o.i. - WordPress.com piece of string wraps around a cylinder 8 times. Nov 2001 No.1 string __...
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Transcript of o.i. - WordPress.com piece of string wraps around a cylinder 8 times. Nov 2001 No.1 string __...
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J;)H~SICSo.i.
Topic Page
1. Measurements. 12. Kinematics. 173. Forces - Moment. 254. Forces - Stretching. 375. Forces - Pressure. 436. Energy. 517. Thermal Physics. 638. Waves and Sound. 889. Light Waves. 10210. Magnetism & Electricity. 12411-. Atomic Physics. 185
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General Physics
MEASUREMENTSPhysics O.L. .
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1. A piece of string wraps around a cylinder 8 times. Nov 2001 No.1
string
__ cylinder..-
Fig.1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows the string laid along a 30 cm rule.
string
/I5
I '10
I '15
i20
Fig.1.2
(a) How long is the string?length of string = 16 cm [1 J
(b) Calculate the circumference (distance once round) the cylinder.
circumference of cylinder = 2 cm [2]
2. A wheel is rotating at approximately 2 revolutions per second.-----~ - Nov 2003 No.2
Describe how you would use a stopwatch to measure as accurately as possible the time forone revolution of the wheel. Make sure you include all the relevant information .
......HaKe......o......'C.d:~(Q ....mQx:l6. ....on w.he.e..l .....( ..O'r.L....bo11P.m
..........O:c..~.p..)..7 ·.S..t9r.t. t~'m.;ilj ~ l.A~.\~ stop...wcdch
.......... t,.v. h,e,n ~ ..{Y\C!d(~ ~o..5.Se5 d.QJv.m v..~~,..Jmeasure.
..........~~ ...t,t1)e. fD.r. ai ~.$..t. ~Q r..o.~.s C\MCLS.tor
...........~tov.lJIa.tdl j ciA~v..lCl..L:m9. br Il-tOJ1\~ ..of [5]
~Y"\
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3. In an experiment to find the density of some oil, a student takes the following readings.
-500-400-300-200-tOO
Nov 2002 No.4
mass of empty measuring jug = 610g
Fig. 4.1
oil -.100-300-200- tOO
mass of jug containing 500cm3 of oil = 1020g
Fig. 4.2
(a) (i) Calculate the mass of oil in the jug.
masS.:::. 102..0- G'0
mass of oil = ~JO 9
(ii) Calculate the density of the oil.
j)e.Vlsi f1:; maSS' .z: b! 0, volvlfJe. 500 density of oil = Q/j..~ 3/Crn'3
(iii) How could the volume of the oil be more accurately measured than with themeasuring jug?
~U$('9M~~~;:3u~~nrkr.·i7i(b) Water is more dense than oil.
On Fig. 4.3, mark approximately where the surface of the same mass of water would beif it replaced the oil. [1]
level .of oil _
Fig. 4.3
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3. A person winds some thread tightly 4 times round the length of a metre rule and cuts theends off level with the left-hand end of the rule, as shown in Fig. 1.1. r-----------..
June 2003 No.1
ends cutoff here
'~~/~t~hread~~~/~1m rule
\k= IFig. 1.1
(a) To the nearest metre, what is the length of the thread?
......~ m[1]
(b) Is the actual length of thread slightly greater or slightly less than your answer to (a)?Tick one box and give your reason. .
slightly greater Ikj slightly less Dreason ~~ i.~ som.e S+O~t1j ~.r.OUYl.J..1i1~eyt~
..(l...thrJ....f..W.~7..~ .th.~...n~.l.t...bat.~.-'O.u.t~.....~".k~J..[1]
4. (a) An unopened bottle of olive oil hasa mass of 0.97 kg. The empty bottlehas a mass of 0.51 kg.Calculate the mass of the olive oil.
June 2003 No.3
a."Ole
oeN0"
0.97kg
Fig. 3.1
0.51 kgO.q1- - 081 ::Ot4~
mass of olive oil = "~ ..'1.6.: kg [2]
(b) The olive oil is poured into three 250cm3 measuring cylinders. The first two cylindersare fillef;i to the 250 cm3 mark. The third is shown in Fig. 3.2.
