Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian

Affairs

Humanitarian Disaster Management / Emergency

Response Mechanism

02 December 2009, Jakarta

Article One = the purposes of the UN:

– To keep peace throughout the world– To develop friendly relations between nations based on

the principles of equal rights & self-determination of peoples

– To promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms

– To be a centre for achieving these common goals

MAINMAIN

ORGANS OF ORGANS OF

THE UNTHE UN

SPECIALIZED AGENCIESSPECIALIZED AGENCIES

& OTHER ORGANISATIONS& OTHER ORGANISATIONS

Security Security CouncilCouncil

SecretariatSecretariat

General General AssemblyAssembly

Economic Economic & Social & Social CouncilCouncil

International International Court of Court of JusticeJustice

Trusteeship Trusteeship CouncilCouncil

S-GS-G

UN PROGRAMMES UN PROGRAMMES

& FUNDS& FUNDS

Basic organisation of the United Nations

The Emergency Relief Coordinator(GA Resolution 46/182, December 1991)

• Is USG for Humanitarian Affairs and heads OCHA;

• Processes requests from Member States for emergency assistance and Mobilizes emergency relief capacities

• Conducts pooling and analysis of early-warning information, joint inter-agency needs-assessment

• Facilitates negotiation on access to deliver aid;

• Promotes the smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation;

• Chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee;

• Manages the world-wide network of Humanitarian Coordinators.

Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform

OCHA was established pursuant to the adoption of the Secretary General’s Programme for Reform by GA Resolution 52/12 (12 Nov. 1997), which identified 3 priority areas for OCHA:

POLICY DEVELOPMENT, to ensure that all humanitarian issues are addressed;

ADVOCACY of humanitarian issues;

COORDINATION of humanitarian emergency response.

OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools • 24 hours Duty system24 hours Duty system

• Reliefweb.intReliefweb.int

• Emergency Cash GrantsEmergency Cash Grants

• Register of Disaster Register of Disaster Management CapabilitiesManagement Capabilities

• MCDA & MCDA & CMCoord*CMCoord*

• Brindisi Warehouse Brindisi Warehouse

• CAP sectionCAP section

•CERFCERF

• IRIN (IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks)Integrated Regional Information Networks)

• Humanitarian Info Centre *Humanitarian Info Centre *

*) UN Common services*) UN Common services

• UNDAC TeamsUNDAC Teams

• IHP Support modules (+)IHP Support modules (+)

• Standby PartnersStandby Partners

• IASC secretariatIASC secretariat

• On Site Operations Coordination On Site Operations Coordination centre ( OSOCC) in fieldcentre ( OSOCC) in field

• Virtual OSOCC (GDACS)Virtual OSOCC (GDACS)

• INSARAG SecretariatINSARAG Secretariat

• Disaster Response advisorsDisaster Response advisors

• Environmental Emergency Section Environmental Emergency Section

• Emergency telecomms*Emergency telecomms*

OCHA Tools

OCHA IndonesiaOCHA has been present in Indonesia since 1999 focusing on:

• Strengthening in-country coordination capacity in close collaboration with BNPB and other government agencies

• Monitoring, reporting and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies

• Coordinating and mobilizing humanitarian response

• Advocating humanitarian issues through various mechanisms

• Secretariat of Consortium for Disaster Education and UNTWG-DRR

• OCHA is embedded to RC/HC Office

Disaster Management Principles and Coordination

• The principle of liability;

• The principle of greatest possible similarity;

• The principle of lowest possible operational level,

What is coordination for?

• Avoiding duplication

• Ensuring coverage

• Speeding delivery

• Using facilities efficiently

• Prioritised needs addressed first

National National levellevel

Local Emergency Local Emergency Management LevelManagement Level

International International levellevel

Levels of coordination

OCHA’s Global Coordination Model

Disaster affected country

• National disaster relief coord.

• Embassies

• UN agencies’ reps.

• National Red Cross/Crescent

• National NGO’s

• Others (including private)

International response

• Donor governments

• Inter Governmental org.

•UN agencies

• Red Cross/Crescent family.

• International NGO’s

• Others (including private)

OCHA(IASC)

Information on needs & national response

Information onneeds/international response

Representative ofOCHA (ResReps/UNDAC)

ASSISTANCE

But the reality ?

