STATE OF NEW YORK

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Regents of tM University

WIth years when terms expIre

1913 WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor. New York1917 ST CLAIR McKELWAY M.A. LL.D. Vice Chan-

cellor . . . . ~. BrookJyn1919 DANIEL BEACH Ph.D. LL.D.' . . . . . . Watkins1914 PLINY T. SEX'l'ON LL.R LL.D. . . . . . Palmyra191$ ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Albany1922 CHESTER S. LORD M.A. LL.D.. . .. . New York1918 WILLIAM NOTTINGHAM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. . Syracuse1920, EUGENE A. PHILBIN LL.B. LL.D. . New York1916 LUCIUS N. LITTAUER B.A. . Gloversville192 I FRANCIS M. CARPENTER . . Mount Kisco

. 1923 ABRAM 1. ELKUS LL.B. . New York1924 ADELBERT MOOT . Buffalo

Commissioner of Education

ANDREW S. DRAPER LL.B. LL;D.

Assistant COnunEsloners

AUGUSTUS S. DOWNING 'M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. First/AssistantCHARLES F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D. Second Assistant·THOMAS E. FINEGAN M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. Thi.rd Assistant

Dire,ctor of State Library

JAMES r. WYER, JR, M.L.S.

Dire~tot of Science and State Museulll

JOHN M. CLARKE Ph.D. D.Sc. LL.D.

Chiefs of Divisions

Administratio!l, GEORGE M. WILEY M.A.Attendanc¢" JAMES D. SULLIVAN . . " 'Educational Extension, WILLIAM. R. EASTMAN M.A. M.L.S.Examinations, HARL~NH. HORNERJ3.A. .History, JAMES A. HOLDEN B.A.Inspections, FRANK H. WOOD M.A.Law, FRANK B. GILBERT B.A.Libr:,u-.YSchool, FRANK K. WALTER M.A.,B.L.S.Public Records, THOMAS C. Qt1INNSchool Libraries, SHERMAN WILLIAMS Pd.D.Statistics, HIRAM C. CASEVisual Instmction" ALFRED W. ABRAMS Ph.B.Vocational Schools, ARTHUR D. DEAN B.S.

N e1V York State Education DepartmentScience Division, February 28, 19[2

Hon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D.

Commissioner of Edrtcation

SIli: I beg to transmit herewith for publication as a bulletin ofthe State Museum, th.e annual report of the State Botanist for thefiscal year ending September 30, 19II.

Very respectfullyJOlIN M. CLARKE

Director

STATE OF NEW YORK

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

COMMISSIONER'S ROOM

A ppro'l/ed for publication this 29th day of February, 1912

Commissioner of Education

Education Department BulletinPublished fortnightly by the University of the State of New York

Entered as second-clll3s matter June 24. 1908. at the Post Office, at Albany. N. Y. underthe act of July 16. 1894

No. 514 ALBANY, N. Y. MARCH I, 1912

New York State MuseurnJOHN M. CLARKE, Director.

CHARLES H. PECK, State Botanist,

Museum Bulletin 157

REPORT OF STATE BOTANIST IgII

Dr John M. Clarlee, D'irector of the State Museum:I have the honor of submitting the following' report of work done

in the botanical section of the State Museum during the past year.Specimens of plants for the State herbarium have been collected

in the counties of Albany, Essex, Lewis, Oneida, Otsego, Rensselaer,Saratoga, Steuben and Warren.

Specimens have been contributed by correspondents and othersthat were collected in the counties of Albany, Cattaraugus, Columbia,Cortland, Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Herkimer, Jefferson, Monroe,New York, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orange, Orleans, Queens,Rensselaer, Richmond, Schenectady, Suffolk, Tompkins, Warren,Washington and Westchester.

Extralimital specimens have been contributed that were collectedin Alaska, California, Canada, Colorado, Connecticut, Cuba, Dela­ware, District of Columbia, Europe, Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Mary­land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey,Ohio, Oregon, Utah, Vermont and Washington.

The number of species of which specimens have been added tothe herbarium is 283 of which 100 were not before represented in it.Of these, 28 are new or hitherto undescribed species. All of theseare fungi.

A list of the names of the added specimens is marked" Plantsadded to the Herbarium."

The number of those who have contributed specimens is 74. Thisincludes those who sent specimens merely for identification, if thespecimens were collected in our State and were in such condition

6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM:

and of such character as to make them desirable additions to theherbarium. The number of persons for whom identifications havebeen made is 162. The number of identifications made is 1915.

A list of the names of contributors and of their respective con­tributions is marked "Contributors and their contributions."

The names of species new to our flora with their localities, timeof collecting and remarks concerning them will be found in a chap­ter marked "Species not. before reported." This includes species1vhich may have been reported before as varieties of other speciesbut which now are regarded as distinct species. Also descriptionsof those regarded as new species.

New localities of rare plants, new varieties and any facts ofinterest that may have been observed are given under the title<. Remarks and observations."

Many specimens of fungi collected outside of our State have beenreceived for determination. When no description could be found tocorrespond to their characters they have been considered new speciesand names given to them and descriptions of them written. Thesewill be found under the heading "New species and varieties ofextralimital fungi."

Eight species and varieties of mushrooms have been tested fortheir edible qualities and approved. These added to those alreadyknown make the number of New York edible species and varietiesof mushrooms now known, 213. .

One species previously reported as edible was found by Mr F. C.Stewart to have a bitter taste. It is the rooted collybia, CoIl y b i ar a di cat a (Relh.) Fr. In my trials of this species for its edi­bility no such flavor was observed. At my. request Mr Stewart sentme specimens of this mushroom gathered in the locality from whichthe bitter ones came. These were cooked in the same manner as inmy former trials. Their bitter flavor was verified: but no evil conse­quences resulted. It has been learned in this case that some mush­rooms, as' well as apples and other fruits, may vary in flavor. Whenthe bitter taste is mild it is not a serious objection to their edibilityprovided it is not distasteful to the eater and no evil consequencesfollow. Dandelions cooked as a pot-herb often have a decidedlybitter flavor which to some persons is not at all objectionable andmay even be considered as valuable because indicating tonicproperties.

Two trips have been made in my efforts to locate and investigatethe chestnut bark disease. Having learned by report that this

,REPORT OF THE STATE IalTA)I!lST 191 I 7

disease was suppn-,er! to havc attacked the chestnut trees ahontCooperstown, that locality W:iS visited ami uIIder the guidance ofone familiar with the ](J{'alily all11 interested in the wo(}(I1and ,111'­

ll(l&(~d to he atrcct(~d. acareftll search for it was made. 1\0 cvidence-,of the presence of tl1(~ hmgns that causes th(~ chestnut bark di"'asewere found either in the standing trees or in the branches, stllmlhand young shoot<, of trees that had ht,'en cut hecalls(~ thq were sup­posed to h,lV{' ht'cTl attacked by it. The n'al cause 'If the tro\lhl(~

was not satisfactorily a"certaine(l, hut it seenlt'd prohahle that the·severe drouths of three preceding seasons may have contrihutell tothe trouble.

Having heard that the disease was a,lvilncing" northwat,l irolllNew York City through the counties along the east hank of theJImison rivet. and had already reached Columbia county, a visitwas made to th(' town of Sand Lakt~ in Rensselaer count:,. Chestnuttrees are common in the woods oi that re:gion bnt my eiTorts to finrlthere any evidences of the fungus that causes the chestnut barkdisease wert' wholly unsuecessful. S\1hseqll{~nt investigations byothers 11ave indkated its presenet' in hoth the southern atHlnorthernpart of the county. J11 this case as in others a new attack appearsto have been made in places widely separated from any others. Inthis resped the disease is specially dangerous. the germs or sporesbeing c\'idently carried by insects, birds or some other agent thanwimk It is therefore of the utmost importance that a close watchbe kept for the appearance of the disease wherever chestnut treesahound lUll! that trecs found affected by it should he Cllt and theirhark burned as <oon as possihle. The spread of the disease has beenso rapid and its work so virulent dnring the two years past thatC011stant watchfulness and prompt aetion whenever it appears areessential to its suppre.'sion. It is probablc that this ('!estructivt' nut·break of this remarkahle disease is sporadic and brought about byan uIHI5ual combination of favoring circumstances and will not longcontinuc to be so destructive. ~ature generally t'inds some way tocheck stich extraordinary action and restore the equilibrium of hetforces, but sometimes the proper rond itions arc not restored tillafter great damage has be(~n done. It will not do therefore to sitlJuietly down and wait for such .\ consulllmation. \Ve may byprompt and judirirHls action aiel the natural processes amI therebydiminish and short(~tl the rava/-ics of the evil.

In continuanee of my inH~stigation of t1le marsh flora of theArlinmdack-:, PeacOl'k l11an;h in the town of ~"rth Elba wa< visited.It is locate,1 ahol1t three miles south of Lake Placid and nearly east

8 NEW YORK ST1\TE MUSEUM

from Averyville. The visit was made in June and owing to the earlytime in the season it is probable that some plants which occur laterwere not seen. A list of those seen will be found in the chapterdesignated " Remarks and observations."

It is interesting to note the seasonal influences on plants and theirsimilar results on our cultivated plants and wild mushrooms. Inthe eastern part of the State the prevailing low temperatme in thespring retarded the development of vegetation and kept back theblossoming of the early varietie~ of fruit trees. Then a somewhatabrupt change to warmer weather caused these and later varieties toblossom more nearly simultaneously than usual. The early Rich­mond cherry and the Montmorency commonly have an interval ofabout ten days between their times of flowering. This year thatinterval was only two or three days. Pear trees, plum trees andcherry trees were in blossom nearly at the same time and apple treesquickly succeeded them. The resulting fruit crop was abundantand matured early. In midseason a long period of dry hot weatherkept back the development of those species of mushrooms that com­monly appear at this time of the year. It was a rare thing to findone. They were extremely scarce even in swamps and wet places.Several correspondents wrote that they never before knew mush~

rooms to be so scarce. One correspondent says, " On account ofthe drouth this has been the poorest season for fungi I have knownin twenty-five years. Not a single morel could I find." Thiscondition continued longer in some places than in others. Whereplenteous rains came toward the end of the season mushrooms beganto appear. In the vicinity of New York City rain fell abundantlyduring a whole week: This effectually broke the drouth and soon acrop of mushrooms began to appear. Summer and autumn speciescame up together and by their great variety and united numbersmade such a crop as is rarely seen. In some places the groundappeared as if it was almost covered with them.

One correspondent says, "the Long Island woods are full ofmushrooms. It seems that almost every step reveals some differentspecies." Others represent their abundance as so great that theycould be gathered by the bushel. One says that a friend who hadbeen out collecting mushrooms brought in half a bushel ofT l' i c hoi 0 m a' pel'S 0 nat u m Fr. This abundance has extendedto other states than our own and has induced people to gather themfor food more freely and in greater quantity than usual. As a con­sequence more accidents and deaths from eating poisonous mush-

RF,PORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 9

rooms have been reported than usual. In New York City and vicinityit is reported that more than thirty deaths from this cause have takenplace. It is affirmed however that nearly all these were amongforeign born people who have doubtless mistaken poisonous speciesfor the European species they were accustomed to eat in their owncountry. Native American people generally have a proper sense ofthe danger of' rashly eating mushrooms whose edible qualities arecnknown to them and are prudent enough to avoid doing it. InEuropean countries the ignorant are to some extent protected fromsuch danger by an inspector of the markets who permits to be soldonly those mushrooms known to be edible.

It is possible that poverty combined with the high cost of livingmay have been a source of danger in some cases of mushroompoisoning. An instance was reported to me of a: poor family inwhich the mother and two children were poisoned. The motherrecovered but the children died. An enthusiastic mycologist livingin the vicinity of the place where this accident occurred began aninvestigation of the case in an attempt to learn what mushroomcaused the sickness. Enough was learned from the mother to incli­cate that the mushroom chiefly eaten was one known by the nameautumn pholiota, P hoI i 0 t a aut u m n a lis Pk. This was notknown to mycologists to be an unwholesome species, but apparentlyimpelled by hunger the family had collected a considerable quantityof it, cooked and ate it. The mother ate about a pint, the boy aboutthe sam~ quantity and the girl somewhat less. All were made sickand after several hours delay a physician was called. The result wasas above stated. The flavor of the mushroom is not specially entic~

ing and I can see no reason why they should have eaten so much ofit unless they were impelled by hunger. An excessive quantity of agood mushroom may be harmful, but of a bad one it would be stillworse. The mycologist who investigated the case learned by sub­sequent experiment that this is a noxious species and though it maynot always be fatal it should be rigidly avoided. It is at leastunwholesome.

Besides the abundance of the crop caused by the concentration ofsummer and autumn species the appearance at such a time of speciesnot before recorded as growing out of season is remarkable.Morels are among the most constant spring and early summergrowers. I have not before known them to appear at any othertime. One correspondent writing after the morel season had passedsays, "I have not been anle to find a single morel this season." Myown experience was similar to his. Evidently the cold spring time

10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

immediately followed by dry weather suppressed the crop of morels.The moderately warm and moist fall weather, however, gave oppor­tunity for a crop of morels in a limited station near Boston, Mass.Specimens were collected and some of them sent to me by Mrs U. C.Sherman with the inquiry if it was not unusual for morels to appearin autumn. An examination of them showed a very close relation­ship to the conic morel. They differed in a few minor charactersfrom the conic morel, M 0 r c hell a con i c a Pel's., but most ofall in their time of appearance. This is probably due to the peculiarweather conditions of this season, nevertheless it seemed best inview of the minor differences and the very unusual time of itsappearance to designate it by the varietal name which will be foundin its proper place in this report.

Some seasons seem to be specially favorable to the development ofthe species of certain genera. In one season specics of Hygrophornswill be abundant, in another many species of Lepiota will be seenand in another, species of Lactarius will appcar to be unusuallycommon. This year specimens of more species of Tricholoma havebeen received by mc from correspondents during September, Octo­ber and November than in any other previons year. This indicates[0 me that the latter part of the season has been' unusually favorableto the development of species of Tricholoma.

The custom of issuing generic monographs of New York specieshas been continued. Revised descriptions of New York species ofthe genera Clitocybc, Laccaria and Psilocybc have been prepared andarranged as far as practicable according to the Friesian system asgiven in Sylloge. .

To meet the requirements of the rules of the InternationalBotanical Congress of 1905 Latin descriptions of the new speciesand varieties herein reported have been written.

My assistant, Mr S. H. Burnham, has performed his clericalduties with noteworthy faithfulness, doing all the typewriting of theoffice, attending to the arrangement, mounting and labeling of speci­mens, aiding in the identification of specimens sent for that purpose,3.nd in conducting the correspondence. In addition to this he hasimproved his opportunities during holiday and vacation periods incollecting specimens and in making many valuable additions to theherbarium.

Respectfully submitteclCHARLES H. PECK

State BotanistAlbaH)', December 28, 19H

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTANIST 19II

PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM

New to the herbarium

II

Acer carolinianul11 Walt.Aecidium atriplicis ShearAnthyllis vulneraria L.Armillaria pinetorum .Gil/.Artemisia frigida Willd.A. gnaphalodes Null.Ascochyta imperfecta Pl.'.A. rhei B. & E.Boletus ballouii Pli.CamarosporiU111 mac1urae Pk.Centaurea maculosa Lam.Cercospora medicaginis E. & ECercosporella ter111inalis P I~.

Clavaria subtilis Pers.Clitocybe fU1110sa brevipes P/~.

e. hirneola F,'.e. sinopicoides Pl.'.e. splenc1ens (PIli'S.) Fr.e. tuba Fr.e. tumulosa KalcM.Coniothecium chomatosporium Cd.Coprinus domesticus (Pers.) 17,'.Coronospora angustata FcN.Cortinarius albidipes Pli.C. phyllophilus Pk.C. purpurascens Fr.Coryneum disciforme K. & S.Cytospora rhoina Fr.e. salicis (Cd.) Rabenh.Dasyscypha sulphuricolor Pli.Deutzia scabra Tlwnb.Diplodia spiraeilla SaccoDiplodina medicaginis Qud.Flammula sulphurea Pli.Fusarium pirinum (Fr.) SaccoGanoderma sessile Murr.Gloeosporium vaisoidcU111 SaccoGutierrezia sarothra (Pursh) B. & R.Gymnolomia multiflora (NHtt.) B.& 8.Haplosporella ribis SaccoHebeloma sinapizans Fr.Helvella capucinoides PI~.

Hendersonia grossulariae Qltd.Hydnellum peckii BanllerHygrophorus recurvatus PII.

Hygrophorus sordidus PIt.Leptosphaeria distributa (c. & E.)Marasmius epiphyllus Fr.Melanconis itlni Tul.Mycena atroUinbonata Pli.Mycena metata Fr.Naucoria arenaria Pk.Oenothera muricata L.Omphalia offuciata Fr.Ophiotheca vermicularis (Sch~v.)

Peniophora tenuissima Pk.Periconia pycnospora Pres.Peronospora trifoliorul11 DeBy.Pcstalozzia adusta E. & E.P. funerea Desm.P. longiseta Speg.Phaeiditlm lignicola P/~.

Pholiota rigidipes P/~.

Phoma amorphae Pk.P. bacteriophila P/~.

P. leprosa P/~.

P. smilacis B. & J.Physcia gramllifera (Ach.) Tuck.Polyporus melanopus Fr.Polysaccum pisocarpium Fr.Psilocybe fuscofolia Pk.P. polycephala (Paul.)Poria pulchella Schw.Ra111ularia karstenii SaccoRubus glandicaulis Blanch.Sagedia cestrellsis Tucl~.Septoria aquilegiae P. & S.S. dianthi Desl1l.S. malvicola E. & M.S. mirabilissima PII,Sphaeronema minutulul11 D. SaccoSphaeropsis amorphae E. & B.S. mac1urac Che.Spongipellis occidentalis MU1't'.

Stagonospora carpathica Bae1t11l1.Steccherinum peckii BanllerSteganosporium fenestratum (E.&E.)Stigmina populi (E. & E.) Pk.Teichospora trilllorpha Atk.Thyridium pallidum E. & E.

12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Tricholoma boreale Fr.T. planiceps Pk.T. subsaponaceum Pk.T. subsejunctum Pk.Tril11l11atostrol11a salicis Cd.

Uromyces spartinae Farl.Ustilago hypodytes (ScM.) Fr.Verbena stricta Vellt.Vermicularia hysteriiformis Pk.Volutella buxi (Cd.) Berk.

Not new to the herbarium

Acalypha virginica L.Agaricus abruptibulbus Pl~.

A. placol11yces Pl~.

A. subrufescens Pl~.

Amaranthus crispus (L. & T.) A. Br.Amelanchier oligocarpa (M.~'.)

Andromeda glaucophylla Linl,Andropogon furcatus Mllhl.AnthostOl11a gastrina (Fr.) SaccoAnychia dichotoma 1.1:0:.Arctium minus (Hill.) Bernh.Arabis drummondii GmyBelonidium aurelia (Pel's.) DeNat.Bidens cernua L.Boletus albidipes PII.B. speciosus FrostBotrychium obliquum Muhl.B. simplex E. Hitche.Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr.Calvatia gigantea (Batseh)Cantharellus aurantiacus Fr.Centaurea nigra radiata DC.Cichoriu111 intybus L.Claudopus nidulans (Pel's.) Pl~.

Clavaria crassipes P l~.

Clitocybe candicans Pel's.e. c1avipes (Pel's.) F".e. nebularis (Batsch) Fr.e. sudorifica Pk.COccol11yces juniperi Kal'S t.Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach.Collybia albipilata Pk.e. butyracea Bull.e. familia P k.e. radicata (Relh.) Fr.e. tuberosa Bull.Coniophora puteana (Schum.) Fr.Convolvulus' arvensis L.Corallorrhiza trifida Chat.Corticium martianum B. & C.Coryneum pustulatum Pk.Crataegus helderbergensis S.

Cryptogramma stelleri (Gille I.)Cynosurus cristatus L.Cytospora micr~spora (Cd.) Rabcnh.Datura stramonium L.Dendrophoma tiliae Pk,Dentaria diphylla 1.1.":.Dicentra canadensis (Goldie)Didymium squamulosum (A. & S.)Drosera rotundifolia L.Durella corrugata (C. & P.) Saec,Entoloma grayanum Pl~.

Epilobium molle Torr.Epipactis tesselata (Lodd.)Eragrostis frankii (F. Mey. & L.)Euphorbia corollata L.Flammula alnicola Fr.F. pulchrifolia Pk,Fames conchatus (Pers.) Fr.F. fomentarius (L,) F,';F. pinicola (Sw.) Fr.F, roscus (A. & S.) Fr.Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.Fl1ligo septica (Link) GlIlel..Galera reticulata Pl~.

Galium trifidu111 L,Geapyxis hesperidea C. & P.Glaniopsis australis (Duby) SaccoGrindelia squarrosa (Pursh)G. squar. nuda (Wood)Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br.Helvella macropus (Pel's.) Karst.Hibiscus trionul11 L.Hirneala auricula-judae (L.)Hydnu111 caput-ursi Fr.E. coralloides Scop.I-I. erinacetls Bull.H, subfusculTI Pk.I-Iygrophorus min. subluteus Pl~,

Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lev.Hypholoma boughtoni Pk.E. rigidipes Pk.E. subl. squamosum Cke.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 13

Hypoxylon serpens (Pers.) F".Irpex lacteus Fr.Juncus brevicaudatus (Ellgeillt.)Laccaria striatula (Pk.)Lachnea hemisphaerica pusilla Pk.Lactarius cinereus PI;:.L. minl1sculus Burl.L. rimoselllls Pk.Lcntinus lepideus Fl'.Lcnzites sepiaria Fr.Lespedeza procumbens 111:1:.Lil1naea bor. americana (FO1'bes)Lonicera tatanca L.L. xylosteunl L.Lycoperdon pusillulll ButschLyonia ligustril1a (L,) DC.Lysimachia punctata L.L. thyrsif1or~ L.Macrosporium tomato Cke.Marasmius spongiosus B. & C.Mentha gentilis L.Merulius fugax ProM. tremelloslls Schrad.M. ulmi Pk.Monilia peckiana S. & V.Mollisia melaleuca (Ff.) SaccoMutinus Cal1i11l1S (Hl,lds.) Fr.Mycena clavicularis Fr.M. pscuc10pura Cke.M. pura Pel's.M. sanguinolenta A. & S.M. v\llgaris (Per.I.) Fr.Mycosyrinx osmundae Pk.M, osm. cinnamomeac Pk.Nallcoria vernalis Pk.Osmunda cin. bipinnatifida ClutePanaeolus retirugis P".Penicillium glaucull1 LinkPhlebia pileata Pk.Pholiota adiposa Fr.P. autumnalis Pk.P. comosa F,'.P. discolor Pi?,P. praecox Pers.P. vermiflua PII.Physcia hypoleuca (MuM.) Tuck.Pleurotus porrigens Pers.Poa. compressa L.Polygonum hydropiper L.Polyporus admirabilis Pk.

Polyporus albellus Pk.P. benzoinus (Wahl.) F,'.P. brumalis (Pel's.) Fr.P. delectans PII.P. fragrans Pk.P. frondosus Fr.P. giganteus (Pel·s.) Fr.P. ul11hellatus Fr.Polystictus parvullls Kl.Propolis faginca (Scll1'ad.) Karst.Quercus prinoides Willd.Rhytisma aceril1\1111 (Pel's.) F".R. vi tis Sch7c'.Roestelia aurantiaca PI;:.Rosellinia 11111tans (C. O· P.) SaccoRubus canadensis L.R. sativus (Bail.) BrainerdRussula purpurina Q. & S.Rynchospora fusca (L.) Ait. f.R. glomerata (L.) VahlScirplls cyp. condcnsatns Fem.Scleroderma geastcr Fl'.Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.Solenia ochracea H offm,Solidago juncea ramosa P. & B.Sphaeropsis bifol'111is PII.S. persicae E. & B.Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britt.Stereum aceril1ull1 nivosu111 Rav.S. radiatum reflcxull1 PII.S. spadiceum Fr.Streptothrix fusca Cd.Stropharia aeruginosa (Curt.) Fr.Symplocarp\1s foetidus (L.) Nult.Taraxaculll officinale Weber .Tipularia discolor (Pllrsh) Nli1t.Tricholoma album (Schaeff.) Fr.T. eques. albipes PII.T. personatulTI Fr.T. resplendens Fr.Trichothecium roseum (Pel's.) LillkTrichostema dichoto1llU111 L.Valsa linderae PII.V. rhoophila C. & E.Vernonia altissima Nlat.Viola blanda Willd.V. cucullata Ait.V. pallens (Banks) BminerdXyris caroliniana Walt.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS

Miss L. C. Allen, Newtonville, Mass.Lepiota farinosa Pli.

Mrs C. Beach, CatskillCryptogramma stelleri (Gmel.) Prontl

Miss F. Beckwith, RochesterAnthyllus vulneraria L. Grindelia squarrosa nuda (Wood)Artemisia frigida Willd. Gutierrezia sarothra (Pursh)B. & R.A. gnaphalodes Nutt. Gymnolomia mulfiflora(Nutt.)B.&H.

Veronica virginica L.

Mrs E. B. Blackford, Boston, Mass.Collybia atrata F,·.

Mrs R. C. Burnham, Hudson FallsAgaricus subrufescens Pk.

Miss M. C. Burns, MiddlevilleVernonia altissima Null.

Miss J. F. Conant, Melrose, Mass.I-Iydnum laevigatu111 Sw. IVIorchella conica serotina P II.

Mrs G. E. Duryee, SchenectadyAgaricus campester majusculus Pk.

O.Oenothera l1luricata L.

Mrs E. P. Gardner, CanandaiguaArabis drulllmondii Gray Oenothera 111uricata canescens

(T. & G.)oakesiana Robbins

Mrs L. L. Goodrich, SyracuseCelltaurea nigra radiata DC.

Miss C. C.Astrella tenella (L.) Bv.Cololejeupea jooriana (Aust.)Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.)Riccia americana lV!. A. Howe

Haynes, New YorkRiccia arvensis Aust.Ricciocarpus nata,ns terrestris Lindb.Scapania uligillosa Lindh.Targonia hypophylla L.

Miss A. Hibbard, West Roxbury, Mass.Tricholoma piperatuffi PII.

Mrs M. A. Kniclterbocker, San Francisco, Cal.Astragalus watsonianus (Ktze.) Ephedra nevadensis Wats.

Lewisia rediviva Pursh

REPORT OF THE STAT:!! BOTANIST 19II IS

Mrs M. Miller, BoonvilleRhytisma acerinum (Pel's.) Fr.

