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Offshore wind technology, possibilities and trends
Madsen, Peter Hauge; Rasmussen, Flemming; Jensen, Peter Hjuler
Publication date:2009
Link back to DTU Orbit
Citation (APA):Madsen, P. H., Rasmussen, F., & Hjuler Jensen, P. (2009). Offshore wind technology, possibilities and trends[Sound/Visual production (digital)]. Risø International Energy Conference 2009, Roskilde, Denmark, 14/09/2009
Offshore wind technology, gy,possibilities and trends
Peter Hauge MadsenFlemming RasmussenPeter Hjuler JensenPeter Hjuler Jensen
Presented at Risø International Energy Conference 2009
Population centres often at the coast
17/04/2008Presentation name2 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Abundant resourceAbundant resourceEU27 power from the North Sea
17/04/2008Presentation name3 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
The wind pits of Europe – The North Sea
E ll t i d•Excellent wind resources 10‐11 m/s average
50-100mm/s average
•Manageable water depths
25 50m
p
•Large population densities around it 25-50m
•Vast in size
17/04/2008Presentation name4 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Available areas - Plans for future offshore wind f i D kfarms in Denmark
• Status 2008 3163 MW 423 • Status 2008 – 3163 MW, 423 MW offshore
• 2009-2012 additional 840 MW offshoreMW offshore
• Report on future Offshore sites, Update of action plan from 1997
• 23 Sites each 44 km2 for a capacity of 4600 MW Wind PowerP d ti 18 TWh j t • Production 18 TWh, or just over 8% of total energy consumption in Denmark or approximately 50% of Danish approximately 50% of Danish electricity consumption
17/04/2008Presentation name5 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
World market for wind energy – 2008 World market for wind energy 2008
Installed Wind Power in the World- Annual and Cumulative -
30,000 150,000
GLOBAL STATUS
20,000
25,000
ar
100,000
125,000
MW
GLOBAL STATUS• 28 GW installed in 2008• 122 GW installed in total
1% ff h 2008
10,000
15,000
MW
per
ye
50,000
75,000
Cum
ulat
ive • ~1% offshore 2008
• ~3.4 % offshore 2013• ~22 % in EU 2020 (40/180
MW)
0
5,000
1983 1990 1995 2000 2008
Year
0
25,000
Source: BTM Consult ApS - March 2009
MW)• 1.3 % of global electricity• Power-consumption
growing 3 3% per yearpdat
e 2008
growing 3.3% per year• Wind power growing 25%
per year• Installed power doubles
rld M
arke
t U
p Installed power doubles every 3 years
• Factor 10 in ~10 years• Goal 2020: 12 %, 1200
17/04/2008Presentation name6 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Wor Goal 2020: 12 %, 1200
GW
d l i
Short term
Key development issuesDanish MEGAVIND Strategy -June 2008
ffShort term• Cost• Reliability, maintainability,
avaliability
Offshore technology, aiming to:
– develop new concepts for electricalinfrastructure in offshore wind farms
y• Design conditions and process• Validation• Grid integration
– develop design procedures for the turbine, support structure and foundations to reducedesign uncertainty
– develop and optimze concepts for foundationsGrid integration
Medium to long-term• Cost
develop and optimze concepts for foundationsand installation, focusing on depths > 15m
– develop condition monitoring and data acquisition systems to map fault accorences
• Cost• Design methods• Upscaling• Larger waterdepth
and optimize O&M
– improve access and safety
– improve knowledge of geotechnics and • Larger waterdepth• Grid integration• New concepts
geophysics
– develop knowledge on materials with focus oncorrosion
17/04/2008Presentation name7 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
– develop optimal O&M strategies
Costs - Offshore wind farms
Wind Energy – The Facts, EWEA, 2009
17/04/2008Presentation name8 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Why Offshore Wind Differs fromTraditional Offshoread t o a O s o e
• Offshore Wind Turbines Characteristics– Highly dynamic responseg y y p– Strict eigen frequency requirements– Actively controlled load response– Wind and wake effectsWind and wake effects– Undamped cross-wind vibrations
• Design Considerations– 50-year return period on extreme event50 year return period on extreme event– Wind load dominated (water depth?)– Overall fatigue driven (incl. low cycle)
• Traditional Offshore Structures:• Traditional Offshore Structures:– Passive in their load response– 100-year wave load dominated
Build in structural redundancy– Build-in structural redundancy
17/04/2008Presentation name9 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Beatrice Offshore Wind Turbine - UK
Wind loads dominated by wake effects
CFD – Large eddysimulation
17/04/2008Presentation name10 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Influence of wind and wave directionality onfatigue loads at the mudlinefatigue loads at the mudline
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.4
omen
t ran
ge
0 8
0.9
1
1.1
norm
alis
ed e
quiv
alen
t mo
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1 H
z n
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Wave misalignment [deg]
dMx dMy
Normalised equivalent bending moment t th dli (f 0 33 H )ranges at the mudline (f=0.33 Hz)
17/04/2008Presentation name11 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Grid integration - Power fluctuations –2 casescases
800
400
500
600
700
wer
(MW
)
HRBHRA
Horns Rev B
Horns Rev A
Djursland Anholt O
Djursland Anholt P
0
100
200
300Pow HRA
HR2HR1Horns Rev
Horns Rev 2
Time
28/1-2000 29/1-2000 30/1-2000 31/1-2000 1/2-2000
800
400
500
600
700w
er (M
W)
DAPDAO
Horns Rev B
Horns Rev A
Djursland Anholt O
Djursland Anholt P
0
100
200
300Pow HR2
HR1Horns Rev
Horns Rev 2
Horns Rev A
17/04/2008Presentation name12 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Time