HANY EL-GEZAWY ••O.L. PHYSICS
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(i) What is the volume of the olive oil in the third measuring cylinder?
volume = ..1.5. cm3
(ii) Calculate the volume of the olive oil in the unopened bottle.
VT::: 2SO + 2sa tIS
volume = ?J5 cm3
(iii) Calculate the density of the olive oil. Express your answer to 2 significant figures.
de.V\S;~ :; yY)QS5 = ~60 :::O.t:j9J2volvm~ 515 C" I':::.O. ~cr to 2 J.~.
density = .....O..·.$..~.....91Y.J[7]
6. The clock on a public building has a bell that strikes each hour so that people who cannotsee the clock can know what hour of the day it is.At precisely 6 o'clock, the clock starts to strike. It strikes 6 times. June 2004 No.1At the first strike of the bell, a man's wrist-watch is as shown in Fig. 1.1.
7 6
Fig.1.1
When the bell strikes for the sixth time, the wrist-watch is as shown in Fig. 1.2 .
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Fig.1.2
(a) Calculate the time interval between the 1st strike and the 6th strike.
.. 1- 10time mterva -.. .. 5 [1;
{b) Calculate the time interval between one strike and the next.
I () 5t..c.<:) -rJ \=5 ;Y1~t
time interval = 2 5 [2j
(c) At precisely '11 o'clock, the dock starts to strike.Calculate the time interval between the 1st strike and the 11th strike.
time interval = .:<0 s f21
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7. (a) A measuring cylinder contains 1.00 cm3 of water. 20 cm3 of the water is poured into abenker.
On Fig. 1.1, mark the level of the water left in the cylinder. [2]
100June 2005 No.1
50
(b) A rule. calibrated in ern, is placed alongside the measuring cylinder, as sho ••m in Fig. 1.2.
5
cn~
10015
1050
Fig.1.2
(i) \oVhat is the length of the measuring cylinder, from zero up to the ·100cm3 mark?
..................................................................................... .l.G CA1l .(ii) The volume of a cylinder is found u~ng the equation
volume = cross-sectional area x length.
Calculate the cross-sectional area of the measuring cylinder.
Cv-oSS Se.C-~boa.((A1/'tCA-::l Va\ JQQ... - b.2~~~ 16-
across-sectional area = .....~ ..'..1..?. ...~ ...
[51
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8. Fig. -'.1 shows tile top part of a measuring cylinder containing some liquid. Nov 2004 No.1
cm3 ~//,
I
100/
// \@---:,: !.----.~
, II 90/
/I
~I
80 liquid
Fig.1.1
(a) What is the volume of liquid in the measuring cylinder?
volume = 96 cm3 [1]
(b) Fig. 1.1 indicates four ways the observer's eye could look when taking the reading fromthe measuring cylinder. Put a circle around the eye position that gives the correctreading. [1]
(e) In order to fill the measuring cylinder LIP to the 100 cm3 mark, 80 drops of the liquid areadded to the liquid already in the measuring cylinder.Calculate the average volume of one drop.
Vo\ =. /00 - "Ib
Vo\ J ':>Y'l7OV\J. drof>= ~ = 0.05SO
average volume of a drop = OLO.~ cm3 [4]
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9. A packaging company purchases corrugated cardboard boxes in which to pack its goods.The boxes are not made up when they are delivered, but are flat, as shown in Fig. 3.1
Nov 2004 NO.3
Fig.3.1
(a) A bundle of these boxes measures 0.60 rn x 0.50 rn x 0.20 III and 1185 a mass of 7.2kg
(i) Calculate the volume of the bundle of boxes.
Vb\ _. L >( \,.J h.:::: O. b X ". S X 0, ~ 3
volume = .D!O.b M [3]
(ii) Calculate tile density of the corrugatecl cardboard.
de'fls~+1:::' MGU$lvo'IJ~::: -=to '2/ 0.06 density = J~O ~lm.3..[4l
(b) Corrugated cardboard is made up of 3 sheets of thick paper stuck together. Fig. 3.2shows an enlarged view of the edge of a sheet of corrugated cardboard.
Fig.3.2
(i) Here is an incomplete sentence about the paper.
The density of the paper is that of the corrugated cardboard.
Whicll of the words below correctly complete the sentence? Tick one box.
greater than [i2j the same as D less than D(ii) Explain your answer to (b) (i) .