Misses M. L. Overacker and I. S. Lawrence, SyracuseClaudopus nidulans (Pel'S.) P/~.

Mrs F. W. Patterson, Washington, D. C.Hygrophorus sordidus P /~.

Mrs J. H. Poor, New YorkVolutella buxi (Cd.) Ber/l.

Mrs U. C. Sherman, Roslindale, Mass.Morchella conica serotina P/~.

Miss E. H. Smith, Berkeley, Cal.Septoria populi Desm.

Webster, CanandaiguaHelvella crispo. (.'leap.) Fr.Hieracium murorum L.Hygrophorus recurvatus Pk.Hypholoma perplexum Pk.Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.Mycena metata Fr.

squarrosa Muell.

Miss E. C.Clitocybe fUl110sa brevipes Pk.e. sudorifica Pk.Cortinarius purpurascellS Fr.CynoSUrL1S cristatus L.Flal11mula sulphurca Pk.Hebe10ma sinapizans Fr.

Pholiota

F. H. Ames, BrooklynBoletus verll1iculosus spraguei (FI'os/) P/l.

J. C. Arthur, Lafayette, Ind.Aecidiutll kellerl11anni DeToni

G. F. Atkinson, IthacaTeichospora trimorpha Atil.

G. G. Atwood, AlbanyIrpex tulipiferae .'le/;w. Periderl11itll11 pyrifol"lne Pk..

W. H. Ballou, New YorkB. & C. Lentinus spretus Pk.

Peridermiul11 cerebn'l11 Pk.Polyporus albellus P /~.

P. f1avovirens B. & R.P. frondostlS Fr.P. umbellatus Fr.Polystictus parvulus Kl.Psilocybe fuscofolia P/~.

Steccherinu111 ballouii Ban/leI'Stropharia coroni1la Bull.

Boletus auriflaml11eusB. ballouii P k.Clitocybe fUl110sa hrevipcs P /?,e. illudens S eh7C·.Entoloma batschianum F,'.Fistulina hepatica Fr.Fomes pinicola (Sw.) Fr.Ganoderma sessile Mttrr,Gloeoporus. conchoides Mont,Lactarit1s rimosellus P k.

H; J. Banker, Greencastle, Ind.Acalypha virginica L.

r6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

E. Bartholomew, Stockton, Kan.Alternaria brassicae phaseoli Bnm.Amanitopsis vaginata alba Slev.Camarosporium berkeleyanum Lev.Camptoum cuspidatumCke. & Har/l.Cercospora circumscissa Saccoe. eustomae Ph.e. henningsii Allesche. pastinaceae (Sacc.) PI,.Cercosporella l1lirabilis Pk.Cladosporium arol1laticum E. & E.e. gloeosporoides All,.Coryneum sorbi Ph.Cytospora foliicola LibertDermatea mori Pk.Diaporthe inornata Pk.Diplodia polygonicola Pk.Exobasidium vaccinii (Fckl.) Woron.Gloeosporiu1l1 psoraleae Pk.Graphyllul1l chloes junci Pk.Haplosporella ailanthi E. & E.Helotium citrinllm (Hedw.) Fr.Hendel'sonia rosae Kick.,,:.

Henningsinia caespilosa Pk.Hysterium cubense Pll.Leptostrol11ella scirpina Pk.Macl'ophoma burserae Pk.M. numel'osa Pk.Melanconiul11 betulinum S. & K.Ovularia avicularis Pk.Phorna roystoneae Pll.Pyrenophora depressa Pk.Ra111ularia l1lacrospora asteris SaccoRhytidhysterium guaranitictllu Speg.Rosellinia bigeloviae roystoneae Pk.Seplone1l1a spilol1leu1U Berk.Septoria apii CheslerS.ficarioides Pll.S. magnospora Pk.S. purpurascens E. & M.S. solanina Speg.Sphaeropsis smilacis E. & E.Thelephora sullivantii Mont.Uromyces pictus Thuem.Valsa ceratophora Tltl.

J. M. Bates,Cel'cospora gy1l1nocladii E. & K.Puccinia silphii Schw.

Red Cloud, Neb.Ramularia pruinosa Speg.Septoria g'raminet11u Des1Jl.

M. S. Baxter, RochesterAntennaria neglecta Creme Antennaria neodioica Greene

Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.

F. S.Cantharellus amantiaclls Fr.Clavaria stricta Pel's.e. tsugina Pk.Flammula sulphurca Pll.Galera reticulata Pll.

Boughton, PittsfordHypholoma rigidipcs Pk.Omphali a oculus Pll.Pholiota confragosa Fr.Polyporus ovinus (Schaeff.) Fr.Stropharia acrl1ginosa (Cltrt.)

Washington, D. e.POlypOrtlS volvatus Pk.Tricholoma colul1lbctta Fr.

melalcncum (Pel's.) Fr.

F. J. Braendle,Bovistella ohicnsis E. & M.Hygrophorus sordidus Pk.

Tric1wlol11a

C. E. Brand, Norwich, Conn.Lepiota farinosa Pll.

S. H. Burnham,Agariws subl'l1fescens Pk. 'Amaranthus crisp liS (L. & T.) A. Br.Anthostoma gastrina (Fr.) Sacco

Hudson FallsAnychia dichotol1la MX.

Arctiul11 minus (Hill.) Bemh.Boletus specioslls Frost

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 17

Cephalozia lunulaefolia DlIln,

Clavaria crassipes Pli.Clitocybe candicans Pel'S,e. clavi pes (Pel's,) Fr.e. nebularis (Batsch) PI',e. sudorifica PI,',Convolvulus arvensis J"Coryneum disciforme r, & S,Cytospora microspora (Cd,) Rabellh.e. rhoina Fr.Datura stramonium L.Deutzia scabra Thu/lb.Diplodia spiraeina SaccoEragrostis frankii (F. Mey, & L.)Euphorbia corollata L.Flamffiula alnicola Fr.F. pulchrifolio. PI,.Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr.F. roseus (A. & S.) Fr.Ganoderma sessile M,wr.Hibiscus trionum L.Hirneola auricula-jndae (L.) Bel'k.Lacco.ria striatula (PI,.)Lentinus lepideus Fr.Lespedeza procumbens 101);.Lonicera xylosteum L.Mentha gentilis L.

Mycena vulgaris (Pel's.) Fr.Mycosyrinx osmundae Pk.M, osm. dnnamomeae PI,.Osmunda cinn. bipinnatifida ClutePhlebia pilcata PI,.Pholiota autumnalis Pll.Phoma amorphae SaccoPhysda granulifera (Ach,) T1tc!,.Plagiothecium deplanatuIU (Schill/p.)Polyporus admirabilis PII.P. delectans Pli.P. fragrans Pli.P. luelanopl1s Fr.P. pidpes Fr.P. underwoodii 1011/1'1'.

Poria pulehclla Schw,Quercus prinoides Willd.Sphaeropsis amorphae E. & B.S. biformis PII.S. madurae Clla.Spongipellis occidentalis Murr,Stereum radiatum refiexul11 Pli.S. spadiceuffi Fr.Thyridium paHidum E. & E,Tricholoma album (Schaeff.) Fr.T. boreale FI'.T. resplendens Fr.

H. W. Clute, GloversvilleCorallorrhizo. macnlala flo. vida PIl.

M. T. Cook, New Bmnswick, N. J.Trichoderma koningi Dltd.

S. W. Cowles, MariettaSilene dichotoma Ehrh.

J. A. Crabtree, MontgomeryGrindelia sCJuarrosa (P1wsh) DUllal

S. Davis,Clavaria peckii SaccoEntolo111o. flavifoliuffi PI,.E. grayanl1111 Pk.E, subtruncatl1m Pk,

Brookline, Mass.LeptoglossulTI luteul11 (PI,.) SaccoLeptonia davisiana Ph.Pilosace eximia PI,.Tricholoma terraeolens majus Ph.

J. Dearness,Creonectria verrucosa (Sc/mJ,) SeaverDothiorella quercinu (C. & E.) Sacc,Entyloma polysporum (Pk.) Farl.

London, Can.Mazzalltia Sepil1111 S. 6- !'.Ophiobolus cesatianus (MOHt.) SaccoPeronospora hydrophylii Waite

18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Peronospora parasitica DeB}I.Pestalozzia fllnerea Desm.Phyllaehora graminis (Pers.) Felli.Puccinia glaucis Arth.

XyJaria fiji formis

Puccinia minl1tissima Arth.Pyrenopeziza artemisiae (Lasch)Septoria noctiflorae E. & K.Ul'ophlyctis pulposa (Walll'.)

caulincola Rehm

BrYl1l11 capillare L.F. Dobbin, Shushan

Collema pulposl1m (Bcrnh.) /left.

C. E. Fairman, LyndonvilleSeptaria polygonol'nl11 De.wI. Sphaeronema minlltllltull D. Sacco

Ustilago hypodytes (Schl.) Fr,

W. G. Farlow, Cambridge, Mass.Tolyposporella ( ?) nolinae Clillt. Uromyces spartinae Fm·l.

Ustilago ml1hlenbergiae Clillt.

O. E. Fischer, Detroit, Mich.Clitocybe piceina Pk. Lepiota fischeri Kaufflll. incd.

M. J. French, UticaPholiota comosa Fr. Volvaria bomhycina (Pel's.) Fl'.

G. S. Graves, NewportCollection of 24 abnormal ferns, leaves and flowers.

C. Guillet, Westfield, Mass.Solidago juncea ramosa P. & B.

Cedrus libani Barr.J. F. v. Hafften, Winfield

Ginkgo biloba L.

C. C. Hanmer, East Hartford, Conn.Lepiota farinosa PlI. Marasmius peronatus Fr.

B. B. Higgins, IthacaTrimmatostrollla salicis Cd.

A. P. Hitchcock. New LehanonXylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Gl'e~l.

G. T. Howell, Rockville, Ind.Pll1tel1s alveolatl1s eccentricl1s PII. Tricholoma subsaponacel1l11 Pk.

M. E. Jones, SaltPuccinia aberrans Pk.Thecopsora pyrolae (Gmel.) Karst.

Lake City, UtahUredinopsis copelandii S}.d.Uromyees erythronii (DC.) Pel's.

G. L. Kirk, Rutland, Vt.Dichelyma pallescens B. & S.

R.Aecidil1!n atriplicis ShearAscochyta rhei E. & E.

Latham, Orient PointBelonidiul11 aurelia (Pel's.) DeN01.Boletus ballo\1ii Pli.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II

Call1arosporiulll maclurae PI? Mycena sanguinolenta A. & S.Clitocybe pithyophila Fr. Pestalozzia adusta E. & E.Coccomyces juniperi Karst. P. funerea Des11l.Collybia tuberosa Bull. P. longiseta Speg.Coronophora angustata FcN. Phollla slllilacis Boy. & !acq.Coryneulll pustulatum I'll. Physcia hypoleuca (Ml/hl.) TlICIl.Cytospora salicis (Cd.) Rabcl/h. Paa compressa L.Denc1rophollla tiliac I'll. Polyporus giganteus (Pel's.) Fl'.Durella corrugata (C. & P.) Sacco Palysaccum pisocarpium Fr.Geopyxis hcsperic1ea C. (7' P. Propolis faginea (Schrad.) Karst.Gloniopsis australis (DlIby) Sace. Rhytisma vitis ScllmHaplosporclla ribis Sacco Roselliuia mutans (C. & P.) SaccoHenc1ersonia grossulariae Oud. Russula pl1rpurina Q. & S.I-Iydnulll subfuscum P/~. Sagedia cestrensis Tucf?Hygrophorus !aetus (Pcrs.) Fr. Scleroderma geaster Fr.H. miniatus sublutcus I'll. Septoria c1ianthi Des1/!.H. sordic1us P/~. Solenia ochracea Hoffm.Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Schrad.) Sphaeropsis persicae E. & B.Hypoxylon serpens (Pel's.) Fr. Steganosporium fenestratum(E.&E.)Marasmius epiphyllus Fr. Sterel1m acerintun nivos111ll Rav.M. spongiosus B. & C. Streptothrix fusca Cd.Merulius ulllli Pl? Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nl/ft.l\follisia melaleuca (Fr.) Sacco Trichostema dichotomull1 L.Monilia peckiana S. & V. Valsa linderae I'll.

Valsa rhoophila C. & E.

W. B. Limberger, RandolphLysilllachia punctata L. Viola cardaminefolia Crccl/e

Viola lllinuscula CreeNe

C. A. Mabie, HolleyHyc1nu111 erinaceus Bllll. Lepiota naucinoides P 11.

Lepiota rhacoc1es Vift.

Waltham, Mass.Geaster morgani Llo3,dMcrulius rubellus PI?PanaeolLls subbaIteatl1S B. & Br.Paxillus micrOSp0r11S PI.~.

Pholiola duroides I'll.Scleroc1erma tenerum B. & C.S. verrucosull1 (Bull.)Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) Fr.Tricholoma saponaceum Fr.

sejunctl1m (Sow.) Fr.

G. E. Morris,Amanita crenulata P'~.

A. morrisii PI?Armillaria nardosmia EllisBoletus cyanescens Bull.B. luteus L.B. parasiticus Bull.Cortinarius cinnaharintls Fr.e. morrisii P/~.

e. vibratilis Fr.Tricholoma

F. T. Pember, GranvilleCentau rea macul0sa Lalli. Verbena stricta Vcut.

L. H. Pennington, SyracuseCoprinus domesticus (Pel's.) Fr. Hymenogaster anomalus Pli.

20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

C. R. Pettis, AlbanyChilonectria cucurhitula (CU1'1'.) Phoma bacteriophila P/~.

Septoria mirabillissima Pk.

D. Reddick, IthacaMonilia peckiana S. &. V.

W. H. Ropes, Salem, Mass.Calvatia rl1broflava Cragin Lysurtts borealis serotinus PI?

F. L. Schrader, New YorkHygrophorus sordidl1s P k.

F. J. Seaver, New YorkHerpotrichia nigra Harlig

E. B. Sterling, Trenton, N. J.Fornes igniarius (L.) Fr. Hebeloma sl1bcollariatl11TI B. &, Br.

F. C.Ascochyta imperfecta P11.Cercospora circul1lscissa SaccoC. medicaginis E. & E.Collybia radicata (Relh.) Fr.Diplodina l1ledicaginis Ond,Flammula sl1lphurea PII.

Stewart, GenevaGloeosporium nervisequul1l (FeU)G. valsoideu111 SaccoHypholoma boughtoni Pk.Lentinus spretl1s P11.Peronospora trifoliorum DeBy.Pseudopeziza llledicaginis (Lib.)

W. G. Stover, Stillwater, Okla.Bolbitius fragilis 1'1'. Marasmius delectans M 01"[1,

Marasmius bellipes M 01"[J. M. opacus B. & C.

J. M. Van Hook, Bloomington, Ind.I-Iypoxylon atropurpurel1111 Fr. Hypoxylon rubiginosu111 (Pel's.)H. effl1sull1 Nils. H. sassafras (Sclnu.)H. petersii B. & C. H. turbinl1latull1 (Schw.)

Nl1mml1laria microplaca B. & C.

W. G. Van Name, AlbanyRoestelia al1rantiaca PII.

H. L. Wells, New Haven, Conn.Boletus edl1Iis c1avipes Pk.

T. E. Wilcox, Washington, D. C.Boletus affinis PI? Boletus subtomentosus L.

Sparassis herbstii Pk.

C. L. Williams, Glens FallsConiothecium ehomatosporiulll Cd.

D. B. Young, AlbanyCalyptospora goepperti:!lna Kuehn Chaetomiul11 streptothrix Qllel.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED

21

Acer carolinianum Walt.1\oupsburg, Stcuben co. May. This species is readily distin­

guished from Ace l' l' U b l' U m L., the red maple, when in fruit.The wings are nearly parallel or convergent, but in the red maplethey are divergent. They are also nearly or quite fully developedwhen the leaves are yet partly expanded. The leaves are llsuallyonly three lobed and are more hairy, specially beneath, than in the

. red maple. On account of the three lobed leaves it was namedAce l' l' U b l' U m val'. t ri den s in Wood's Class Book of BotanyIt has generally been neglected by botanists but it certainly seemsworthy of recognition. The station here reported is the only one inour State known to me and is north of its previously recorded range.

Aecidium atriplicis ShearOn living leaves of young plants of the halberd leaved orach,

Atriplex patula hastata (L.) Gray. Orient Point, Suf­folk co. May. R. Latham.

Anthyllis vulneraria L.Introduced. Cobbs Hill reservoir. Rochester. September.

Miss Florence Beckwith. Determined by P. A. Rydberg.

Armillaria pinetorum Gill.Dccaying wooel. North Elba, Essex co. September. This species

of Armillaria is easily distinguished by its small size, scaly capand stem and very small spores. It differs fr0111 the European plantin growing on wood.

Artemisia frigida Willd.Cobbs Hill reservoir. Rochester. August. Miss F. Beckwith.

Introduced from the West but well established.'

Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt.Cobbs Hill reservoir. Rochester. August. Miss F. Beckwith.

Introduced from the West. This and the preceding one weredetermined by P. A. Rydberg.

Ascochyta imperfecta n. sp.Spots variable, 4-12 111111 in diameter, amphigenous, orbicular,

semicircular or subtriangular, the larger ones usually terminal ormarginal, pale brown or smoky brown, not sharply defined;

22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

perithecia amphigenous, few, depressed, .3-.6 mm broad, brown orblackish brown; spores variable, continuous or pseudouniseptate.cblong or subcylindric, obtuse, hyaline, 6-15 x 2·5-4 JL.

Living or languishing leaves of alfalfa, Me d i c ago sat i v aL. Geneva. May and Jnne. F. C. Stewart. .

It may be separated from As co c h y tam e d i c a gin i s Bres.by its habitat and smaller perithecia and spores.

Ascochyta rhei E. & E.Living leaves of pie plant, R h e u m r hap 0 n tic u m L. Orient

Point. R. Latham. This was originally described as P h y II 0 ­

s tic tar h e i E. & E.

Boletus albidipes n. sp.For description of this species see article on Edible Fungi in

another chapter of this report.

Boletus ballouii n. sp.

Plate VIII, figures I-5Pileus fleshy, firm, often irregular, convex: becoming nearly planc

or slightly depressed in thc center, dry, unpolished or minutelytomentose, occasionally rimosely squamose, at first brig'ht orange ororange tinged with brown, becoming wood brown or subcinnamonwith age or in drying, flesh white tinged with yellow beneath thecuticle, taste mild or sometimes slightly disagreeable; tubes at firstwhite or whitish becoming smoky brown where cut or bruised andLrown or brownish in drying, usually slightly depressed around thestem and adnexed or subdeeurrent; stem variable, solid, mealy orminutely scurfy, striate or subreticulate at the top, single or cespitose,white or pallid above, yellow or orange below, similar to the pileusin color when dry, its flesh when cut while fresh assuming a brownishtint, 'mycelium white, radiating at the base; spores pale yellowinclining to orange, 8-10 x 4-S JL, cystidia rare, fusiform, granularwithin.

Pi leus S-12 cm broad; stem 2.S-.1 2 cm long, 7-15 mm thick.Orient Point. October. R. Latham. Specimens have also been

received with cOpiotlS notes from W. H. Ballou for who\11 thespecies is named. They were collected in groves at or near DealBeach, N. J. It is said to be common in Monmouth co., N.]. Thisis a beautiful species apparently related to B 0 let u s sub san­g u i 11 e t1 s PI<. from which it differs in its dry pileus with its

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTAN1ST 191 I

orange color changing to brown, in its whitish tubes and in its stemapproaching the pileus in color.

Camarosporium mac1urae n. sp.Perithecia gregarious, about .3 mm broad, nestling in the bark,

erumpent, conic or subglobose, scarcely papillate, black; spores atfirst simple and hyaline, then colored and 3-s-septate and muriform,sometimes slightly curved, 15-20 x 8-10 p..

Dead branches of osage orange, Mac 1u l' a p 0 111 i fer a (Ra£.)Schneid. Orient Point. April. R. Latham.

The apertures in the epidermis through which the fungus breaksare either orbicular or subelliptic.

Centaurea maculosa Lam.Granville, Washington co. September. F. T. Pember. An

introduced species.

Cercospora medicaginis E. & E.Living leaves of alfalfa, M e die a gas at i vaL. Geneva.

June. F. C. Stewart.

Cercosporella terminalis n. sp.Spots narrowly oblong, 1-3 cm long, 3-5 mm broad, often con­

fluent, specially at the apical end of the leaf which is commonlyentirely discolored, brown or blackish brown, often sterile; tuftsmostly effused, forming linear flocculen"t white patches; sporesvariable, curved or flexuous, subcylindric or gradually taperingtoward the apex, continuous or 1-3-septate, often nucleate, 50-IS0 x3-5 p., supported on short simple or obscure hyphae.

Leaves of Indian poke, Ve rat rum vir ide Ait. Edwards,St Lawrence co. May.

This species is closely related to eel' cos p 0 l' ell a vel' a t l' iPk. fr0111 which it is easily distinguished by its earlier appearanceand by the different character of the spots. Their habit of becomingconfluent and discoloring the whole apex of the leaf has suggestedthe specific name. Notwithstanding the- obscure char.acter of thehyphae, a careful search even in young and slightly discolored spotsfailed to detect any acervuli.

Clavaria subtilis Pers.Among fallen leaves of spruce trees. North Elba. September.

In some of the specimens the tips of the ultimate branchlets haveretained their pure white color.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Clitocybe fumosa brevipes n. var.This variety differs from the typical form in its constantly short

stem which is 1.2-2 cm long. Its thickness is nearly equal to itslength. It is so short that the pileus appears to rest on the ground.

Canandaigua. October. Miss E. C. Webster. Near New YorkCity. W. H. Ballou.

Clitocybe hirneola Fr.North Elba. September.

Clitocybe sinopicoides n. sp.Low wet places. North Elba. June. For the description of this

species see chapter on New York species of Clitocybe.

Clitocybe splendens (Pel's.) Fr.Mossy ground under balsam fir trees. North Elba. June. ,This

species is allied to C lit 0 c y beg i I v a (Pel's.) Fr. frOln which itmay be separated by its whiter flesh, its thinner pileus and its lesscrowded lamellae. The spores in both are subglobose and 4-5 ft

broad.Clitocybe sudorifica n. sp.

Gregarious. Grassy ground. Saratoga Springs, F. G. Howland.Albany, S. H. Burnham. Canandaigua, Miss E. C. Webster. Sep­tember to November. For description see chapter on New Yorkspecies of Clitocybe.

Clitocybe tuba Fr.Woods. North River. September.

Clitocybe tumulosa Kalchh.Woods. North Elba. September.

Coniothecium chomatosporium Cd.Branches of apple tree. Glens Falls. April. C. L. Williams.

Coprinus domesticus (Pel's.) Fr.Syracuse. June. L. H. Pennington. A very rare species.

Coronophora angustata Fckl.Dead trunks of bayberry, ]\I[ y ric a car 01 i n ens is Mill.

Orient Point. April. R. Latham.

Cortinarius albidipes n. sp.The description of this species will be found in the chapter on

Edible Fungi in this report.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19II

Cortinarius phyllophilus n. sp.Pileus fleshy, thick, compact, convex or nearly plane, viscid, some­

what shining and slightly innately fibrillose when dry, pale tawnyochraceous, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, close, eroded on theedge, yellow becoming brownish cinnamon; stem short, stout, firm,abruptly bulbous, silky fibrillose, whitish with ferruginous stains atthe base; spores somewhat pointed at the ends, 10-12 x 5-6 p..

Pileus 7-12 cm broad; stem 3-5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm thkk.Among fallen leaves in woods. Humphreys gorge, Lewis co.

September.The species belongs to section Phlegmacium, group Scami. The

color of the spore print is clark cinnamon. Young lamellae yellow.

Cortinarius purpurascens Fr.Canandaigua. September. Miss E. C. Webster.

Coryneum disciforme K. & S.Dead branches of basswood, Til i a a mer i can a L.

Vaughns, Washington co. June. S. H. Bttrnham.

Cytospora rhoina Fr.Dead branches of smooth sumac, R h u 5 g I a bra L.

Rensselaer. February. S. H. Burnham.

Cytospora salicis (Cd.) Rabenh.Dead branches of willows. Orient Point. May. R. Latham.

Dasyscypha sulphuricolor n. sp.Cups sulfur color, gregarious or subcespitose, subsessile, 1-3

mm broad, minutely villose, hymenium plane or convex, marginedby the incurved edge of the cup; asci subcylindrical, 70-80 x 3-4 p.;

spores oblong or subfusiform, 10-12 x 2-3 p., paraphyses filiform.Decaying wood of black ash, F r a xi nus n i g r a Marsh.

Remsen, Oneida co. August. The species is apparently related toD a s y s c y p hap u I v e r u len t a (Lib.) Sacco but it differs fromit in its larger size, longer asci and spores and in its habitat.

Deutzia scabra Thunb.The rough leaved deutzia is plentiful along the stream at C'*flake

Iron Works, Columbia co. July. S. H. Burnham. It has evidentlyescaped from cultivation but is apparently well established. Occa­sionally double flowered specimens are seen, which indicates thatsuch plants grew from branchlets of De u t z i a s cab r a var.pie n a Maxim. which had taken root and developed into shrubs.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Diplodia spiraeina SaccoDead branches of nine bark, P h y soc a r pus 0 p u I i f 0 I ius

(L.) Maxim. Near Rensselaer lake; Albany co. May. S. H.Burnham.

Diplodina medicaginis Oud.Dead stems of alfalfa, Me d i c ago sat i vaL. Geneva.

April. F. C. Stewart.

Flammula sulphurea n. sp.

Plate VII, figures 7-IIPileus fleshy, subconic or convex becoming broadly convex,

glabrous, viscid, hygrophanous, watery yellow when moist, sulfuryellow after the escape of the moisture, sometimes with whitish·silky fibrillose scales on the margin, flesh white when dry, odor andtaste disagreeable; lamellae thin, close, arcuate, adnate, crenulateon the margin, whitish becoming clark ferruginous; stem equal,flexuous, fibrillose or squamulose below, stuffed or hollow, pale yel­low and naked at the top, ferruginous toward the base; spores darkferruginous, 8-11 x 5-6 p..

Pileus 2-6 cm broad; stem 3-6 cm long, 4-8 mm thick.Cespitose or densely gregarious. Grassy ground under apple

,trees or in orchards. October. Menands, Albany co. Canandaigua.Miss E. C. Webster. Geneva. F. C. Stewart. Pittsford, Monroeco. F. S. Boughton.

