Oil & G P d ti F iliti &Oil & G P d ti F iliti &Oil & Gas Production Facilities & Oil & Gas Production Facilities & FPSOFPSO

InGu LeeInGu Lee

ContentsContentsContentsContentsContents Contents Contents Contents Offshore Field Development AreaList of Oil Exploration & Production CompaniesList of Oil Exploration & Production CompaniesReview on Global Field Development CAPEXOutlook on Global Offshore Facilities DevelopmentDrilling Process

Exploration & Drilling rigDrillingDrilling

Introducing Offshore FacilitiesFPSO Process

S bSubseaTopsidesHull

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Offshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaOffshore Field Development AreaMain offshore field

– North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Campos and Santos Basins off the coasts of B il N f dl d d N S i l fi ld ff W Af i blBrazil, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, several fields off West Africa most notably west of Nigeria and Angola, as well as offshore fields in South East Asia and Sakhalin, Russia

Arctic

RedevelopmentHeavy oil

Arctic

Conventional &Conventional &Gas value chain

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List of Oil Exploration and Production List of Oil Exploration and Production CompaniesCompaniesList of Oil Exploration and Production List of Oil Exploration and Production CompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompanies

Africa Americas

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List of Oil Exploration and Production List of Oil Exploration and Production Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )List of Oil Exploration and Production List of Oil Exploration and Production Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)

Asia Australia & Oceania

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List of Oil Exploration and Production List of Oil Exploration and Production Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )List of Oil Exploration and Production List of Oil Exploration and Production Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued )Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)Companies(Continued…)

Europe

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Review on Global Field Development Review on Global Field Development CAPEXCAPEXReview on Global Field Development Review on Global Field Development CAPEXCAPEXCAPEXCAPEXCAPEXCAPEX

Field development capex offshore 2008-2011

20 000

25 000

(USD million)

15 000

20 000Onshore(OffshoreTechnology)Eng & Mmt

5 000

10 000

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Floatingplatforms

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CAPEX i 33 billi $7

CAPEX is approx. 33 billion $ per year

Outlook on Global Offshore Facilities Outlook on Global Offshore Facilities DevelopmentDevelopmentOutlook on Global Offshore Facilities Outlook on Global Offshore Facilities DevelopmentDevelopment

I t ll d b f Fl ti d ti

Development Development Development Development

400

450 SemisTLPSpar

Installed base of Floating production

250

300

350SparFPSO

150

200

250

50

100

0Installed base

1987Installed base

1997Installed base

2007Under

constructionBidding phase Long term Total 2015

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Exploration & Drilling RigExploration & Drilling RigExploration & Drilling RigExploration & Drilling RigDrill-siteSelection

Geological evidence indicating the possible accumulation of petroleumpossible accumulation of petroleum

Drill-sitePreparation

Rigging up

Spudding in

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DrillingDrillingDrillingDrillingDrilling

surface hole

Initial DrillingSurface casing installation to prevent fresh

water zones and support the production casingsu ace o e water zones and support the production casingCementedBOP(Blowout Preventer) installation

R l t f d illi bitDrilling tototal depth

Replacement of drilling bitDrill-stem testing

- During drilling porous rock- Testing of Oil & Gas formation

Well logging

Removal of drill stringInsert logging tools

- Electrical logWell logging Electrical log- Radioactivity log- Sonic log

D h l t b t d b k t

Completing well

Dry hole to be cemented back to the original condition

Producer to be with production casing

Fill ith d illi fl id

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- Fill with drilling fluid- Insert production casing- Christmas tree

Introducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore FacilitiesStarted in the fresh waters of the Grand Lake St. Marys(Ohio) in 1891Facilities to drill wells and extract and process oil and natural gas andFacilities to drill wells and extract and process oil and natural gas and export the products to shoreTypes and design rely on the area environment of operation so the project specificationproject specification

1, 2) conventional fixed platforms; 3) compliant tower; 4, 5) vertically moored tension leg and mini-tension leg platform; 6) Spar ; 7,8) Semi-submersibles ; 9) Floating production, storage, and offloading facility; 10) sub sea completion and tie back to host facility

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offloading facility; 10) sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility.

