OF TIDES AND TIMES, i J , ,

VIDEO FOOTAGE

16 mm

AUDIO

START MARK 000

NOÿLÿD RIDING CAMELIN DESERT. (ISACCOMPANIED BYRIDERLESS CAMEL ANDDOG).

NARRATOR:

The timeless landscape of Sahelian deserts°

Centuries pass... A way of life continues

unchanged--conditionedby the cycles of

nature. Suddenly, nature becomes an eneÿj

The earth and the skies are left without

water, without hope. The only alternative

to death is a new way of life in a new enw

ment.

k

SOMALI FISHERMEN(FOPÿiERLY NOMADS)BRING FISH CATCHASHOPÿ.

27 In Somalia, the nomads of yesterday are thÿk

fishermen of today. Their rangelands destz

by persistant droughts, the sea is their

new life.

TILT UP FROM WATERTO KALABSHATEMPLEIN EGYPT. TEMPLE}JALLWITH CHRISTIANCROSS ENGRAVED ONFACE OF EGYPTIANDEITY.

B5 The monuments of Nubia on the bat%ks of the

Nile...Centuries roll by... Successive

civilizations leave their imprints on the

stones.

TE.ÿ/ÿLE WALL ÿ/[TÿING OF ÿ =7

WORSHIPPING TEE GODAMON, WHO HOLDS THE'KEY OF LIFE'

E]ÿfERIOR OFm3SHA

EÿUÿERIORS OFABU SIMBEL

42 Yetÿ the temples start& -- .ÿerpat,.,.ÿ:._ÿ,n,ÿ

: " ' ÿ: %he:ÿcient Egyptians, the legenda1ÿ

Phÿÿ ÿd %heir dÿitieÿ holding the

'kÿy ofÿlife' .... Modern times give the

ymbolic 'key of llfe' a new meaning.

Becauee, for the temples too, it is the

Begÿinniÿ of a second life. Threatened

58 with permanent fleodinÿ ÿhen the Aswan

igh Dÿ was built on the Nile, temples

65 like Kalÿbsha and Aÿ Simbel hÿi to be

tÿken apart ÿ re-erected on new sites.

PÿN FROM ABU SIMBELTO LÿE NASSER

75 This film presen%s five stories of the

times of Man as shaped by one of the

eÿsential elements of life ÿ water.

:TIÿ SUPERLMPOSEDON ÿ OF ABOVE

82 "OF TIDES AND TIMES"

VILÿ$ OF PHILAEHALF suBÿmaÿWATER

86 Philae --- the pearl of Fÿypt... The sacÿ,ÿ

;ÿode ef Isis inundated by the ÿeÿ%ers tÿa%

once reflected its beauty.

-3-

Standing on an island in the Nile, the

temple was trapped between two dams - the

Aswan High Dam and an old smaller dam -

until the ingenuity of modern man came to

its rescue.

COFFER DAM AROUNDPHILAE ISLAND. WATERBEING DR_ÿIIÿED OUT.

CRANE LIFTING STONESOF DISMANTLED TEMPLE

ll5

126

The submerged island was sealed off from

the surrounding water by a coffer dam --

two walls of interlocking sheet-steel

with sand in between. Then the water witl

was pumped out, and the monuments were tÿ

apart, down to the last foundation stone.

MEN EXCAVATINGTEMPLE SITE

139 After the engineers left, the archaeolo-

gists took over to unearth the past. Wheÿ

their work is done, the grounds where

Philae stood for centuries will be abandoÿ

to the waters for ever.

STONE BLOCKS OF PHILAEIN STORAGE. DETAILSOF CARVINGS ON STONE

149 The earliest of the 41,000 stone blocks

of Philaewere carved more than 2,300 yea

ago. The cult of Isis, the goddess of

fertility and protector of children, flou

until the sixth century A.D. When Christ

ity came, the 'key of life' was replaced

the coptic cross, and the sanctuary of I

became a Christian alter, i

-4-

BARGE CARRYING PHILAESTONES TO AGILKIAVIEWS OF AGILKIA

174 The temples are now rising again on the

nearby island of Agilkia -- leveled and

reshaped to look exactly like Philae.

RE-ERECTION OF THETEMPLE ON AGILKIA.CRANE LIFTING STONES

184 Many nations and agencies, under the guSdÿ

of UNESCO, have contributed men, money an(

material for the salvage of Philae. One c

the largest contribut6rs has been the Wor[

Food Programme, which uses food donated b

member nations as an investment in econom

and social development. In six years, th

Programme has prov:[ded more than six mill

dollars worth of food as part payment of

the wages of Philae's workers.

VIEW OF AGILKIA WITHREFLECTION IN THE NILE

208 When all the hlÿO00 pieces are re-assembl,

the waters of the Nile will once again

reflect the beauty of Philae.

LA!ÿI NASSER WITH BOAT 215 The dam on the Nile brought about changes

in human lives too. The Sudanese village

of Wadi Halfa, once nourished by the rive:

now lies buried in its waters,

VILLAGE OF NEW HALFATN SUDAN

222 Far into the interior of Sudan, a neÿ

village now shelters the Nubians who Zive

in Wadi Halfa.

-5-

LARGE GROUP OF MENPARYING IN MOSQUE

230 Nearly two decades have elapsed since lif,

began afresh for 7000 farmers from Sudane

Nubia. New Halfa, built on uninhabited lÿ

has grown into a community of 20,000.

NEW HALFA H0bÿENUBIAN SETTLER DESCRIBESPÿAT EVENTS TO VISITOR

PAINTING ON WALL(NILE WITH BOATS)

25o

262

For the generation whose ancestral homes

vanished beneath the Nile, the past is ha:

to forget...The memory of the Nile lingerÿ

on...

SCENES OF THE NILE

SETTLER SHOWS OLDPHOTOS TO VISITOR (FLOODINGOF WADI HALFA). ÿ'L&TCHINGB/W SCENES OF FLOODING

265

274

How can we forget the Nile -- we who grew

in its lap. In Nubia where it never rain

the Nile sustained our life - generation

after generation. But now, dams must be

built to produce electricity and to irrigÿ

new lands, and villages like our Wadi Hal:

must be abandoned...

PHOTO OF TRAIN IN %ÿADI HALFA.BiW SHOTS OF TRAIN PULLINGOUT AND hU/BIANS IN MOVINGTRAIN

294 ** Our Journey to New Halfa was long and

tiring. We all felt very sad. Wadi Ha!fÿ

now belonged to the past. And the futurei

was uncertain...

B/W SHOTS OF NUBIANFOLK DANCE

310 ** To rivive our spirits, we began our life

in New Halfa with a traditional Nubian

dance...

(** Different voice)

7ÿ

-6-

Biw SHOT OF CANALUNDER CONSTRUCTION

3h2 w. New Halfa has no Nile, but the river Atbsÿ

was harnessed to irrigate the virgin farmÿ

lands that we were given.

COLOR SHOT OF THESAME CA,NAL. NUBIÿIÿFARMERS WORKING INFIELD

350 ** Many years have passed since then. We

are used to our new life now, Our farmlaÿ

yield good harvests.

NUBIAN FEASTPEOPLE FJÿTING

358 ** Now and then we have a community feast i

and talk about old times, We remember o,m

first years in New Halfa, when we had hat,

any money to live on. The World Food Proÿ

halped us to get started. For six years,

before our own crops made us self-suffiCiÿ

it sent food for all the families that ÿeÿ

here. •

E'ERIOR AND INTERIOROF HOUSE IN NEW HALFA

373 ** Somehow we can't get used to our new i.',ÿmeÿ

here. The space is limited and buildiÿig

materials areÿ expensive, It is not easy

to add neÿ,ÿ rooms when grown children get

imarried. In Nubia we had no such problem

i

Since it never rained there, we used mud

bricks that cost very little.

-7-

WOMENVOCATIONAL CENTRE :

ING TO SEW ANDMAKE HANDICRAFTS

385 ** Perhaps New Halfa belongs more to th9

younger generation than to us. Our boys

and girls who came here as small children

have come of age now. They have grown

up in a new environment. They remember

little of their ancestral homes. But we

have brought them up in our Nubian traditJ

and I am sure they will preserve it.

WATER WHEEL OF THESYRIAN TOÿ'ÿ OF HAMA.SHOTS SHOÿWINGWHEELLIFTING RIVER WATER

o6

NARRATOR:

In the Syrian town of Hama, a legacy from

the past has been preserved. Its water

wheels have lifted the waters of the rive]

Orontes since Roman times. Driven by the

flow of the river itself, they have rotat<

endlessly through the centuries. Such

skillful use of water resources once made

Syria the granary of the Roman Empire.

VIÿA OF EUPHRATESRIVER

434 But Syria's demand for water is much greaÿ

today. The River Euphrates, the country'z

main water resource, must be put to maximt

use.

