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MASTER ATOMICS INTERNATIONAL

A Division of North American Aviation, Inc.

N AA-SR-MEMO-3 701 This document contains L p a g e s

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LEGAL N O T I C E

This mport wos proparod os on account of Govomnont sponsorod work. Noithor tho Unitod %tor, nor tho Commission, nor my porson acting on boholf of tho Commission:

A. Makos any worronty or roprountotion, oxpross or inpliod, with rosp.ct to tho occumcy, complotaoss, or uufulnoss of tho infonnotion contoinod in th is report, or that tho US. of ony informotion, oppordus, mothod, or procoss disclosod in this roport may not infringo privotoly omod rights; or

B. Assums ony liobilitios with ro o ~ t to tho u w of, or for domagos nsulting from tho US. of informotion, appaatus, 4 or procoss disclosod in this roport.

As usod in tho abovo, “porson oeting on W o l f of tho Commission” includos any om- ployoo or contmctor of tho Commission to tho oxtat thot such onployoo or controctor poporor, hondlos or distributor, 01 providos occoss to, ony informotion purswnt to his omploymont or controct with tho Commission.

730-V-88 (REV 6 / 8 0 )

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ATOMICS INT€RNATIONAL A Division of North Americon Aviation, Inc.

2. Tube size and wall thickness, using a) SS 316 f o r superheater and reheater b) SA-213, 2$ C r - 1 no fo r boi ler and preheater

3. Approximate pressure draps on s t e m and water side.

4. Overall dimensions of units u8bg ver t ical , cylindrical shell type

5. Temperature diagrams for loo$ and 25% load points,

design wi th s t ra ight tubes between flat t u b e aheeta,

be based upon a sodim i n l e t teaperaturs of ll70 F, The latter shall

11. SIBMAW OF &SULTS AWD RECOMMEMIATIONS

The principal r e a ~ o n for t h i s study was t o establish approximate deelgn data for pre lh ina ry strose mmlyme and t o obtain general inforWation on t h i s type of high pm8sure-temparature unit as t o the appropriate tube SiZ08, temperature conditions, overall dimensions and nwubers of unite. The syefaa flaw diagram is 8howa in Fig. 1. h e t o the l u t e d tl.# allotted for t h i s study the above daa are not complete and no attsnpte have been made t o o p t b i e e the varlovs parameters. The ayetau preasum drop calculations have not been extended t o the aodium side. dmps on the s t e m and water side have only been calculated once and no investipations have been made on flat s t ab i l i t y problems under full and p a r t i a l load conditions. The tamperature diagrams for full load condi- t ions for steam generator and reheater are indicated i n Fig. 2,

In calculating the heat transfer and temperature conditions f o r the 25% turbine generator load point, lt w a s sssulned that the sodium inlet temp- erature would rise t o 1170 F. Stem and d u r n flow at th i s load point were calculated t o be approximately 31% of total .

The pressure

A s indiustsd fn tenperature &gram Fig. &, the eodiutn temperature a t the boiler inlet does not vary appr@i$bly fm a p p r m a t e l y 880 F mer t h e load range and for the control characteristic assumed. Therefore, it appear8, baaed on these two load poinla, tha t the temperature &nd streea propertlea of the tube material (a Cr-1 Ho) in the boiler section a re adequate for &ea* etate and transient conditione.

The important parameters and performance data calculated f o r description unite are as folloust I

1, Superheater

Heating Surface (effective) 470 tube6 - 3/b” OD, 10 BCJI), Ss 316 Shell Maraster :P Stem flaw t 530,000 lbs/hr Steam pressure a t SH out le t Pressure drop through SH t 70 ps i SOdiuM flow : 2.7 x lo6 lbs/hr Temperature at i n l e t I 1150 F Temperature at outlet : 883 F

t 5860 it‘ 2 61 ft low

t 2500 psia

687 03 730-V-45 (REV 3-59)

5701 - , / NQ. 9-19-60 bATE

ATOMICS INTERNAflONAL WGE 3 OF l8 A Division of North Amorkan Avkrtion, Inc.

2, Boiler 7

Heating Surface (effective) 1 4500 f t2 500 t u b a - 5/8n OD, 11 M., a Cr4 no, 55 ft long Shel l Mameter t 30 Steam flou t o water separator

Steam pressure at boiler out le t Prcsmre drop through boi ler section Sadina f l a w Temperature a t inlet Teapercatwe at outlet

t 540,600 lbs/hr

t 2600 psia I 48 p s i : 3.58 x lo6 lbs/hr : 067 F : 708 F

(includes 2% moisture)

3. Preheater

Heating Surface (affective) : 5260 ft2 500 tubes . 5/8n OD, l b IPJO, a Cr-1 Mo, 64 it long Shell Mameter t 30" Water flow t 5bO 600 lbs/hr Feedwater tmperature a t inlet Feedwater tmpsraturt at out le t t approxlmaply 673 F sodium flow I 3.58 x 10 lbrs/hr Temperature at i n l e t L 708 F Temprattare a t out le t : 600F

: S k O F

4. Reheater

Heating Surface (effective)

Shell Memeter : 38"

f &900 ft2 1165 tuba8 - 5/8" OD, 4 B@, SS 316, 22' l m g

Stem flaw : 870,000 lbs/hr S tem conditlom - Inlet S t e m concUtion8 - outlet t psia, lo00 F Stsea presmre drop through reheater : approximately 30 psi

s o d l ~ now Temperature at Inlet Teuperature at outlet

t 600 psia, 650 F

(not including connsctiing plping) : 1.61 x lo6 Ibs/hr t 11% F t 825 F

In view of tb probleras involved in designing of an once-thraagh s t e m generator system it is recommended that further studies be mode on:

& Prelrsure drop conditions un the eodim side over the load and tsmpera~urs range.

2. Two-phase f l a w s tab i l i ty problems l n the boiler section for f u l l and par t i a l load performance.

RQ-? n n 50-V-45 (REV 6-59)

NO. 5701 OAT€

9-19-60

ATOMICS INERNATIONAL PAGE OF 18 A Division of North Amdean Aviation, fnc.

3. Moisture separation equipment a t boi ler outlet ,

1. Perforname characterist ic of the steaa generator i n COnneCtrOn

5. Fast load response characteristics.

6. Important design detai ls such as tube-to-tube sheet welds, expansion

with various sodium aide and stern aide control systems.

joints, tube sheet designs, themal shields etc,

111. WFPHODS USED, DECFIPTION OF EQUIPf4ENT

The following describes briefly the calculation lnethods used t o establish the preliminary design parameters:

Total heat t o steam generators 5.13 x lo8 Btu& Steam generated, 530,OOO lbe/hr

,I) -Suporheatep - b -

a) Steam Conditione

p (outlet) = 2500 psia p ( in l e t ) .I 2600 psia (aesunred)

T (outlet) = 1050 F T ( in le t ) - 674. F

Heating Surface - U P h Ed&

b) Tuber s e i 3/kn tubes, SS 316 p (Design{ 0 2700 p l i g T (Design = 1175 F 'Pubes t o be i n accordance with ASYE *UnfiredPmssure Vessel Code", Section VII1,Selected: 3/&" OD, 10 &Tt, 0.13h" wall thickness

no-v-4s (REV 5-59) 587 05

ATOMICS INTERNATIONAL A Division of North American Aviation, Inr".- --

c) Velocity Conditions

Stem velocity at In le t VI 0 30 fpa (assumed)

No, of tubes = W x - 3 3 - 5 no00 x 0.1213 - 470 tubes & x 30 x 0,001268

0 3061 = 30 L = appr. 76 fpa 0,1213 Outlet velocity V2 = V 1 - v2

'1

Tube length: €is m 5860 = 63.5' *v 'DTo x 0.19'63

a) Steam Pressure D r o p (Superheater)

Fritssleh. Formula (Tube Turn)

~p = 21,082~ do85

Flaw in tuba = s30,000/ b70 m lq8 lbs/hr tubs lo6 dlre9?

p - 76 psi/lW ft of t u b

( t o t a l equivalent tuba length of superheater = 6t f t plus in l e t ami outlet lssselr 100 ft a s s a n d

e) Steam Heat Transfer (Si)

Third Edition

730-V-45 (REV 5-50 ) 687 ng

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ATOM ICs lNTERNATlOPIAL A Division of North American Aviation, Inc. -k

f ) Tube Sheet

6

sodium velocity

V = 2.7 x 106 - approx. 4.8 fpe 600 x 3.068 x 51 Selected: 5 fpe -

h) Sodlym 'Heat Transfer

Assunptiont Sodium flows parallel to tube bundle.

Hydraulic Dimster

F = % x S 2 - d 2 T b-

u - 2 (sl.d) + 2 (/-!dl + d T D Ir X 0.936 h T l+, - O.86r or 0,0712 it

730-V-46 (REV 5 - 5 0 ) P Q 7 17

f 'b.

ATOMICS INTERdAiIONAt A Division of North American Aviotion, Inc.

Heat Transfer Coefficient from "Unbaffled Shell" equation ( Donohue)

5-1 0.128 (0.86 x 516) 0.6

i) Overall Heat Transfer Coefficicbnt of Superheater

1 uo =

hO = 2710 Bfiu/ft2 hr F

r a o (fouling factor ., otttclid~)

= tube d l thickneas - o.Ooo86 =lI

0

conductivity

,

= 0,OOO~ (fouling facor on steam side) % This fouling faator is in accordance with the TIMA Standards, however, i e probably very coneemative.

m 783 Btu/ft2 hr hi

1

..

687 08 730-V-46 (REV 5-59)

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ATOM ICs INTERNATIONAI A Division ot North Amdcun Avidion, fnc.

NO. 5781 DATE . 9-19-60

PAGE OF

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U a v s 250 assuned 0

2. Boiler Section

Steam flaw: 530,000 l b s b

p (outlet) - 2600 paia, 2% moidhre

S&uw temperature at inlet - 867 F (After mixing with reheater return stream, see Fig. 1)

Zotal sodium flows 3-56 x lo6 lbe/hr t

*)Heating Surface

IMm = 93 \

- 159Op

F

T Y )- 950 F Tubes to be in accordanee with AsKlD "Unflred Pressure Vessel Code", Section VIIS Selected: 5/8" OD, 14 IWO, 0.083' wall thickness

IC) velocity Conditione8

Water enterinn8 530,oOO l b s b

Wa%er,velocity at inlet (crssumed): 8 fps

Outlet velocity v2: (Sat. steaa, 2g moisture)

730-V-45 (REV 5-59) R R 7

5701 NO. DATE 9°19-50

At'OMf CS INTERNATIONAL PAGELOF 18 A Division of North American Avlation, Inc.

Tube length: HS -1500 = 5s it T o x ftL

IT 500 x 0.1636

d) Pressure D r o p - Water Side

Solution for one-phase f law

-Lm

D i 9 0.459'

Fran "Tube Turn'' d i a g m , p. 262

p/100 f t = 15 psi (water 0-1 T o t a l equivalent tube length - 5s feet plus inlet and outlet losma = 100 i t (msulaed) Exit quality ($ vapaur by weight) = 9% Steam prcsssure - appr. 2600 pa-

cation with #IT, 1956, using Martinelli's corre-

!ho-phaeo pressure drop through boiler section

p = 15 x 3.2 - 48 p s i

m5.8 pressure drop may be hadequate t o prevent flav instabilities at larer loads and &ould be studied in detail.

On the ba8i8 of th i s heat flux, the ATPl = (Twpu-T-) for water boiling i 8 in the order of 2-6 P in accordance with diagrams. Fig. 4-8, 14-16, 14-27, HoAdaras, 1x1 Edition.

730-V-45 (REV 5 - 5 8 ) 5 8

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ATOMICS INTERNATIONA~**~ A Division of North Amoricon Aviation, fnc.

NO. ,5781

PAGE lo OF 18 DATE 9-19-60

Since the t o t a l temperature differenee between sodium and water w i l l vary from 35 F t o 194 F over the length of the boiler section, considerable local change6 in heat flux w i l l result.

As the water in the once-through boiler is progressively vaporized, the local overall heat transfer coefficient first increases, and then decreases sharply toward due-9 alapilar t o that of superheated steam. Fig. ib-26 (Mc Adamr, p 398) shara an appreciable decrease i n heat transfer coefficient beyond the point where 6@ of t h e water is vaporized. This i s due t o the insufficient wetting of the wan.

Since the local heat transfer coefficient is a l s o cqntrolled by the canbined influence of boiling and forced convection a t high mass flow rates, it is d i f f i c u l t t o determine the overall heat transfer coeffi- cient i n such a boiler section without detailed and sectionalized analysis.

I n evaluating all possible influences, an average boiling heat trans- fer factor of

h * m B t u / f t 2 hr P

was assumed fo r this p r e l h b r y calculation.

f) Tube Sheet

No, of tubes: 500, s/8' Pitah: 1.2" (asmned)

- I

D, - 2h.3h x 1.2 - 29.2"

Selects 30" pipe fo r ehel l

sg) sodim Floy

S h a l t 28.75" ID tubes .. 0.62$"0D

A. = 0.002125 f t /tube Total flow area: 4.5 - SO0 x 0,002125 - 3.438 ft2 Sodium velocity

3600 - 5Lfy V = 3.58 x X06

x 53.5

' ,.

730-V-45 (REV 5-5s) 687 11

ir ATOMICS INTERNAflONAL

A Division oi North American Aviotion, fnc.

5701 NO.

PAGE OF 18 OATE 9-1 9-60

h) $odium Heat Transfer

Assru~ptlont Sodium flws parallel t o tube bundle

Hydraulic Diameter

F = 0.893 Inch2

U = 3.82 inch

Heat transfer Coefficient froa! "Unbaffled Shell Equation", (Donohue)

- w* k

m 0.128 (Det Pe)o*6

2 h - appr, m B t u / f t hr P

i) Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient far Boiler Section

h, m 3000 Btu/ft2 hr F

ro = 0

687 12 730-V-45 (REV 5-59)

ATOMICS INTERNATIONAL A Division of North Amoricoo Aviation, fnc.

- 0.000~ (fouling factor on water side) This factor can be considered adequate for high quality boiling water flowing with high velocities.

ri

1 OO =

uo = u B t u / f t 2 hr F VI &20 asmmed

3. Preheat- Section

Water flart 540,600 lbs/kr

p (outlet): approx. 2650 PSig

t'(in1et)r SLO F t(outlet)r 673 F

E b t g O ' Sodium teaperatwe at Sodium flout 3.58 x 1

a) Heating Surfaco

768 A assumed: 108 F

0verd.l U assumed - b80 Btu/ft2 hr

The a8 in boiler sectLon: 500 tubes - 5/8n OD, 11 BIG, 0.083n wall thickness

730-V-4b (REV d - b 9 ) 607 13

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NO. 5701

ATOMICS lNff RNAtlOffAL A Division of North American Aviation, Inc.

DATE 9-19-60 PAGE 13 OF 18

Outlet velooltpt .I 8.0 QS

Tube length: HS = 5260 - 64.5 feet N,o x ftL x 0.1636'

ft use 65-

Frau "Tube '?#ma Magrrw, p. 242

p/1m ft - 12 psi

Thie pressure drop is possibly inadequate to prevemt flow ins tab i l i t i e s at lower loads and should be studied I n detai l ,

. -

730-V-45 (REV 5-59) 687 14

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1 ATOMICS A Division of North American Aviation, IM. 1 .

