Total Design SolutionsFor Oilfield And Gas Gathering Systems

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POLYPIPE:THE SINGLESOURCE FORTOTALSYSTEMSOLUTIONS

Moving fluidsthrough pipe in

the oil field demands theutmost in flexibility, reliabilityand performance. Thats whyPolyPipe is your bestchoice for the energybusiness. Our HDPE (highdensity polyethylene) pipingprovides superior flowcharacteristics, extended lifeand durability and reducedmaintenance than traditionalpiping materials, anywhere inthe oilpatch.

We offer a wide selection ofpipe, fittings and valves as asingle source, to meet yourneeds for any oil fieldapplication. As a leader in thepressure rated pipe industry,PolyPipe features networkof sales offices anddistribution centers across theU.S. and around the world.Our six U.S. manufacturingfacilities are regionally locatedto assure timely, accuratedelivery to any location yourequire.

PROVEN PE PRODUCTSIN THE PATCH

PolyPipe designs productsproducts specifically for theoil and gas industry. From gasgathering, crude transmission,water lines and auxiliary lines,only select high grade resins areused by PolyPipe.

PE3408 - Extra High MolecularWeight (EHMW) Black Pipe A premium quality, high density,extra high molecular weight,polyethylene pipe specificallydesigned for the rigors of the oilfield. It is produced from PE3408 resin containing not lessthan two percent (2%) carbonblack for superior resistance toUV degradation. This blackpipe offers outstandingenvironmental stress crackresistance, the best chemical

Typical Application Gas gathering Crude oil flow Water flood Saltwater disposal Supply water Fuel transfer Main lines

resistance of any polyethylenepipe and high impactresistance. PolyPipePE pipe is tough enoughto easily handle pressurefluctuation and line surges. Pipediameters range from 1/2" - 6"coiled and 1/2"-54" straight lengths.

Time Saver Valves & FittingsPolyPipe is also one of theworlds largest manufacturersof PE valves and fittings.We offer the added capability tofabricate a multitude of customfittings and specialty items rangingfrom 2" to 54". Custom orderscan be produced to customerspecifications utilizing CADdesign systems, in bothpressure and non-pressureconfigurations. Time Saver PEbutterfly valves are designed tobe butt-fused, thus eliminatingthe need for troublesome flangeadapters, spacers or gaskets.

DESIGN PRESSURE RATING

The pressure rating of PolyPipe is determinedin accordance with the PPIrecommended hydrostaticdesign basis for the material,the physical dimensions of thepipe, and the appropriate designand service factors. Pressuredesign calculations are basedon the following formula whichrelates the stress on the pipewall to internal pressure.

2S x DF x F P =

(SDR-1)

S = long term hydrostaticstrength, (psi) (1600

psi for PolyPipePE 3408)

P = internal pressure. (psi)SDR = standard dimensional

ratio, (D/t)D = outside diameter,

(inch)t = minimum wall thick-

ness, (inch)DF = design factor, (0.50)F = service factor

THERMAL EXPANSIONPolyethylene, like other plastics,has a thermal coefficient ofexpansion higher than metals.The value for polyethylene isabout 1.0 x 10-4 in/in/OF. Conse-quently, allowance for thermalexpansion and contraction in

service should be made duringinstallation of the pipe. A generalrule is 1 inch per 100 feet of pipeper 10F change in temperature.In short runs, changes in direc-tion of the pipeline will often givesufficient allowance for stressesarising from changes in tempera-ture.

Service Factor to be applied to designpressure rating for water when trans-porting other substances:

Substance Service FactorWater 1.0

Dry Natural Gas 1.0Crude Oil 0.5

Wet Natural Gas 0.5Federally Regulated

Dry Natural Gas 0.4

Internal Pressure Ratings (psi) for PolyPipe PE3408 High DensityPolyethylene Pipe at Various Temperatures and Time in Service for Water

TEMP Time In STANDARD DIMENSIONAL RATIO (SDR)Service(OF) (years) 7.3 9 11 13.5 15.5 17 21 26 32.5

1 350 275 220 175 150 135 110 85 705 310 245 195 155 135 120 95 80 60

50 10 295 230 185 145 125 115 90 75 5520 280 220 175 140 120 110 85 70 5550 270 210 170 135 115 105 85 65 501 315 250 200 160 135 125 100 80 605 285 225 180 140 120 110 90 70 55