This species is related to F I a l1111111 1asp u m 0 s a Fr. withwhich it has probably been confused but from which it is easilydistinguished by its place of growth, its more cespitose mode ofgrowth, the uniform pale yellow color, fibrillose margin of the pileus,white flesh and larger spores. Its color is suggestive of F.a I n i col a Fr., but it is readily separated from that by its placeof growth, white flesh and viscid hygrophanous pileus. It is worthyof remark that this species has appeared for the first time thisseason in four distinct localities and in each one under or nearapple trees.

Fusarium pirinum (Fr.) SaccoOn decaying pears. Menands. August.

Ganoderma sessile Mmr.Dead wood of oak and elm. Poebles island, Waterford, Saratoga

co. September. S. H. Burnham. New York. W. H. Ballou. It

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 27

is colored like G a nod e r 111 a t s u g ae Murr. but is a smallerspecies with the pileus sessile and dimidiate.

Gloeosporium valsoideum SaccoSmall twigs of sycamore, PIa tan u soc ci den tal i s L.

Geneva. F. C. Stewart. It is easily distinguished from G 10 e 0 s ­p 0 r i u m n e r vis e q UU111 (Fckl.) Sacco by its habitat and largerand more conspicuous pustules.

Gutierrezia sarothra (Pursh) B. & R.Cobbs Hill reservoir. Rochester. August. Miss F. Beckwith.

Introduced but apparently well established.

Gymnolomia multiflora (Nutt.) B. & H.Cobbs Hill reservoir. Rochester. Augl1st. Miss F. Beckwith.

Introduced but apparently well established. This and the precedingone were determined by P. A. Rydberg.

Haplosporella ribis SaccoDead stems of some species of cultivated Ribes. Orient Point.

May. R. Latham.

Hebeloma sinapizans Fr.Canandaigua. September. Miss E. C. Webster.

Helvella capucinoides n. sp.Pileus thin, sl1bmembranaceous, saddle-shaped, usually with one

lobe deflexed, the other erect, the naked free margins of both curvedinward, the lower enfolding the top of the stem, the hymeniu111smoky ochraceous, becoming brown or ochraceous brown with ageor in drying, the lower or inner surface of the pileus white, rugulose;stem slender, firm, equal, stuffed or hollow, the surface wavy oruneveu, minl1tely and pubescently pruinose, snowy white; ascicylindric, 240-280 x 18-20 fL; spores oblong ellipsoid, uniseriate,uninucleate, hyaline, 20-28 x I2-r6 fL, paraphyses filiform, clavateat the tips.

Pileus .5-2.5 C111 broad; stem 2.5-7 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Gregarious. In groves of arbor vitae trees, T h u j a 0 c c i ­

cl e n tal is L. North River. September.This species agrees in some of its characters with the description

of H e 1veIl a cap u c ina Quel. but it differs in the shape andcolor of the pileus, in its naked margin a.nd its even surface. Thelarge nuclens of the spores in our plant is hyaline, not greenish asin the European.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Hendersonia grossulariae Oud.Dead or dying stems of c~11tivated gooseberry, Rib e s g l' 0 S S n ­

I a ria L. Orient Point. May. R. Latham.

Hydnellum peckii Banker inec1.Growing on the gronnd. North Elba. September. The plants

are single or cespitose andhave the pilei sometimes confluent. Thepileus is whitish becoming brownish or subviolaceous· with age.

Hygrophorus recurvatus n. sp.Pileus fleshy in the center, thin towal~d the margin, convex

becoming plane or concave by the margin curving upward, oftenlacerated on the margin, grayish brown and obscurely striatnlate onthe margin when moist, subalntaceous and even when dry, glabrons,the center often more highly colored than the margin, flesh white;lamellae sl1bventricose, distant, venosely connected, decurrent,whitish; stem fragile, equal, stuffed or hollow, fibrous, easily split­ting, subpruinose, white or whitish; spores broadly ellipsoid or sub­globose, 6-8 x 4-6 p. or 6-7 p. in diameter.

Pileus 1.2-2-4 cm broad; stem 2-4 cm long, 2-4 111m thick.Growing on lawns. Canandaigua. October. Miss E. G. Webster.The plants sometimes grow in arcs of circles. The relationship

appears to be with I-I y g l' 0 ph 0 r It s .c ole III ann ian 11 sBlox. from which it may be distinguished by its smaller size, palercolor, more fragile character and its upcurved margin of the pileusin mature plants. . .

Hygrophorus sordidus PI<.Among fallen leaves along the banks of Bronx river, New York.

October. F. L. Schrader. Orient Point. R. Latham.

Leptosphaeria distributa Cc. & E.) SaccoDead stems of some species of Asclepias. Edwards. May.

These specimens cliffer from the typical form in not blackening thecntic1e which at first covers the perithecia.

Marasmius epiphyllus Fr.Fallen leaves. Orient Point. August. R. Latham. Port Jef­

ferson, Suffolk co. Closely allied to Mar a s min sin sit i t iusFr. from which the more velvety stem will separate it.

Melanconis alni Ttl!.Dead branches of hoary alder, A I nus j n can a (L.) Moench.

Rossie, St Lawrence co. May. The specimens are young.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1911

Mycena atroumbonata n. sp.Pileus submembranaceous, convex becoming broadly convex or

nearly plane, umbonate, striate plicate from the margin half way tothe umbo, glabrous, dark watery brown and shining when moist,grayish brown with a black u111bo when dry; lamellae thin,moderately close, widely sinuate at the inner extremity, decurrentwith a tooth, white when young, whitish or livid white when mature;stem slender, rather long, glabrous, hollow, radicating, colored likethe pileus, with a white villosity at the base; spores oblong orellipsoid, granular within, often 2-nucleate, 6-9 x 5-6 p,.

Pileus 1,2-3.2 cm broad; stem 5-8 cm long, 1-2 mm thick.Gregarious. Mossy prostrate decaying trunks of hemlock,

T s u g a can ad ens i s (L.) Carr, North River. September.This species is closely related to M y c en a g a I e l' i cuI a t a

Scop. with which it probably has hitherto been confused. It differsin its gregarious mode of growth, its habitat, its black umbo, itswidely plicate striate margin of the pileus, its pure white younglamellae and its more expanded mature pileus.

Mycena metata Fr.Ground. Canandaigua. September. Miss E. C. Webster.

Naucoria arenaria n. sp.Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, glabrous, pale yellow or red­

dish yellow with paler margin; lamellae broad, distant, unequal,sinuate, brownish ferruginous; stem slender, rigid, glabrous, stuffedwith a: white pith, colored like the pileus, pseudobulbous ; sporesbrownish ferruginous 15-20 x 10-12 p..

Pileus .75-2 cm broad; stem 2-3 cm long, 1-2 mm thick.Sandy soil. Karner, Albany co. August.A small species closely related to N a 11 cor i a p I at y s per m a

Pk. but much smaller with more distant lamellae and a more rigidstem enlarged at the base by a globe of sand bound together by themycelium and firmly attached to the stem.

Oenothera muricata L.Canandaigua. August. Mrs E. P. Gardner, who also sends

specimens of 0 en 0 the I' a m uri cat a can esc ens (T. &G.) Robim.

Omphalia offuciata Fr.Under or near pine trees. Luzerne, Warren co. June. In our

specimens the spores are broadly ellipsoid or nearly globose,

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

6-8 x 5-6 p. or 5-6 p. in diameter. I have seen no description of theEuropean plant that gives the spore dimensions.

Ophiotheca vermicularis (Schw.) Macbr.Dead stems of herbs. Edwards. May. Determined by T. n ..

Macbride.

Peniophora tenuissima n. sp."\iVidely effused, very thin, indeterminate, adnate, not at all

or but slightly rimose when dry, whitish, subpruinose; sporesellipsoid, 8 x 4 p.; cystidia subcylindric or elongated conic, obtuse,50-80 x 15-20 p..

Bark of yellow birch, Bet u I a I ute a Mx. North Elba. June.

DeadMenands.

Periconia pycnospora Fres.stem of paeony, P a eon i a 0 f fie ina lisApril. Rare.

L.

Peronospora trifoliorum DeBy.Living leaves of alfalfa, M e d i c a gas at i vaL. Geneva,

Potsdam, Fayetteville, Canandaigua and Earlville. June. F. C.Stewart. Oospores were found in October.

Pestalozzia adusta E. & E.Living leaves of wild black cherry, P run u sse rot ina

Ehrh. Orient Point. July. R. Latham.

Pestalozzia funerea Desm.Twigs of white cedar, T h u j a a c c ide n t a lis L. Orient

Point. May. R. Latham.

Pestalozzia longiseta Speg.Living leaves of cultivated raspberry. Orient Point. August.

R. Latham.

Phacidium lignicola n. sp.Perithecia superficial or nearly so, about I 111m broad, orbicular

or broadly ellipsoid, prominent, rugose, black, laciniately opening,the margin with 3-5 triangular teeth; hymeniuffi blackish or green­ish black; asci clavate, 60-80 x 12 p. broad in the widest part; sporescrowded or subdistichous, continuous, straight or slightly curved,oblong or sometimes slightly narrowed toward one end, hyaline.12-15 x 3.5-4 p..

REPORT OF TIIE STATE nOTANIST 1911

Dry hard decorticated wood of Ati1erican aspen,t l' emu I 0 ide s Mx. Thompsons Lake, Albany co.

31

PopulusMay.

. Pholiota rigidipes n. sp.Pileus fleshy, rather thin, broadly convex, sometimes slightly and

broadly umbonate, obscurely squamulose with appressed hairybrownish scales more conspicuous in the center, pale yellow or buff,flesh white, tinged with yellow next the gills, taste mild; lamellaethin, rather broad, close, adnexed, brownish ferruginous whenmature; stem equal, slender, stuffed or hollow, more or less flexuous,rigid, floccose squamulose below the slight sometimes evanescentannulus, white and pruinose at the top, pallid below the annulus;spores ellipsoid, 8-10 x 5-6 p..

Pileus 5-8 em broad; stem 5-7 cm long, 4-6 mm thiclcAmong fallen leaves in woods. Constableville, Lewis co. Sep­

tember.This species is related to Ph 0 I i 0 tat err i g e n a Fr. from

which I have separated it because of its more slender habit, whiteflesh, adnexed lamellae and more slender rigid stem. The marginof the pileus in the dried specimen is obscurely striate.

Phoma amorphae SaccoDead stems of false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa L. Near

Kenwood, Albany co. May. S. H. Burnham.

Phoma bacteriophila n. sp.Perithecia minute, .2-.3 mm broad, at first covered by the epi­

dermis, then erumpent, scattered or densely gregarious, sometimescrowded and coverihg the whole branchlet, black; spores obovate orellipsoid, hyaline, 6-8 x 4-5 p..

Canker spots 011 young stems of white pine, Pin Lt sst l' 0 busL. and on dead branchlets which it completely covers. White Pineplantation, Saranac Lake, Franklin co. April. C. R. Pettis.

The young trees are killed by a bacterial disease and the deadspots of the trunk ~U1d dead branchlets are attacked by this andother fungi.

Phoma leprosa n. sp.Perithecia .3-.5 mm broad, depressed or subglobose, perforated,

covered with a whitish incrnstation; spores straight, cylindric,hyaline, 10-15 x 3-4 p..

Old fruit of the punctate fruited thorn tree, C l' a t a e guspun eta ta Jacq. Rossie. May.

32 NEW YORK STATE 11 USEUM

The sporophores are short or obsolete. The fungus is conspicu­ous by reasor! of the white crtlstlike scales that cover the peritheciaThis character is suggestive of the specific name.

Phoma smilacis B. & J.Dead stems of some species of Smilax. Orient Point. April.

R. Latham.

Physcia granulifera CAch.) Tuck.Lyndonville, Orleans co. C. E. Fairman. On stems of button

bush, C e p h a I ant h us 0 c c ide n t a lis L. Karner. Jan­uary. S. H. Burnham.

Polyporus melanopus Fr."Voods. Vaughns, Washington co. October. S. H. Burnham.

Determined by C. G. Lloyd. A rare species both in this country anclin Europe. It bears some resemblance to Pol y P 0 r u s r a c1 i ­cat us Schw. from which it is separated by its cespitose mode ofgrowth and its smaller spores. It is more closely allied to P.va r ius Fr.

Polysaccum pisocarpium Fr.Sandy soil in cedar woods. Orient Point. October. R. Latham.

Poria pulchella Schw.Bark of black willow, S a I i x n i g I' a Marsh. Loudonville,

Albany co. March, S. H. Burnham.

Psilocybe fuscofolia n. sp.Solitary, gregarious or cespitose. Vicinity of New York. Octo­

ber. W. H. Ballou. For description of this species see chapter onNew York species of Psilocybe.

Psilocybe polycephala (Paul.)Ground in woods. Constableville. September. Description given

in chapter on Edible Fungi.

Ramularia karstenii SaccoLeaves of E pi lob i u III a den a Cal) Ion Haussk. North

Elba. June. It 1110st frequently occupies the apical part of theleaves and discolors and kills them. The basal half of the leaf IS

llsually reddish.

Rubus glandicaulis Blanch.Roadsides and pastures. North Elba. June.

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTAN1ST 1911 33

Sagedia cestrensis Tuck.Bark of basswood, Til i a am e ric a n a L. Orient Point.

March. R. Latham.

Septoria aquilegiae Penz. & SaccoLiving leaves of wild columbine, A qui leg i a can ad ens i s

L. Rossie. May. S e p tor i a a qui leg i a e E. & E. appearsto be the same species.

Septoria dianthi Desm.Living or languishing leaves of sweet william, D ian t h us

bar bat u s L. Orient Point. June. R. Latham. In these speci­mens the spots are surrounded by a purple border.

Septoria malvicola E. & M.Leaves of the common or round leaved mallow, M a I v a

rot u n d i f 0 I i a L. Rossie. May.

Septoria mirabiIissima n. sp.Perithecia scattered, very minute, .1-.2 mm broad, superficial,

l' lack; spores filiform, flexuous or curved, continuous, hyaline.40-150 x 1.5-2 FJ., supported on slender sporophores, 20 Xl FJ..

Slightly discolored bark of white pine, Pin u sst rob u s L.Four year old seedlings. White pine plantation, Saranac Lake.April. C. R. Pettis.

A remarkable species because of its peculiar habitat and itsminute size. It is scarcely visible to the naked eye.. The spores areunusually long and when moist the perithecia are easily scrapedfrom the bark. The bark tissues had assumed a dark rusty red

.color, probably from some bacterial invasion and the trees were ina dying condition.

Sphaeronema minutulum D. SaccoDead stems of showy sedum, Sed u m s pee tab i I e Bor.

Lyndonville. October. C. E. Fairman.

Sphaeropsis amorphae E. & B.Dead stems of false indigo, Am 0 r p II a f rut i cos a L.

1·'Ienands. March. S. H. Burnham.

Sphaeropsis maclurae Cke.Dead hranches of osage orange, Mac I u rap 0 m i fer a (Raf.)

Schneid. Kenwood. May. S. H. Burnham. The perithecia arcdensely gregarious and cover the branches 011 all sides. Occasion-

34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEU]'"t

ally two are crowded togethcr thereby indicating an approach to thegen us Haplosporella.

Spongipellis occidentalis M un.Prostrate trunk of Amcrican elm, U 1m usa 111 e ric a n a L.

Vaughns. October. S. H. Burnham.

Stagonospora carpathica Baeuml.Living leaves of alfalfa, j\1 e d i c a gas at ivaL. Geneva.

June. F. C. Stewart. The typical form of the species occurs onleaves of sweet clover, Mel i lot usa 1b a Dcsv. but the formon alfalfa leaves does not differ essentially from it.

Steccherinum peckii Banker ined.Dead wood of sugar maple, Ace r sac c h a r n ITI Marsh.

Griffin Corners, Delaware co. September. The species is relatedto Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.) S. F. Gray fromwhich it differs in having a distinct stemlike base and in beingglabrous and more distinctly zonate. The pilei are oftcn laterallyconfluent as in S t ere 11 111 fa sci at um Schw.

Steganosporium fenestratum (E. & E.) SaccoTwigs and branches of sweet pepperbush, C1e t h r a a In i ­

f 0 1i a L. Orient Point. May. R. Latham.

Stigmina populi (E. & Eo) Pk.Living leaves of American aspen, Pop u lu s t rem u 10 i c1 e s

Mx. North Elba. June. This is a parasitic fungus which causesdead spots on the leaves. These. spots increase in size and oftenbecome confluent and kill the leaves. The spores develop on bothsides of the leaf and form dark olive green patches on the eleadspots. The species was placed in the genus ClasterosporiulTI byEllis and Everhart, but its phyllogenous and biophilous charactersevidently indicate a closer relationship to the genus Stigmina.

Teichospora trimorpha n. sp. Atle.Perithecia scattered or gregarious, rounded, orbicular or oblong,

rarely two or three conjoined, plane or shortly papillate, black, sunkin the bark; asci dimorphic, 30-125 x 12-15 {-t, cylindric or tapering'very gradually into a short pedicel, some collapsing, 4-6~ or 8­spored; spores uniseriate, z0-30 x 7-ro IJ., constricted in the middle.5-8-septate, blackish brown, frequently inequilateral, paraphyse~

filiform, numerous.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 35

Bark of dead branches of poplar. Fall creek above the dam.Near Ithaca. March 1894. G. F. Atkinson.

This species differs from T e i c h 0 s p 0 r a dis s e min a t aB. & C. in its much larger perithecia.

Dead branchesVaughns. June.

Thyridium paIlidum E. & E.of staghorn sumac, R h us

S. H. Burnham.typhina L.

Tricholoma boreale Fr.Lawns near Dudley observatory grounds under or near Austrian

pine trees. Albany. November. S. H. Burnham.

Tricholoma planiceps n. sp. . .Pileus fleshy but very thin, broadly convex or plane, glabrous,

grayish brown or yellowish brown with the thin acute margin some­times whitened by a very thin flocculent tomentum, flesh white;lamellae thin, narrow, close, slightly sinuate, white or whitish; stemslender, straight, stuffed or hollow, colored like but a little palerthan the pileus; spores broadly ellipsoid, 7-8 x 5-6 fl..

Pileus 2-5 cm broad; stem 4-6 cm long, 4-6 111m thick.In arbor vitae groves. North River. September.Allied to T ric hoI 0 111 a mel a leu cum (Pers.) Fr. from

which it differs in its very regular plane orbicular pileus, its morecrowded narrow lamellae, its strict stem and broader spores. Itshabitat is peculiar having been found only under white cedar trees,T h u j a 0 c c ide n t a lis L., and in but one locality. In thisstation it has been found two years in succession.

Tricholoma subsaponaceum n. sp.Pileus fleshy, compact, flexible, convex or nearly plane, glabrous,

whitish creamy white or pallid on the margin, s\110ky brqwn oralutaceous in the center, sometimes marked by a row of pallid orwatery spots near the ri1argin, assuming yellow or saffron hueswhere cut or bruised, flesh white, changing color like the pileuswhere cut or wotlnded, odor pleasant like anise, taste fa1'inaceous;lamellae broad, close, adnexed or nearly free, whitish; stem variable,equal or enlarged at the top or at the base, sometimes compressed,often abruptly narrowed at the base and radicating, silky fibrillose,solid becoming hollow with age, whitish, changing color •like thepileus where cut or bntised; spores broadly ellipsoid or stlbglobose,5-6 x 4-5 ft·

2

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Pileus 6-14 cm broad; stem 4-5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm thick.Among fallen leaves in woods. October. Brooklyn. F. H.

Ames. Also near Rockville, Indiana. G. T. Howell.The Indiana specimens are taken as the type. The species is

related to T I' i c hoI a mas a p 0 n ace U111 Fr. but differs fromit in the color assumed by wounded places, in its odor and tasteand in its spores.

Tricholoma subsejunctum n. sp.The description of this species will be found in the chapter on

Edible Fungi in this report.

Trimmatostroma salids Cd.Dead branches of willows. Ithaca. November. B. B. Higgins.

Uromyces spartinae Farl.Leaves of smooth marsh grass, Spa r tin a g 1a bra a 1t ern i­

flo r a (Loisel.) l\Terr. Shelter Island, Suffolk co. October.W. G. Farlow.

Ustilago hypodytes (Schl.) Fr.On dead stems of quack grass, A g r 0 p y ron l' e pen s (L.)

Bv. Lyndonville. Jnne. C. E. Fairman.

Verbena stricta Vent.Pastures. Granville. August. F. T. Pember. Introduced from

the western part of the country.

Vermicularia hysteriiformis n. sp.Perithecia elliptic or oblong, .3-.6 111m long, at first covered by

the epidermis, ~hen er!(mpent, setose, black, the setae continuous,erect or divergent, 50-120 x 4-5 p.., black, tapering upward, paleat the apex; spores oblong or subfusif-orm, straight or slightlycurved, acute at the ends, continuous, hyaline, 20-25 x 3-4 p...

Dead stems of blue cohosh, Caul 0 ph y 11 UI11 t hal i c­t r 0 id e s (L.) Mx. Troupsburg. May.

Volutella buxi (Cd.) Berk.Living and languishing stems and leaves of box, B u X us

s em per vir ens L. East Hampton, Suffolk co. October. MrsJ. H. Poor.

REPORT OF THE STATE DOTANIST I9I I

REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS

37

Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.

This fine large mushroom was found by F. H. Ames growingin the arc of a circle about IS feet in diameter. Long Island.September. Several species occasionally grow in this manner. Thefairy ring mushroom frequently does.

Agaricus subrufescens PIc

This rare species in our State was found by :Mrs R. C. Burnhamnear Vaughns in August. Its pileus was more distinctly squamosethan usual. The scales were larger and more conspicuous and theyoung lamellae were whitish and those of the mature plants werebrown. No intervening pink colored lamellae were seen.

Andropogon furcatus Muh!.

A glaucous form of this gl:ass occurs in sanely soil near Karner.August.

Calvatia gigantea (Batsch)

The giant puff ball is the largest species known. It is not unusualfor it to attain a diameter of 12-r4 inches. It is also one of the verybest of our esculent species. It has long been known to be edibleso long as its flesh is pure white and it has never been known toprove, so far as I am informed, injurious to anyone eating it inreasonable quantity and at reasonable times. The unfortunatething about it is that it is not common nor of long continuance. Itoccurs mostly in the month of September only and in limited stationswidely separated from each other and generally in limited numberin any station.. On the farm of one of our correspondents, Mr A. P.Hitchcock, New Lebanon, is a station in which a few specimenshave appeared annually for several years.

On Hie first day of September three or four young plants hadmade their appearance. These were in close proximity to eachother. On September 6th two more had appeared. Two wereselected for observation and numbered respectively I and 2. Thefollowing is the record of the development of these two as madeby Mr Hitchcock.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Sept. No. I No.2I circum. 10 in. es timatec1 circum. 6 in. estimated6 32 .75 measurcd 16 measured8 " 38 " " 34 "

10 " 42 .5 " 43·5II " 43·75 " 45.7512 " 42 " 46 "IS dccay commcnced " 46 "

On the 15th, the observations ceascd.

It will be seen that No. I continued to increase in size for tendays 01' to the lIth when its circumference was L~3.75 inches. Thetotal incremcnts amount to 33.75 inches. This gives an averagedaily increase of 3.37 inchcs. Number 2 continued to increaseeleven days when its circumference was 46 inches and thc total incre­ments amount to 40 inches. This gives an average daily increaseof 3.63 inches. It remained stationary three clays and then beganto decay. Number I being larger 'at the commencement of theobservations, it is fair to conclude that it started about one daybefore NO.2. This gives them both at least eleven days in whichto make their ftill development. We may therefore conclude thatthe average time of the developmcnt of these puff balls is abouteleven days and that their average daily rate of increase in circum­ference is about 3.5 inches or a little more than one inch in diameter.The average time of growth appears to be eleven or twelve day"or possibly twelve to fourteen days according to the length of timethese two had been above ground before they were first seen.

Centaurea nigra radiata DC.Homer, Cortland co. August. C. M. Crouse and Mrs L. L.

Goodrich. An introduced plant.

Cichorium intybus L.A white flowered form sometimes occurs. J\fenands. Angust.

Convolvulus arvensis L.Washington park, Albany. J nly. S. H. Burnham. A form grow­

ing on lawns with leaves oblong and only 1-2 lincs broad, the lobesat the base very narrow and divergent.

Coral1orrhiza trifida ChatelainNorth Elba. June. This delicate little coral root is becoming

very rare in our State. Its early blooming time, May and June,at once distinguishes it from our other small species.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 39

Cryptogramma stelleri (Gme!.) Prantl

Head of Plattekill cove, Ulster co. September. Mrs CharlesBeach. This little fern was found growing in the crevices of sand­stone rocks. It usually grows on limestone rocks and this is thefirst instance known to us in which it has been found growing onsandstone in our State. It occurs on sandstone cliffs in a few placesin the middle western states.

Drosera rotundifolia L.This common sundew and its variety com 0 s a Fernald occur

along the sandy shores of White lake, Oneida co. Specimens aresometimes found with the scape forked near the top, each branchbearing flowers and fruit. One thrifty plant had two forked scapesand two simple ones. There were six racemes borne on four scapes,which was a saving of two scapes. In the variety a similar economyis practised 1)y sHortening the rhacis 9f the raceme and crowdingthe flowers and fruit together.

Euphorbia corollata L.Sand hills near Albany rural cemetery. September. S. H. Burn­

ham. This is a rare species in our State. In the locality here givenit is probably an introduction from the western states.

Galera. reticulata Pk.

This rare species of mushroom was collected near Pittsford inOctober by F. S. Boughton. This is the second locality now knownfor it in our State.

Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal

Overrunning a pasture at Montgomery, Orange co. September.J. A. Crabtree. In New York State Museum Bulletin ISO, page 31,this plant was reported fr0111 Granville where it is recorded asgrowing in dry pastures on hillsides and in some places constitutingnearly all the vegetation. Its abundance and aggressiveness in boththese instances indicate that it is likely to become a noxious weedin our pastmes. It would therefore be well to destroy it promptlyin these places and in every locality where it may appear. A littlelabor of this kind promptly done may save much labor in thefutme and much loss of pasturage.

4° NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Grindelia squarrosa nuda (Wood) GrayCobbs Hill reservoir. Rochester. November. Miss F. Beck­

with. This variety differs from the typical form in its flower headshaving no ray flowers.

Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br.Fruiting specimens of this pretty orchidaceous plant were col­

lected in August in a low but not wet piece of ground near Karner.Scarcely more than a dozen plants of it have been seen here anyseason since its discovery several years ago. The past season therewere eleven. The vicinity has been deprived of most of its largertrees in comparatively recent years, yet the yellow fringed orchisis perpetuating itself well in spite of its cbanged environment. Itprobably could be cultivated if given a soil similar to that which itnow occupies.

Hypholoma rigidipes Pk.This mushroom was discovered two years ago at North River.

Mr F. S. Boughton has added a second station for it by findingit near Pittsford in October.

Lachnea hemisphaerica pusilla n. var.Cups small, 1.5-4 mm broad; spores uninucleate.

respects like the typical form. Exsiccated water holes.August.

In otherRemsen.

Lactarius minusculus Burl.Damp ground under or near pine trees. North River. Septem­

ber. In these specimens the milk was sparse or entirely absent, therjleus was viscid and the taste acrid. The color of the pileus isorarige brown, sometimes darker in the center <;]1an on the margin.

Lepiota rhacodes Vitt,This lepiota is very rarely seen in our State. Fine specimens

were found near Holley, Orleans co. in October by C. A. Mabie.

Lobelia cardinalis L.A white flowered form of the showy cardinal flower was found

at Gull bay, Lake George in August by Mrs H. II. Murdock.

Lonicera tatarica L.Pastures. Hornell. l\fay. Two forms occur. One has young

flowers pink, the other white, but the flowers of both become yellow­ish with age or in drying.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 4I

Lonicera xylosteum L.Well established in the woods south of Kenwood. May. S. I-I.

Burnham.

Lysimachia punctata L.Roadsides near Randolph, Cattaraugus co. August. W. B. Lim­

berger. Plants with whorled flowers only.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.A peculiar form of this plant was collected near Canandaigua in

July by Miss E. C. "\iVebster. It has a terminal raceme which givesthe plant the general appearance of L y s i mac h i ate 1'1' est l' is(L.) ESP. The flowers are more closely placed, the pedice1s areshorter and the petals and sepals are marked by dots instead oflines or dashes as in that species. There are also two short oppositethyrselike racemes just below the terminal one, and two longerand looser clusters among the leaves beneath. These are distantfrom each other with two leafy branches between them. The singlecontributed specimen suggests the possibility of its being a hybridbetween L. thyrsif lora L. and L. terrestris (L.) BSP.

Mentha gentilis L.Introduced and occmring specially in waste places in gardens

and in dooryards. Kingsbury, "\~Tashington co. August. S. H.Burnham. It is recognizable at a glance by its variegated leaves,these having whitish or pale yellowish stripes along the principalveins.

Merulius ulmi Pk.The type specimens of this species were found on dead branches

of elm. It has been found at Orient Point growing on bayberry,M y l' i c a car 0 lin ens i s Mill. The fanner specimens are sterileand have the hymenium brightcr colored than the latter. The sporesin these are globose and 4-5 I.t in diameter.

Osmunda cinnamomea bipinnatifida CluteWoods south of Kenwood. May.' S. H. Burnham. It differs

from the common form in having somc of the lower pinnae pin­natifid.

Plowrightia morbosa (Schw.) SaccoSpecimens illustrative of the different cffects of the black knot on

the host plant were collected on chokecherry, P run n s vir-

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM:

gin ian a L., near Meadowdale, Albany CO., in July. Some of thebranches were completely surrounded by the black knot, others werepartly surrounded. Those surrounded showed dead leaves onlyabove the knot, those partly surrounded showed green leaves onlyabove the knot.

Polygonum hydropiper L.A slender form with elongated drooping spikes bearing white

flowers. Remsen. August.

Polyporus albellus PIc.

This species has been common this season while its near relativeI' 0 I y pOl' usc h ion e u s Fr., which is usually plentiful, hasbeen scarce. Peculiar weather conditions appear to be responsiblefor the comparative abundance of one and the scarcity of the other.

Polystictus parvulus Klotsch

This species has been unusually abundant in burnt places on LongIsland whence specimens have been sent by W. H. Ballou. Theyare often confluen t in tufts of two, three or more. Pol y pOl' U sf 0 c i col a B. & C. is considered synonymous with it in Sylloge.

Rubus sativus (Bail.) Brainerd

Thin woods. Karner. In fruit July and August.

. Rynchospora fusca (L.) Ait. f.

Abundant along the shores of White lake. August.

Solidago juncea ramosa P. & B.

Association island, Henderson Harbor, Jefferson co. August.e. Guillet.

Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton

Abundant in sandy soil of pastul~es. Round Lake. September.

Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.

This extremely rare orchidaceous plant is recorded in Torrey'sFlora of the State of New York from a single locality, Parma,Monroe county. One additional station has been discovered for itby M. S. Baxter. This is at Adams Basin not far from Parmastation. The past season Mr Roy Latham has discovered a third

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTAN1ST 19II 43

station for it at Orient Point where he collected fine specimensof it, some of which he has kindly contributed to the Stateherbarium.

Trichostema dichotomum L.

Orient Point. September. R. Latham. The flowers of thi,;plant are generally blue. From this the C0111mon name blue curlsis evidently derived. The plants sent by 1\1r Latham have pinkflowers.

Ustilago osml1ndae Pk.

Fresh specimens of this singular and imperfectly understoodparasitic fungus were collected on the royal fern, 0 s m un d areg a lis L., by S. H. Burnham, in Cambridge, Washington co., inJune. An examination of them revealed a feature previously over­looked. In the early stage of the fungus the cell, which eventuallybecomes two spores, is single. Soon it develops into a pair of glo­bose echinulate reddish brown spores, 12-16 J.I. in diameter, thesefinally separate and with others form a dusty layer of spores overthe surface of the young pinnae on 'which they develop. In develop­ing its spores in pairs this species is unlike the genus Ustilago aridis therefore referred to the genus Mycosyrinx and takes the nameM y cos y r i n x a s m u n d a e Pk.

Mycosyrinx osmundae cinnamomeae n. var.

This differs from the typical form in the paler brown color ofthe spore mass and the even surface of the spores. It occurs onthe base of the pinnae of the cinnamon fern, 0 s m11 n d a c inn a ­m a 1Tl e a L. It is very rare. Only two small specimens werefound. Cambridge. June. S. H. Burnham.

Vaccinium oxycoccus L.This cranberry is common to Bonaparte swamp, Cranberry

marsh, Averyville marsh and Peacock marsh. It is found in nearlyall OUr sphagnum marshes and on the open mossy sllmmits of mostof the high mountains of the Adirondacks. It is a very hardy speciesand can maintain itself where the larger and cultivated species,V a c c i n i u m 111 a c roc a r pan Ait, can not. It is there­fore available for cultivation where the other would be a failure.For the purpose of exhibiting the peculiar flora of Peacock marsh alist of its plants is here given. This list was made June IS, 191 I.

44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Amelanchier oligocarpa (M);.) Roem.Andromeda glaucaphylla Link.Carex canes. disj uncta .Fem.e. exilis Dew.e. pauciflora Lightf.e. paup. irrigua (Wahl.) Fem.e. stricta Lam.Chamaedaphlle calycnlata (L.)MoellchEriophorul1l callitrix Cham.Kalmia :J.ngustifolia L.

Kalmia polifolia Wang.Larix laricina (DttRoi) KochLedum groenlandicum Gede!'Nemopanthes mucronata (L.) Trel.Picea mariana (Mill.) ESP.Sarracenia purpurea L.Smilacina trifolia (L.) Des!.Vaccilli um canadense Kalm.V. oxycoccns L.V. penllsylvanicum L.

This marsh, in the town of North Elba, is a small one, probablynot over three acres in extent, lying apparently less than a mile eastof Averyville marsh. It is circular in outline and has no visiblestream running through it. It is a shrubby marsh with numer­ous trees of tamarack and black spruce scattered over it and incli­eating that the time is not far distant when it may properly becalled a swamp. Except a half dozen sedges there were but twoherbaceous plants found. These are the three-leaved sl11ilacina,S mil a c ina t r i f 0 I i a (L.) Desf., a liliaceous plant and thepitcher plant, S <l r r ace n i a pur pur e a L., neither of whichwas found in Averyville marsh. No grass was found there. Ofthe twenty-one species occurring on the marsh, thirteen are treesand shrubs and eight are herbaceous. Of these herbaceous plants,five are carices, only one of which was found on Averyville marsh.It is remarkable that such a dissimilarity should exist in the herba­ceous vegetation of two marshes so near to each other in locationand stages of development.

Vernonia altissima N utt.

Roadsides. Middleville, Herkimer co. September. Miss M. C.Burns. This species has also been found by Dr J. V. Haberer inNew Hartford, Oneida co. It is a rare plant with us.

Veronica virginica L.

Brown's grove. Scottsville, Monroe co. August. Miss F. Beck­with. A noble appearing plant commonly known as Culver's physicor Culver's root and hav.ing some reputation as a medicinal plant.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 45

NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF EXTRALIMITALFUNGI

Cercospora eustomaeSpots suborbicular, definite, grayish or grayish brown, surrounded

by an elevated line ; hyphae amphigenous, densely aggregated on thespots or occupying large areas of the unspotted parts of the leaves,simple or septate, irregular or nodulose at the top, 30-60 x 4-6 j1.;

spores very variable, straight, curved or flexuous, often irregular orof unequal diameter in different parts, oblong or subcylindric, sub­hyaline, continuous or obscurely I-2-septate, 20-60 x 4-6 j1..

Living leaves of Ens tom a and l' e w s i i A. Nels. and E.l' us sell ian um (L.) Griseb. September. Denver, Colorado.E. Bethel. Wood River, Nebraska. J. M. Bates.

The species is peculiar in the variability of its spores. The tuftsof hyphae are sometimes so crowded that they appear to form aneffnsed sooty stratum.

Cercospora pastinacae (Sacc.) comb. nov.Spots small, inconspicuous, amphigenous, yellowish green or

brown, bounded by veinlets ; hyphae hypophyllous, aseptate, nodn­lose at the top, pale brown, 40-60 x 6-8 j1.; spores oblong or cylin­clric, rarely narrowed towarcl the apex or when uniseptate havingthe apical cell narrower than the other, straight or curved, I-3­septate, 25-85 x 6-8 j1..

Living leaves of parsnip, Pas tin a cas a t i vaL. Red Cloud,Nebraska. October. J. M. Bates.

This fungus was originally referred by Mr Ellis to C ere 0 s ­pOl' a a p i i Fres. though with some hesitation, as he says thathe is strongly of the opinion that it will yet prove to be distinct.Professor Saccardo later gave it the name C ere asp 0 l' a a p i ipas tin a cae Sacco It appears to us to be a distinct species in itsnumerous small spots limited by the veinlets of the leaf, in itsbroader aseptate hyphae and specially in its broader subcylindricconidia with only 1-3-septa.

Cercosporella mirabilisSpots angular, irregular, 2-IO mm long, sometimes confluent, at

first yellowish or pallid, soon reddish brown; hyphae long, creeping,branched and interwoven or short, simple, erect, hypophyllous, hya­line; spores cylindric or gradually tapering from near the base to

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the apex, n1l1ltinucleate and sometimes 1-3-septate, more or lesscmved or flexuot1s, rarely curved at the apex, hyaline, 40-120 x 3-5p" sometimes rising from creeping hyphae, sometimes from minutesclerotioid 'boclies on the older and darker spots.

Living leaves of C l' a t a e gus r i v 1\ I a l' i s Nutt. Morrison,Colorado. August. E. Bartholomew and E. Bethel.

This is a remarkable aberrant and variable species, and possiblythe type of a new gentls. The best development is from the youngerspots or the margin of the older ones and in these cases its whiteflocculent masses are plainly visible to the naked eye. In the olderspots minute black perithecialike clots scarcely visible to the nakedeye appear. Under the microscope minute rather obscure hyphaeappear to arise from these and bear smaller and less plentiful spores.Is this a sc1erotioid state of this fungus?

Coryneum sorbi

Acervuli numerotls, discoid, erumpent, orbicular or ellipsoid, .5-1mm broad, black; spores oblong or oblong-ovoid, triseptate, oftenirregular, colored, 12-20 x 8-9 p,; spcirophores short or obsolete.

Dead twigs of S 0 r bus c a I i for 11 i c a Greene. Tulare co.,California. August. J. D. Cnlbert80n. Communicated by E.Bartholomew.

The disklike receptacles are crowded and surround the twigs.The small terminal cell of the spore is often semipellucid. Fre­quently the spore is abruptly contracted in some part of its outline.This gives it an irregular appearance.

Dermatea mori

Receptacle orbicular ellipsoid or slightly irregular, 1-2 mm broad,bwadly convex or nearly plane, erumpent, smrounded by theremains of the ruptured epidermis but sometimes more elevated,black or brownish black; asci cylindric or subclavate, 60-90 x 20-25p,; spores oblong or subcylindric, crowded or biseriate, continuous,hyaline, 20-30 x 8-10 p,.

On 4ead twigs of Russian mulberry, M 0 l' usa I bat a tar i c aLoud. Concordia, Kansas. April. E. Bartholomew.

The spores are sometimes slightly narrowed near the middle andthen they resemble in outline the sale of a shoe. By the blackishcolor of the receptacle the species makes an approach toward thegenus Cenangium, b1.1t the texture is somewhat waxy and indicatesa closer relationship to Dermatea.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19II 47

Diaporthe inornata

Perithecia collected in valsoid clusters 1-1.5 m111 broad, 4-14 ina c1nster, abont .3 nll11 broad, black, whitish within, nestling' in theinner bark with no circumscribing black line, the long crowded blackostiola piercing and obliterating the cortical stroma, enunpent, sur­rounded by the ruptnred remains of the epidermis; asci subfL1siform,60-80 x 8-10 p.; spores crowded, oblong or sllbfl1siform, with ashort bristle at each end, constricted at the septum, 2-4-nucleate,15-2 4 x 3-4 p..

Deael branches of staghom sU111ac, R h u sty phi n a L. CabinJohn Bridge, Maryland. June. E. Bartholomew.

The species is apparently related to D i a po r the s y n­g e 11 e s i a (Fr.) Fckl. from which it differs in its smaller clusters,longer and differently shaped asci and in its longer spores. Thestroma is cortical and surrounded by no black line. This suggests

. the specific name.

Diplodia polygonicola

Perithecia minute, abundant, densely gregarious, forming longpatches on the stems, erumpent, black; spores oblong or broadlyellipsoid, at first hyaline, then colored, finally uniseptate, 14-16 x8-9 p..

Dead stems of dock leaved persicaria, Pol y go n u m I a p a­t hi f 0 I i u m L. Blue Rapids, Kansas. July. E. Bartholo­mew.

Entoloma subtruncatum

Pileus sllbconic, thin, glabrous, hygrophanous, pale yellow ochreand striatulate when 1110ist, paler and subshining when dry, trun­cate or slightly umbonate, the margin il1curved, the cuticle separa­ble; lamellae thin, broad, adnexed, moderately close, unequal, whit­ish becoming tinged with pink; stem slender, equal or slightly attenu­ated upward, terete or compressed, hollow, silky fibrillose, pale yel­low, with a whitish mycelioid tomentum at the base; spores angu­lar, apiculate at 'each end, 12-14 x 8-10 "'.

Pileus 2-3 em broad; stem 3-8 cm long, 2-5 mm thick.Solitary or gregarious. Under pine trees. Stow, Massachusetts.

November. S. Davis.The more or less truncate apex of the pileus affords a distin­

guished feature of this species and is suggestive of the specificname,

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Gloeosporium psoraleae

Pustules minute, on brown or blackish brown orbicular spots,.25-.75 nl1n broad, partly concealed by the hairs on the lower sur­face of the lcaf; spores oblong or subellipsoid, straight or slightlycurved, hyaline, 14-20 x 4-5 iL.

Leavcs of prairie apple, P SOl' a I e a esc ul en t a Pl1rsh.Webster, Nebraska. June. E. Bartholomew.

Graphyllium chloes junciThis variety differs from the type in its spores which are not dis­

tinctly constricted at the septa and in its paraphyses which are rudi­mentary or obsolete.

On stems of baltic rush, J un c usb a I tic us Vfilld. Scotia,Nebraska. September. J. M. Bates.

Henningsinia caespitosa

Stroma subclavate, .5-1 cm high, 3-4 111111 broacl at the top, nar­rowed below into a stemlikc base, cespitose or rarely only two unitedat: the base, obtuse at the apex, sometimes with a slight umbo, black,s0111eti111es shining; perithecia oblong, about 1 111111 long, vertical inthe upper part of thc stroma, interior substance white bcneath them iasci ovate or clavate, 35-40 x 14-16 iL; spores crowded in the ascus,oblong, continuous, colored, 10-12 x 6-7 iL.

Bark of West Indian birch, Bur s era g u mm i fer a J acq.Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. November. C. F. Baker.

This species differs from I-I e n n i n g sin i a d 11 r iss i m a A.Moell. in its mode of growth, much smaller size, shorter perithecia,broader asci and broader spores.

Hysterium cubense

Perithecia gregarious or clustered, oblong or ellipsoid, straight,curved or rarely flexuous, at first erumpent, then superficial by thefalling away of the epidermis, even, 1-2 111m long, .5 mm broad ancIhigh, black; asci cylindric, 160-200 x 15-20 p.; spores uniseriate,ublong or ellipsoid, 3-septate, colored, 30-40 x 12-16 iL, the terminalcells longer than the central cells.

Dead branches lying on the ground. Nazarene, Cuba. September.C. F. Baker.

This species is related to H y s t e r i u m p u lie are Pel's.from which it may be separated by the smooth perithecia, cylin­dric asci and uniseriate and larger spores.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 49

Leptonia davisianaPileus thin, submembranous, co11Vex becoming plane or broadly

depressed, fragile, glabrous but slightly squa111ulose in the center,often widely striate when dry, blackish brown; lamellae thin, close,subventricose, adnexed, at first white then pi'nldsh and pulverulentfrom the spores; stem slender, equal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow,colored like the pileus; spores angular, uninucleate, 10-12 x 8-10 p..

Pileus 1-2.5 Cl;1 broad; stem 1.5-3 cm long, 1-2 nl1n thick.Among short grass on· a lawn. Brookline, Massachusetts. Aug­

ust. S. Davis, to whom the species is respectfully dedicated.It differs from L e p ton i a a b nor m i s Pk. in its smaller size,

closer adnexed lamellae, squamulose disk and larger spores. Thelamellae are somewhat tough in the dried state.

Leptostromella scirpinaPerithecia epiphyllous or rarely amphigenous, suborbicular or

oblong, .20-.75 111111 long, discoid or concave, subsuperfieial, black;spores subbacillary, hyaline, curved, continuous, acutely narrowed ateach end, 20-25 x 2-3 p..

On dead leaves of dark green bulrush, Sci r pus at r 0 vir e 11 s:MuhL Superior, Nebraska. May. J. M. Bates.

The perithecia sometimes occm on a pallid spot, occasionally 011

both sides of the leaf. The species appears to be related to L e p ­tostromella hysterioides (Fr.) Sacco but the spores areneither guttulate nor cylindric.

Lysurus borealis serotinusSpecimens of this fungus in the egg state were collected in Salem,

Mass., and contributed in fresh condition by Mr W. H. Ropes inOctober. These were placed in a damp chamber and two of themburst from the egg and completed their development. At first thearms, six in number, at the apex of the stem are curved inwardtheir tips meeting at the center of the dome thus formed. In thisposition the margins of the arms are rolled backward but the edgesare separated by a narrow white stripe, the central sterile exteriorof the arm. The contiguous margins of any two adjacent armsare then in close contact and separated only by ari. inconspicuousimpressed line, and the exterior surface of the dome is covered by alayer of the blackish or very dark olive green spores and the hYl11en­ial snrface is apparently external, although interrupted longi­tudinally by the six white stripes. Anyone seeing the fungus in thiscondition for the first time would be likely to refer the species to

50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEU;;,r

the genus Anthurus. But soon the tips of the arms separate andthe upper part of the dome opens outward or becomes divergent,when it is plainly seen that the inner surface is real1y the hymenialsurface and the species must therefore be referred to the genusLysurus.

In these specimens the external part of the arms is white, whilein the typical form it is described as pink. In them there are alsosix white lines or stripes radiating from the base of the stem andmarking the inner surface of the volva. I find no mention of asimilar character in the type specimens. This character and thewhite color of the exterior of the arms anel the late appearanceof the fungus lead me to separate this form under the nameLysurus borea'lis (Burt) v. serotinus n.var.

Macrophoma burserae

Perithecia minute, 100-200 p. broad, covered by the epidermis,gregarious or aggregated and forming unequal slightly prominentand often confluent pustules, black, white within; spores ellipsoid,hyaline or nearly so, 16-20 x 10-12 p..

Bark of West Indian birch, Bur s era g u m111 i fer a Jacq.Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. July. C. F. Baker.

A species easily recognized by its habit of forming broad pustulesor slightly prominent patches beneath the epidermis.

Macrophoma numerosa

Perithecia minute, .3"'':'.5 111m broad, numerous, closely gregariolts,membranaceous, nestling in the bark, erumpent, black, whitishwithin; spores oblong-fusiform, continuous or binuc'leate, acute atthe ends, 12-20 x 3-4 p.; sporophores very short or obsolete.

Dead branches of locust, Rob i n i a p s e 1.1 d a c a cia, L.' Cin­cinnati, Ohio. June. E. Bartholomew.

The fungus oC'cupies small branches, surrounding them and ex­tending several inches on them.

Morchella conica serotina

Pileus conic or irregular, pointed at the apex or rounded andobtuse, sometimes perforated by a small circular aperture, oftensterile with the hymenitll11 brown and the edge of the costae whitish.

Roslindale, Massachusetts. October. Mrs U. C. Sherman andMiss J. F. Conant.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 51

The late appearance of this fungus is remarkable and the varia­bility of the pileus makes it desirable that it should have a distinctdesignation.

OVl.llaria avicularis

Spots large, suborbicl1lar or oblong, pale brownish rcd; hyphaeamphigenous, erect, forming minute white crowded tufts, 25-35 x3-4 /L; spores oblong or ellipsoid, sometimes slightly narrowed to­ward the basc, hyaline, 12-20 x 6-8 /L.

Living leaves of knotgrass, Pol y g 0 n u 111 a vic ul are L.Wood River, Nebraska. June. J. M. Bates.

This species differs from 0 v 11 I a ria rig i d ul a Delacr.which occurs on leaves of the same host plant, in being amphigenous,in having shorter and more narrow hyphae, shorter and broaderspores and differently colored spots.

Paxillus microsporusPileus fleshy, thih, convex becoming nearly plane, subglabrous,

white becoming whitish, sometimes brownish in the center, slightlyviscid when moist, the margin involute, spreading when matureand even or distantly striate with short elevated ridges and inter­vening depressions, flesh white; lamellae thin, !larrOW, close, adnatewhen young, decurrent when mature, occasionally forked or slightlyanastomosing at the base, whitish, becoming pale yeIIowish brownor raw umber; stem short, usually tapering downward, solid orstuffed, colored like the pileus; spores brownish ochraceous, minute,sll'bglobose, 2-3 /L in diameter.

Pileus 1-6 cm broad; stem 1-6 cm long, 3-8 nun thic1cSolitary or cespitose. Ground under chestnut trees. Waltham,

Massachusetts. October. G. E. Morris. The species is remark­able for its small spores.

Phoma roystoneaePerithecia minute, about .2 Ulm broad, amphigenous, gregarious,

abundant, black; spores minute, oblong or subcy1indric, hyaline,5-8 x 1.5-2 /L supported on short hyaline sporophorcs.

On royal palm, Roystonea regia (UBK.) O. F. Cook.Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. July. C. F. Baker.

PIl.lteus alveolatus eccentricus. ,Stem short, curved, eccentric; spores pale pink, in old or water

soaked specimens paler or yellowish, globose or subglobose, min­utely rough or pitted, 6-8 p. in diameter.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

011 decaying wood. Rockville, Indiana. September and October.G. T. Howell. In other respects it matches the description of thetype.

Septoria magnospora

Spots small, 2-3 mm broad, pallid or whitish with a reddish brownborder; perithecia epiphyllous, minute, .20-.25 mm broad, depressed,black; spores large, broadly filiform or subcylindric, curved, hya­line or faintly tinged with greenish yellow, continuous or plurisep­tate, 45-80 x 3-4 /L.

Living leaves of P l' U nus f l' e m 0 n t i i Wats. San Diegoco., California. January. S. C. Mason. Communicated by E.Bartholomew.

Tricholoma terraeolens majus

Pileus 2-6 cm broad, umbonate, nearly plane or sometimes de­pressed around the umbo when mature; stem 6-10 em long, 4-6 111111

thick, solid.In other respects similar to the type. Stow, Massachusetts.

October and November. S. Davis.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19II

EDIBLE FUNGI

S3

Tricholoma subsejunctum n. sp.

SUDDISJOINED TRICHOLOMA

Plate 124, figures 1-5Pileus fleshy, conic or convex, often wavy and lobed on the mar­

gin, slightly viscid when moist, virgate or reticulate with blackishbrown fibrils, blackish brown, often pale yellow or greenish yellowon the margin, flesh white, taste farinaceous; lamellae thin, close,rounded behind, adnexed, white, sometimes tinged with yellowanteriorly; stem stout, solid, nearly equal, white, sometimes tingedwith yellow; spores minute, 5-6 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 2.5-7 cm broad; stem 3-5 cm long, 6-12 mm thick.The subdisjoined tricho10ma is a rare species. It has been seen

by the writer but once and then only in limited quantity. It wasfound growing gregariously among mosses and fallcn leaves underevergreen and deciduous trees on the margin of a swamp nearMohawk Hill, Lewis county, in September.

The cap is 1-2.5 inches broad, at first conic but expanding withage, with the margin sometimes irregular, wavy or lobed and thesurface cqvercd with brown or blackish brown fibrils which radiatefrom the center toward the margin and sometimes form reticula­tions by connecting with each other. The general color is grayishbrown or blackish brown, yellow on the margin and at first nearlyblack in the center. In wet weather it is a little viscid. Its gills arewhite, sometimes yellow at the onter extremity. They are slightlyattached to the stem, which also is white and occasionally tingedwith yellow. The stem is 1-2 inches long and 3-6 lines thick, solidand firm. The taste is farinaceous. Thc plants may be sought111 September and October.

Tricho1oma equestre albipes n. var.

