Offshore Switchgear
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Transcript of Offshore Switchgear
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Medium Voltage Switchgears for Offshore
Mario Haim
R&D Director
Medium Voltage Switchgears
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Schneider Electric 2- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Barrow (12)
Beatrice (6)
Robin Rigg (24)
Horns Rev 2 (14)
Gunfleet
Sands (10) Borkum West II (38)
Thornton
Banks (85)
Alpha Ventus (28)
Greater
Gabbard
(420)
Walney I+II (20)
Cote
D'Albatre
(16)
Rdsand (16)
Veja Mate (34)
Ormonde (90)
West of Duddon Sands (18)
Global
Tech (370)
Baltic II (30)
Riffgat (12)
Dan Tysk (24)
Meerwind (32)
Nordsee Ost (145)
OurOffshoreReferences
With WS market leader in 5 MW offshore Windturbines With GHA market leader in offshore substations
Moretha
n1500p
anelsoffsh
ore
inPrima
ryapplica
tions
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Schneider Electric 3- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Offer for any MV offshore application
GMA WS WI GHA
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Schneider Electric 4- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Agenda
Market trend
Wind park layout & Short circuit level
Requirements
Overvoltages & Insulation coordinationPreferred Solution
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Schneider Electric 5- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
MainareasforWindOffshoreinEurope
MorayFirth
FirthofForfh
DoggerBank
Hornsea
EastAnglia
Hastings
Isleof
Wight
BristolChannel
IrishSea
NorthSea
BalticSea
32GW25GW5GW
LeTreportFecamp
Courseuilles
Saint
Brieuc
SaintNazaire
6GW
18GW10GW5GW
6GW
*Capacityto
be
intalled
until
2030
*Capacitytobeintalleduntil2020
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Carbon Trust
Carbon Trust has brought together 8 offshore wind developers in ajoint
industry project
to work towards reducing the cost
of offshore wind
by at least 10% by 2015.
DONG Energy
EON,
Mainstream Renewable Power,
RWE Innogy,Scottish Power Renewables,
SSE Renewables
(formerly Airtricity),
Statkraft,
Statoil,
http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator
http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-acceleratorhttp://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator -
7/30/2019 Offshore Switchgear
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Market trend
Clear recommendation:
Go to 66 kV system voltage intower to
reduce costs
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66 kV in tower + substation
-tower switchgear at 66 kV-platform switchgear at 66 kV-transformer
at 66 kV
-cable at 66 kV
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Agenda
Market trend
Wind park layout & Short circuit level
Requirements
Overvoltages & Insulation coordinationPreferred Solution
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Source: http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator
http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-acceleratorhttp://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator -
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Schneider Electric 11- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
4 types of wind turbines
Induction
(asynchronous) generator
Vestas
(Neg
Micon), Siemens (Bonus)
Strong points:
robust and simple
Weak points: low efficiency (fixed speed), flicker, no
control of reactive power
Doubly-Fed induction generatorVestas, General Electric, Gamesa, Nordex
Strong points: variable speed (wide range), control ofreactive power
Weak points: produces harmonics (but only 25% of the
power goes through the converter)
Induction
(asynchronous) generator
with
slip control
Vestas
(for
US market), Gamesa (for
US market), Suzlon
Strong points:
variable speed (limited range), low
harmonics
Weak points: low efficiency, no control of reactive power
Variable speed induction or
synchronous generatorEnercon, Multibrid,
General Electric, Siemens, Clipper, Vestas
Strong points: total variable speed, control of reactive
power, fast answers to bad electrical conditions coming
from the grid
Weak points: expensive, huge size, produces harmonics
(100% of the power goes through the converter)
GENERATOR
INDUCTIONCOUPLING
CAPACITOR
BANK
G
CAPACITORBANKR
G
INDUCTION
COUPLING
Control
R
L2L1
CONVERTER
DC BUS
G
L1 L2
CONVERTER
G