75 10 270 210 170 135 115 105 85 65 5020 260 205 165 130 110 100 80 60 50

73.4 50 255 200 160 130 110 100 80 65 501 270 210 170 135 115 105 85 65 505 250 200 160 125 110 100 80 60 50

100 10 235 185 150 120 100 90 75 60 4520 220 175 140 110 95 85 70 55 4050 215 170 135 110 95 85 65 55 401 230 180 1,45 115 100 90 70 55 455 210 165 135 105 90 80 65 50 40

125 10 195 155 125 110 85 75 60 50 4020 190 150 120 95 80 75 60 45 3550 180 140 115 90 75 70 55 45 351 195 155 125 100 85 75 60 50 405 175 135 110 85 75 65 55 40 35

150 10 155 125 110 80 65 60 50 40 3020 150 115 95 75 65 60 45 35 3050 125 100 80 60 55 50 40 30 25

*Note: Time in service estimates are based solely on the long-term hydrostatic strength of the pipe. Specific operating and environmental conditionsmust be taken into account for design life consideration.

Service Conditions

Pressure ratings may need tobe adjusted to compensate forthe effect of substances otherthan water.

The following table from APISpecifications 15LE recom-mends maximum operatingpressures for crude oil andnatural gas.

Polyethylene Pressure Rating

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (psig) at 73.40F (230C) (Note 3)

Nominal Schedule Outside Minimun Water Crude Natural GasSize or Diameter Wall Thickness HDS 630 HDS 800 HDS 630 HDS 800 HDS 630 HDS 800

(inches) SDR (inches) (inches)SDR 21 0.840 0.062 100 130 50 65 64 83SDR 17 0,062 100 130 50 65 64 83

1/2 SDR 13.5 0.062 100 130 50 65 64 83SDR 11 0.076 125 160 60 80 80 100SDR 9 0.093 160 200 80 100 100 100

SDR 7.3 0.115 200 255 100 125 100 100SDR 21 1.050 0.062 80 100 40 50 51 64SDR 17 0.062 80 100 40 50 51 64

3/4 SDR 13,5 0.078 100 125 50 60 64 83SDR 11 0.095 125 160 60 80 80 100SDR 9 0.117 160 200 80 100 100 100

SDR 7.3 0.144 200 255 100 125 100 100SDR 21 1.315 0.062 60 80 30 40 38 51SDR 17 0.077 80 100 40 50 51 64

1 SDR 13.5 0.097 100 125 50 60 64 83SDR 11 0.119 125 160 60 80 80 100SDR 9 0.146 160 200 80 100 100 100

SDR 7.3 0.180 200 255 100 125 100 100SDR 11 60 80 30 40 38 51SDR 17 80 100 40 50 51 64

1 1/4 SDR 13.5 100 125 50 60 64 83through SDR 11 See Table 3 125 160 60 80 80 100

5 SDR 9 in API 15LE 160 200 80 100 100 100SDR 7.3 200 255 100 125 100 100SDR 32.5 40 50 20 25 25 30SDR 26 50 64 25 30 30 40SDR 21 60 80 30 40 40 50

6 SDR 17 80 100 40 50 50 65through SDR 15.5 85 105 45 60 60 70

54 SDR 13.5 100 130 50 65 65 80SDR 11 125 160 60 80 80 100SDR 9 455 200 80 100 100 100

SDR 7.3 200 255 100 125 100 100SDR 7 210 265 105 135 100 100

NOTES:(1) Columns 5 through 8 have been rounded to the nearest five (5) psig.(2) A service factor 0.25 was used to calculate a pressure rating for crude oil and is suggested if more precise data is not available.(3) Columns 9 and 10 were calculated based of federal regulations with 100 psig the maximum allowable pressure for plastic pipe. Currently there is

no provision in the code for the higher pressure ratings afforded by the PE3408 resins. For more information see Department of Transportation,Hazardous Materials Registration Board, Title 49, Part 192, Transportation of Natural Gas by Pipeline Minimum Federal Safety Standards. FederalRegister, Volume 35, No. 161, Wednesday, August 19, 1970 and amendments.

(4) HDS 630 refers to those resins with a 630 psi Hydrostatic Design Stress, i.e., PE2406. HDS 800 refers to those resins with a 800 psi HydrostaticDesign Stress, i.e., PE3408.

POLYPIPE:THE ADVANTAGE IN THE FIELD

Cost Effective Significant costsavings should be expectedover traditional pipe materials(steel, fiberglass, PVC) withinthe same design parameter.Savings accrue both on initialproduct cost and by improvedinstallation efficiency.