...BeccuJst. Ot. th(. cur in ~ .c.O~~~ .
..CAal~f."d ..(~s..lIo1...;'ft~.~$..¢f.J d~$'i!J...te~a.s~
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10. Fig. 2. -I is a full-size diagram of a rectangular block. June 2006 No.2
B
Fig.2.1
(a) Use your rule to measure the lengths of the three sides AB, BC and CD. Write yourvalues below, in ern, to 2 significant figures.
length of AB = h.·.~ cm
length of BC = :;.~.O ern
length of CD = !'-#.5 ern [2]
(b) Write down the equation you would use to calculate the volume of the block. Do notattempt a calculation.
or-Yo\umC,.Vofv f't"4t. =
¥ ABL
)( ec)( CD~ B X h.
[1]
(c) If you used your values from (a). what would be the unit for the volume of the block?
. _ em3 _unit of volume - [I]
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11. Fig. 3.1(a) shows a measuring cylinder, containing some water, on a balance. June 2006 No.3
Fig. 3.1 (b) shows the same arrangement with a stone added to the water.
measuringcylinder _ --------.
water <,
balance
+- reading P
+- reading Q
reading R reading S(a) (b)
Fig.3.1
(a) Which two readings should be subtracted to give the volume of the stone?
reading p and reading e [1]
(b) Which two readings should be subtracted to give the mass of the stone?
reading 'R and reading S [1]
(c) In a certain experiment,
mass of stone = 57.5 g,
(i) Write down the equation linking density, mass and volume.
volume of stone = 25 cm3
(ii) Calculate the density of the stone
[1]
'D.:: !:!lV :: ill: 2.3 31W25density of stone = 2,..).3/cJ (3)
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12. The mechanical stop-clock shown in Fig. 1.'1has June 2007 No.1
a seconds hand, which rotates once every minuteand a minutes hand. which rotates once every hour.
reset60
45 15
__ minutes hand
__ seconds hand'-..----lr-----,
30
Fig. 1.1
(a) A stuclent uses the clock to time the intervals between trains travelling along the railwaypast his school.
He sets the clock to zero (both hands vertical).
As train 1 oasses. he starts the clock and leaves it runnino.
~ Attc.t 35 $1 trcv:(l2. PClS$-t..s <:-- -- -60
Fig. 1.2
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(b) Train 3 passes the school 4 minutes and 55s after the clock was started.
On the blank face of Fig. 1.3, show the positions of the hands of tile clock as train 3passes. [2]
Fig. 1.3
'-i : 55o ~35L,:20
(c) Calculate the time interval between train 2 and train 3.
time interval = ... 4.....min .. .20... s ['I]
13. Some fat purchased from a shop is supplied as the block shown in Fig. "10.-1.
Fig. 10.1
Use the information in Fig. 10.1 to calculate
(a) the volume of the block,
vol'!:;Lx.b"k::. \0)( 4)( 6,5
[Total: 5]
Nov 2005 No.10
volume = .~.6..o. cm3 (2]
(b) the density at the fat. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
'D:Hlv== 2C;Q + 2£0-::.D.Q', 53i = o,C,6 (2 s..fJ
O.L. PHYSICS ••HANY EL-GEZAWY
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14. A worker on the production line in a factory is making brackets. An inspector times theworker whilst he makes 5 brackets. To start, the stopwatch is set to zero.
Nov 2006 No.1
After 5 brackets have been made, the stopwatch is as shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig.1.1
(a) State tile reading on the stopwatch.
reading = 5.5 s ['I)
(b) Calculate the time taken to make 1 bracket
J- 55,'5 :: II5
time taken = ..11. S (2)
(c) The worker has a target of making 300 brackets per hour.
Does the worker meet his target? Tick one box and show the working which led you toyour answer.
1300
\ ~ boX60.::: 3~OO s
11 s3300s
--- -;;-0
Does the worker meet his target? Yes [2JD [4]No
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15. Fig. 'I. 'I shows some liquid in a measuring cylinder. The metal can next 10 it has a cross-sectional mea which is four times that of the measuring cylinder
cm3
100measuring 90cylinder ___
8070
50 metal~can
40 ,~
liquid /' 3020'10
Nov 2007 No.1
Fig. 1.1
(a) State the volume of the liquid.
volume = 6.0 cm3 ['I]
(b) TI1e liquid is poured into the metal can.