WHITE STEM EQUESTRIAN TRICHOLOMA

Plate 124J figures 6-9Pileus fleshy, convex becoming plane or nearly so, viscid whcn

moist, glabrous or with a few spot/ike scales in the center, fleshwhite, taste farinaceous; lamellae thin, close, si.nuate, slightly ad­nexed, yellow; stem equal, solid, glabrous, white; spores ellipsoid,6-8 x 4-5 p..

54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Pileus 2.5-6 C111 broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 6-8 111m thick.The white stem variety of the equestrian tricholoma scarcely

differs fr0111 the typical form of the species except in having a whitestem. It is gregarious or cespitose in its mode of growth, its capis viscid when moist, and 1-2.5 inches broad, its stem is 1-2 incheslong and 3-4 lines thid" The cap is yellow or greenish yellow onthe margin, reddish yellow in the center and there usnally adornedby a few spotlike apprcssed scales. The flesh is white and likethat of the preceding species has a farinaceous taste. It grows inthin woods or open places ane! occurs in September. North River.

Volvaria bombycina (Pers.) Fr.

SILKY VOLVARIA

Plate 12S, figures 1-3Pileus fleshy, campanulate or very convex, densely silky fibrillose,

white or whitish, flesh 'white, taste mild; lamellae broad, close, free,whitish becoming bright pink; stem straight or curved, solid, silkyfibrillose, white, valva large white or whitish; spores flesh coloredor pink, ellipsoid, 8-ro x 5-6 /10.

The silky volvaria is a large species which usually grows in asolitary manner. It inhabits the sugar maple, Ace r sac c h a r 11mMarsh., and grows from dead places in living trees. It is a noblelooking species. Its pileus is 2-4 inches broad; the stem 2-4 incheslong, 4-6 lines thick. It bnrsts from a large persistent valva whichis white or whitish and appears like a cup 01' loose wrapper atthe base of the stem. Its specific name has reference to the copioussilky fibrils which persistently cover the cap. The species may befonnd at any time during July, August and September. Its flesh isfirm but tender, palatable and satisfying. Unfortunately its scarcitydetracts from its availability as an esculent species. The spores inour plant are larger than the dimensions given for those of theEuropean plant and the color of the pileus is paler.

Pholiota discolor Pic

FADING PHOLIOTA

Plate 127, figures 1O-1SPileus thin, convex, beco}Uing nearly plane, glabrous, viscid,

hygrophanous, watery cinnamon and often striatulate on the marginwhen moist, pale yellow or subochraceous when dry, flesh white,taste mild; lamellae narrow, close, adnate, pallid becoming paleferruginous; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow, fib-

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 55

rillosely striate, l)allid or brownish, often with a white mycelioidtomentum at the base; spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x 5-6 p..

Pileus 2-4 C111 broad; stem 2-5 cm long, 2-5 mm thickThe fading pholiota is a small but commOI1 species growing in

woods on decaying wood or branches. It is easily distinguishedfrom P hoI i 0 t a aut um n ali s Pk. by its viscid cap. Thcchange of color il\ the cap by the escape of its moisture is verynoticeable and is suggestive of the specific name. It grows singlyor somewhat gregariously and very rarely in small tufts. In thiscasc the caps are apt to be smaller than usual. It usually appcarsin Aug'ust ane! September. Its caps are rarely more than one ane!a half inches broad.

Psilocybe polycephala (Paul.)

!\IANY CAP I'SILOCYDE

Plate 127, figures 1-9Pileus fleshy but thin, subcampanulate convex or ncarly planc,

glabrous, even, hygrophanous, at first whitish with a reddish yellowcenter, then darker or brownish and obscurely striatulate on themargin while moist, paler or whitish when the moisture has escaped,flesh white or whitish when dry, taste mild; lamellac thin, narrow,close, adnexed or nearly free, whitish becoming purplish brown;stem equal or flexuous, hollow, glabrous, mcaly or pruinosc at thetop, white; spores purplish brown, ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 1-3 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long; 2-4 mm thiclcThe many cap psilocybe is a small mushroom but it sometimes

occurs in such abundance as to make it available for culinary pur­poses. It is not highly flavored but it is harmless. It has beenclassed as a mcre variety of Psi 10 c y b e spa e! ice a Fr. fromwhich it differs chiefly in its modc of growth and in its ncarly freefuscous brown gills. When growing on the groune! it forms denselycrowded troops or patches several inches in diamcter. This isRiven as the typical form. It also grows on trnnks of trees, but itthen appears to be more cespitose ane! to grow larger. This formis represented in our plate by figurcs 3-9. Other marks by whichit differs fro111 P. spa d ice a Fr. arc its smooth, not scabrous,pileus, and its clear white stem. The form growing on tree trunksis larger than that growing on the ground and has the cap morestrongly convex approaching bell shape. It is darker brown whenmoist and paler or whitish whcn dry. The dried specimens retainthis color better than the dried specimens of the terrestrial form in

NEW YORK STATE MUSEU.M

which the brown color is more permanent and more clearly shown.The moisture escapes first from the center of the cap, last fro111the thin margin.

The gills in the young plant are white or whitish, but they soonchange to the purplish brown of the mature plant. The stem inthe Iignatile form is sometimes slightly stained toward the base.Our specimens were found in woods near Constableville, in Sep­tember. The larger form was growing' from a dead place in thetrunk of a sugar maple tree about two feet from the ground; thesmaller form ,vas growing on the ground at the foot of the treeand on the same side. Specimens of both were collected at thesame time.

Entoloma grayanum PIc.

GRAY ENTOLOMA

Plate I26, figures I-7Pileus fleshy, but thin toward the margin, broadly convex or

nearly plane, sometimes broadly umbonate, glabrous, 1110ist or sub­hygrophanous, whitish or grayish brown, flesh white, taste farinace­ous; lamellae thin, moderately close, adnexed, whitish becomingflesh colored; stem equal or nearly so, solid, stuffed or hollow, silkyfibrillose, white or pallid; spores angular, uninucleate, 7.5 p. indiameter.

Pileus 5-8 cm broad; stem 3-7 cm long, 4-IO 111111 thick.The gray entoloma is a very variable mushroom, both in size,

habit and color. The cap ranges from I-3 inches broad and fromwatery white to grayish brown. Its stem also may be long, slenderand flexuous or short, stout and straight and from I.5-3 inches longand 2-6 lines thic1c. It may be solid, stuffed or hollow, and whitewhitish or pallid. The flesh of the cap is white when dry and itsflavor is distinctly farinaceous. The gills are at first white butwhen mature they are pink. They never aSSll111e the brown colorso characteristic of the common 111ushroom and other species ofthe genus Agaricus which have pink gills when young. The modeof growth is single, loosely gregarious or rarely cespitose. TheylIsually grow among fallen leaves in mixed woods and may be .found from July to September.

REpORT OF tHE STATE DOTAN1ST 191 I 57

Cortinarius albidipes n. sp.

WnITE STEM CORTINARIUS

Plate u8, fig~wes 1-6Pileus fleshy~ compact, hemispheric becoming broadly convex,

obtuse or subumbonate, viscid, glabrous and shining when dry, buffcolor, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae 4-6 111111 broad, moderatelyclose, pale violaceous when young, cinnamon when mature; stemcommonly narrowed upward fr0111 a thickened or bulbous base, firm,solid, silky fibrillose, white i spores subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 p..

Pileus 5-10 cm broad; stem 5-8 cm long, 1-1.5 cm thick at thetop.

The white stem cortinarius is a large fine species easily recognizedby its buff colored viscid cap, its violaceous young gills and its whitestem thickened or bulbous at the base. In similar species, havingthe young gills violet, the top of the stem is also violet. The whollywhite stem therefore separates this species fr0111 all such relatedspecies. Sometimes the spores lodge on the remains of the whitewebby veil and form a conspicuous rust or cinnamon colored ringnear the top of the solid stem. The cap is frol11i2-4 inches broad,the stem is 2-3 inches long and about 5 lines thick at the top. Theplants grow among fallen leaves in woods. Collected near Con­stableville in September. Found but once.

Agaricus campester majusculus n. val'.

LARGER MUSHROOM

Plate 129, figures 1-5Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, fibrillose and squamose

on the margin, even in the center, the margin surpassing the lamellae,the color is dark umber brown, flesh firm, white, not at all or butvery slightly and slowly assuming a faint ruddy tint when cut, tastemild, agreeable; lamellae thin, close, free, pink, becoming brown orblackish brown; stem stout, equal, stuffed, fibrillose, white, with awhite annulus, the white veil at first concealing the lamellae; sporesbroadly ellipsoid, 7-9 x 6-7 p..

Pileus 6-15 cm broad; stem 2.5-7 cm long, 1-2 cm thiclc.The larger mushroom is one of very many varieties of the com­

mon mushroom. It closely approaches the garden mushroom, val'.11 0 r ten sis Cke., but differs from it in its rather larger size,darker colored cap with even center and more coarsely scaly margin.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

In the color of the cap it approaches the brown mushroom var.n m b r in u s Vitt., but that has an even cap and a squamulose stem.The cap also resembles that of var. v i II a tic u s Brand., butthat also has the stem squamose below the coIlar. It inhabits richsoil anel was found in October at Schenectady by Mrs Geo. E.Dt11'yee. The flesh is firm but not tough. It affords a very sub­stantial, enjoyable and satisfactory dish scarcely inferior in thisrespect to the common mushroom.

Boletus albidipes PIc.

Boletus granulatus albidipes Pk. N. Y. State MllS. Rep't 54, p. r68

WHITE STEM nOLETUS

Plate I30, figzwes I-5Pileus fleshy, convex becoming broadly convex or nearly plane,

viscid or glutinous, yellowish white when young becoming paleochraceol1s with age and then obscurely spotted by the drying gluten,flesh white, tubes plane, adnate, whitish in the young plant, becomingyellow and finally brownish ochraceous, the edges of the dissepi­1l1ents naked or rarely with few glandular dots; stem short, equal,solid, white, with few or no glahdular dots at the top; spores 8-10 x3-4 p...

Pileus 5-8 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 8-12 m111 thick.The white stem boletus is related to the granular boletus, B ole­

t us g ran ul a t u s L. It may be separated from that species byits paler cap, white flesh and few or no glandular dots at the topof the stem and on the edge of the dissepiments of the tubes. Gre­garious. Under or near. white pine trees. The cap is 2-4 inchesbroad; stem 1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines thick. This is an excellentedible species and may be sought in Septembei- in pine groves orunder or ncar white pine trees, speciaIly in rocky places.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19II

NEW YORK SPECIES OF CLITOCYBE

59

Clitocybe Fr.Pileus generally fleshy, specially in the center, flexible or rather

tough, convex plane or centrally depressed, umbilicate or infundi­buliform, involute on the margin, flesh confluent with the stem;lamellae adnate or decurrent, not normally sinuate; stem normallycentral, externally more compact, fibrous, somewhat elastic, solidstuffed or hollow; veil sometimes present as a slight silkiness onthe pileus or its margin.

Terrestrial or occasionally lignicolous, usually gregarious or cespi­tose. They occur chiefly in late summer apd autumn. Many speciesare edible but a few are known to cause sickness and one is verysudorific. None are known to be fatally poisonous.

The species are numerous, variable in color and not alwayssharply limited from each other. This has given rise to numeroussynonyms and much difficulty in the identification of some of thespecies.

They have been divided into two large groups or series. The firstincludes all species having a dry pileus and those having a moistbut not clearly a hygrophanous pileus, that is a moist pileus whichdoes not essentially change its color with the escape of the super­flUotlS moisture. This series includes all of the large species andmany of medium size with a few small ones.

The second series includes those species in which the pileus istruly hygrophanous. The flesh is thin, soft and watery and changescolor with the escape of moistme. The pilells is convex planeumbilicate or centrally depressed and sometimes cup shape but notnormally infnndibuliform. In one section the flesh is separableinto two horizontal layers. The species are mostly terrestrial, gre­garious and of medium or small size.

KEY TO THE SECTlONS

Series A

N at truly h3'gro/,hollottsPlant solitary or sl1bgregariol1s, pilel1s fleshy, regl1lar,

lamellae regl1larly adnate or decurrent , DisciformesPlant commonly cespitose, pileus often il"l"egular or

eccentric, lamellae irregularly adnate or decurrent DifformesPlant soon infundibl1liform or deeply and umbilicately

depressed, lamellae regularly decurrent from the first.. Infundibuliformcs

60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM I

Series BPlant truly h)lgrophanous

Pileus thin, depresscd or cup shape, lamcllae adnate be-coming decurrcnt Cyathiformes

Pileus thin, convex flattened or depressed, glabrous,lamellae thin, close, horizontal, adnate or decurrentwith a tooth Orbiformcs

Section Versiformes differs from Orbiformes chiefly in havingthe pileus not glabrous. It is largely composed of species whichwe have placed in the genus Laccaria. Other New York representa­tives are wanting.

SERIES A

Not tfllly hyg1'ophanous

DisciformesPileus subequally fleshy, convex, plane or depressed; lamellae at

first adnate or regularly adnato-decurrent.Solitary or gregarious, commonly terrestrial, rarely lignicolous.

This section includes many species of very diverse size, habitat andappearance and they are not always sharply limited from each other.The pileus, in some of the more fleshy species, assumes a broadlyobconic shape when mature. The pileus is dry in some, moist, butnot truly hygrophanous, in others. The ~pecies have been assembledin groups depending on the color of the pileus.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Pileus somc shade of brown or cinereous I

Pileus reddish or tan color 3Pileus some shadc of yellow 4Pileus green or greenish odoraPilcus grayish or whitish 8Pileus white or watery white when moist 12

Stem tapering upward : 2

Stem not tapering upward media2 Lamellae crowdcd nebularis2 Lamcllae not crowdcd clavipes

3 Taste and odor farinaceous, pilcus even pinophila3 Tastc and odor not farinaccous, pileus rivulosc , rivulosa

4 Growing on decaying wood 54 Growing on the ground , , 6

5 Pilcus minutely squamulose decora5 Pileus glabrous , .. sulphurea

6 Young pileus hairy or tomentose subhirta6 Young pileus glabrous 7

7 Taste bitter, stem stuffed fellea

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19II 61

7 Taste not bitter, stcm solid " biformis8 Pilcus more than 4 cm broad trogii8 Pilcus not morc than 4 cm broad , 9

9 Plant odorous , . , . , , , . , , , ro9 Plant inodorous .,., , , , , , '" II

10 Stcm solid , , , , , apertaro Stcm stuffcd or hollow , ,., .. " ,.,.,,' .. ,.,'. alhidula

II Pileus umbilicate, shining , " , ,' ,., hirneolaII Pilcus not umbilicatc, not shiniug , ,' ,." , 5udorifica

12 Growing on wood " , " " , , 13

12 Growing on thc ground or among fallcu leaves .. , ,., 1413 Pilcus dry , , , " , ,." .. , .. " ,." .. truncicola13 Pilcus moist whcn young or in wct weather, . , , , , , leptoloma

14 Pilcus dry .. , , ,., , .. ",;, albissima14 Pileus moist whcn young or in wet wcather , , IS

IS Stenl brown , ', "., .. , ', " . fuscipesIS Stem not bI'own, white or whitish , . , ., , ., " ,16

16 Stem fibrillosely reticulate ' .. , , subcyathiformis16 Stem not fibriIlosely rcticulatc .. " , , ", 17

17 Pileus more than 5 cm broad , , .. , .. , ,"', ': "., .. IS17 Pileus less than 5 cm broad 21

18 Stem solid " , " , .. , , .. ,., , , .. 19

18 Stem stuffed or hollow ., .. , , ,., , 20

19 Lamellae vcry closc, color white, persistent ' cerussata19 Lamellae white becoming pallid"" ,.,." , .. ,., difformis19 Lamellae whitish , .. , ,., ,. robusta

20 Lamellae becoming yellowish with age ,., , phylIophila20 Lamellae persistcntly white ', ,., ,. pithyophila

21 TiJ.ste 'acrid " , , , .. , " gallinacea21 Taste not acrid , ,.", 22

22 Stem bulbously thickened at thc base , regularis22 Stem not bulbously thickened at the base" , , , 23

23 Stem glabrous, shining, hollow , candicans23 Stem fibrous, pruinose or mealy above, stuffed , '" ., dcalbata

Clitocybe media Pk.

INTERMEDIATE CLITOCYllE

N. y, State Mus. Rep't 48, P.I73, P1.23, fig,I-7

Pileus fleshy, convex becoming plane or slightly depressed in thecenter, often wavy or irregular all the margin, not polished, grayishbrown or blackish brown, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae broad,subdistant, aclnate or decurrent, whitish, the interspaces oftenvenose; stem equal or nearly so, solid, elastic, colored like Or a littlepaler than the pileus; spores ellipsoid, 8 x 5 fL.

Pileus 5-19 C111 broad; stem 2.5-5 C111 long, 8-16 111111 thick.

distinguished by its obconic pileus andC lit 0 c y bee a r 11 0 s i a r Pic. is a

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Gregarious or scattered. Mossy ground in woods. Essex co.September. Rare. Edible.

This species differs from the two following in its thinner pileusand equal stem.

Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) Fr.

CLOUDED CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. RC[J't 48, p.I72 , pbS, fig.8-IS

Pileus fleshy, compact, convex becoming plane or slightlydepressed in the center, even, grayish or clouded with a grayishnebulosity, sometimes darker in the center becoming paler withage, sometimes with a yellowish tint, flesh white; lamellae close,narrow, aclnate or slightly decurrent, white or pallid; stem firm,stuffed, generally tapei'ing upward, fibrillosely striate, white orpallid; spores minute, ellipsoid, 4-5 x 2-3 }-t.

Pileus 5-10 cm broad; stem 4-8 cm long, r0-20 111m thick.Woods and bushy places. September: Rare. Edible.Hiti1erto found in only two or three places in our State. The

pileus is sometimes broadly obconic when mature.

Clitocybe cIavipes (Pers.) Fr.

CLUD STEM CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 4, P.IS9, pI.46, fig,I-6

Pileus very fleshy, convex or nearly plane, obconic, obtuse at witha small umbo, soft, grayish brown, sooty brown, sometimes darkerin the center than on the margin, flesh white, taste mild; lamellaerathcr broad, subdistant, decurrent, white or cream colored; stemtapering upward from a thickened or subbulbous base, solid, elastic,.soft and spongy within, glabrous or slightly fibrillose, colored likeor a littlc palcr than the pilcus; spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x 4-5 IJ..

Pileus 2.5-7.5 cm broad; stem r-6 cm long, 6-u mm thick atthe top, r5-24 n1111 at the base.

Solitary, gregarious or rarely cespitose. Woods. Common. Julyto October. Edible.

This species is readilynpwardly tapering stem.synonym.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

Clitocybe pinophila Pk.

PINE CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 31, P.32Pileus fleshy, thin, convex becoming umbilicate or centrally de­

pressed, glabrous, pale tan color when moist, paler when dry, odorand taste farinaceous; lamellae moderately close, subarcuate, adnateor slightly decurrent, whitish; stem equal, glabroL1S or slightlypruinous, colored like the pileus; spores bl:oaclly ellipsoid or subglo­bose, 5-6 x 4-5 p,:

Pileus about 2.5 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2-4 mm thiclcGregarious. Under or near pine trees. Not common. Albany,

Essex and "Warren counties. July and August.Sometimes the pileus becomes striate on the margin in drying.

Clitocybe rivulosa (Pel's.) Pr.

RIVULOSE CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.1S3

Pileus thin, convex becoming' plane or depressed, obtuse, oftenundulate on the margin, glabrous or at first adorned with whitishdown, rivulose, rufescent, then pallid, flesh white, taste and odoragreeable; lamellae rather close, broad, slightly decurrent, whitetinged with pink; stem equal, stuffed, subfibrillose, spongy within orhollow, tough, whitish; spores ellipsoid, 5-6 x 3.5-4 ,.".

Pileus 2.5-6 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 6-8 111m thiclcGregarious. Woods. Adirondacks. Rare. Found but twice.

Clitocybe decora Pr.

DECORATED CLITOCYllE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 25, P,73 as A gar i ellS (T r j c hoI 0 111 a )111 tt 1tip u net II s Pk.

Pileus fleshy, thin, convex becoming plane or slightly depressed,dotted by minute brown or blackish hairy squamules, yellow, fleshyellow; lamellae close, narrow, obtnsely adnate, yellow; stem equal,often curved, stuffed or hollow, fibrillose or squamulose, rarelyglabrous, sometimes eccentric; spores sl1bglobose, 5-6 x 4-5 /10.

Pileus 3-7 cm broad; stem 2.5-6 cm long', 4-6 mm thiclcDecaying trunks of coniferous trees. Hilly and mountainous

.regions. Angust.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

T ric hoI 0 m a m ul tip un c t 11 m Pk. is a synonym. Onaccount of its stem being occasionally eccentric the species might besought among- the Pleuroti.

Clitocybe sulphurea PIc

SULFUR-COLORED CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 41, p.62Pileus convex, slightly umbonate, moist, pale yellow, flesh yellow­

ish; lamellae subdistant, adnate, serrulate, pale yel1ow; stem equalor tapering upward, curved or flexuous, hollow, colored like thepileus; spores subglobose or broadly ellipsoid, 6-8 x 5-6 fL.

Pilens 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 2.5-7 cm long, 4-8 mm thick.Decaying wood of spruce and balsam fir. Catskil1 mountains.

September. Rare. Found but once.

Clitocybe subhirta PIc

HAIRY CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 32, P.25Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed, in­

curved on the margin, at first hairy tomentose, then nearly glabrous,pale yellow or buff becoming whitish; lamel1ae close, adnate ordecurrent, whitish or pale yellow; stem nearly equal, stuffed orhollow, sometimes eccentric; spores subglobose, 4-5 p. in diameter.

Pileus 2.5-7.5 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 6-10 mm thick.Woods. Onondaga co. September. Found but once.

Clitocybe fellea PIc.

BITTER CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't sr, p.284, pl.B, fig.8-nPile1.1s thin, convex or hemispheric, obtnse or umbilicate, minutely

furfuraceous, pale yellowish brown, flesh whitish, taste bitter;lamellae thin, subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, white; stemequal, firm, glabrous, fiexllolls, stuffed with a white pith, with awhite mycelioid tomentum at the base; spores broadly ellipsoid, 6-8 x4-5 p..

Pileus 1.2-2.5 cm broad; stem about 2.5 cm long', 2-4 nll11 thick.Gregarinus. 'vVoods. Saratoga co. July. Found bnt once.The bitter taste snggests the specific name and is a convenient

character by which to identify the species.

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTANIST 191 I

Clitocybe biformis Pk.

TWO-FORM CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. Bul. ISO, p.2S, pI.VI, fig.g-IS

. Pileus fleshy but thin, broadly convex or nearly plane becomingcentrally depressed or subumbilicate, glabrous, even or obscnrelystriate on the involute margin, pale buff, more deeply colored inthe center, flesh white; lamellae thin, close, narrow, decurrent.whitish or pallid becoming subcinnamon with age or in drying; stemequal, firm, solid or stuffed, often curved, sometimes eccentric,tomentose at the base, colored like or a little darker than the pileus;spores broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5 p...

Pileus 2.5-7.5 cm broad; stem 2.5-3.5 cm long, 4-8 m111 thicl"Growing in circles or arcs of circles in woods. Essex co. Sep­

tember. Found but once.This species is remarkable for the change in form in passing from

youth to old age, and also for the change in color of the lamellae.The pileus sometimes has a moist sodden appearance as if water­soaked. The mycelioid tomentnm at the base of the stem causes amass of decaying vegetable matter to adhere closely to the stemwhen pulled from its place of growth.

Clitocybe odora (Bull.) Sow.

SWEET CLITOCYllE

Sylloge V, P.IS3

Pileus fleshy, tough, convex becoming plane or nearly so, obtuseor subu111bonate, even, glabrous, regular or sometimes wavy on themargin, moist in wet weather, green or dingy green, fading withage or in drying, flesh whitish, odor pleasant like anise; lamellaethin, not close, adnate or slightly decurrent, white or becoming pallid;stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, stuffed or hollow,elastic, glabrous, whitish or greenish; spores 6-8 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 4-7 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 4-8 111m thid"Scattered or subgregarious. 'Woods and bnshy places. Not rare.

Albany, Suffolk and Saratoga counties and Adirondack mountains.Angust.

vVe have not fonnd the typical form with Iamellae It not close."In all om specimens reported under the names A gar i c u svir ens Scop. and A. 0 d 0 l' us Bull. or their equivalents Cli­tocybe virens (Scop.) and Clitocybe oelora (Bull.)Sow. the lamellae are close and white or whitish and the stem is

66 NEW YOlU{ STATE J\IUSEU~I

either solid, stuffed or hollow. Even in the same collection we havefound some of the stems solid and some decidedly hollow. All ourcollections of these had the agreeable odor ascribed to C. 0 dar a .\Ve have therefore followed the English mycologists in not tryingto make a distinction between C. vir ens Scop. or its equivalentc.:. vir i dis Fr. and C. 0 d 0 l' a. We consider an of our plantsas a mere form of C. 0 do l' a differing fr0111 the European speciesonly in having the lamellae close.

Var. ani s a l' i a Pk. differs from am ordinary form inhaving the pileus adorned with innate fibrils and the margin moreor less striate. It is A gar i c us (C lit 0 c y be) ani sa l' iusPk.

Clitocybe trogii Fr.

TROG CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 26, p. 53, as Agaricus (Clitocybe) COl1nCXllS PIc.

Pileus fleshy, thin on the margin, convex becoming nearly plane,obtuse, glabrous or minutelY silky, white or grayish white, opaque,odor fragrant, spicy; lamellae close, adnate or slightly decurrent,white or whitish, 2 or 3 mm broad; stem equal or nearly so, firm,solid, whitish, downy or villose at the 'base; spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x

4-5 fL·

Pileus 5-7 cm broad; stem 2.5-7 cm long, 3-5 mm thick.Woods. Lewis co. September. Rare.In the American specimens the margin of the pileus is some­

times tinged with bluish green when young and fresh. The speciesis closely allied to eli to c y be ado r a (Bull.) Sow. from whichit differs in the grayish and more compact pileus and the constantlysolid stem.

Clitocybe aperta Pic

OPEN CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rcp't 30, P.38

Pileus convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, often irregu­lar, whitish, sometimes tinged with lilac and markecl by one or twCJclarker zones, odor farinaceous, taste disagreeable; lamellae close,narrow, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish, often with a faintpinkish tinge; stem short, equal or attenuated downward, solid,whitish; spores 4 x 3 fL·

Pileus about 2.5 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2 mm thick.

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTANTST T9II

Gregarious or cespitose. Grassy ground by roadsides and 1ll

pastures. Otsego co. September. Rare.

