Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
-
Upload
john-graham -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
0
Transcript of Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
1/24
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
2/24
-This beautiful island contains 30 subtropical andtropical islands.
-It is an administratively part of Tokyo, located 1,000 kmsouth of the city.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
3/24
Climate
The islands are typically warm in the months of May-October and cool between
December-March.
Temperature: Warm/Cool
Humidity: Humid subtropical/tropical
Wind: 38 knots maximum
Precipitation: The islands receives about 48.4 inches of rain per year. Thats about
4.3 inches per month.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
4/24
Terrain
The Bonin Islands were formed over 40 million years ago by two plates (the Pacific
Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate) colliding and pushing land up to form an
underwater mountain range. Some parts of the mountain range extended above
sea level and were present islands. Over time, primary succession changed the
Bonin Islands to where they are today.
The island mostly has very poor quality soil since it is made up of an under watermountain range.
The inhabitants on the island can get water from many places:
Oceans: Rivers:
- Philippine Sea - Yatsuse R.
- N. Pacific Ocean - Sakkara R.- Shanghai R.
The island is made up mostly of igneous rock since it rests on top of a volcano
source. Some of the islands barely extend 6 feet-9 feet above sea level.
It has many beaches and coral reefs
Highest (volcanic) Point: South Iwo Jima Volcano (3,005 ft).
South Iwo Jima Volcano
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
5/24
Non Native Species
Many species non native to theOgasawara Islands have beenbrought here. Here are someexamples of some non nativespecies.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
6/24
Feral Goats
The feral goat is the domestic goat as it has grown in the wild. Feral goatsmostly come from Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Great Britain, Hawaii, the
Galapagos and many other parts of the world. When feral goats reach largepopulations in habitats that they are not adapted to, they sometimes becomeinvasive species with negative effects, such as removing types of vegetation. Butsometimes, they may become a natural component of the habitat, possiblyreplacing locally extinct wild goats. Feral goats are sometimes used forconservation grazing, to control the spread of scrub or weeds in natural habitatssuch as chalk grassland and heath land.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
7/24
Feral Cat
A feral cat is a descendant of a domestic cat that has returned to the wild. It is
similar to a stray cat, which is a pet cat that has been lost, except feral cats are
born in the wild. The offspring of a stray cat can be considered feral if they areborn in the wild.
In many parts of the world, feral cats are descendants of domestic cats that were
left behind by travelers or tourists. Because cats are not native to all parts of the
world, feral cats can cause harm to local environments by preying on local species.
This is especially true on places like Bonin Island where feral cats have sometimes
had a huge decrease of population effect on local fauna on the island.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
8/24
Black Rats
The black rat is a common long-tailed rodent. This non-species came from tropical
Asia and spread to the east in Roman times before reaching Europe by the 1st
century and spreading with Europeans across the world.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
9/24
Feral Pig
Feral Pigs are a species of the pig family. The species includes many subspecies. It
is the wild version of domestic pigs, an animal that was once domestic until it was
released into the wild again. Feral Pigs are native across much of Europe, and
much of Asia as far south as Japan and Indonesia. Populations have also been
artificially introduced in some parts of the world, mostly North and South America
and Australia.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
10/24
Bullfrog The Bullfrog is an aquatic frog and a member of the Ranidae family or
the True Frog family. It is originally from much of North America. Thisfrog is usually found near permanent water bodies, swamps, ponds,
and lakes along the water's edge. On rainy nights, bullfrogs travel
overland, and may be seen in numbers on roads.
Bullfrogs tend to live longer in warmer weather. They have been widely
introduced across North America.
However, it was never intended to spread to the west on the Bonin
Islands and Asia where some species reside today.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
11/24
Green Anoles
The GreenAnole is a lizard found primarily in the southeastern United States and
some Caribbean islands. It is sometimes referred to as the American chameleon
because of its ability to change color from brown bright green. But many lizard can
do this so the Green Anole is technically not considered a chameleon. Male adults
are usually 6 inches long in adulthood and it can weigh from 37 grams. But some
Green Anoles can grow up to about 8 inches long; this rarely occurs of course.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
12/24
Common Buzzard
The Common Buzzard is a medium to large bird of prey, whose range covers most
of Europe and goes into Asia. It is usually present all year, except in the coldest
parts of the year in the habitat it lives in.
It can vary from almost pure white to black, but is usually shades of brown, with a
pale 'necklace' of feathers.
It measures between 16 and 23 in in length with a 4354 in wingspan and a bodymass of 0.943.01 lbs.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
13/24
Snake-Eyed Skink
This small, slender lizard grows up to 5.9 in. long and lives in Eastern Europe and
southwestern Asia.
It is native to Greece
It is a shy and lives under stones and leaves in dry places, such as south slopes,
fields, and meadows. The skin is a bronze color, with dark sides. The eyelids are
immovable, like many other skinks.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
14/24
Native Species
As you can see, many specieswere brought to theOgasawara Islands. Now hereare some examples of actual
native species on the island.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
15/24
Japanese Wood Pigeon
The Japanese Wood Pigeon is a species of bird on the Ogasawara Islands. It is
found in China, Japan, the southern part of the Korean peninsula, Russia, and
Taiwan. It weighs at 1.2 lb and is 17 in long. Its natural habitats are temperate
forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is becoming rare due to
habitat loss. The species is in decline owing to habitat degradation, deforestation
and hunting. This Wood Pigeon is endemic to the Laurel forest habitat.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
16/24
Bonin White-Eye
The Bonin White-eye is a small yellow and grey bird that inhabits the Ogasawara
Islands of Japan. Until recently it was called the Bonin Honeyeater because of a
confusion of its true genus and family.
A distinctive feature of the bird is the white rim around the eyes, surrounded by a
black masking. Now its habitat is restricted to the Haha-jima Island. Until several
years ago it could also be found on Chichi-jima Island. Because of the bird's smallrange of habitat, its status is listed as "Vulnerable".
A subspecies, the Mukojima White-eye, is extinct.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
17/24
Bonin Flying Fox
The Bonin Flying Fox or the Bonin Fruit Bat is a species of mega bat. It is found on
four islands: Chichijima, Haha-jima, North Iwo Jima and South Iwo Jima in the
Ogasawara Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical forests. It is threatened by
habitat loss.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
18/24
Bonin Petrel
The Bonin Petrel is a seabird on the Ogasawara Islands. It is a small gadfly petrel
that lives in the waters of the north west Pacific and nests on islands south of
Japan and in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Its secretive habits and limited
range have resulted in few studies and many aspects of the species biology are
poorly known.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
19/24
Cyanthea metteniana
Cyathea metteniana is a species of tree fern that grows in the Ryukyu Islands,
Ogasawara Islands and Taiwan, where it grows in wet forest, forest margins, and
on hillsides. The trunk of this plant is up to 1 m tall, and 6-10 cm in diameter. The
stipe is brown to purple-black in color. It is covered in long, broad-based scales
that are usually multicolored.
The specific epithet metteniana commemorates pteridologist Georg HeinrichMettenius (1823-1866), who himself named several Cyathea species.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
20/24
Hirasea operculina
Hirasea operculina is a species of small air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial
pulmonate gastropod mollusk.
This is an endangered species.
This species is found in Japan and the Ogasawara Islands.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
21/24
Pseudomonas syringae (Bean Blight)
Pseudomonas syringae (Bean Blight) is a rod shaped bacterium with polar flagella.
It is a plant pathogen which can infect a wide range of plant species. It is unclear
whether these pathovars represent a single species.
Pseudomonas syringae
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
22/24
Land Snails
A land snail is a name for any of the various species of snail that live on land. Land snails are terrestrial
gastropod mollusks that have shells. Those without shells are known as slugs.
The majority of land snails have a lung and breathe air. A minority however belong to much more ancient
lineages where their anatomy includes a gill and an operculum. Many of these land snails live in habitats
or that are sometimes damp or wet, such as moss.
Land snails have a strong muscular foot. They use mucus to enable them to crawl over rough surfaces, and
in order to keep their soft bodies from drying out. Like other mollusks, land snails have a mantle and they
have one or two pairs of tentacles on their head. Their internal anatomy includes a primitive brain. In
terms of reproduction, the majority of land snails have a full set of organs of both sexes and most lay eggs
in the soil. Tiny snails hatch out of the egg with a small shell in place, and the shell grows spirally as the
soft parts gradually increase in size. Most land snails have shells that are right-handed in their coiling.
A wide range of different vertebrate and invertebrate animals prey on land snails, and they are used as
food by humans in various cultures worldwide, and are even raised on farms as food in some areas.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
23/24
Dangers to Ecosystem
The Bonin islands greatest danger to its ecosystem is the extinction of hundreds of
endangered organisms. The islands house over 400 critically endangered species .
Because the islands are so secluded and remote, it is nearly impossible to
introduce the animals and plants to new environments.
A great example of this is the Bonin Flying Fox. There are only 200 of the bats
suspected to be alive today and their numbers are declining.
Another great danger to this ecosystem is tourism. The Bonin Islands are a major
tourist hub. Some tourists are not aware of the fragile environment and can
damage their surrounding environment.
-
7/30/2019 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
24/24
Adaptations
Many of the plants and animals of the Bonin Islands have adapted to their
environment to help them survive. For example, the Sclerophyllus Scrub. This
plant has adapted to the subtropical environment by altering the shape of its
leaves to be broader, enabling it to catch and conserve more rainwater.