On Fig. '1.1, draw the surface of the liquid in the can. [2]
(c) Complete the following sentence.
The pressure of the water at the bottom of the can is u.~.s. thanthe pressure that the water had at the bottom of the measuring cylinder. [1]
(-fYom (h.3)[Total 4]
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16.(a) (i) Figs. 1. 'I and 1.2 show the dimensions of a rectangular block being measured lIsing a
ruler. They are not shown full size.
Use the scales shown to find the length and the width of the block, giving your answersin ern ..
Nov 2010 No.1
length of block ... 6.....ern (1)
I I I I I I I I I I
140 '150 '160 170 180 190200 210 220 230 240 250millimetres
091· OSI, 0171. O£I. on O~~' oor 06 09 OL 09 0<;1iI1111111111111111111 Ii111111111111111111111111111 iI11111111111111111111111111111 Ii11111111111111111 illIlIlllllllIllll
Fig. 1.1
0 N...•.-C> 0
0 NN-co 0
0 N•.... W0
0 N~-<0 3 00 = NU') ~f ~-0
~ N
"" co Ol-V> 0
0 NM "-l-
00 N
CDN 00 N".. ~-
8-Fig. 1.2
width of block 5 em [1}
(ii) When the block was made, it was cut from a piece of metal 2.0 ern thick.-Calculate the volume of the block.
Vo\ = Lx b x kb){ 5><2 .: 60--
volume = 60 cm3 (2)
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~~~""~"'"""~" ~ c- ~""~"f.<J""<. . '" '-If" ~ ~ . - Y;..<,., ..-~<:-.
~.CLAS~IFliD·PAPER 2 ." MEASUREMENTS' " " .. ,.•. -<:. .:::.. ."!,f,.if~:;.$. .~. •
(b) Another block has a volume of 20cm3 ..-s=a
Fig. 1.3 shows the reading when the block is placed on a balance.
grams
Fig. 1.3
Find the density of this block.
=_'5_3_ :.20
~.65
density = ~.'.~? 9.ICm~ [4]
[Total: 8]
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General Physics
KINEMATICSPhysics O.L.
HANY EL-GEZAWY
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1.Fig. 3.'1 shows the speed-time graph of part of a short journey made by a cyclist.
25 June 2004 NO.3
speed 20 P Qnvs
~I15 ,,/~/ I
, ,/' // I"."10. I,- /1
015 ...-",/ / I
...•.'~ /':
O· / R
0 to 20 30 40 50 60 70 !YO 90 100
timers
Fig.3.1
(a) \lVhidl part of Fig. 3.1 shows lNhen lhe cyclist is trnv.elling at constant speed?
.. . __"" .______.P:Q. ..__.:'..k. h or i.zo.otal.__poY1__.~ __ [·1]
(b) State \III'I1atis happening during the rest of the journey shown in Fig. 3. 'I .
..........................de.cel.~Q.o. ~CktarJ8·i~····$f~uJ..~ [1J
(c) (i) Calculate the distance travelled duri n9 the first 50 s.
d;.stante.. z: Qlf'e~ uncte..rs9r~ distancetravelled= .l.OO'.Q rn;:: x'n; 0)(20
(iii) Calculate the distance travBlIed between 50 sand 100 s.ellSrc,AVlUl. ::::. orr.~ uvd.w 9r-cf\..
=- ~ X bX k ::I' -$: )( 50 )( 20 distance trav-elled = ~.Q.Q III
(iii) Calculate tt1e total distance travelled.
lotol c\i.s+Qn~=- ~ + ~ = 1000 +- 500
total distance travelled = 15.QO m
(iv) Calculate the average speed during the lOO s,
.average speed = .15 mls(8]0'1/. sp~a.:-rotal ctistzmu
'"'ra1et ( "t.inR
_ 1500 _=\5 'MIs100
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2.Here are two statements made by people who haven't learned their Physics very well.Each statement is incorrect. In the space alongside each statement, say what is wrong withthe statement
[ June 2002 No.1 1statement what is wrong with this statement
'The weight of this bag If..e we.fjht i$ I\ot Mt.a suttdof peas is 1 kg." 1'1\. ~-' ~ Ihs iW'l (leW'tCl'lS
1. k-,9 - 10 N-'The mass of this object ~~ MQ!lS i~d\ ~~e.re.nt-fYt,rnis another name for its w~,~t ~ tweight."