Clitocybe albidula Pk.

WHITISH CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 53, p. 841, pI. C, fig. 16-'-20 as C. centralis Pk.

Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane becoming umbilicate or cen­trally depressed, glabrous, whitish tinged with brown wholly or inthe center only and faintly striatulate on the margin when moist,whitish when dry, flesh whitish, taste and odor farinaceous; lamellaethin, close, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish; stem short, equal,glabrous or slightly pruinose, stuffed or hollow, colored like thepileus; spores minute, ellipsoid, 5-6 x 2.5-3 p...

Pileus 1-3 cm broad; stem 2-4 cm long, 2-4 111m thic1cGregarious. In pine or mixed woods. September and October.

Common.C lit 0 c y b e c e n t l' a lis PIc differs from the type only in

having the center of the moist pileus sou1.ctimes tiilged with brown.It is therefore united with it.

Clitocybe hirneola Fr.

LITTLE JUG CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.145

Pileus thin, broadly convex becoming plane or nearly so, centrallydepressed or umbilicate, even, shining, dry, tough, involute on themargin, gray or whitish, flesh white; lamellae thin, rather broad.slightly decurrent, whitish gray; stem slender, tough, equal, sub­flexuous, stuffed, glabrous, similar to the pileus in color, whitepruinose or mealy at the top; spores ellipsoid, grayish white,s x 3 p...

Pileus 6-10 mm broad; stem 2-4 cm long, 1-2 111m thick.Scattered or gregarious. Among mosses. Essex co. September.

Rare. Found but once.A small species, the pileus scarcely reaching 12 mm in diameter.

Clitocybe sudorifica (Pk.)

SUDORIFIC CLITOCym:

Plate VII, fig. 1-6

Pileus fleshy but thin, broadly convex or nearly plane, often be­coming slightly depressed in the center or umbilicate, irregular and

3

68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

splitting or lobe~ on the thin spreading margin, glabrous, waterywhite when moist, whitish or grayish white when dry, flesh waterywhen moist, white when dry, taste mild, odor none; lamellae thin,narrow, close, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish; stem short,equal or sometimes narrowed at the base, glabrous or merely prui­nose, stuffed with a white soft or spongy center or hollow when old,often curved or some~hat flexuous, white or whitish; spores sub­globose, 4-5 x 3-4 p..

Pileus 2-4 cm broad; stem 1-3 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Gregarious. Lawns and grassy places. Albany, Ontario and

Saratoga counties. September to November. Rarely the pileus hasan obscure zone near the margin.

This species was at first confused with eli to c y bed ea1­bat a Sow. but after its sudorific property was discovered it wasdesignated eli t 0 c y bed e a I bat a sud 0 l' if i c a PI<. N. Y.State Mus. Bu!. ISO, p. 43. Still further investigation leads me toconsider it worthy of specific distinction. Dr W. W. Ford hasfound it sufficiently toxic to cause the death of frogs, rabbits andgUinea pigs, though it may be eaten by man in moderate quantitywith no more serious results than a profuse perspiration, sometimescontinuing five or six hours. It should be considered medicinal andunwholesome and avoided as an article of fooel.

Clitocybe truncicola Pk.

TRUNK INHABITING CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 26, P.54

Pileus thin, firm, expanded or slightly depressed in the center,glabrous, dry, white; lamellae close, thin, narrow, adnate or slightlydecurrent, white; stem slender, equal, stuffed or hollow, glabrous,whitish, often curved and eccentric from the place of growth;spores broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4 fL.

Pileus 1.5-2.5 cm broad; stem about 2.5 cm long, 2 mm thick.Trunks of deciduous trees, specially sugar maple. Adirondack

mountains. September. Rare except in the mountains.

Clitocybe leptoloma Pk.THIN MARGIN CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 32, p.2(J

Pileus thin, plane or infundibuliform, umbilica;te, glabrous, creamywhite when moist, white when dry, very thin on the margin; lamellae

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

thin, narrow, close, some of them forked, decurrent, white; stemequal, glabrous, generally curved or flexuous, stuffed, colored likethe pileus, with a white villosity at the base; spores minute, globoseor subglobose, 3-4 p. broad or 4 x 3 p.. .

Pileus 3-5 cm broad; stem 3-5 cm long, 2-4 m111 thick.Gregarious or cespitose. Prostrate trunks of trees. Adirondack

mountains. August. Not common.The width of the lamellae is about equal to the. thickness of the

flesh of the pileus. They gradually taper toward each end. Thestem is occasionally eccentric.

Clitocybe albissima Pk.

VERY WHITE CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 26, P.S3

Pileus fleshy, convex or nearly plane, dry, soft, even, pure white,inodorous; lamellae moderately close, some of them forked at thebase, 'adnate or slightly decurrent, white; stem equal, glabrous, solid,white; spores ellipsoid, 8 x 5 p..

Pileus 5-7 cm broad; stem 3-6 cm long, 4-6 mm thick.Gregarious or sometimes growing in arcs of circles. Woods.

Common. August and September.The pure white color and soft texture are retained by the dried

specimens. Closely related to C lit 0 c y b e c e r u s sat a Fr. butnever moist nor are the lamellae very crowded as in that species.I t is an attractive, neat-looking species. C lit 0 c y b e sub s i m ­i lis Pk. is specificalIy the same differing only in the more conicor turbinate shape of the pileus.

Clitocybe fuscipes PIc

BROWN STEM CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 44, p.I7

Pileus thin, broadly convex or plane, umbilicate, glabrous, whitishand striatulate when moist, pure white when dry, odor and tastefarinaceous; lamellae nearly plane, subdistant, adnate or slightlydecurrent, white; stem equal, hollow, glabrous or slightly mealy atthe top, brown when moist, paler when dry; spores globose, 5'-6 p.

broad.Pileus 8-16 inm broad; stem about 2.5 em long,· about 2 mm thick.Under pine trees. Cattaraugus co. September. Rare. Fouud

but once.

70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUH

Clitocybe subcyathiformis Pk.

SAUCER CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Bu!. 122, P.I36, p!.IIO,fig.I-6

Pileus fleshy but thin, broadly convex or nearly plane becomingcentrally depressed, glabrous, watery white· and often obscurelystriatulate on the thin soon spreading margin when moist, whitewhen dry, sometimes slightly colored in the center, flesh white, tastemild; lamellae thin, narrow, moderately close, adnate or slightlydecurrent, white or whitish; stem equal or slightly taperiilg upward,stuffed or hollow, fibrillosely reticulate, whitish, often with a whit­ish mycelioid tomentum at the base; spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x 4-5 JL.

Pileus 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 2.5-4.5 cm long, 4-8 mm thick.Gregarious. Among fallen leaves under alders and birches.

Albany and Warren counties. September and October. Rare.Edible.

Clitocybe cerussata Fr.

WHITE LEAD CLITOCYDE

Sylloge V, p.I54

Pileus fleshy, convex or plane, obtuse, even, moist, glabrous, white,flesh soft, thick in the center, white, taste mild; lamellae thin, nar­row, very close, adnate or decurrent, white, unchangeable; stemelastic, downy at the base, naked above, white; spores minnte, sub­globose, 4-5 x 3-4 p,.

Pileus 4-8 cm broad; stem 3-7 cm long, 6-10 mm thick.Scattered or gregarious. Woods. Adirondack mountains. Sep­

tember and October. Not common.The lamellae in our specimens are apparently less close than is

required by the description of the European plant.

Clitocybe difforrnis (Schnm.) Sacco

DEFORMED CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.I91

Pileus fleshy, large, undulately lobed, at first spriI1kled with Boccior sometimes glabrous, white; lamellae white becoming pallid; stemshort, thick, longitudinally rugose or grooved, white; spores 4-5 x3-4 JL.

Pileus 5-15 cm broad; stem of the larger ones about 2.5 cm long,2-2.5 cm thick.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 71

Cespitose. Woods. Saratoga co. July. Rare. Fonnel but once.Some English mycologists and even Fries himself regarded this

as an overgrown irregular form of eli t a c y b e c e r u s sat aFr. In the Sylloge it is treated as a distin,ct species.

CIitocybe robusta Pk.

ROBUST CLITOCVDE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 49, P.I7

Pileus thick, firm, convex becoming plane or slightly depressedin the center, glabrous, involute 01: decurved on the naked margin,white or slightly clouded in the center, flesh white; lamellae close,narrow, adnate or decurrent, whitish; stem stout, solid or hollow,glabrous, equal or tapering upward, white; spores ellipsoid, yellow­ish, 6-8 x 4-5 fL.

Pileus 7-ro cm broad; stem 2.5-7 cm long, 16-24 mm thick.Single, gregarious or cespitose. Among fallen leaves in woods.

Common in hilly and mountainous districts. September toNovember.

This is related to C lit 0 c y b e can did a Bres. but may beseparated from it by the naked margin of the pileus, the absenceof any marked odor and specially by its broader spores.

Clitocybe phyllophila Fr.

LEAF-LOVING CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.I55

Pileus fleshy, convex or plane, becoming depressed or umbilicate,obtuse, even, dry, silvery on the margin by the silky veil, white;lamellae moderately broad, subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent,white becoming yellowish ochraceous; stem equal, stuffed or hollow,tough, downy and incll1'ved at the base, spongy within, white, some­times eccentric; spores ellipsoid, 6-8 x 3-5 fL.

Pileus 4-7 cm broad; stem 5-7 cm long, 4-8 111m thicl<.Solitary or cespitose. Albany co. September. Rare.

Clitocybe pithyophila Fr.

PINE-LOVING CLITOCYllE

Sylloge V, P.I55

Pileus fleshy, thin, nearly plane, umbilicate, glabrous, often wavyor lobed on the margin, white when moist, shining white when dry;

72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

lamellae close, plane, adnate or slightly decurrent, persistently white;stem equal, glabrous, downy at the base, somewhat hollow, oftencompressed, white; spores 6-7 x 3-4 p...

Pileus 4-7 cm broad; stem 4-5 cm long, 3-4 111m thick.Gregarious or subcespitose. Pine woods. Catskill mountains.

September.

Clitocybe gallinacea (Seop.) Fr.

ACRID CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.I58

Pileus fleshy with a thin margin, convex or nearly plane, not in­fundibuliform, even, dry, opaque, white or whitish, flesh white, tasteacrid, odor strong; lamellae close, narrow, thin, adnate or slightlydecurrent, whitish; stem equal, solid, at first floccosely mealy,whitish; spores subglobose or ellipsoid, 4-6 x 3-4 p..

Pileus 2.5-4 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 4-6 mm thick.Gregarious. In grassy or mossy places. Essex co. September.

Rare. Found but once.Distinguished by its dingy white color and its acrid taste.

Clitocybe regularis Pic

REGULAR CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Bu!. 54, P.948, pl.K, Iig.I-7

Pileus thin, flexible, broadly convex becoming nearly plane, oftendepressed in the center, orbicular, regular, whitish when moist, wl~ite

when dry, flesh white, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow, crowded,decurrent, whitish; stem firm, equal, glabrous, solid or rarely .hol­low, whitish, spongy and. thickened at the base; spores minute, 4-5 x2·5-3 p..

Pileus 1-2.5 cm broad; stem about 2.5 cm long, 3~5 mm thick.Woods. Warren co. August. Rare. Found but once.Related to eli t 0 c y bet 0 rna t a Fr. from which its' thin

flexible moist pileus, its decurrent lamellae and the spongy mass ofmycelioid tomentum at the base of the stem will separate it.

Clitocybe candicans Pers.

WHITISH CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.I57

Pileus slightly fleshy, convex becoming plane or depressed, um­bilicate, regular, rarely slightly eccentric, even, shining with a super-

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 73

ficial silky film, white when moist, shining white when dry; lamellaevery thin, close, narrow, adnate becoming decurrent, white; stemeven, equal, waxy, polished, hollow or nearly so, shining, oftencurved, rooting and villose at the base; spores 4-6 x 4 p..

Gregarious. Among fallen leaves in woods. Common, Sep­tember and October.

Said by Cooke to be farinaceous. By the character of the stemapproaching Omphalia. In its form related to the section Cyathi­formis, but not truly hygrophanous. Small and somewhat tough.

Clitocybe dealbata Sow.

IVORY CLITOCYBE

SyIIoge V, p.IS?

Pileus slightly fleshy, convex becoming plane or with upturnedand sometimes wavy margin, dry, even, glabrous, subshining, tough,white, taste mild; lamellae close, thin, adnate, white; stem fibrous,equal stuffed, pruinose or mealy at the top, white; spores ellipsoid,4-5 x 2-2.5 p..

Pileus 2.5-4 cm broad; stem 2-3 cm long, 2-3 mm thick.Gregarious. Grassy places. Common. September and October.Var. min 0 r Cke. differs in its smaller more· regular form,

opaque pileus and agreeable farinaceous odor.Var. de form a t a Pk. Pileus thin, very irregular, convex or

centrally depressed, wavy or lobed on the margin, snowy white, fleshpure white, taste farinaceous; lamellae close, adnate or slightlydecurrent, transversely venose, often anastomosing or connected byveins, frequently eroded on the edge and sometimes transversely split,whitish; stem irregular, sometimes compressed, more or less con­fluent at the base, stuffed or hollow, white, with a soft pure whitedowny tomentum below; spores subglobose, 3-4 Jk long, nearly asbroad.

On mushroom beds in a greenhouse. Wayne co. March. Thespecimens grew in mushroom beds made in a poorly lighted apart­ment, in which a temperature of 55°-60° was maintained. Theseconditions doubtless had some influence in causing the irregular,tufted. mode of growth. The pure whiteness, thin pileus and thefarinaceous taste and odor indicate a relationship \vitl1 C lit 0 cy b ede a I bat a Sow. so intimate that it is recorded as a variety of it.That species is also sometimes found growing on mushroom beds.

74 NEW YORK STATE ~1USEUM

Difformes

Pileus fleshy on the disk, thin on the margin, convex becomingexpanded or centrally depressed, often irregular; lamellae irregu­larly adnate or decurrent; stem externally subcartilaginous, fibrous,commonly cespitose.

This section is easily recognized by its cespitose habit and theirregular character of the lamellae which are sometimes adnexed orsinuate on one side of the stem and decurrent on the other. Thepileus is often irregular because of the crowded or tufted mode ofgrowth. It is also sometimes umbonate and sometimes obtuse evenin the same tuft. The stem too may be central or eccentric in thesame tuft or the plant may sometimes be solitary.

KEY TO THE SPEcms

Mature pileus some shade of brown I

Mature pileus some shade of yellow , ,., 3Mature pileus white, whitish or grayish , , 4

Stem brown or brownish, colored like the pileus monadelphaStem l'Jhite or whitish, paler than the pileus , , 2

2 Stem stuffed, plant commonly gregarious fumosa2 Stem solid, plant commonly cespitose , tumulosa

3 Mature pileus pale ochraceous patuloides3 Mature pileus reddish yellow or saffron yellow illudens

4 Pileus spotted, plant growing on wood marmorea4 Pileus not .spotted, plant terrestrial 5

5 Margin of moist pileus striatulate, eurved upward in age revoluta5 Margin of moist pileus even, spreading in age 6

6 Stem not more than 6 111111 thick, pileus usually white multiformis6 Stem more than 6 m111 thick, pileus usually grayish '" multiceps

Clitocybe monadelpha Morg.

UNITED CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 4, P.I40, P1.46, fig.7-12

Pileus fleshy, convex sometimes becoming centrally depressed,squamulose in the center, pale brown, reddish brown or honey color;lame11ae moderately close, distinctly decurrent, pallid or pale fleshcolor; stem long, flexuous, fibrous, solid, often becoming hollowwith age and twisted and tapering at the base, brown, pale brown ortinged with flesh color; spores broadly ellipsoid or slightly irregular,7-9 x 5-6 po.

Pileus 2.5-7 cm broad; stem 6-10 cm long, 4-6 nun thick.Cespitose. Woods and open places. Near New York City, also

Albany and Madison counties. September. Occasional.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9I I 75

The pileus sometimes has a dingy yellow or yellowish brown color.The species, as the author himself remarks, has the color and generalappearance of Armillaria mellea Vah!. Armillariam e 11 e a e x ann u 1a t a Pic. evidently belongs here. The specieshas been made a synonym of the European A gar i c u s tab e ­see n s Scop. by one author.

Clitocybe £umosa Fr.

SMOKY CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.r6r

Pileus fleshy, convex becoming nearly plane, obtuse, somewhatgibbous when young, regular or irregular, even, glabrous, sootybrown soon becoming livid when moist, gray when dry, flesh whitishwhen dry; lamellae close, adnate or decurrent, grayish white; stemnearly equal, solid or stuffed, fibrous, fleshy, glabrous, mealy at the,top, dingy white; spores subglobose, 6-7 }J. broad.

Pileus 2.5-7.5 <:111 broad; stem 2.5-7.5 cm long, 4-IO mm thick.Gregar'ious or rarely cespitose. Albany co. September.Var. b l' e vip e s n. var. Stem short not exceeding 2.5 cm in

length. Otherwise like the typical form. Ontario co. October.The stem in this variety seems to be constantly short so that thepileus appears to rest on the ground.

The specimens reported as eli toe y b e amp I a Pers. belongto C. fum 0 s a Fr.

Clitocybe tumulosa Ka.Jch):J.

MOUND CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.r62

Pileus conic or convex becoming expanded, obtuse or umbonate,even, glabrous, brown, becoming paler; lamellae close, sinuate adnateand decurrent in the same plant, cinereous white; steam equal ornearly so, solid, floccose pruinose, pallid; spores e1Jipsoid, 6-7 x 4 p..

Pileus 2.5-5 ClU broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 6-8 mm thick.Densely cespitose. Pine groves. Essex co. September. Very

rare. Found but once.

Clitocybe patuloides Pk.

SPREADING CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 54, p.r63, pl.E

Pileus fleshy, firm, rather thick, convex becoming nearly plane orsomewhat centrally depressed, glabrous, even and white or pale ye1-

76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

low when young with incurved margin, becoming yellowish or paleochraceous and often squamose or rimosely areolate, flesh white,taste mild, odor 111ushroomlike; lamellae thin, close, slightly orstrongly decurrent, forked or anastomosing at the. base, white; stemusually short, equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, occasionallyeccentric, white; spores broadly ellipsoid, 6-8 x 5-6 f.t.

Pileus 2.5-ro cm broad; stem 2.5-7.5 cm long, 8-20 m111 thick.Gregarious or cespitose. Woods or their borders, specially of

pine. Onondaga and Essex counties. September. Not common.It is remarkable for the different colors of the young and the maturepileus.

Clitocybe ilIudens (Schw.) Fr.

DECEIVING CLITOCYBE .

N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 4, P.!79, p1.68

Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes centrally depressed,obtuse or umbonate, glabrous or obscurely virgate, often irregular,saffron yellow or orange yellow, flesh white or yellowish, odor strong,taste disagreeable; lamellae close, decurrent, narrowed toward eachend, colored like the pileus; stem long, firm, glabrous, solid, stuffedor rarely hollow, often attenuated toward the base, sometimeseccentric, colored like the pileus or sometimes brownish toward thebase; spores globose, 4-5 f.t in diameter.

Pileus 7-12 cm broad; stem 7-14 cm long, 6-12 mm thick.Cespitose. Woods and open places. Often about old stumps.

July to October.A beautiful but unwholesome species. It causes nausea and vomit­

ing if eaten. It is possible to make it comparatively harmless byheating it in salt water for a half hour, then taking it out and fryingit in butter. It is phosphorescent. Large fresh specimens whenplaced in a dark place emit a glowing light.

Clitocybe marmorea Pk.

MOTTLED CLITOCYJ3E

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 24, p.6!

Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex, glabrous, white, mottled withdarker watery spots, flesh white ; lamellae close, narrow, arcuate,unequally decurrent, white; stern firm, solid, long, generally curved,

· REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 77

slightly thickened at the base, white, sometimes pruinose; sporesglobose, 4 fJ, in diameter. .

Pileus 5-10 cm broad; stem 10-15 cm long, 12-20 mm thic1c.Cespitose. Prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Lewis co. Sep­

tember. Very rare. Found but once and then in small quantity.The tufts are composed of few individuals.

Clitoeybe revoluta Pk.

REVOLUTE CLITOCYDE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 46, P.23

Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, whitish and slightlystriatulate on the margin when moist, white when dry, the thinmargin commonly and irregularly revolute; lamellae thin, narrow,close, adnate or slightly decurrent; stem glabrous, solid when young,stuffed or somewhat hollow when old, whitish; spores subglobose,4-5 fJ, long.

Pileus 2.5-7 cm broad; stem 5-7 cm long, 6-10 mm thick.Densely cespitose. Woods. Albany co. September. Rare.

Found but once.The pileus is often irregular from its densely tufted mode of

growth. Occasionally the plant is solitary arid then it is moreregular with the margin spreading but not revolute.

Clitoeybe multiformis Pk.

MULTIFORM CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 4, p.I4I, P1.47, fig.I-g

Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, often lobed or irregular,glabrous, whitish, grayish or yellowish when: moist, paler when dry,flesh white when dry; lamell~e thin, narrow, close, 'adnate or slightlydecurrent, white or whitish; stern equal, solid, glabrous, white;spores ellipsoid, 5-6 x 3-4 fJ,.

Pileus 2.5-7 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 em long, 4-6 mm thick.Cespitose. Low damp places in woods. Albany co. October.

Edible. Found but once.The stem is often flexuous and compressed. The center of the

pileus is sometimes tinged with brown. The mushroom does notretain its color well in drying. Its pileus is much thinner than thatof C 1ito C y be m ul tie e p s Pk.

78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Clitocybe multiceps Pk.

MANY CAP CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus.Bu!. 139. P,37, P!.II7. fig.7-9

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, moist in wet weather, whitish, grayish,yellowish gray or grayish brown, sometimes slightly silky andbrownish in the center, often irregular from mutual pressure, fleshwhite, taste oily, slightly disagreeable; lamellae close, adnate orslightly decurrent, white or whitish; stem equal or slightly thick­ened at the base, firm, glabrous, solid or stuffed, slightly pruinose atthe top, white or whitish; spores globose, 5-8 fJ. in diameter.

Pileus 2.5-7 cm broad; stem 5-10 cm long, 6-12 mm thick.Cespitose, rarely solitary. Open ground or in grassy places. June

to October. Common. Edible.The tufts may be composed of many or few individuals. The

lamellae are sometimes sinuate on one side of the stem, therebyindicating a close relationship with the genus Tricholoma. In var.t l' i c hoI 0 m a Pk. nearly or quite all the lamellae are sinuate.Such specimens might easily be referred to that genus, but the habitand all other characters indicate its place here. The flavor of theuncooked mushroom varies. In some it is very disagreeable, inothers but slightly so. Some pronounce it among the best of mush­rooms when cooked, others say it is unfit to eat.

InfundibuliformesPileus becoming infundibuliform or evenly depressed or umbili­

cate in the center; lamellae deeply and evenly decurrent fr0111 thefirst; stem spongy, externally 'fibrous.

The funnel form pileus is characteristic of many of the speciesof this section and is suggestive of its name. The lamellae areequally decnrrent, unlike, in this respect, those of the precedingsection. The pileus is not truly hygrophanous, but in some speciesit is moist or subhygrophanous and becomes paler with the escapeof the moisture, in others it is dry.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Pileus dry I

Pileus moist when young or in wet weather. 7I Mature pileus normally infundibuliform , 2

I Mature pileus not normally infundibuliform 42 Pileus, white eatina2 Pileus not white 3

3 Pileus 8 em or more broad ' lllilxima3 Pileus less than 8 em broad infundibuliformis

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 19II 79

4 Plant terrestrial 54 Plant lignatile 6

5 Pileus reddish or brick red, spores 8-ro p. long sinopica5 Pileus reddish or brick red, spores 6-8 p. long sinopicoides

6 Pilcus glabrous, lamcllae white eccentrica6 Pilells virgate and dotted, lamellae not white ectypoides

7 Dry pileus white 87 Dry pileus not white 9

8 Lamellae 6 mOl broad· tuba8 Lamellae less than 6 nun broad adirondackel1sis

9 Lamellae yellowish or pale ochraceolls gilva9 Lamellae white or whitish splendens9 Lamellae reddish inversa

Clitocybe catina Fr.

BOWL SHAPE CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.I74

Pileus fleshy but thin toward the margin, plane becoming infundi­buliform, flaccid, dry, glabrous, white becoming tinged with pink ortan color in rainy weather, flesh white, odor agreeable; lamellaemoderately close, decurrent, white; stem stuffed or solid spong-ywithin, elastic, slightly thickened at the base, white; spores ellipsoid,6-8 x 4-5 ft.

Pileus 4-5 cm broad; stem 4-7 cm long, 6--9 mm thick.In or near woods. Adirondack mountains. August. Found but

once.The specimens were young but apparen~ly belong here and are

admitted with some hesitation. Related to C 1ito c y b ein f 11 n d i b u I i for m i s (Schaeff.) Fr. but easily distinguished byits white color. The spore dimensions here given are taken fromAmerican specimens.

Clitocybe maxima (G. & III.) Fr.

LARGE CLITOCYBE

Syllogc V, p.16S

Pileus fleshy in the center, thin toward the margin, broadlyinfundibuliform, . subumbonate, dry, pale tan color or whitish;lamellae close, soft, long decurrent, whitish; stem attenuated up­wards, fibrillose, solid, whitish; spores subglobose, 4-6 x 3-4 ft·

Pileus 10-30 cm broad; stem 5-10 C111 long, 12-25 mm thick. .Woods and grassy places. Adirondack and Catskill mountains.

J111y and August. Not com1110n.Remarkable for and at once recognized by its large size.

80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Clitocybe infundibuliformis (Schaeff.) Fr.

FUNNEL FORM CL1TOCVBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 48, p.I74, P1.24, fig.r-6

Pileus at first convex and slightly umbonate, becoming infundi­buliform, thin and minutely silky on the margin, dry, reddish or paletan color, fading with age, flesh white; lamellae thin, moderatelyclose, decurrent, white or whitish; stem generally tapering upward,spongy or stuffed, soft, elastic, colored like the pileus or rarelywhitish; spores 5-6 x 3-4 po.

Pileus 4-7 cm broad; stem 5-7 cm long, 6-10 111m thick.Single or scattered, rarely tufted.. Among fallen leaves in woods.

July and August. Common. Edible. .Val'. me m b I' a n ace a Fr. Pileus thinner, not umbonate and

stem more slender, equal.

Clitocybe sinopica Fr.

S1NOP1CAN CL1TOCVBE

Sylloge V, p.I67

Pileus fleshy but thin, plane or centrally depressed, often umbili­cate, dry, glabrous or becoming floceulose aild rivulose, ochraceousred sometimes becoming paler with age, flesh whIte, odor farina­ceous; lamellae close, rather broad, slightly decurrent, white becom­ing yellowish; stem equal, somewhat fibrillose, stuffed, colored likethe pileus; spores 8-10 x 5-6 po.

Pileus 2-4 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2-4 111111 thick.Woods and on burned ground in open places. June to September.

Adirondack mountains.

Clitocybe sinopicoides n. sp.

SINOP1CANLIKE CLITOCVBE

Pileus thin, convex with decurved margin, umbilicate, floccosesquamulose specially in the center, obscurely fibrillose 011 the margin,firm, tawny ~ed or brick red, flesh white, taste and odor farinaceous;lamellae mode~ately close,. arcuate, decurrent, white, the interspacesslightly venose; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, subfloccoseor glabrous, solid or stuffed, colored like the pileus; spotes6-8 x 3-4 po,

Pileus 2-4 cm broad; stem 2-4 em long, 2-5 mm thick.Among mosses in low wet places. Essex co. June.

REPORT OF THE STATE .BOTANIST I9II 81

This species closely resembles eli t a c y be sin 0 pic a Fr.and probably has been taken for a small vernal form of that species.It may be separated from it by its wet mossy habitat, its smaller sizeand specially by its smaller spores. These are more or less obovatea.nd pointed at one end. The farinaceous odor and taste is some­times wanting as in C. inc iii s Fr. but it has not the crenatemargin nor the hollow stem of that species.

Clitocybe eccentrica Pk.

ECCENTRIC CLITOCYBE

Torr. Bot. Club Bul. 25, p.32I

Pileus very thin, umbilicate or subinfundibuliform, glabrous,watery white and shining when moist, white when dry, the thinmargin often lobed, irregular or deeply cleft on one side; lamellaenarrow, close, decurrent, white; stem slender, tough, solid, glabrous,strigosely hairy at the base, often eccentric, white, long branchingstrands of white mycelium often permeating the matrix; spores4-5 x 2·5-3 IJ..

Pileus 2.5-5 em broad; stem 2.5-4 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Gregarious or eespitose. Mueh decayed wood. Essex, Warren

and Wayne cOllnties. July to October.

. Clitocybe ectypoides Pk.

ECTYFOID CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 24, p.GI

Pileus fleshy but thin, broadly umbilicate or infundibuliform, witha spreading margin, finely virgate and squamulose punctate, theblackish points on the radiating fibrils, moist, grayish ot grayishyellow; lamellae close, narrow, decurrent, some of them forked,yellowish; stem equal, firm, solid, colored like the pileus, with awhite mycelium at the base; spores broadly ellipsoid, 5-8 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 2.5-5 em broad; stem 2-3 cm long, 2 ....4 mm thick.Gregarious or cespitose. Decaying wood in woods. July to Sep­

tember. Common in mountainous districts.

Clitocybe tuba Fr.

TRUMPET CLITOCYBE

. Sylloge V, P.I75

Pileus thin, eonvex or nearly plane, umbilicate, even on themargin, whitish when moist, shining white when dry, flesh white;

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

lamellae close, 5-0 mm broad, very decurrent, white becoming pallid.:stem equal, tough, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, white; spores sub·globose, 4 x 3 p..

Pilens 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 4-6 C111 long, 2-5 m111 thic1cGregarious. Among fallen leaves in woods, specially pine woods.

\iVarren co. September. Rare.Similar to C lit a c y b e pit h Y0 phi I a Fr. fr0111 which it

may be separated by its long decurrent lamellae. From C.a d ira n d a c ken sis Pic. it is separated by its broader lamellae.

Clitocybe adirondackensis Pk.

ADIRONDACK CLITOCYBE

. N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 54, P.I74, p1.69. fig.I-I3

Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane and umbilicate, or soon veryconcave and infundibuliform, glabrous, moist in wet weather, whiteor pale tan color, flesh white; lamellae thin, close, narrow, verydecurrent, white; stem equal or nearly so, glabrous, stuffed or hol­low, colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or broadly ellipsoid.4-5 x 3-4 p..

Pileus 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 4-7 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Scattered or gregarious. \iVoods in hilly or mountainous districts.

July to October. Common. Edible.The lamellae are scarcely broader than the thickness of the flesh

of the pileus. The white pileus is sometimes slightly tinged withbrown in the center.

Clitocybe gilva (Pers.) Fr.

YELLOWISH CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 54, P.I74, p1.6g, fig.Q-2[ as C. III a cuI 0 s a Pk.

Pileus fleshy, compact, convex becoming centrally depressed,glabrous, often marked with small round spots, minutely downy onthe involute young margin which is sometimes obscurely striale,whitish or cream color, flesh white or tinged with the color of thepileus, taste mild; lamellae close, narrow, decurrent, whitish or yel­lowish, some of them forked; stem equal or slightly tapering upward,glabrolls, stuffed or hollow, whitish, sometimes tomentose at thebase ; spores sl1bglobose, 4-5 p. in diameter.

Pileus 2.5-7 cm broad; stem 5-7 cl11long, 4-8 111m thick.vVoods. Adirondack mountains. August and September. Rare.

Edible.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

The American plant is commonly paler than the European andwas described under the name C lit 0 c y b e mac 11 los a Pk.Its stem is sometimes hollow but its essential characters are so closeto those of C. gil v a (Pel's.) Fr. that it seemed best to unitethem. Agaricus (Clitocybe) subzonalis Pk. alsoi:o: now considered a mere form of this species having the pileusobscurely zonate.

Clitocybe splendens (Pers.) Fr.

SHINING CLITOCYBE

Sylloge Y, P.172

Pileus fleshy but thin, nearly plane becoming centrally depressedand infundibuliform, glabrous, pale yellowish or yellow and shin­ing, flesh white; lamellae narrow, simple, close, very decurrent.white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, glabrous, solid,colored like the pileus; spores subglobose, 4-5 p. in diameter.

Pileus 5--8 C111 broad; stem 4-5 cm long, 8-10 mill thick.Solitary. Woods among fallen leaves. Essex co. June. Rare.

Clitocybe inversa Scop.

INVERTED CLITOCYllE

SyJloge Y, p.1j2

Pileus fleshy, convex becoming infundibuliform, fragile, glabrous,obtuse, moist when fresh, involute on the thin margin, brick color,reddish or tan color, flesh colored like the pileus; lamellae close,simple, decurrent, pallid becoming reddish; stem equal or nearly so,slightly rigid,' spongy, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, whitish; sporessubglobose, 3-5 /1, in diameter.

Pileus 4-6 cm broad; stem 4-5 cm long, 4-8 mm thicl<.Gregarious or cespitose. Woods or open places. Fullon co.

August. Rare.

SERIES B

Plant truly h:;,!grophanous

CyathiformesPileus hygrophanolls, centrally depressed or cup shape, flesh thin,

separable into two horizontal layers; lamellae adnate or <lecurrent.The species of this section arc separated from those of the pre­

ceding sections by the hygrophanous character of the pileus with its

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

separable layers and by· its more cuplike shape. Only four speciesare known to belong to our flora.

1(E¥ TO THE SPECIES

Stem fibriIIosely reticulate cyathiformisStem not fibrilIoseIy reticulate I

I Plant cespitose, pileus usually irregular caespitosaI Plant not cespitose 2

2 Pileus convex, deeply umbilicate, not infundibuliform subconcava2 Pileus becoming infundibuliform brumalis

Clitocybe cyathiformis Fr.

cUP SHAPE CLITOCYDE

Sylloge V, P.176

Pileus fleshy bnt thin, centrally depressed or infundibuliform,hygrophanous, glabrous or nearly so, even on the margin or occa­sionally striate when old, blackish brown or grayish brown whenmoist, paler when dry, flesh colored like the pileus, separable intotwo horizontal layers; lamellae distant, adna1.e or decurrent, united .behind, dingy 01' grayish brown; stem equal or slightly. taperingupward, stuffed or hollow, fibrillose, obscurely reticulate by thefibrils, colored like the pileus; spores ellipsoid, 8-9 x 4-5 p..

Decaying wood or on the ground. In woods or open places.August and September. Common.

C lit 0 c y b e p 0 c UlU111 Pk. is referable to this species.

Clitocybe caespitosa Pi<.

CESPITOSE CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 41, p.61

Pileus thin, infundibuliform, often irregular, hygrophanous, gray~

ish brown when moist, cinereous or clay color when dry; lamellaenarrow, close, decurrent, some of them branched, white; stem equalor siightly tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, white; spores sub­globose or broadly ellipsoid, 3-4 p. long.

Pileus 2.5-4 cm broad; stem 2-3 cm long, 4-6 m111 thick.Commonly cespitose. Woods. Catskill and Adirondack moun­

tains. August and September. Rare.This mushroom is remarkable for its irregular and deformed

appearance. The pileus is sometimes perforate and the stem is stoutin proportion to the size of the pileus. The tufts are composed ofbut few individual plants.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 85

Clitocybe subconcava Pic

SUBCONCAVE CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 54, P.948, pIX, fig.8-13

Pileus thin, convex, deeply umbilicate, glabrous, hygrophanous,brownish or reddish brown and usually striatulate on the decurvec1margin when moist, whitish when dry; lamellae arcuate, decurrent,close, pallid or subcinereous ; stem equal, firm, solid or stuffed, some­times with a small cavity, slightly fibrillose, colored like the pileus;

.spores ellipsoid, 5-6 x 3-4 }-to

Pileus 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 3-4 mm thick.Pine woods. Warren co. August. Rare. Found but Ol:·~.

Related to C lit 0 c y b e con c a v a (Scop.) Fr. from which itmay be separated by its paler lamellae and smaller spores.

Clitocybe brumalis Fr.

WINTRY CLITOCYBE

SyIloge V, p,I80

Pileus at first convex or expanded and umbilicate, then infundi­buliform, glabrous, hygrophanous, livid when moist, whitish oryellowish when dry, often darker in the center, sometimes wavy orlobed on the· margin, flesh thin; lamellae arcuate at first, narrow,close, decurrent, distinct, pallid or yellowish white; stem nearlyequal, often slightly Cluved, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, whitish)sometimes downy at the base; spores 4-5 x 3-4 }-to

Pileus 2.5-5 cm. broad; stem 2-5 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Woods. Catskill and Adirondack mountains. September and

October. Rare.Our specimens were collected in the months mentioned, but the

specific name indicates that it may also occur later in the season.

OrbiformesPileus hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy, convex or plane, umbili­

cate or centrally depressed, glabrous; lamellae thin, close, adnate orhaving a decmrent tooth.

The species of this section may be separated from those of the'preceding by the more spreading deeurved margin of the pileus,which is therefore more orbicular. They may be divided into threegroups according to the color of the lamellae. They are mostly smalland scarce.

86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEU~l

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Lamellae yellow or yellowish flavidellaLamellae grayish or brownish rLamellae white or whitish , 4

Plant with a farinaceous odor ditopodaPlant without a farinaceous odor , , ,2

2 Pileus umbilicate , peltigerina2 Pileus not umbilicate , 3

3 Stem pruinose or mealy at the top metachroa3 Stem naked at the top , vilescens

4 Plant inodorous , angustissima4 Plant fragrant " 5

5 Margin of the moist piletts striate ., , subditopoda5 Margin of the moist pileus even 6

6 Pileus brownish when moist coll1pressipes6 Pileus whitish when moist. , , fragrans

Clitoeybe fIavidella PIc

YELLOWISH CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 30, P.38

Pileus thin, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, oftenirregular, glabrons, hygrophanous, dingy yel10w when moist, paleror whitish when dry; lamellae close, narrow, ac1nate or slightlydecurrent, yellow or yellowish; stem equal, glabrous, hollow, coloredlike the pileus; spores unknown.

Pileus about 2,5 cm broad; stem 2-3 em long, 3-4 111m thick.Gregarious. Low wet ground. Otsego co. September. Rare.

Fonnd but once.

Clitoeybe ditopoda Fr.

DOUDLE STElII CLlTOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.r86

Pileus thin, convex becoming plane or central1y depressed,glabrous, hygrophanons, brownish when moist, gray when dry, odorfarinaceous; lamelI,ae thin, close, about 2 111m wide, slightly decur­rent, brownish gray; stem equal, glabrous, hollow, often compressed,colored like the pileus; spores broadly elIipsoid, 5-6 x 3-5 p..

Pileus 2-5 cm broad; stem 2-3 cm long, 2-4 \TIm thiclc.\Voods and among fallen leaves. Albany and \i\Tarren counties.

September and October. Rare.The stem in the \Varren county specimens is sOl11etimes com­

pressed and grooved as if composed of two united stems. Suchspecimens are suggestive of the specific name. The spore dimensions

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

here given are taken from American specimens. Some authoritiessay spores" sphaeroid, 2-3 fJ. in diameter."

Clitocybe peltigerina Pk.

PELTIGERINE CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 30, P.38

Pileus thin, nearly plane, umbilicate, glabrous, hygrophanous,brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, whitish or palegray when dry; lamellae subdistant, sometimes branched, decurrent,brownish, interspaces venose; stem nearly equal, solid, glabrous,rather firm, paler than the pileus, often with a minute whitetomentum at the base; spores ellipsoid, 8 x 5 fJ..

Pileus 4-10 nl111 broad; stem 12-20 mm long, 1-1.5 l111n thick.Among species of lichens (Peltigera). Albany and Oneida

counties. May. Rare.Sometimes two or three stems are united at the base, thus mani­

festing a tendency to become cespitose.

Clitocybe metachroa Fr.

CHANGEABLE CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.I85

Pileus thin, convex becoming plane or centrally depressed,glabrous, hygrophanous, browriish or grayish brown when youngand moist, whitish when dry, margin slightly striate when old;lamellae thin, narrow, close, linear, adnate or slightly decurrent,whitish or cinerous; stem equal, tough, externally fibrous, stuffedor hollow, terete or compressed, whitish, mealy or pruinose at thetop, colored like the pileus; spores 6-8 x 3-4 fJ..

Pileus 2.5-4 cm broad; stem 3-4 cm long, 4-8 mm thick.Pine woods. Albany co. November. Rare. Found but once.The marked change of color between the moist pileus and the dry

one is suggestive of the specific name. The mealy or pruinose topof the stem, its habitat in pine woods and its late appearance areguides in the identification of the species.

Clitocybe vilescens PIc.

WORTHLESS CL1TOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 33, P.I9

Pileus convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, sometimesirregular, glabrous, slightly pruinose on the involute margin, brown

88 NEW YORK STATE MIlSEUM

or grayish brown, becoming paler with age, sometimes concen­trically rivulose, flesh pale gra.y; lamellae close, adnate or decurrent,cinereous or tinged with dingy yel10w ; stem short, equal, solid, some­times compressed, grayish brown with a whitish tomentum at thebase; spores subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5 ,.,..

Pileus 2.5-4 cm broad; stem 2-5 cm long, 2-4 mm thideGregarious. Bushy places and pastures. Albany and Onondaga

counties. August. Not common.

Clitocybe angustissima Lasch

NARROW GILL CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.ISS

Pileus slightly fleshy, plane or centrally depressed, glabrous,hygrophanous, watery white when moist, shining white when dry,the spreading margin slightly striate when old; lamellae thin, nar­row, very close, white; stem slender, stuffed, often curved orflexuous, naked at the top, glabrous or pubescent at the base, white;spores 4-5 x 2-3 fl..

Pileus 4-5 cm broad; stem 3-5 cmlong, 2-3 mm thick.Low wet ground in woods. Essex co. September. Rare.Related to Clitocybe fragrans Sow. from which it may

be separated by the lack of odor, the more slender stem and thepurer white color.

Clitocybe subditopoda Pk.

DITOPODALIKE CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 42, p.rS

Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, umbilicate, glabrous, hygro­phanolls, grayish brown and striate on the margin when moist, palerwhen dry, flesh concolorous, odor and taste farinaceous; lamel1aebroad, close, adnate, whitish or pale cinereous; stem equal, glabrous,hol1ow, colored like the pileus; spores ellipsoid, 5-6 x 3-4 ,.,..

Pileus 12-24 mm broad; ste111 2.5-5 em long, about 2 .111111 thick.Mossy ground in woods. Essex co. September. Rare.This is closely relatcd to C lit 0 c y bed ito pod a Fr. fro111

which it may be separated by the umbilicate pileus, its striate marginand its broader paler lamellae.

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTANIST 19JI

Clitocybe compressipes Pk.

FLAT STEM CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 33, p.rS

Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, umbilicate, glabrous, hygro­phanous, brownish when moist, whitish or pale tan color when dry,flesh white when dry, odor slight, farinaceous; lamellae close, subar­cuate or horizontal, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish; stemfirm, hollow, generally compressed, often slightly tapering upward,slightly pruinose, colored like the pileus; spores 5--6 x 4-4·5 fL.

Pileus 2-3 cm broad; stem 2-4 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Gregarious. In pastt:ires or grassy places. Albany and Warren

counties. July. Not common.The odor is not always perceptible unless the pileus is moist or

broken. The umbilicate pileus, paler or whitish lamellae, time andplace of growth separate this species from eli t 0 c y b ed ito pod a Fr.

Clitocybe fragrans Sow."FRAGRANT CLITOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.ISS

Pileus thin, convex becoming plane or umbilicate or centrallydepressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery white when moist, whit­ish when dry, odor strong, aniselike; lamellae close, slightly decur­rent, 2 mm broad, distinct, white; stem equal, slightly flexuous,clastic, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, whitish; spores 6-7 x 3-4 fL.

Pileus 2-5 cm broad; stem 4-5 cm long, 4--6 mm thiclc.Woods among mosses and fallen leaves. Lewis co. July. Rare.

9° NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

NEW YORK SPECIES OF LACCARIA

Laccaria B. & Br.Pileus convex becoming umbilicate or depressed, flesh thin;

lamellae broadly adnate, sometimes with a decurrent tooth, becom­ing mealy with the copious subglobose minutely wartec! white spores;stem central, externally fibrous, veil not evident.

The species of this genus have generally been included in Clito­cybe, but they are so peculiar in their general appearance that itseems best to separate them. The lamellae are rather thick andsubdistant broadly adnate and when mature are powdered orwhitish pruinose from the abundant spores. These are typicallyglobose or nearly so and rough. We have included one species inthis genus that has oblong even spores; but in all other respects it isso closely allied to the genus that it seems best to consider the sporccharacter a specific rather than a generic one.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Base of the stem radicating, clavately thickened trullisataBase of the stem not radicating, rarely thickened I

I Mature pileus usually more than 4 cm broad ochropurpureaI Mature pileus usually less than 4 cm broad , " 2

2 Lamellae violaceous amethystina2 Lamellae flesh colored or nearly white 3

3 Pileus regular, becoming unpolished or minutely squamulose laccata3 Pileus regular, persistently glabrous striatula3 .Pileus irregular, usually less than 12 mm broad tortilis

Laccaria trullisata (Ellis) Pk.

PLASTERED LACCARIA

Sylloge V. P.195

Pileus fleshy, convex or plane becoming depressed in the center.innately fibrous, squamose or squamulose, smoother in the center,thin on the margin, recldish flesh color; lamellae unequal. sub­distant, thick, adnate or with a decurrent tooth, at first purplishviolet, then brick red and pruinose or white pulverulent; stemstuffed, fibrillose, colored like the pileus, the enlarged more or lessdeeply radieating and clavately thickened base covered by a mass ofmycelium and adhering sand; spores oblong or cylindric, even,gran111ar within, 15-20 x 8-g fL.

Pileus 2.5-5 cm broad; stcm 2.5-7 C111 long, 5-8 mm thick.

lmpOIn' OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

Solitary or sparsely gregarious. Sandy soil. Suffolk, Nassau,Madison and Albany counties. September and October.

The author of this species placed it in Clitocybe with the remarkthat it is related to A gar i c u s I a c cat u s Scop. and A.o c h r 0 pur pur e u s Derk. The fresh myceliulll is violet col­ored. The specific name apparently has reference to the mass of soiladhering to the base of the stern which in consequence appears as ifit had been plastered over with sand.

Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) PIc.

PURPLISH OCHER LACCARIA

N. Y. State Mus. Bul. II6, P.4I, pl.ro6, fig.7-II

Pileus fleshy, finn, subhemispheric or convex with decurved l11ar­gin becoming plane or slightly centrally depressed, hygrophanous,purplish brown when moist, grayish or pale alutaceous when dry,unpolished; lamellae thick, distant, broad, adnate or decurrent,purplish; stem variable, short or long, equal or sometimes thicker inthe' middle, sometimes at each end, fibrous, solid, colored like orpaler than the pileus; spores globose, verruculose, 8-10 Ii" in diameter.

Pileus 5-IO cm broad; stem 3-8 cm long, 4-12 mm thick.Solitary or rarely gregariOl1s. Open grassy or bushy places.

Common. July to September. Edible.This species is often very irregular and very variable in size and

shape. The color of the lamellae is generally darker than inLaccaria laccata (Scop.) B. & Dr. The pileus is muchdarker when moist than when dry. The stem is very fibrous andfirm.

Laccaria amethystina (Bolt.) B. & Dr. in part

AMETHYST LACCARIA

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 48, P.I76, pl.25, fig.23-z7

Pileus thin, broadly convex, umbilicate or centrally depressed,hygrophanous, brown or violaceous brown when moist, grayishwhen dry, unpolished; lamellae· subdistant, adnate or decurrent,violaceous, color more persistent than in the pileus; stem slender,equal, flexuous, hollow, colored like or paler than the pileus; sporesglobose, verruculose, 8-IO Ii" in diameter.

Pileus 1.2-2.5 em broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2-4 111m thic1<.Solitary or gregarious. Damp grol1nd in shaded places. Not

common. Albany and Suffolk counties. July and August.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

This beautiful and quite distinct species has commonly been con­fused with Lac car i a 1a c cat a (Scop.) B. & Br. or considereda mere variety of it; but to me it appears to be distinct in itsviolaceous color, slender hollow stem, peculiar habitat, commonlysmaller size and more rare occurrence. It is easily recognized andthe change of color between the moist and the dry state is stronglymarked.

Laccaria laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. in part

LACCATE LACCAR1A WAXY CLITOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 48, P.I75, pLz5, fig.r-r3

Pileus fleshy, rather thin, convex or nearly plane, sometimes um­bilicate or centrally depressed, hygrophanous, glabrous, furfuraceousor minutely squamulose, pale red, buff red or flesh red when moist,pale ochraceous, grayish or buff when dry, margin even; lamellaerather broad, thick, subdistant, adnate or decurrent, flesh color orpale flesh color; stem long or short, nearly or quite equal, fibrous,firm, straight or flexuous, stuffed, colored like the pileus; sporesglobose, verruculose, 8-10 p. in diameter.

Pileus 1.2-5 cm broad; stem 2.5-7.5 cm long, 2-6 mm thick.Solitary, gregarious or cespitose. Woods, groves, swamps, mossy

places and pastures in wet, dry or sandy soil and even in sphagnum.Common. May to October. Edible.

This is the most common and the most variable species of thegenus. It is not at all particular concerning its habitat, soil norseason. It may be found at any time from spring to late autumn ifthe weather is not too dry. As in other species the color of thelamellae is more persistent than that of the pileus, and is one of themost available characters by which to separate this species from anyof the preceding.

On account of its variability many varieties have been designatedby European mycologists. We recognize among our specimens onlytwo varieties: val'. pall i d i f 0 1i a Pk. (N. Y. State Mus.Rep't 48, p.176, p1.25, fig.19-22) differing from the type in havingthe lamellae very pale, barely tinged with flesh color; and var.de cu l' l' ens Pk. in which the lamellae are distinctly decurrent orarcuate decurrent. As an edible species it is not to be classed asfirst quality. It is inclined to be tough and not highly flavored.

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTAN1ST 19II 93

Laccaria striatula (Pk.)

STR1ATULATE LACCAR1A

N. Y. State Mus. Rcp't 48, P.I76, P1.25, fig.I4-r8

Pileus very thin, submembranaceous, convex or nearly plane,glabrous, hygrophanous, buff red and striatulate when moist, gr"ayishor pale buff when dry; lamellae broad, distant, adnate, pale fleshcolor; stem slender, equal, fibrous, hollow, colored like the pileus;spores globose or subglobose, verruct{lose, 1.1-13 I.t in diameter.

Pileus 12-20 mm broad; stem 1.5-3 cm long, 1-2 mm thick.Gregarious. In wet or damp places. Albany, Ulster and Warren

counties. Not common. June to September.This was formerly considered a mere variety of Lac car i a

I ace a t a (Scop.) B. & Br., but its thinner glabrous striatulatepileus, which is usually convex, its smalIer size, more slender hollowstem and specially its larger spores lead me to consider it a distinctspecies.

Laccaria tortilis (Bolt.) B. & Br.

TWISTED LACCAR1A

Sylloge V, P.I98

Pileus membranaceous, convex plane or centralIy depressed,deflexed and sometimes torn on the margin, obscurely striate, irregu­lar, subferruginous; lamelIae thick, subdistant, adnate, flesh color;stem short, equal or slightly thickened at the base, stuffed or hollow,twisted, fragile, colored like the pileus; spores globose, echinulate,12-16 I.t in diame[er.

Pileus 5-10 cm broad; stem 8-12 mm long, .5-1 mm thick.Closely gregarious or cespitose. Damp places in woods or by

roadsides. Rensselaer and New York counties. August. Rare.This is the smallest of our species. It is easily recognized by its

small size and irregular shape. Its spores are larger and moresharply verruculose than in the preceding species. Var. g rae iii sPk. has a more regular pileus, a longer stem and a less ce'ipitosemode of growth.

94 NEW YORK STATE lIIU:oEUM

NE'vV YORK SPECIES OF }lSILOCYDE

Psilocybe Fr.Pileus more or less fleshy, glabrous, the margin at first illcurved;

lamellae brown or purplish brown, not decurrent; stem subcarti­laginous, rigid or tenacious, tubular, either hollow or stuffed, oftenradicatiJlg; veil absent or rudimentary, not forming a membrane;spores either brown or purplish brown.

The genus has been divided into two sections characterized asfollows:

Rigidae. Pileus thin, not pelliculose, hygrophanous, commonlysome shade of brown and striatulate when moist, paler when dry:stem slender, rigid, usnally brittle or fragile, glabrous or spkyfibril1ose, veil none.