Chemical and Abrasion Re-sistant PolyPipe isextremely resistant to mostchemicals and corrosiveelements. Its also extremelytough and resistant to abrasiveelements and stress cracking.

Superior Flow CharacteristicsWith a C factor of 150 by theHazen-Williams equation, ourpipe offers an exceptionallysmooth inner surface, and heat-fused joints offer little drag orresistance within the pipe. Insome situations, clients may beable to down-size the pipe andmaintain a comparable flow rateof larger traditional piping.

Flexibility and Resiliency PolyPipe can bend to aradius of 20 times the pipediameter allowing pipe to bendaround obstructions withoutsplicing or special fittings.

Weatherability HDPE 3408Black PolyPipe is designedto withstand extendedoutdoor storage and above-ground use in most climates.Black PE pipe has a minimumof 2% finely dispersed carbonblack; the most effective addi-tive for protecting polyethylene

from the effects of weathering.

Ease of Handling and Installa-tion Lightweight PolyPipeweighs less than onefourth of comparable steel pipe.Significant savings canbe realized in transportation,handling and installation. Pipediameters up to 4" can be coiledfor ease of handling and storing. PolyPipe is quickly andeasily joined and installedby using the heat fusionmethod or special polyethylenemechanical fittings. Heat fusionproduces a solid, leak-proof joint as strong as the pipe itself

WATER HAMMER ANDPRESSURE SURGE: POLYPIPE CAN TAKE IT!

The momentum, or inertia, of amoving column of liquid hasinherent characteristics thatmust be dealt with in a pipingsystem. When liquid flow isstopped suddenly, as by a quickclosing valve, the inertia isconverted into a shock wave orhigh pressure surge. The fasterthe liquid velocity and the longerthe line, the greater the shockload. Controlled dissipation ofthis energy is a design featureand significant advantage of thepolyethylene pipe from Polypipe. See the PolyPipeDesign and EngineeringGuide for more information.

LIQUID FLOW IN POLYPIPE

For liquid flow, PolyPiperecommends the Hazen-Will-iams equation. The constant for

the pipe roughness factor is155. Thus, the equation forliquid flow would be:

HAZEN-WILLIAMSLIQUID FLOW EQUATION:

Pf = 453 x Q1.85

C1.85 x d4.86

Pf = friction pressureloss per 100 feetof pipe, (psi)

Q = flow rate (gpm)d = inside diameter

of pipe (inches)

GAS FLOW CURVES FOR POLYPIPE

The flow formula for smoothpipe should be used to computethe gas flow rate through PolyPipe. It has been foundthat the Mueller formula forsmooth wall pipe describes theflow characteristics of PolyPipe.

MUELLERS FORMULAFOR GAS FLOW IS:

F = 2826

x P12 - P22 x d2.725

G0.425 L

Q = gas flow rate (std.cu. ft. per hour)

G = specific gravity(air = 1.0)

P1 = pipe inlet pres-sure (psia)

P2 = pipe outlet pres-sure (psia)

L = length of pipe (infeet)

d = pipe internaldiameter (inches)

A-1003 CDRev. 2/00

Gainesville Office & Plant2706 N. 1-35 (76240)Gainesville, TX 76240(940) 665-1721(800) 433-5632Fax: (940) 668-2704

Fernley Plant230 Lyon Dr.Fernley, NV 89408(775) 575-5454Fax: (775) 575-6960

Erwin PlantP.O. Box 1991050 Industrial Dr., So.Erwin, TN 37650(423) 743-9116Fax: (423) 743-8419

Sandersville PlantP.O. Box 784995 Waco Mill RoadSandersville, GA 31082(912) 553-0576Fax: (912) 553-0579

Roaring Springs PlantP.O. Box 29811000 Hwy. 70 SouthRoaring Springs, TX 79256(806) 348-7551Fax: (806) 348-7905

Kimball PlantP.O. Box 339FKI Site, Hwy. 30, E.Kimball, NE 69145(308) 235-4828Fax: (308) 235-2938

1997 PolyPipe, a business unit of Rinker Materials Pipe & Concrete Products Division

P.O. Box 390Gainesville, TX 76241-0390(940) 665-1721(800) 433-5632Fax: (940) 668-8612Sales Fax (940) 668-2704

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Emily McDaniel

Emily McDaniel

Emily McDaniel