M(;lSS ,'s tht. t)'fY\OUl"lt 0 ••••'
W6jkt ,''!a ~ ~'{'U !.l~ ----
[2]
3. A boy cycles a distance of 960 III from home to school in 8.0 minutes. Nov 2010 No.2
(a) Calculate his average speed for the journey.
()''fbrtJ.'t! ::.~cA:: ~,.J, c1'~~~ ::tot~ tiM-t
::::2 rnls
average speed = 2 m./S [4]
(b) The journey is all along a horizontal road. At the end of tile journey the boy is tired because ofthe work he has clone.
Against which force has this work been done?
.................................{; .•c.tion or ai,. re5~sto.Y)~. [1]
[Total: 5]
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4.A boat sails along a river, stoppifl9 at various places along the way. Fig. 2.'1 shows how thespeed of the boat changes during the day, starting at 0900 hrs and reaching its finaldestination at 2100 hrs.
June 2005 No.2
o0900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100
time of day (24-hoUf clock)
Fig.2.1
(a) Calculate how long the whole journey takes.
2100 - qOO ~ \200 _'2 :DOtime taken = 12 hours (2)
[b] State the time of day at which the boat reaches its greatest speed.=time of day = 15':.0..0 [1]
(c) State the long.estli.!,!!e for which the boat was stationary at one place.
tonqest time = 1 hours ['II
(d) If the speed axis had values marked on it, state
(i) how the gr<lpn could be used to find the distance travelled between 0900 hrs and1130 hrs,
......C~to.~a.Q£__.f\r.si__.t~;~m __ __ .
......---- ---- ----~Cti:ta----u~--8. ~.~ =--d;~~t\Ct.--.(ii) how the average speed for the whole joumey could be found.
~ o1J OA.i:>tOl\(· dl\l..lr:b. ~ ~1J..:tim~: .__ __.. ..__d;st~.~&./12..h---- --.-.------..-- .
[31
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5. In a training session, a racing cyclist's journey is in three stages. June 2007 No.2
Stage 'I He accelerates uniformly from rest to 12 m/s in 20 s.
Stage 2 He cycles at '12m/s for a distance of 4800m.
Stage 3 He decelerates uniformly to rest.
The whole journey takes 500 s.
(a) Calculate the time taken for' stage 2.
tl~: d\~tQ - LtiOt) 00Speed - 12. time = .~ s [2]
(b) On the grid of Fig. 2.1, draw a speedftime graph of the cyclist's ride. [3]
speed IIII I s '10 -f-t-l++-+-t++++-l-++++-If-+-t++++++++-+++++-+-t++++-ll-++++Ilt-t++t+-+++t+-l
o ~ 500(c) Show that tile total distance travelled by the cyclist is 5400m.
cV~~ L10b.. = Q~ U.,dAr 9y-~h=(} (h X h )-r (L )I.. W).•.('s: ~b x"):. 1'20 1- Lt ~OO + L..t CZ30 ::: 5lt OD ft'\
(d) Calculate the average speed of the cyclist.
CA.\)- S~t'~J4 lot.,! 4's-\-e4 J:: 5LtODtof-,d tftNL 500
'100 200 300 400~
[4]
average speed = .10..8..m/s [2]
[Total: 1'1)
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6. Palm trees are growing every 25 rn alongside the highway in a holiday resort.Nov 2005 No.2
'1 2 3 4
Fig.2.1
The IGCSE school bus drives along the highway.
(a) It takes 2 s for the bus to travel between palm tree 1 and palm tree 2.
Calculate the average speed of the bus between tree 1 and tree 2.
ON ·S~~J - .sL .: ~ :. '2. 5,.---t 2.
average spe~d = .12.0.5 m/s. [4]
(b) It takes more than 2 s for the bus to travel from tree 2 to tree 3.
State what this information indicates about the speed of the bus.
