3/6/2017

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Who Is OSHA?

Who Is PERRP?

o Occupational Safety and Health Administration

o Public Employment Risk Reduction Program

o Both agencies are responsible for worker safety

and health protection.

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Priority Category of Inspection

1stRefusal to Work:Reasonable certainty an immediate danger exists

2nd

Fatality/Multiple Hospitalization:Reported to PERRP within eight hours; inspected

ASAP

3rd

Complaints:Worker or worker representative can file a complaint

about a safety or health hazard

4th

Compliance Assistance Inspections:Voluntary inspections encourage a pro-active

approach to addressing workplace hazards

PERRP Inspection Priorities

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What Is Enforced?

Regulatory elements of the PERR Act

o The federal OSHA regulations• 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1926 and 1928

o The FHWA, Manual on Uniform Traffic

Control Devices

o Applicable parts of Chapters 4167 of the

Ohio Administrative Code and Ohio

Revised Code• Workplace safety poster

• Injury and illness recordkeeping

ORC 4167.07

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Most Common Violations

o PERRP publishes a list of the most frequently cited standards on our website for the previous calendar year.

o This list can be a helpful tool for identifying potentially hazardous conditions.

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Recognizing Electrical

Hazards

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The Statistics

o On average…• one worker is electrocuted on the job every day.

• 3,600 workers experience a disabling injury.

• 4,000 workers experience a non-disabling injury.

o There are three main types of electrical injuries:• Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)

• Electrical shock

• Burns

What causes electricity related

injuries?

o Fire ignitiono Electric shocko Electric burns due to current flowo Arc flash

• Can result in radiant heat burns and thermal contact burns

o Arc blast• Can result in damage to sight, hearing, muscles,

skeletal system, respiratory system, and nervous system

o Secondary hazards

Electrical Shocko Received when current

passes through the bodyo Severity of the shock

depends on:• Path of current through the

body• Amount of current flowing

through the body• Length of time the body is in

the circuit

o LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD

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Dangers of Electrical Shock

o Currents greater than 75 mA*

can cause ventricular fibrillation

(rapid, ineffective heartbeat)

o Causes death in a few minutes

unless a defibrillator is used

o 75 mA is not much current – a

string of decorative light bulbs

uses 60 to 1500 mA!

* mA = milliampere = 1/1,000 of an ampere

Defibrillator in use

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

0.2

2.0

20

200

1000

50

mill

iam

pere

s

Volts

SHOCK POTENTIAL

MUSCULAR

CONTRACTION

3.0 SEC. FIBRILLATION

PAINFUL SHOCK

(Let Go

Threshold)

SLIGHT SENSATION

0.3 SEC. FIBRILLATION

Effects of Electricity on the bodyMilliampere Affect on Person

0.5 – 5 mA Tingling sensations

3+ mA Shock

10-15 mA Muscle contractions and pain threshold

20+ mA Respiratory paralysis

75-100+ mA Ventricular fibrillation (usually fatal)

2+ Amps Heart Paralysis

5+ Amps Tissue and organs start to burn

NOTE: Average electrical circuit breaker trips at 15-20 AMPS

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Electrical Burns

o Most common shock-related, nonfatal injury (2,000 workers receive electrical related burns each year).

o Occur when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintained.

o Typically occurs on the hands.o Very serious injury that needs

immediate attention.

Common Electrical

Hazards

29 CFR 1910.303

o Electrical equipment

was recognizably

hazardous because of

inadequate

mechanical strength

or durability of

equipment or guard.

PERRP

PERRP

PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.303

o Equipment was

corroded or had

inadequate insulation.

o Electrical outlets &

receptacles were arc

damaged.

PERRPPERRP

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29 CFR 1910.303o Electrical equipment did not provide practical

safeguarding for employees using or likely to come in

contact with the equipment.

o Electrical equipment was not used or installed according

to the listing and labeling instructions.

PERRPPERRP

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29 CFR 1910.303

o Service, feeder or

branch circuit, at its

disconnecting means

or overcurrent device,

was neither legibly

marked to indicate its

purpose nor located

and arranged so the

purpose was evident.

PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.303

o Clear working space about electrical equipment

was used for storage.

PERRP PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.303

o Electrical equipment was not protected

from damage

NEC Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed

Cable: Types NM, NMC, and NMS

334.15 Exposed Work.

(B) Protection from Physical Damage.

The cable shall be protected from

physical damage where necessary by

conduit, electrical metallic tubing,

Schedule 80 PVC rigid nonmetallic

conduit, pipe, guard strips, listed

surface metal or nonmetallic raceway,

or other means.PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.304

o Electrical polarity

of conductors was

reversed.

o Outlet device was

loaded beyond its

rated capacity.

PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.304

o Equipment ground connection was not

permanent, continuous and/or effective.

o Tool or appliance was not grounded or double

insulated

Double Insulated

PERRP

OSHA

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29 CFR 1910.304

o Exposed noncurrent-

carrying metal parts

of cord- and plug-

connected equipment

that may become

energized were not

grounded

OSHA

PERRP

PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.305

o Unused openings in

electrical boxes,

cabinets, or fittings

were not effectively

closed

o A pull box, junction

box, outlet box, or

fitting was not

provided with a cover

or canopyPERRP

PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.305

o Flexible electrical cord or cable was used as a

substitute for the fixed wiring of the structure.

PERRP

Coffee

Pot

Extension cord

attached to wall

and run around

doorway to

receptacle on

opposite side of

room

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29 CFR 1910.305

o Flexible electrical

cord or cable was

attached to the

building surface.

PERRPPERRP

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29 CFR 1910.305

o Flexible electrical cord was run

under a door, through window,

hole in wall, or concealed behind

a wall or ceiling

PERRPPERRP

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29 CFR 1910.305

o Lampholders

(fixtures/luminaries)

• Were used as a

receptacle

• Were not appropriate

for a damp

or wet location

PERRP

PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.305o Receptacles were not

appropriate for a

damp or wet location.

o Handlamps were not

equipped

with a guard.

PERRPPERRPPERRP

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29 CFR 1910.307

o Electrical equipment

installed or used in a

hazardous

(classified) location

was not approved for

the location

classification or for

the hazardous

properties of a

material present. Portable lighting unit/handlamp improperly usedin a hazardous (classified) location

PERRP

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Motor Vehicle Servicing Garage Classification Based on NFPA 30A

Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages

29 CFR 1910.334

o Equipment ground

conductor was altered

to prevent continuity

of connection.

o Equipment ground

conductor was

bypassed with an

adapter that

prevented continuity

of the connection.

PERRP

PERRP PERRP

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29 CFR 1910.332

o Unqualified employees: Employees who face a

risk of electric shock that is not reduced to a

safe level by the electrical installation

requirements of 1910.303 through 1910.308.

o Must be trained in and familiar with any

electrically related safety practices not

specifically addressed by 1910.331 through

1910.335 but which are necessary for their

safety.

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29 CFR 1910.333

o In general, employees may only work on or near

exposed deenergized parts.

o Conductors and parts of electric equipment that

have been deenergized but have not been

locked out or tagged must be treated as if they

are energized.

Fatal FactsCase Studies of Workplace Tragedies

That Could Have Been Prevented!

PERRP PERRP

PERRP

PERRP

Genie Industries, Inc.

PERRP

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Fatal Fact CT-002

o Volunteer was assigned

(volunteered) to repair a motor

vehicle.

o While working on the vehicle,

flammable or combustible

vapors were ignited by a

handlamp.

o Resulting flashover consumed

the individual while he was

apparently retrieving two

portable fire extinguishers.36

PERRP

PERRP

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Fatal Fact CU-001

o Facility maintenance worker

assigned task of pulling wire

for a new circuit in a 480V

electrical panel.

o Worker was unaware the

panel buss was energized.

o While pulling conductor

wires, worker’s head came

in contact with the panel

buss.37

PERRP

PERRP

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Fatal Fact CU-002

o Employee was setting up a

lighting table for indoor plants.

o Plants were set up on a metal

rack with attached fluorescent

lighting that had defective

electrical wiring.

o Lighting was used with a timer

and grounding adapter that

interrupted the continuity of

the equipment grounding

conductor.

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PERRP

PERRP

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Fatal Fact SV-002

o Three seasonal employees

were assigned to move a

portable goalpost to a

recreation field.

o While moving the goalpost

through a gate, the

uprights came in contact

with an overhead power line

resulting in the death of two

workers.39

PERRP

PERRP

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Fatal Fact SV-004

o Facility maintenance worker

was working on a stadium

sound system.

o Sound system was mounted

on a lighting tower in close

proximity to an electrical

transformer.

o While adjusting a speaker,

worker was shocked and fell

≈20 feet to a paved surface.40

PERRP

PERRP

PERRP

Compliance

Assistance

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PERRP

Compliance Assistance

o Requests for assistance demonstrate an

employer’s Good Faith effort to achieve

compliance!

o PERRP offers these risk reduction services

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TrainingSafety surveys

Health surveys

PERRP

PERRP

PERRP

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Compliance Services

o PERRP provides compliance services free of charge.

o Submit requests by mail, fax, or on BWC’s website: www.ohiobwc.com.

o You can also phone in a request to PERRP by calling the investigator/consultant in your area or by contacting the PERRP central office between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. at:1-800-671-6858.

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o BWC website: http://www.ohiobwc.com

o Ohio Center for Occupational Safety and Health

(OCOSH) courses

o OSHA website: http://www.osha.gov

o National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) – OSHA’s sister agency

o OSHA Training Institute Education Centers

o Doctors, nurses, other health care providers

o PERRP Compliance Investigators

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Other sources of information

More Information

Ohio Bureau of Workers’ Compensation

Public Employment Risk Reduction Program

13430 Yarmouth Drive

Pickerington, Ohio 43147

PERRP’s Main Number & Refusal to Work/

Fatality Hotline: 1-800-671-6858

BWC’s Main Number: 1-800-OHIOBWC

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