IFRC

ICRC

CEDERAPNSs

WFPNGOs

UNDP

MIL

OCHAGeneva

HumanitarianCoordinator

AffectedAffectedPopulationPopulationAffected

Government

CIMIC

NationalRed Cross

USAID/DART

Ambassadors

DonorGovt’s

NGOs

Nationalmilitary

HCR

UNICEF

IGOs

OSSOC

UNDAC

MEDIA

Humanitarian Response Review in 2005 found:

• Well-known, long-standing gaps

• Unpredictable response capacity

• Weak partnerships

• Insufficient accountability

• Inconsistent donor policies

Humanitarian Reform: Building a Stronger, More Predictable Humanitarian

Response System

Three Pillars of Reform and The Foundation

CLUSTER APPROACH

Adequate capacity and predictable leadership

in all sectors

HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS

Effective leadership and coordination in

humanitarian emergencies

HUMANITARIAN FINANCING

Adequate, timely and flexible financing

PARTNERSHIP

Strong partnerships between UN and non-UN actors

For further learning: www.humanitarianreform.org

Inter-Agency Standing Committee Full Members and Standing Invitees

Full Members

Food and Agricultural

Organisation (FAO)

Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP)

United Nations Population Fund

(UNFPA)

United Nations High Comissioner

for Refugees (UNHCR)

United Nations Children’s Fund

(UNICEF)

World Food Programme (WFP)

World Health Organisation

(WHO)

Standing Invitees

International Committee of the

Red Cross (ICRC)

International Council of Voluntary

Agencies (ICVA)

International Federation of Red

Cross and Red Crescent

Societies (IFRC)

American Council for Voluntary

International Action (InterAction)

International Organisation for

Migration (IOM)

Office of the High Commissioner

for Human Rights (OHCHR)

Office of the Special

Representative of the Secretary

General on the Human Rights of

Internally Displaced Persons

(RSG on HR of IDPs)

Steering Committee for

Humanitarian Response (SCHR)

World Bank (World Bank)

Whose reform?

Cluster Approach• Cluster/Sector Working Group• Agriculture• Camp Coordination & Camp

Mgmt• Early Recovery• Education• Emergency Shelter

• Emergency Telecomms• Health• Logistics• Nutrition• Protection

• Water, Sanitation & Hygiene

Global Cluster Leads

FAOUNHCR (conflict) & IOM (nat. disasters)

UNDPUNICEF & Save the ChildrenUNHCR (conflict) & IFRC (as Convenor. Nat. disasters)WFPWHOWFPUNICEFUNHCR (conflict) / UNICEF (Disasters/ civilians from conflict or non-IDPs)UNICEF

Cluster Approach in Indonesia• Was activated during Yogyakarta and Central Java

Earthquake Response in 2006

• Contingency Planning using cluster approach. All clusters except Camp Management has been activated. Scenarios: large scale (major earthquake), medium scale (floods affecting some provinces) and full blown pandemic influenza

• Strengthen the cluster to respond the needs in West Java Earthquake - September 2009 and West Sumatra Earthquake - October 2009

Humanitarian Coordinators

• Establish broad-based humanitarian country teams

• Greater inclusiveness, transparency, and ownership in the appointment of Humanitarian Coordinators (non-IASC partners)

• RC/HC “score card”

• Training and Induction

• Support to HCs during emergencies and in transition

Actions to strengthen the HC system:

Humanitarian Financing

• Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) initiative• Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)• Other initiatives

These complement the existing:

• Consolidated and Flash Appeal Processes• Common Humanitarian Funds (CHFs), Emergency Response

Funds (ERFs), Operational Reserves etc

Accessible funds within 72 hours of a crises.

Actions to improve Humanitarian financing:

Partnership Building

The Government has primary role in organizing humanitarian assistance in a disaster (GA Resolution 46/182).

Sector/Cluster Lead responsible for promoting close cooperation and linkages.

Where appropriate, should promote training and capacity building.

Influenced by political and security situation.

No single humanitarian agency can cover all humanitarian needs

Guidelines on the use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief

(Oslo Guidelines, 1994, updated 2006)

Aimed to establish the basic framework for formalizing and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of foreign military and civil defense assets in international disaster relief operations.

Principles and Concepts

At the request or consent of receiving state

At no cost to the receiving state

In support of local emergency management

“Additionality/Complementarity” (Supporting)

Needs-based, neutral and impartial

Unarmed and in national uniform

Any questions ?Any questions ?