8% of manufactured
No converter
Ageing technology
20% of manufactured
No converter
Ageing technology
42% of manufactured
25% power throughconverter
Main Onshore
technology
30% of manufactured100% power through
converter
Main offshore technology
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Schneider Electric 12- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Wind park layout & grid model for 66 kV
simulation
Based on the defined network architecture the
model was created
For this model a static simulation (short circuit
level) and dynamic simulation (transient recovery
voltage) had been done
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Schneider Electric 13- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Voltage / Power-Factor 33 kV vs. 66 kV
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Schneider Electric 15- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Static network simulation: Short circuit
level
The thermic short circuit inside the 66 kV networkarchitecture can be between 11,33 kA and 18,04 kA & 29,07 kAp and 46,24 kAp peak value for short circuit
Inside the tower the maximum thermal short circuit level is
between 10,94 kA and 17,13 kA & the peak value between
27,86 kAp and 43,17 kAp
A 25 kA System at 66 kV is fully
sufficient
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Schneider Electric 16- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Agenda
Market trend
Wind park layout & Short circuit level
Requirements
Overvoltages
& Insulation coordination
Preferred Solution
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Schneider Electric 17- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Key Requirements
Cost efficientSafety EnvironmentReliability
Offshore Wind Power
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Schneider Electric 18- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
General Service-Conditions for MV switchgear
according to IEC 62271
In principle indoor switchgear according IEC 62271-1
Offshore Conditions exceeding the normal-conditions
Standard -5.+40C, 24h average < 35C
Ambient air not polluted with corrosive materials like salt etc.
Relative 24h average humidity not exceeding 95%
condensation occasionally
Relative monthly average humidity not exceeding 90%
Reliability
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Schneider Electric 19- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Additional Challenges for the switchgear: Harsh environment
saline atmosphere
humidity
Corrosion resistive
Vibration due to operation of Windmill
Low temperature operation without external power supply
Operation starting at deep ambient temperature without any preload
(cold start)
Reliability
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Schneider Electric 20- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Reliability
Design responding to additional challenges
Gas Insulated Switchgearwith
Sealed Pressure System for Electrical active parts
Hermetical closed gas tanks
High-voltage parts are contained in a tightly sealed
stainless steel tank
Corrosion resistive components:
Drive for devices
Housing
Connections
LV-equipment
Vibration withstand
Vibration tests with dedicated frequencies
Low temperature withstand
Mechanical operations tests at low temperature
Dielectric performance at low temperature
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Schneider Electric 21- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Safety
Optimum safety of operation due to a complete interlocking system
Degree of protection: IP65
for the primary part
Personal safety due to Internal Arc withstand: IAC AFLR up to 40 kA
Switchgear tested and certified
according to IEC 62271
Design responding to safety requirements
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Schneider Electric 22- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Internal arc classification according IEC 62271-203
Internal arc events could cause effects like
pressure increase and burn through of enclosure
(no effect on personnel is considered)
Durations of 0.1 s up to 0.3 s are considered
(switch off by protection equipment)
No test procedure to qualify personnel safetyin high voltage standard
Safety for operating personal
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Schneider Electric 23- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Safety is no Option!