28/1-2000 29/1-2000 30/1-2000 31/1-2000 1/2-2000
Connection of offshore wind farmsConnection of offshore wind farmsRadial or meshed
Tradewind - Integrating Wind, Developing Europe’s power market for the large-scale integration of wind power, February 2009
17/04/2008Presentation name13 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Kriegers Flak new concept for offshore Kriegers Flak – new concept for offshore wind farm connection
Both transmission of power to land grid and exchange of powerexchange of power
Advantages:
Optimal regional economy
Improvement of market
Added security of supplyAdded security of supply
Demonstration of new technology
Pil t j t f th N th Pilot project for the North sea
17/04/2008Presentation name14 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Developments and innovationDevelopments and innovation
• Upscaling• Soft foundations• Floating• Combined wave and wind• Vertical axis
Gravity causes steadyloads
Aerodynamic loads are~cyclic
17/04/2008Presentation name15 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
UPWIND – EU Integrated project
Objective:Objective:Develop improved design models and verification methods for wind turbine components
• Very Large Wind Turbines
• More Cost Efficient Wind Turbines
• Offshore wind farms of • Offshore wind farms of several hundred MW
17/04/2008Presentation name16 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Up-ScalingThe wind turbines have 200820082008
250 m Ø
The wind turbines have increased in size – despitephysics
??????????????
Jos BeurskensJos Beurskens
Repower
Jos Beurskens
Repower
Jos Beurskens
17/04/2008Presentation name17 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
WG 4 Foundations and support structuresstructures
17/04/2008Presentation name18 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
UPWIND: Foundations and support structuressupport structures
Monopile Jacket Floating sparMonopile…..Jacket…..
Floating spar
17/04/2008Presentation name19 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Compliant structures: How do they work?
Design structure such Design structure such that:
Sw(ω)
1st
mode
2nd
mode
–1st mode ‘below’ wave spectrum
[m2s]
spectrum
–2nd mode ‘above’ wave 2 mode above wave spectrum 0
0f [Hz]
31.40
T [s]
0.03 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.22
15.7 10.5 7.9 6.3 5.2 4.5 [ ]
17/04/2008Presentation name20 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Concepts for compliant support structures for offshore wind turbines
??
Slender Guyed tower Buoyant towerArticulated
buoyant towerTower with mass trap
Compliant piled tower
17/04/2008Presentation name21 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Monopiley y y p
b S il dHYWIND concept by StatoilHydro
• 2-5MW pitch controlled windturbineturbine
• Floating spar bouy attached to three mooring lines
• Intended for water depths between120 – 700m.
• Demonstration project withSiemens 2.3MW 10km outside westcoast of Norway.
17/04/2008Presentation name22 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
i ll iHYWIND concept - installation
• HAWC2 was used for the design loads.
• Coupled version of HAWC2 pand SIMO/RIFLEX
• Stand-alone edition of HAWC2
17/04/2008Presentation name23 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Focus on the HYWIND concept: Vibration Focus on the HYWIND concept: Vibration modes.New vibrations mode occurs for the floating concept1. Horizontal translation (2 modes)0.01Hz2. Rigid body rotation, tilt (2modes) 0.035Hz3 Vertical translation 0 037Hz3. Vertical translation 0.037HzThese modes are more low frequent than the dominating
wave excitation.
F i il h t bi th l tFor a similar on-shore turbine, the lowestNatural frequency is1st tower bending 0 4Hz1 tower bending 0.4Hz
17/04/2008Presentation name24 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
SWAY concept• Downwind rotor• Wire construction to limit tower
load• Single tension leg (Stiff in Single tension leg (Stiff in
torsion)• Special joint bearing to avoid
b di i t i lbending in tension leg• Yaw bearing between tower
bottom and tension legg• Tower shape with non-circular
shapeG a it an ho s stem• Gravity anchor system
17/04/2008Presentation name25 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Blue H – the first floating turbineBlue H the first floating turbine
• Demonstration project 10km from coast of Italy ongoing• Very sparse information available, but turbine is small and y p ,
construction huge . . .
17/04/2008Presentation name26 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
id C bi d d i dPoseidon – Combined wave and wind
• Wave energy platform• Dimensions are very
large. Three turbines canproduce extra power produce extra power from wind – and contribute to the total damping of motiondamping of motion.
17/04/2008Presentation name27 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
Poseidon: Simulation results
Ongoing work:Ongoing work:
- HAWC2 is coupled to WAMSIM (Code for floating vessel motion, DHI)
- Full aero/hydro/structure simulation for floating platform with threeb l d
17/04/2008Presentation name29 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark
turbines are simulated.
Unlimited ressource for offshore wind energy
Conclusions
• Unlimited ressource for offshore wind energy• Rapid growth in installations• EU promotion of offshore developmentEU promotion of offshore development• Engineering challenges• Grid integration of offshore wind a challenge and an
f hopportunity for the power system• Offshore development the key driver for wind power
technology developmenttechnology development• Deep water concepts under way
• Offshore wind is just at the beginning – all options areopen
17/04/2008Presentation name30 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark