to be raised. The “Clearing Details” column for an active alarm shows the trigger

value below which the alarm will clear. When the alarm is clearing the “Clearing Details” column will show the time

left before the alarm will be cleared. Figure 41 shows an example of an alarm being raised on threshold 1 while the

threshold 2 alarms is clearing.

Figure 41. Microscopy Alarms table showing alarms for the Dv90 alarms for solids

The microscopy alarms can be used to provide external alarms. External alarm capability for each of the

microscopy alarms is enabled via relays. The relay will be triggered if the trigger condition is exceeded for an alarm

that a relay has been assigned to. The relay will be reset when all the alarms it has been assigned to are cleared.

The relay used for each alarm can be chosen from the relay drop down list, as shown below in Figure 42.



Figure 42. Assigned relays can be selected from can be selected from the relays drop down list.

Section 6 – Data Files

Both the analysis and image data are stored for later reference within the OIW EX-M Series units, as with the

standard fluorescence (for OIW EX100M and EX1000M only) and spectral data (for OIW EX1000M only).

To review the Microscopy data, we recommend that you use MiView Software.

6.1 – Location

The Data Logging Handbook provides details for locating the OIWLogs directory in the shared area of the OIW EX-

M Series unit.

The microscopy files are located in a folder named Micro_Logs within the monthly folder either in system

configuration dependent:



C:\Users\Public\Documents\OIWlogs

6.2 - Data Structure

Within the OIW Logs folder, the sub folders are broken first by months, then Micro-logs and Data-logs, and then by

days. Inside the day folder there are four .csv files in which the result data for all the runs during that day is kept,

these are as follows:

File Name File Type

SN199_19_May_11-Thu_Oil_Distrubition_Logs

Oil Distribution Results

SN199_19_May_11-Thu_Solid_Distrubition_Logs

Solids Distribution Results

SN199_19_May_11-Thu_Gas_Distrubition_Logs

Gas Distribution Results

SN199_19_May_11-Thu_Trending_Logs

Trending Results for Oil, Solids and Gas

The file names above start with the serial number of the machine ‘SN199’ and then the date ‘19_May_11-Thu’ and

then the file type ‘Trending_Logs’

Each four files are created for each water lines and homogenisation phase if enabled.

As with all of the OIW data logs the microscopy data logs are text based files output in .csv format (comma

separated values). This means that they can be opened in a plain text editor such as Notepad (included with

Windows) or more sophisticated mathematical analysis tools such as Microsoft’s Excel application.

For every imaging cycle a new folder is created in the date folder. These folders are label with the run number and

the time the run was started. For example:

0109-Time-12-46



This would be images from cycle 109 which started at 12:46.

Two images are saved for every image processed. The first image saved is the raw unprocessed image and the

second image is the processed image which contains the results for the image. The processed image is stored with

lower quality as the image itself is only used as a reference. The raw unprocessed image is saved at full quality

allowing these images to be reprocessed at a later stage.

For example the file names of the images are shown below:

Raw Image Filename:- OIWImage0001_19 May 2011_12_28_32

Processed Image Filename:- OIWImageProcessed0001_19 May 2011_12_28_32

The first part of the file name will contain the word ‘OIWImageProcessed’ if it is a processed image and for a raw

image this is ‘OIWImage’. The next four digits is the image number in the run. This is then followed by the date and

time.



6.3 – File Structure

The four files described in section 6.2 contain a header file as seen in figure 42.

The File line contains the file type and the file version number.

After the line ‘- -‘ the result data for that day is given.

Figure 42. Microscopy Data Log File Opened in Excel



6.4 – File Backup / Removal

To ensure memory management the OIW-EX-M units auto removes older images when hard drive is low on

memory.

It is important to understand that all analysis files will be maintained – and only the image files will be deleted.

Should the images be required longer term then they must be backed up.



7.1 – Measurements This section describes the various measurement values obtained from the OIW Microscopy System.

7.1.1 Shape These values are used to describe the shape of each object and are used to classify the objects found in the

image.

7.1.1.1 - Circularity The circularity is the ratio of the perimeter found from the area of the particle to its actual perimeter. Values range

from 0 to 1, where 1 is a perfect circle.

Equation:

Examples:

(a) Circularity = 1 (b) Circularity = 0.7

(c) Circularity = 0.8 (d) Circularity =0.4

Figure 43. Circularity of various shapes

As we can see from the examples above a square (c) can have a similar circularity to an ellipse (b). This means

that for classifying objects based on shape more properties much be considered.



7.1.1.2 - HS Circularity (High Sensitivity Circularity)

The high sensitivity circularity is more sensitive to the difference in the object’s area to its perimeter than circularity

measurements. Values range from 0 to 1.

Equation:

7.1.1.3 - Convexity

Convexity is an indication of how rough the particle is. The convexity is found from the ratio of the Convex Hull

perimeter divided by actual particle perimeter of the object.

Equation:

The Convex Hull is like placing an elastic band around the object, for example the dotted line around the star object

in figure 44.

Figure 44. Convex Hull around a star shaped object

The lower the convexity the more rough the object is. Convexity ranges from 0 to 1.



7.1.1.4 - Aspect Ratio

The Aspect Ratio is defined as the ratio of the object’s width to its height.

See width and length measurement definitions.

Values range from 0 to 1. A value of 1 would give a perfect circle.

Equation:

7.1.1.5 - Elongation

Elongation is 1 minus the Aspect Ratio

Equation:



7.1.1.6 - Percentage of a Projected Circle

Percentage of the edge of the object that falls within +-10% of a projected circle from the centre of mass of the

object. Figure 45(a) shows a rough circular object where a lot of the object edge falls within the two circular bands,

thus having a high percentage of a projected circle. Whereas the in figure 45(b) the square has very little of its edge

that falls within the two bands, thus having a low percentage of a projected circle.

(a)

(b)

Figure 45. Projected Circle around a rough circular object (a) and square object (b) shape

The shape of the object uses the various shape measurements to calculate how round an object is. The software

uses a specially design Advanced Sensors algorithm to adjust the shape for Oil and Solid particles, making the

classification process unique to this application.



7.1.2 Size

These values are used to describe the size of each object

7.1.2.1 - Volume Distribution

The volume distribution for a set of particles is described by ordering the particles volume and then finding which

particles fall within a certain % of the total volume.

For example, figure 46 shows 3 particles

Particle A, 1µm Diameter

Particle B, 2µm Diameter

Particle C, 3µm Diameter

A B C

Figure 46. Three particles from left to right (a)1µm, (b)2µm and (c)3µm

The volume for each particle is given below and the total volume display from the smallest particle to the largest is

shown in figure 47:

Particle A, 0.52 µm3 Volume

Particle B, 4.2 µm3 Volume

Particle C, 14.1 µm3 Volume

Total Volume is 18.8µm3



Figure 47. Three particles from left to right (a)1µm, (b)2µm and (c)3µm order in terms of volume

10% of the total volume Dv10 of the particles is 1.88µm3 This falls within particle B volume

50% of the total volume Dv50 of the particles is 9.4µm3 This falls within particle C volume

90% of the total volume Dv90 of the particles is 16.92µm3 This falls within particle C volume

Therefore:

Dv10 is 2µm

Dv50 is 3µm

Dv90 is 3µm



7.1.2.2 - Number Distribution

Dn is the distribution of the diameter for the complete volume (objects) that have been sampled. Figure 48 show a

distribution curve.

Figure 48. Distribution Curve

If we order all the objects diameters from the lowest to the highest then:

Dn10 is the diameter 10% of the objects exist



Dn10 Dn50 Dn90



7.1.2.3 - Diameter/Diameter EQPC

The Diameter EQPC is the diameter of a circle with the equivalent area of the object that is measured, as shown in

figure 49. The Diameter EQPC is used for standard diameter measurements on the analyser including the Dv10,

Dv50 and Dv90.

Area = 65µm Area=65µm

Figure 49. Calculating Diameter based on the area of an object

Equation:

= Diameter



7.1.2.4 - Diameter PED This is the diameter of a circle that has the same perimeter as the object measured

Equation:

7.1.2.5 – Feret Diameter

The Feret Diameter is defined as the maximum distance between any two points in the object, as shown in figure

50.

Figure 50. Feret Diameter of an object

Feret Diameter



7.1.2.6 – Length / Width

The length is the maximum distance through the centre of mass, while the width is the smallest, as shown in figure

51.

Figure 51. Length and width as measured through the centre of mass (star)

7.1.2.7 – Area

The number of pixels in the objected is converted to um2 to give the area of the object.

7.1.2.8 – Volume EQPC The Volume EQPC is the volume of a sphere with the equivalent area of the object that is measured. This volume

is used when volume is shown on the OIW Microscopy analyser dialogs.

Equation:

Width

Length



7.1.2.9 – Volume PED

This is the volume of a circle that has the same perimeter as the object measured

Equation:

7.1.2.10 – Perimeter

The Perimeter is the distance around the object.

7.1.3 -Concentration

Image PPM

The image PPM is measured for Oil, Solids and Gas objects. The values are found in a three step process:

1. The total area of the objects in the image divided by the area of the image

2. Adjust this value based on the calibration curve for the system

3. Adjust the value for the gain for Oil, Solids and Gas, to get the final PPM

Concentration

The concentration is simply the % of Oil, Solids or Gas measured.

Number of Objects

The number of particles is the number of Oil, Solids or Gas objects found.



7.2 – Configuration Parameters

This section describes the various parameters that are found the in Microscopy Configuration of the OIW

Microscopy Software

Imaging Mode

The system can sample during imaging in three modes. The recommend mode is to image in flow.

1. Static Imaging

The sample chamber is closed and the sample remains static during imaging.

Advantages

• Imaging will not be affected by high flow in this mode.

• Average value of the static sample rather than measuring different points in the flow.

Disadvantages

• If there are high levels of gas in the system, the sudden change in pressure from closing the chamber may

cause gas to be released. This can affect the quality of the images.

• Oil and Solid particles may settle in the sampling chamber over the image period

2. Flow Imaging

Imaging cycle is measured with flow through the chamber. Meaning that for 50 images with 1 second between each

image the result will be the average of 50 seconds of flow for the image cycle.

Advantages

• Not affected by gas.

• No Oil or Solid settling

Disadvantages

• If the flow is too high objects will become distorted. Please contact Advanced Sensors for the maximum

flow rate of your system.



3. High Gas Content

This Mode operates in flow with cleaning between each image the minimum time between each image can only be

3 seconds. Useful if there is a lot of gas sticking to optical window on the analyser.



8 – Appendix

8.1 - OIW-EX Contact Details

Customer Liaison

Sales & Marketing

Tel.+44(0)28 93 35 64 67

E-Mail: [email protected]

Advanced Sensors Headquarters

Advanced Sensors Ltd

8 Meadowbank Road

Carrickfergus

BT38 8YF

UK

Tel: +44 (0)28 93 32 89 22

Fax: +44 (0)28 93 32 86 69

Web: www.advancedsensors.co.uk

http://www.advancedsensors.co.uk/

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