----.--.S.\OW.id3-- ..do.~n--.----.( ..!>-p~td----.decr.ea.s:e~). [1]
(e) The speed of the bus continues to do what you have said in (b). State how the timetaken to go from tree 3 to tree 4 compares with the time in (b).
The time taken to travel from tree 3 to tree 4 is .. t'Y.lt):fe tban __.__.__the time totravel from tree 2 to tree 3. [1]
7. Some IGCSE students were asked to write statements about mass and weight.
Their statements are printed below. Put a tick in the box alongside each of the two correctstatements.
Mass and weight are the same thing.Nov 2006 No.2
Mass is measured in kilograms.
Weight is a type of force.
Weight is the acceleration caused by gravity. [2]
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8. Fig.3.1 shows the speed/time graph for a journey travelled by a tractor. Nov 2006 No.3
speed 6 9.".-- --.Rm/s
4
2 ----------------------- p
S50 170 200
timeis
Fig.3.1
(a) Use the graph to describe the motion of the tractor during each of tile marked sections.
::~~=~OR ._ _._. __ _.._ _<::Q~~.~t..sperl. ._._.._.._.._ _._._ __._RS __._._._.. ._.._.ckcebrati~.--.-l$\ow.,~-.d-o.um)...__[4]
(b) Wilich two points on the graph show when the tractor is stationary?
point D and point S_ p]
(c) State the greatest speed reached by the tractor.
greatest speed = .... 6.--....m/s ['I]
(d) For how long was the tractor travelling at constant speed?
at constant speed for .._TO._ .._.. s [°1]
(e) State how the graph may be used to find tile total distance travelled during the 200 sjourney. Do not attempt a calculation .
.............-]-~t!O-v..:t ..-.Qr.~ O.PQR.S. ~ar£4..tJf'Iiu.~r+11]
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9.A motorcyclist drives along a straight rood. Fig. 6.1 gives information about the first 10s ofhis ride.
Nov 2007 NO.6
startOm/s
after 5s9m/s
after 10s18m/s
~~--~~~------------~~~----
Fig. 6.1
(a} From the information on Fig. 6.1,
(i) describe the motion of the motorcyclist by ticking one of the folb.'ling boxes,
uniform deceleration
D[2]D [1]
constant speed
uniform acceleration
(ii)Ii
I'
••0 S 10
(iii)
estimate the average speed of the motorcyclist during the 10s,
do: 1)(IO~H? ••qo m:t.
fJ.I,/.v..nJ II!" G'Q"'" _ Co? W\/~-, 10
average speed = q m/s [1]
calculate the distance travelled during the 10s.
-r X tor X\O
distance travelled = 9.0 m {2]
(b) State vby the distance travelled in the first 5s is less than half of the distance travelledin the first 10s of the joumey .
...............................~ve;n. 5. . ~ i(}wec .
.................................................................................................................................... {1]
[Total: 5]
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10. June 2010 No.1
Imagine that you live beside a busy road. One of your neighbo.urs thinks that many of thevehicles are travelfing faster than the speed limit for the road.
You decide to check this by measuring the speeds of some of the vehicles.
(a) v\fIlich two quantities v.rillyou need to measure in o:rder to find the speed of a vehicle,and which instruments would you use to measure them?
quantity measured instn, ment used
dlsrancestopwaf~
[4]
(h) State the equation you would use to calculate the speed of the vehicle. If you usesymbols, state what your symbols mean.
v = d/tS~~ =- dJstat1Ct/~M~
(1]
(c) One lorry lravelsfrom your town to another town. The lorry reaches a top speed of90 km I h, but its average speed between the towns is only 66 kml h.
(i) Why is the average speed less than the top speed?
....~e. t.o.'(.ry...t-...d.Q;.~ Q.(ce1~a1f()(J ~d .
...........dec(...ler.-A.tlOA /" SO S.omt_ ('l.t~~.Q.l1~~ .
...............a:t:..Jowe 5?~Ltl or. er.ven Lottj ..S.to ~. [1]
(ii) The journey between the to'••ms takes 20 minutes.
Calculate the distance between the towns. '---"";> CzO/ '0 lv1oors)
distafl(R. ==- ,sp-t'd6 b x (20/~O)22. Km
x -ti~
distance = 22 km [3]
[fotal: 9]
HANY EL-GEZAWY O.L. PHYSICS ••
Hany E
lGeza
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