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g) Sodim Heat Tranafer

h (asmed-similar to boiler section) = 2800 Btu/ft2 t o F

b) Overall Beat Transfer Coe$flciaat for Preheater Section

uo = 1 I

bheater

L.) D e s i g n Conditions

Sodim flon from two (2) 8tean generator loops: (see Fig. 1)

2 x 0.88 x lo6 - 1.76 x 10 l b d b 6

t ( W e % ) - 1190 F t (outlet)- 82 F &- S t e m Conditiolurr (assumed)

+!

730-V-45 (REV 5-59)

.-- *,.

,ear-

ATOMICS INTERNArjbNAf A Division of North A w k o n Aviation, ~ I K .

5701 NO. DATE 9-19-60

Overall U aastzaed - 220 Btu/ ft2 hr F

t (Deslgn)r U.75 F

Tuba t o be in accordance with m D d f i r e d Preasure Veesal Code, Section VI11 Selectedt 3/b@ OD, 16 wJIE1, 0.065n wall thickness

Velocity Condition0

Steam velocity a t inlet: 160 ips (asswed)

No. of tubes: 870,000 x 1.01 0 1165 tubes 3600 x loo x 0.002095

1.85 -- = 60 pai/lOo it AP - 21,082 x 1.27 x 7b7 lod x 0 . 6 2 ~ ~ ~ ~

Total equivalent tuba length of reheatar = 22 feet plus i n l e t and oatlet losses = soli) (a8-d

p = 30 PSI through reheater

790-V-45 (REV 5-69) i;n7 16

ATOMICS INTERNAfIONAL A Division of North American Aviation, /ne.

p) Steam Heat Transfer

h = lfs2 Btu/ft2 br F

pitcht 1.0" (assmed)

Da - 36.86",

Select: 38" ID S h e l l

!e) sodiura nEIw

Shall8 38a ID

1165 tUbWY - 0.75" 09)

A. - 0.003% ft2/tubo

Total flaw arm:

7.81 ., U65 x 0.00305 - 4.29 it2

. 80dium~laclty

V - 1.76 x lo6 - 2.21 fps 3m x 1.29 x 51.5

This velocity i8 too low, Reheater 8hsll t0 be cross-baffled.

687 730-V-45 (REV 3-69)

NO. 5701 DATE 9-19-60

PAGE 14 OF 18

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PAGE l7 O F 18 ATOMICS INTERNATIONAL

A DiviIion ot Norfb American Aviation, Inc. t

h) Sodium H e a t Transfer

Equation for liquid metal (W-Sa-3969, P. u) floning over staggered tubes

hD = 1.17 ( W P )O.8 k k

D = 0.0625 ft

Q = 1. 6 x 10 = &LO,OOO l b s h it2

( %+

simplified i assumptions 4 0,0625: X X 0.3 10.8 0.3 x 0.6 )0*333

39 ( ( 39 I

h x 0,0625 .r 1.17

h rn 8300 Btu/f t2 hr F

I) Overall Heat Transfer C o s f f i c i a g t of Reheater

1 uo = + r o + = w + r t ( D o )

h, T +vq ho 8300 Po - 0

= w = @p& O*ooO137

ri = 0.000~ (fouling factor on stem side, aeasSuperheatern).

2 0 %

1.21

h i 0 353

uo 1 m 1

- + 0 + O.OOob7 + 0.00s x 1.21 + 1

-k -

687 18 730-V-45 (REV 5-59)

I' a ATOMICS INTERNATIONAL

A Division of North Amarican Aviation, Inc.

U r n 1 = z& Btll/it* hr B 0 0,004572

5. 25% load performaace of steam generator and reheater is indicated in Fig. 4.

687 730-V-46 (REV 5-59] 19

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