Internal arc test as Type Test according t0 IEC 62271-200Chapter 6.106
safety for personnel as important featureImproved safety for the operator (defined areas of accessfor the user)
Durations of arcing from 0.1 s up to 1 s are considered andtested (min selectivity)
All criteria to pass the test have to be fulfilled:
Doors / covers do not open
No fragmentation of enclosure No holes on accessible areas
Indicators do not ignite
Earthing
remains in service
Internal arc classification according IEC 62271-200
Design for safety according IEC 62271-200
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Schneider Electric 24- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Cost efficient
Size is Key!Less material
Less weight
Less space
Less volume inside the tower
Less transportation costs
Predefined interface between MV switchgear and:wind turbine
MV-cable
control and protection
Metering
mechanic
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Schneider Electric 25- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Cost efficient
Switchgear section preinstalled on base frame
Completely pretested in factory
Less transport efforts
Predefined interfaceNo erection on site
Commissioning of protection and control done in factory
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Schneider Electric 26- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Environment
No gas handling at site Space saving
due to compact design
Switching in Vacuum with Vacuum Interrupter
All materials are fully recyclable
At end of life time, the SF6 gas
will be fed into recycling process
hence
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no factory-special tool required for gas removal
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all gas tanks are equipped with a valve in standard use
Environmentally friendly construction
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Schneider Electric 27- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Agenda
Market trend
Wind park layout & Short circuit level
Requirements
Overvoltages
& Insulation coordination
Preferred Solution
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Schneider Electric 28- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Insulation level based on Ur=72.5 kV
Except
of IEC 62271-1 [1]
Usys = 66kV; = 10% Ur = 72.5 kV[1] IEC 62271-1: High voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 1: Common specifications, Edition 1.1, IEC 2011
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Schneider Electric 29- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Overvoltages mainly due to lightning strike orswitching operations (TRV) (IEC 60071-2)
Lightning strike mainly in overhead-lines
Switching operations, especially in case ofswitching inductive orcapacitive loads, e.g. cables
Overvoltages Insulation Level (BIL)
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Schneider Electric 30- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Transient recovery voltage
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Schneider Electric 31- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
LowerInsulation level requiredWith surge arrester installed directly at the switchgear(L=0),the effect of travelling wave can be disregarded. Thus, thesecond part of the equation will equal to 0:
BIL Ks Ures
As recommended in [2], Ks
= 1.15 should be applied as
safety factor for internal insulation coordination:required BIL for the switchgear
BIL = 1.15 x 3.33 x 72,5 kV = 277 kV
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Schneider Electric 32- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Transient recovery voltage
Excerpt
of IEC 62271-100
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Schneider Electric 33- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Transient recovery voltage
EMTP-ATP simulation in 66kV windpark with one wind turbine in operation, in parallelwith utility network M
BBAR FAULT
FEEDER FAULT
FAULT
UI
MODEL
TRVAux. TR
BCT
Y
I
Load-
flow
WT@5MVA
UI
3.3/66kV BCT
Y
400mm2
V
V
155/66kVBCT
Y
400mm2
Aux. TRBCT
Y
Utility data:
Ur (kV) 155 kV
Rated short-circuit power 9000 MVA
VCB
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Schneider Electric 34- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Transient recovery voltageTRV envelopes
for feeder fault
Uc
= 129kV and busbar
fault
Uc
= 114kV
(red) (green)
Conclusion: TRV parameters
are within
IEC 62271-100,
recalculated for rated voltage Usys = 66kV
69,55 69,68 69,81 69,94 70,07 70,20t.ms0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Uc.kV
63,470 63,616 63,762 63,908 64,054 64,200t.ms0
30
60
90
120
150
Uc.kV
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Schneider Electric 35- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
LowerInsulation level requiredMaximum voltage level for insulation
coordination including safety factor is
277 kV BIL
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Schneider Electric 36- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Agenda
Market trend
Wind park layout & Short circuit level
Requirements
Overvoltages
& Insulation coordination
Preferred Solution
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Schneider Electric 37- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
IEC 62271 differentiate between applications
(Transmission or Distribution) and voltages (IEC62271-200 vs. 62271-203)
Offshore application inside & between tower is
100% distribution
All benefits & requirements of distribution (IEC
62271-200) are mandatory
Preferred Solution What is really needed?
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Schneider Electric 38- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
66 kV switchgear acc. to IEC 62271-200
Reliability:
Fully tested
for required ratings (Ur
= 72.6 kV, BIL
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Schneider Electric 39- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012
Preferred Solution What is really needed?
Ratings
Requirements
Us
= 66 kV; Ur
= 72.5 kV
Cost efficient
BIL
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Schneider Electric Infrastructure EquipmentMario Haim R&D Director Rathenaustr. 2, 93055 Regensburg, Germany +49 151 14758993