Introducing Offshore FacilitiesIntroducing Offshore Facilities(Continued )(Continued )(Continued…)(Continued…)

Fixed Platforms- Water depth up to about 520 m- Concrete or steel leg anchored

Compliant Platforms(Fixed Type)- Water depths ranging from 460 to 910 m

Designed to sustain significant lateral deflections and forces- Designed to sustain significant lateral deflections and forcesTLPs(Tension Leg Platforms)

- Water depths ranging from 300 to 1,500 mDesigned to eliminate vertical motion of the platform- Designed to eliminate vertical motion of the platform

- Permanently moored by means of tendonsSpar Platforms

- A large-diameter, single vertical cylinder supporting a deckg , g y pp g- About 90% of the structure is underwater and more stable than TLP- Water depth ranging up to 3,000 m

Semi-submersible Platforms- Can be moved from place to place and can be FPSO- Water depths ranging from 60 to 3,000 m- Dynamic Positioning

FPSO(Floating Production Storage and12

FPSO(Floating Production, Storage andOffloading)

Floating Production, Storage Floating Production, Storage and Offloadingand Offloadingand Offloadingand Offloading

Subsea Process(Oil reservoir)- Wellhead

Christmas tree(Tree Oil well)- Christmas tree(Tree, Oil well)- Subsea pipeline, Manifold and etc

Top side process(Oil production)- Modular design basis

A f ilit hi h f i f d ti- A facility which performs processing of production fluids(a mixture of sand, oil, gas and produced water) from oil wells in order to separate out key components(Oil & Gas)

- Separators(Gravity separate; sand, water, oil and gas)Oil t t t(C l )- Oil treatment(Coalescer)

- Water treatment(Hydrocyclone)- Gas treatment(Associated gas(Wet gas) to scrubbers,

Compressors and coolers to make Dry gas through TEG Regeneration

- Fuel gas sweetening system(Amine plant)- Gas export(Re-injecting or Fueling or Exporting)- Offloading and etc.

Hull side process(Oil storage/Ship Stability)p ( g p y)- Hull Structure- Loading process- Cargo Tanks including wash tanks and continuous

settling tanks

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- Production tanks/Slop tanks- Ballast tanks- COW and etc.

Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Subsea Process(Oil Reservoir)Wellhead

- The component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipmentp g g p q p

- To provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment

- BOP(Blowout Preventer) to prevent pressure exposure to outside while drilling- Surface wellhead such as Well Head Tower or Subsea wellhead

Christmas tree(Tree, Oil well)- Installed on the top of wellhead for production- Includes isolation valves and chock equipment to control the flow of well fluids- Surface tree or Subsea tree

Manifold pipeline system(MPS)- Direct the flow into several production flowline headers inclusive of pigging loops,

flow meters and control systems

Tie-in and subsea flow-linese a d subsea o esControl and data acquisition

- Umbilicals- HPU(Hydraulic Power Unit)

SPC(Subsea Production Control)- SPC(Subsea Production Control)- SPCU(Subsea Power and Communication Unit)- PLC- Etc.

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Well Reserviors Production & Injection

Typical Subsea ArchitectureTypical Subsea ArchitectureTypical Subsea ArchitectureTypical Subsea Architecture

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Subsea Control SystemSubsea Control System -- IntegrationIntegrationSubsea Control System Subsea Control System -- IntegrationIntegrationMaster Control Station

Electrical Power Unit

Hydraulic Power Unit

Chemical Injection UnitStation

MCSer Unit

EPSer Unit

HPUtion Unit

CIU

Platform Junction BoxSubsea Communications

Umbilical

Platform Junction BoxGateway (SG)

Subsea

Topside

EPIC OEM

Subsea Control Module

Subsea distribution unitSubsea Communications Gateway (SG)

Proprietary

Subsea Electronic Module

SEM

SCMTree

Pressure, Temp, Choke position etc SEMChoke position, etc

Hydraulic Power

16

y

Topside(Overall)Topside(Overall)Topside(Overall)Topside(Overall)

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Topside(Overall: Continued )Topside(Overall: Continued )Topside(Overall: Continued…)Topside(Overall: Continued…)

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Production Riser DetailsProduction Riser DetailsProduction Riser DetailsProduction Riser Details

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Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Topside(Slug Catcher & Separator)Slug Catcher

- Slugging can be caused by gravity difference, flow-rate diff d i li h i ht diff i lti l hdifference and pipeline height difference in multiple phase, especially vapor and liquid.

- Pig Launcher/Receiver- A vessel with sufficient buffer volume to store/drain the

largest slugs.

Multi-phase Separator - A large drum designed to separate production fluids into their

constituent components of oil, gas and water.- The three components have different densities, which allows

them to stratify when moving slowly with gas on top waterthem to stratify when moving slowly with gas on top, water on the bottom and oil in the middle.

- Any solids such as sand will also settle in the bottom of the separator.

- HP/LP/Test separators or 1st/2nd separator

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Separator DetailsSeparator DetailsSeparator DetailsSeparator Details

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Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)Vapor-Liquid Separator

- Called flash drum, knock-out drum, knock-out pot, compressor suction d d i l t ddrum and compressor inlet drum

- Called demister when used to remove suspended water droplets from streams of air

- Consists of Inlet diffuser/Mesh pad/Level control

LP CompressorsLP Compressors- Parallel & serial centrifugal compressors driven by Gas or Steam Turbine

OR Motor- Anti-surge/loading sharing/master performance control(CCC series)- Handle associated/wet gas in separators and stabilize Header pressure g p p

of HP or Injection Compressors

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Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)Topside(Gas: LP Compressor Details)

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Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)HP or Injection Compressors

- This is most dynamic and important k i ff h d FPSO

Topside(Gas)Topside(Gas)

package in offshore and FPSO- GIC(Gas Injection Compressor) is the

biggest vendor package- HP Compressors has only purpose of

ti d t th t i l/fl t kexporting dry gas to the terminal/flare stack- Injection compressor has both purposes of

exporting dry gas to the terminal/flare stack as well as subsea wellParallel & serial centrifugal compressors- Parallel & serial centrifugal compressors driven by Gas or Steam Turbine or Motor

- Anti-surge/loading sharing/master performance control(CCC series)Glycol dehydration between compressors- Glycol dehydration between compressors to convert wet/associated gas to dry gas

Other Process Units- VRU(Vapor Recovery Unit)- OHC(Over Head Compressor)- Amine Plant for FG sweetening

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HP or Injection Compressor train DetailsHP or Injection Compressor train DetailsHP or Injection Compressor train DetailsHP or Injection Compressor train Details

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Topside(Gas Overall w/ GlycolTopside(Gas Overall w/ Glycol DehydDehyd ))Topside(Gas Overall w/ Glycol Topside(Gas Overall w/ Glycol DehydDehyd.).)

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Topside(TEGTopside(TEG RegenRegen., Glycol Dehydration)., Glycol Dehydration)Topside(TEG Topside(TEG RegenRegen., Glycol Dehydration)., Glycol Dehydration)

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Topside(Oil)Topside(Oil)Topside(Oil)Topside(Oil)HP

Separators or

LPSeparatorsor

1st Separatorsor

Test Separators

Separators or

2nd Separators

Stabilizers Cargo TKs

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Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)Topside(Conceptual Seawater Treatment)

HPSeparators

or 1st Separators

VRU GIC

orTest Separators

Flotation Unit Process TKs Cargo TKs

LPSeparators

or 2nd Separators Seawater Lift

(Filters Minox)Seawater

Injection Pumps(Filters, Minox) Injection PumpsSand

Seawater

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Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 1)

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Topside(Topside(HydrocycloneHydrocyclone –– Flotation Units)Flotation Units)Topside(Topside(HydrocycloneHydrocyclone –– Flotation Units)Flotation Units)

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Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)Topside(Seawater Treatment Schematic 2)

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Hull side(Overall)Hull side(Overall)Hull side(Overall)Hull side(Overall)

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HullsideHullside (Cargo Loading)(Cargo Loading)HullsideHullside (Cargo Loading)(Cargo Loading)

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HullsideHullside(Cargo Offloading)(Cargo Offloading)HullsideHullside(Cargo Offloading)(Cargo Offloading)

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HullsideHullside(Ballast Tanks)(Ballast Tanks)HullsideHullside(Ballast Tanks)(Ballast Tanks)

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HullsideHullside Process(Cargo Offloading)Process(Cargo Offloading)HullsideHullside Process(Cargo Offloading)Process(Cargo Offloading)

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HullsideHullside((COW:CrudeCOW:Crude Oil Washing)Oil Washing)HullsideHullside((COW:CrudeCOW:Crude Oil Washing)Oil Washing)

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Floating LNG(To be continued???)Floating LNG(To be continued???)

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Floating LNG(To be continued???)Floating LNG(To be continued???)C3/MR Simplified Process Cascade Simplified Process

APX Simplified Process Shell DMR Simplified Process

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