-8-

EUPHRATÿ;S D2:ÿ'ÿPUMFIXO STATION, 'ÿ°'ÿ''ÿ"

TC, bÿDEÿ CONSTRUCTiGÿ

39 Dams, pumping stations, syphons, canals..

The costs are enormous. But help comes i m

international sources incash and in food

grants that cover a part of the workers'

wages.

BULILgoz.ÿ7ÿ,S ]ÿfTÿ:L!ÿ[G

[ÿ HA-RTIN STREETS8TONE D],ÿLLINGS

ROMAN CISTERN IN ASTATE OF NEGLECT

SHEEP AROUi[D A DESERTWELL. WOMAN DRAWS WATER.OTHER WOMEN Tÿi£E AWAYWATER JUGS TO VILLAGE

468

486

503

460 With more water, Syria will be able to puÿ

thousands of more acres to the plough. Tÿ

expense and the eÿfort will mean better

standards of life...

But there are still•millions of men and

women for whom a bucket of water means

an hour of toil.

Um Hartin is an old Syrian village with

no underground water. It must depend on{

rain. In the dry season water must be

brought from distarÿt sources.

Um Hartin has existed since pre-Roman days

And the continuity of its time is witnesse

in the stone blocks of ancient dwellings.

But in its antiquity Um HarSin has foÿnd

a solution to its water problem-- large

cisterns built by the Romans to collect

rainwater.

-9-

VILLAGERS CLEANINGCISTERN

510 After centuries of neglect, they are now

being cleaned and restored by the villagers

This required a geniune communitF effort.

And the incentive was provided by the Worlÿ

Food Programme which gave food rations to

all the volunteers.

VIEH OF THE VILLAGEOF AL MARA'AH. HERDOF SIIEEP.

WATER TRUCK IN VILLAGEWOFÿN HAVE BUCKETS FILLED

533

5ÿ2

The inhabitants of the hilltop village of

A1 Mÿra'ah are shepherds. They need water

for their animals. But like Um Hartin,

A1 Mara'ah has no water within easy reach.

VILLAGERS CLEANINGANCIENT CISTERN

556 The answer to A1 Marrah's problem too is

rain water collected in ancient cisterns

left behind by the Romans. A1 Mara'ah has

over 200 small underground cisterns. When

all are cleaned and restored, there will be

enough water to last through the dry seasor

By restoring the ancient cisterns, the

Syrian villagers have made the most of

what they have.

HERD OF SHEEP 575

579

GIRLS DRAW WATERFROM UM HARTIN C!STEÿN

588

&N DRAWS WATER FROMRESTORED CISTERN.GOATS DRINK.

- lO -

¥ILLAGE OF ÿAO INCHAD, STREET SCENESWITH DUST IN THE AIR.

612 In Africa's Sahelian region, the proverbiÿ

sands of time are confronting man with

a devastating reality...

NOSiÿDIC TENTS AND HUTSCATTLE

627

7

652COÿS GPÿIING. GOATSAND CAN2LS CHEÿFINGDP TREES.

CRÿOWED MAIÿ[ET IN MAO

The village of Mac in Chad -- once a green

oasis, now an arid panorama of sand and

dust... A victim of encroaching deserts.

The marketplace belies Mac's sandy isolat:

Most of the people who come here are inhab

tants of the surrounding desert -- nomad:ÿ

who will return to their camps by ÿi£%hfÿD_

The nomads of the Sahel are herdsmen ÿn

constmut search of water and grazing lands

In recent decades, increazing human and

livestock populsZions have been taxingf

Sÿ2ÿel's scanty resources beyond natural

limits.

Dÿprived of its protective vegetation,

thÿ laad is ravaged by wind and rain.

DESERTS &ÿYD SAÿ[D DUNES Oÿ I The cycle is repeated as denuded areas

are abandoned and new rangelands exploited

Several million acres thus turn into sandÿ

wasteland every year. ÿen droughts occur

the process is accelerated.

- ll -

LAKE CHAD .... " 679

GREEN FIELDS.VEGETABLE PLOT

691

Here and there in the sandy wilderness is

water... South of Mao, in the village of

Bol, the waters of Lake Chad are being use€

to make the arid lands of Bol green and

productive.

DESERT WELL. MAN LIFTSWATER WITH PRIMITIVEDEVICE

694 The toils of man pitted against the tides

" ,ÿ of sand... Water, wherever found, must be

put to use.

REFORESTATION PROJECTSEEDLINGS BEING WATERED

7o4 Seedlings must be raised and transplanted,

one by one, to grow forests.

FOREST ?17 Forest check soil erosion, reduce wind

speeds, and create climatic conditions

favourable to rain.

GROUP OF NOMADS CROSSESDESERT ON DONKEYS

723

HUT OF DROUGHT VICTIM.YOUNG WOMAN AND CHILD.OTHER WOMAN POUNDS GRAIN.HUT IN DESERT

732

Ravaged lands, persistant droughts, human

suffering-.. The recovery of the Sahel

is a matter of long-range efforts. The

international community helps with emergenc[

food aid, which is co-ordinated by the Worlÿ

Food Programme. The task ahead is not easy

The devastating effects of the droughts

persist. And beyond the huts of the victimÿ

there is only the barren desert.

- 12 -

CAMEL CARAVAN OFSOMALI NOMADS

745 In Somalia, the droughts of the early

seventies created a human drama, unique

in recent times.

GREEN PASTUREGOATS GRAZING

75ÿ For Somalia'S nomadic herdsmen, grass in

the rangelands and water in the wells

are the basic essentials of llfe.

SCEÿ ATÿLCATTLE ARE WATERED

&TERHOLE IN SANDYAREA. NOMADS DIÿAWWATER

757

765

The rainy season offers both, but it comes

only once a year. When the rains are gone

the nomads must fold their portable hut.ÿ

and go wherever water may be found.

VULTKnKE ON TREE-TOPSCENES OF DROUGHTS(DEAD E c)

798

F2ÿLoTY NOMADIC HUT 8.!6

In the early seventies, the rains failed -o

year after year. Pastures yielded only

dust, wells only despair. Livestock perks?

Hunger took its toll. Rangelands were!

devastated for years to come. For 200,000

nomads survival became a question mark. Tÿ

only answer was an end of the nomadic waF

of life. The survivors must become farmexÿ

and fishermen...

VIEW oF THE COASTAL.ÿIiÿ ÿ OP ÿv.,,ÿ,ÿcÿ

821 Under a plan developed by the Somali goverÿ

ment, 5,000 nomads have come to live in the

coastal village of Brava, where fishing is

an old tradition.

- 13 -

NOISED FAMILY SETS UPHUT IN BRAVA

829

t

GROUP OF NOIvLa_DSWATCHING TItE SEA

NOMADS' LED BY BRAVAFISHERMAN, GO TO SEA TOLEARN SWIMMING

NOMADS BEING TAUGHTHOW TO CAST FISHINGNET

OLDER NOMADS AND WOMENREPAIR FISHING Iÿ,rET

NOÿDS GO OUT TO THESÿ IN MOTOR BOATS ANDCATCH FISH IN NETS

/

841

85o

87O

881

917

929

STREET SCENES OFBRAVA

Their portable huts will serve as their

temporary shelter. And daily rations from

the World Food Programme will supplement t;

diet, until their new way of life makes

them self-sufficient.

Brava's origins are said to go back to

the fifteenth century, when the Portuguese

traveller Vasco Da Gamabroke his voyage

to India on its shores.

The shores of Brava must now be home to

those who had never seen the sea before.

The fishermen of Brava have taken the new-

comers in their fold to teach them how

to master the waves, how to harvest the

riches of the ocean...

- 14 -

NOMADS BRING FISHCATCH ASHORE AND LOADIT ON TRUCK

970

990

SOFiALI FOLK DANCEL_ÿGE GATHERING OFNOMADS AND FISHERÿN

NÿW HOUSES. FATHERWALKS BY WITH TWOCHILDREN, ENTERS HOUSE

Iÿ0MÿYD' S WIFE SLICESiÿ'JÿSH FOR COOKING

998

I01!

1022

1085

PROCESSED FISH BEINGDRIED IN THE SLÿ

For Somalia, turning nomads into fishermen

means the growth of a new industry -- a ne"

commodity for export.

For the drought-stricken nomad, it means

the transformation of a way of life in thÿ

interest of survival.., and for the World

Food Programme, an objective to be fulfill

a heÿ hand to humansocieties caught u

in a process of environmental change.

As homes are built for the new fishermeuÿ

the nomadic huts that they brought to Bray,

will be discarded, and their remaining li:

with the past will disappear for ever.

T flose ÿ¢ho once roamed the deserts, are bemÿ

gradually assimilated into the mainstream

of Brava's life. Ravaged by adversity an6

shunned by hopeÿ they have succeeded in

forging a link with a new environment.