Spadiceae is another name that has been applied to this section.Telfaces. Pileus pelliculose, often slightly viscid in wet weather,

becoming pale and mostly clear or bright in color; stem commonlytough flexible, glabrous or silky fibrillose, veil rarely conspicuous.

Callosae is another name sometimes applied to this section.The species of these sections are not in all cases sharply separated

fr0111 each other. We have included in the genus one species havingred spores.

The absence of an interwoven veil will distinguish species ofPsilocybe from those of Hypholoma on one hand, and the incurvedmargin of the young pileus will separate them fr0111 those ofPsathyra on the other. Most of the species are terrestrial but a fewsmall ones inhabit wood or fallen decaying leaves. Some occur bothon wood and on the ground.

KEY TO THE. SPECTES

Pileus hygrophanot1s I

Pileus not hygrophanous , , 14I Stem tinged with blue , caerulipesI Stem not tinged with blue 2

2 Plant growing in sandy soil ,., arcntllina2 Plant not growing in sandy soil , 1

3 Pileus rugose plicate and atomate atomatoides3 Pileus not having these characters ., 4

4 Spores red conissans4 Spores brown or pmplish brown 5

5 Moist pileus yellow, reddish yellow or brownish 65 Moist pileus alutaeeous, reddish brown or chestnut 75 Moist pileus brown, sooty brown or blackish brown , 10

REPORT OF TIlE STATE nOT;\NJST T9II 95

6 Stem reddish brown sql1aIidella'6 Stem white polycephala

7 Plant growing in woods or uncultivated places 87 Plant growing in grassy places foenisecii

8 Spores globose or subglobose phyllogena8 Spores ellipsoid 9

9 Pileus less than 2.5 cm broad castanella9 Pileus 2.$ cm or more broad, bay brown when moist spadicea9 Pileus 2.5 cm or more broad, tan color when moist fl1scofolia

ro· Moist pileus striatulate on the margin II

10 Moist pileus not striatulate on the margin nigrellaII Plant growing on decaying wood .. 00 00 00 00 00 : 12

II Plant growing on mud or wet ground IimicolaII Plant growing in sphagnum fuscofulva

12 Young lamellae whitish camptopoda12 Young lamellae brown or cincreous 13

13 Stem brownish, less than 2.5 cm long unicolor13 Stem white, more than 2.5 cm long senex

14 Stem white or whitish 00 00 .. 00 1514 Stem some other color 17

IS Pileus viscid when moist. 00 00 00 oosemilanceataIS Pileus not viscid when moist 00 00 00 00 00 16

16 Pileus striate on the margin 00 '" clivensisr6 Pileus even on the margin 00 Iimophila

17 Pileus striatulate on the margin dichroa17 Pileus not striatulate 011 the margin 18

18 Pileus yellowish when moist clongatipes18 Pileus tawny bay when moist '" uda

Psilocybe caerulipes Pk.

BLUE STEM PSILOCYllE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 38, p.89

Pileus thin, subcampanl1late becoming convex, obtuse or obtuselyumbonate, glabrous, hygrophanous, slightly viscid, brown andstriatl1late on the margin when moist, yellowish or subochraceouswhen dry, the center sometimes brownish; lamellae at first ascend­ing, close, adnate, grayish tawny becoming rusty brown, whitish 011

the edge; stem slender, cqual., flexuous, tenacious, hollow or con­taining a separable pith, sligbtly fibrillose, pruinose at the top,bluish, sometimes whitish at the top; spores 8-10 x 4-5 !-t.

Pilcus .10-20 111m broad; stem 2.5-4 cm long, T- I.5 t11l11 thick.Cespitose or solitary. On decaying wood. Saratoga co. August.

Rare.The species may readily be recognized by its bluish stem. The

pileus sometimes changes to blue where bruised. The spores are

NEW YORK STATE MUSEt!l\f

smaller than those of Psi I 0 c y b e s em i I an c eat a cae r u I ­esc ens eke. which has the stem slightly bluish at the base.

Psilocybe arenulina PIc

SANDY PS1LOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 30, 11.42

Pileus convex becoming plane or centrally depressed, rarely um­bonate, glabrous, hygrophanous, dark brown and coarsely striateon the margin when moist, dingy white or whitish when dry; lamellaeclose, adnate, cinnamon brown becoming darker or 'purplish brown;stem slightly tapering upward, hollow, often radicating and some­what clavate at the base, whitish; spores ellipsoid, 10-12 x .~-6 p..

Pileus 1-3 cm broad; stem 3-5 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thick.Gregarious. Sandy soil. Albany co. September and October.

Rare.When moist the pileus has a peculiar radiate appearance as if dis­

tinctly striate. Large plants often have the margin of the pileusuneven or wavy and widely sulcate and irregularly striate. A massof sand usually adheres to the base of the stem. This species isapparently closely related to the European Psi I 0 c y b e a m m 0 ­

phi I a Mont. from which it may be separated by its hygrophanot1spileus which is com'monly depressed in the center, rarely umbonateand constantly coarsely striate or sulcately striate both when moistand when dry. Its lamellae also differ, if we may rely upon thedescriptions of the lamellae of that species, in having at first a cinna­mon brown color which becomes dark purplish brown with age.They are not made "black pulverulent" by the spores as in P.ammo phi I a Mont. For tl1ese reasons it seems to me far betterto consider our plant distinct from the European species.

Psilocybe atomatoides Pk.

ATOMATE PS1LOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 29, P.41

Pileus thin, fragile, convex or subcampanulate becoming nearlyplane, rugosely wrinkled, atomate, slightly and evanescently whitefloccose, slightly hygrophanous, grayish or ochraceous brown, some­times with a pinkish tint, flesh cinereol1s; lamellae moderately broad,subventricose, rounded behind, adnexecl, einereous becoming darkbrown; stem equal, hollow, minutely flocculent when young, pruinoseat the top, whitish; spores blackish brown, 7-8 x 4-5 p..

REPORT OF THE STATE nOTANIST I9II 97

Pileus r.6-2-4 mm broad; stem 3-5 cm long, 2 111m thick.Ground and decaying wood under pine trees. Albany co. June

and July. Rare.In wet weather the pileus has a moist brownish appearance, but

its moisture escapes quickly. The spore print on white paper isalmost black, but the spores are much smal1er than those of P sa ­thy r e II a at 0 mat a Fr. It also approaches H y p hoi 0 m ainc e r tum Pk. in general appearance but differs in the colorand character of the lamel1ae.

Psilocybe conissans PI<:.

DUSTY PSILOCYIlE

N. Y. State Mus. Bll\. I22, P.I3I

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 4I, p.64; 42, P.45 as eli top i lu s con iss an 5 Pk.

Pileus fleshy but thin, broadly convex becoming nearly plane,gla:brous, hygrophanous, pale chestnut or ferruginous and striatulateon the margin when moist, pale alutaceous or pale buff and some­times slightly rugose when dry, flesh whitish; lamel1ae thin, close,rounded behind, adnexed or rarely adnate, bay verging to darkpurple or liver color; stem equal, rather slehder, firm, glabrous,hol1ow, curved or flexuous, white, veil none ; spores red or vinaceous,8-IO x 4-5 p...

Pileus 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Cespitose. On or about the base of deciduous trees. Ulster,

Essex and Saratoga counties. September and October. Notcommon.

Remarkable for and easily distinguished from al1 other speciesof this genus by the color of the spores. By reason of their colorthe species was formerly referred to the genus Clitopilus. But their

. color is darker than pink and paler than purplish brown. Its othercharacters indicate Psilocybe as its proper genus.

Psilocybe squalidella Pk.

SQUALID PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 29, P.40 as A gar i c u s (H y p 11 0 10m a )

5 qua 1ide 11u 5 Pk.

Pileus thin, convex, subconic or subcampanulate, expanded whenold, glabrous, hygrophanous, clark ochraceous and striatulate on themargin when moist, pale ochraceous or yel10w when dry, sporestained and squalid when old; lamel1ae broad, subdistant, roundedbehind, adnexed, whitish becoming purplish brown with a whitish

NEW YORK STATE H USEUl\f .

edge; stem slender, stuffed, fibrous, subflexuous, reddish brown;spores 9-12 x 5-8 p..

Pileus 1.2-24 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2-2.5 mm thiclcGregarious or cespitose. Damp ground in woods. Adirondack

mountains. September. Very variable. Rare except in the Adiron­dack region.

Var. u m bon a t a Pk. has the pileus umbonate.Var. mac r asp 0 r a Pk. has spores' 12-15 x 6-8 p..

Var. de for mat a Pk. has the pileus very irregular with themargin upcurved and the lamellae very broad, ventricose and irregu­lar; spores 12-15 x 6-8 p..

Perhaps the last two may be worthy of specific distinction. Anunattractive species with the pileus often stained and defiled bythe spores lodging on it.

Psilocybe polycephala (Paul.)

MANY CAP PS1LOCYllE

Plate 127, fig.r-g

Pileus fleshy but thin, subcampanulate convex or nearly plane.glabrous, even, hygrophanous r at first whitish with a reddish yellowcenter, then darker or brown and striatulate on the margin whilemoist, paler or whitish when elry, taste mild; lamellae thin, narrow,close, adnexed or nearly free, whitish becoming purplish brown;stem equal, straight or flexuous, hollow, glabrous, mealy or pnlinoseat the top, white; spores purpjish brown, ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 1-3 cm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 2-4 m111 thick.Densely gregarious or cespitose. In woods on the ground about

the base of trees or on dead wood. Lewis co. September. Rare.Edible.

This is commonly considered a variety of Psi lac y bespa d ice a Fr. but it has seemed to Us to be worthy of specificdistinction. Its distinctive features have been mentioned in anotherplace in this report.

Psilocybe foenisecii (Pers.) Fr.

HAYMAKERS PS1LOCYBE MOWERS MUSHROOM

N. Y. State Mus. Btl!. 75, P.33, p1.86, fig.r-II

Pileus thin, campanulate or convex, obtuse, glabrous, hygro­r·hanous, brown or reddish brown when moist, paler when dry;lamellae broad, ventricose, adnate, subdistant, brown; stem slender,

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 99I

nearly straight, rigid, fragile, hollow, glabrous, pruinose at the top,pallid or rufescent; spores brown, ovoid or unequally ellipsoid,obscurely and bluntly apiculate at one end, 12-16 x 8-ro J.L (10-12 x6-7 J.L in Sylloge) .

Pileus I.2-24 cm broad; stem 5-7 cm long, I.5-2 m111 thick'.Gregarious. Lawns and rich soil in grassy places. Albany co.

May and June. Edible.The spores in our plant are a little larger than the dimensions

attributed to those of the European plant, but we have not con­sidered this difference of sufficient weight to justify the separationof our plant as' a distinct species, Sometimes the moist pileus showsstriatulations on the margin but this character is not constant.The moisture escapes from the center of the pileus sooner than fromthe margin. This is according to the usual habit of hygrophanousspecies.

Psilocybe phyllogena Pic

LEAF PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 26, p,60 as A gar i c u s (H y p hoi 0m a )p h y II 0 g e 11 u s Pk.

Pileus thin, firm, convex, sometimes slightly umbonate, hygro­phanous, reddish brown when moist, alutaceous when dry; lamellaeplane, broad, close, brown, white on the margin; stem equal, fibrillose,stuffed or hollow, brownish, expanding at the base into a thin flatelisk which adheres closely to the leaf on which it grows; spores pa~e

brown, subglobose, 6-8 J.L in eliameter.Pileus 4-8 mm broad; stem 1.5-2,5 cm long, 1-2 mm thick.Fallen leaves in woods. Otsego co, July.One of our smallest species. Because of the absence of a veil it

belongs to the genus Psilocybe rather than to Hypholoma to whichit was originaily referred. The closely related H y p hoi 0 m amod est 11 m PIc. is probably only a form of this species, fromwhich it differs slightly in its larger size, its gra.yish young lamellaeand its inhabiting sticks and twigs instead of leaves. It may bedesignated Psi 10 c y b e ph Y110 g en a mod est a PIc.

Psilocybe castanella PIc.

CHESTNUT PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Bu!. 2, P.7

Pileus thin, convex or subconic becoming plane or slightly de­pressed in the center, glabrous, hygrophano11s, chestnut or umber

100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, pale alutaceouswhen dry, flesh paler than the surface of the pileus; lamellae close,adnate or slightly rounded behind, pale brown becoming purplishbrown; stem equal, flexuous, hollow or stuffed with a whitish pith,slightly silky fibrillose, brownish or subrufescent with a whitemycelium at the base; spores ellipsoid, purplish brown, 8-10 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 8-16 mm broad; stem 2.5-5 cm long, 1-2 mm thick.. Gregarious or subcespitose. Grassy ground by roadsides. Rens­

selaer co. June. Rare.In drying, the moisture first disappears from the center of the

pileus.. The young pileus and its margin, as well as the stem, aresometimes adorned with a few white fibrils.

Psilocybe spadicea Fr.

BAY PSILOCYBE

Sylloge V, p.IOSZ

Pileus fleshy, rigid, convex becoming nearly plane, obtuse,scabrous, even, hygrophanous, bay or bay brown when moist, pallidwhen dry; lamellae close, rounded behind, adnexed, dry, whitishbecoming pinkish brown; stem equal, rather tough, glabrous, hollow,even at the top, whitish; spores brown, 8-9 x 4-5 p..

Pileus 2.5-6 cm broad; stem 5-8 cm long, 4-6 mm thick.Commonly cespitose. Ground in woods, among fallen leaves or

on and about the base of trees. Cattaraugus co. September.

Psilocybe fuscofolia n. sp.

BROWN GILL PSlLOCYllE

Pileus fleshy, thin, conic or hemispheric, becoming convex planeor centrally depressed, glabrous, even on the margin, hygrophanol1s,alutaceous when moist, subochraceous and rugose when dry, fleshwhitish or yellowish; lamellae· narrow, thin, close, adnate, some­times forked, pale brow'n becoming reddish brown; stem equal,slender, hollow, silky fibrillose, white, thickened or subbulbous ·at

. the base, there covered with a white mycelioid tomentum; sporesbrown, ellipsoid, 6-8 x 3-4 p..

Pileus 2.5-5 cm broad; stem 2.5-4 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Solitary, gregarious or cespitose. On or about stumps, on the

ground, decaying wood and in crevices of rocks in woods or in openplaces. I;Jew York and Richmond counties. October and November.Common.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1911 101

This species is well marked by having its pileus rugose when dryand its lamellae brown from the first. Its somewhat bulbous stem,firmly attached to its place of growth by its white basal tomentumis also a noticeable character. Its brown spores, the incurved marginof the pileus and the entire absence of a veil plainly indicate thegenus to which this peculiar species belongs.

Psilocybe nigrella Pk.

BLACKISH PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Bu!. 139, p.z8, p!.III, iig,7-II

Pileus thin, broadly convex becoming nearly plane, slightly um­bonate, hygrophanous, seal brown, shining and. even or obscurelystriate on the margin when moist, raw umber or mummy brownwhen dry; lamellae thin, rather close, rounded behind, adnexed,purplish brown or seal brown, whitish on the edge; stem firm, rigid,equal, stuffed with a slender white pith, silky fibrillose, whitish;spores dark purplish brown, almost black, ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6-8 po.

Pileus 2.5-4 cm broad; stem 3.5-7 cm long, 2.4 mm thiclcScattered or gregarious. Damp 1110SSY ground in swamps.

Albany co. October. Rare. Found but once.

Psilocybe limicola Pk.MUD PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 24, P.70, p1.2, fig.g-I3

Pileus thin, convex becoming nearly plane, glabrous, hygro­phanous, dark brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, paleochraceous brown and rugosely wrinkled when dry; lamellae close,rounded behind, adnexed, cinnamon brown, darker when old; stemslender, equal, brittle, silky, hollow above, stuffed with a pith below,whitish; spores ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6-8 po.

Pileus 1.2-5 cm broad; stem 3-8 cm long, I.5-3 111111 thick.Gregarious or cespitose. Damp 111uck soil in wooels., Lewis ancl

Franklin 'counties. September.

Psilocybe fuscofulva Pk.

TAWNY BROWN PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Bu!. 2, P.7

Pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, subumbonate, glabrous,hygrophanous, dark brown and striatulate on the margin whenmoist, subochraceous when dry; lamellae rather broad, moderately

102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

close, adnate, subventricose, purplish brown; stem slender, flexuous,stuffed, slightly silky, reddish brown; spores purplish brown, 10-12 x6-8 p...

Pileus 1.2-2.5 cm broad; stem 3~5 cm long, 2-4 mm thick.Solitary or scattered. In sphagnum. Albany co. October. Rare.

Psilocybe camptopoda Pk.

BENT STEM PS1LOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 3r, P.35

Pileus thin, broadly convex, glabrous, hygrophanous, brown andstriatulate on the margin when moist, whitish when dry; lamellaenarrow, close, adnate, whitish becoming brown; stem equal, curvedor flexuous, solid, slightly pruinose or mealy at the top, with awhite strigose mycelium at the base; spores 6 x 4 p,.

Pileus 5-20 mm broad; stem about 2.5 cm long, I mm thic1c.Gregariotls or solitary. On decorticated decaying prostrate trunks

of trees in woods. Albany, Ulster and Wayne counties. September.md October. ...-

This is one of our smallest species.

Psilocybe unicolor Pk.

ONE-COLORED PS1LOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 53, p.845

Pileus thin, broadly convex, hygrophanous, brown and striatulateon the margin when moist, even and pale brown or whitish whendry, flesh white, taste slightly disagreeable; lamellae narrow, thin,close, adnexed, brownish, becoming darker brown; stem short,straight or curved, equal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, brownish,paler than the pileus; spores 6 x 4 p...

Pileus 12-20 mm broad; stem 16-24 mm long, 2 mm thick.Decaying prostrate mossy trunks in woods. Wayne co. October.Growing in the same locality as Psi I 0 c y bee amp top 0 d a

PIc. and closely related to it, but separated from it by its adnexedand darker colored lamellae and by its hollow, glabrons stem withouta white strigose mycelium at the base.

Psilocybe senex Pk.

OLD PS1LOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 4r, P.70

Pileus thin, hemispheric, obtuse, hygrophanous, dark brown andstriatulateon the margin when moist, pale cinereous and shining

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 1°3

when dry, slightly squamulose with superficial subfascieulate whitishfibrilS, the margin sometimes appearing slightly and fugaciouslyappendiculate with these fibrils; lamellae broad, subdistant, adnate,grayish or cinereous, becoming brown or blackish brown, white onthe edge; stem slender, hollow, fragile, floccose1y pruinose, white;spores brown, 8 x 5 JL.

Pileus 1.2-2 cm broad; stem 3-7 cm long, 2 mm thick.Decaying wood in woods. Ulster co. September. Rare.The superficial fibrillose and evanescent squamules of the pileus

are similar to those on the pileus of Psi lo c y be can 0 fa c i ensCke. but the white stem of our plant at once distinguishes it fromthat species. The specific name has reference to the white fibrilsof the pileus which suggest the white hairs of olel age.

Psilocybe semilanceata Fr.

LIBERTY CAP PSILOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.105I

Pileus thin, acutely conic or convex, obtuse or sometimes nm­bonate or cuspidate, viscid and striatnlate on the margin when moist,pale yellow or pallid when dry, the margin incurved; lamellae sl1b­distant, adnate, brown becoming purplish brown; stem equal, tough,stuffed, flexuous, shining, whitish or pallid; spores 12-16 x 8-ro JL.

Pileus 1.2-2 cm broad; stem 5-7 cm long, 2-3 mm thick.Gregarious. Pastures and rich grassy places. Autnmn. Albany

co. Rare.Very variable in the shape of the pileus, ranging from acntely

conic to broadly convex and from obtuse to almost cuspidate. It isclassed as poisonous by M. C. Cooke.·

Psilocybe clivensis B. & Br.

HILLY PSlLOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.1055

Pileus thin, convex or hemispheric, even, atomate, pale brown orpale ochraceous, rarely almost white, striate on the margin; lamellaewidely sinuate, adnexed, subdistant, brown; stem equal, hollow,silky above, white or whitish; spores 8-ro x 4-5 JL.

Pileus 1-2 cm broad; stem 3-7 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thick.On the ground or on decaying wood lying on the ground. Ulster

co. September. Rare. Found but once.

104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Psilocybe limophila Pk.

MUD-LOVING PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 30, p.42

Pileus thin, convex becoming nearly plane, fragile, atomaceous,radiately rugulose, whitish, often splitting on the margin, sometimesareolately cracking; lamellae rather broad, sl1bdistant, whitish be­coming purplish brown; stem equal, striate and slightly mealy at thetop, hollow, short, white; spores 10-12 x 5-6 p,.

Pileus 104-2.5 cm broad; stem 2-2.5 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thic1<.Muddy alluvial soill1nder willows. Albany co. September. Rare.Similar to I-I y ph a 10m a inc crt u m PIc in color, but it

differs in the absence of a veil and of the hygrophanous characterof the pileus, the more distant lamellae and the larger spores.

Psilocybe dichroa (Pers.) Karst.

TWO-COLORED PS1LOCYllE

Sylloge V, p.I045

Pileus thin, fleshy, conic or campanulate becoming convex, subl11u­bonate, glabrous, subviscid, stlbshining, striatulate on the margin,brown or bay brown, sl.!balutaceol1s in dry weather ; lamellae broad,subc1ose, adnexed, ventricose, pallid, then purplish brown, whitishon the edge; stem equal or slightly thickened downward, hollow,silky, pallid becoming brownish; spores 10 x 5 p,.

Pileus 2.5-3.5 em broad; stem 5-7 em long, 2-4 mm thic1<.Marshes and wet places. Albany co. October. Rare. Found

but once.

Psilocybe elongatipes Pk.

LONG STEM PSILOCYBE

N. Y. State Mus. Rep't 29, P.40

Pileus thin, convex becoming nearly plane, glabrous, moist,yellow; lamellae broad, subdistant, ventricose, yellowish becomingbrown, usually whitish on the edge; stem elongated, fragile, flexu­ous, stuffed or hollow, slightly silky fibrillose, pallid or reddish;spores ellipsoid, ro-r2 x 6-8 p,.

Pileus r.2-2.5 cm broad; stem 7-12 cm long, 1.5-2 111m thick.Gregarious. Among sphagnum in mar,shes and wet places. Lewis

co. September. Rare.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I 105

A sterile form sometimes occurs in which the lamellae are per­sistently pale or yellowish. In young plants slight vestiges of aveil sometimes are visible.

Psilocybe ucla (Pers.) Fr.

MOIST PSILOCYBE

Sylloge V, P.I045

Pileus fleshy, thin, convex becoming plane, rugulose when dry,tawny bay becoming yellowish; lamellae subdistant, adnexed, ventri­cose, whitish becoming purplish brown; stem equal, elongated, thin,tough, fibrillose, hollow, straight or slightly wavy,. pale above,ferruginous below; spores purplish brown, 16-20 x 7--9 ft.

Pileus 2-3 cm broad; stem 5-8 cm long, 2-3 mm thick.Gregarious. In swamps among sphagnum and other mosses.

Albany and Oswego counties. September and October.The spore dimensions here given are taken from American speci­

mens and agree with those given in Sylloge. Some English authorsgive much smaller dimensions, 10 x 5 /L.

Var. e Ion gat a (Pers.) Sacco has the pilens striate on themargin when moist, even when dry. The color of the moist pileusis livid or greenish yellow, of the dry pileus pale yellowish. Gre­garious. Among sphagnum. July to September. Albany andFulton counties.

Psi 10 c y b e c ern 1.1 a Vahl has been reported but its identityis not well established and 'it is therefore omitted.

106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

LATIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES ANDVARIETIES

Agaricus campester majusculus

Pileus carnosus, firnms, convexus vel subplanus, margine fibrilI­osus squamosusve, disco levis, lamellas excedel1s, umbril1us, carnealba, leviter tarcleque rufescel1te caesa, sapore miti, dulce; lamellaetenues, confertae, liberae, il1carnatae, elemum atrobrul1neae; stipesvalidus, aequalis, farctus, fibrillosus, albus, annulo albo; sporae lateellipsoideae, 7-9 x 6-7 p.,.

Pileus 6-15 cm latus; stipes 2.5-7 cm longus, 1-2 cm crassus.

Ascochyta imperfecta

Maculae variabiles, 4-12 mm latae, amphigel1ae, orbiculares semi­orbiculares subtriangula'resve, majores vulgo terminales vel mar­ginales, pallide brunneae vel fU111osobrunneae, indefinite limitatae;perithecia pauca, amphigel1a, c1epressa, .3-.6 mm lata, brupnea velnigrobrul1l1ea; sporae variabiles, contil1uae vel pseudoul1iseptatae,oblongae subcylindraceaeve, utrinque obtusae, aliqual1do ad septumconstrictae, hyalinae, 6-15 x 2.5~4 p.,.

Boletus albidipes

Pileus carnosus, convexus deinde late convexus subplanusve,viscidus vel glutinosus, juvel1is flavidoalbus, deinde subochraceusobscureque maculatus, carne alba; tubuli plani, adnati, albidi, deindelutei, tandem sUbochracei, dissepimentis uucIis vel glandularibuspunctis paucis; stipes brevis, aequalis, solidus, albus, nudus velpUl1CtiS glal1duhiribus paucis adapicem; sporae 8-10 x 3-4 p.,.

Pileus 5-8 cm latus; stipes 2.5-5 em longus, 8-12 mm crassus.

Boletus ballouii

Pileus carnOSllS, firmus, saepe irregularis, COl1vexus, subplanusvel in centro leviter depressus, siccus, impolitus vel minute tomen­tosus, primus aurantiacus, deinde brunneo-aurantiacus, brul1l1eus velsubcinl1amomeus, carne alba, sapore miti ; tubuli albi albidive, deindebrunnescentes vel brunnei, ubi contusi fumoso brunnei, adnexisubdecurrentesve; stipes variabilis, SOlidus, farinosus v.e1 minutefurfuraceus, ad apicem striatus subreticulatusve, luteus auranti­acusve, saepe albidus in parte supera; sporae 8-10 x 4-5 fL.

Pileus 5-12 cm latus; stipes 2.5-12 em longus, 7-15 mm crassus.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I

Camarosporium mac1urae

Perithecia gregaria, .3 mm lata, in cortice nidulantia, erumpentia,conicavel subglobosa, vix papillata, atra; sporae primum continuae,hyalinae, deinde fuscae, 3-5-septatae, muriformes, saepe levitercnryatae, 15-20 x 8-ro J.L.

In ramis emortllis'Maclurae pomiferae (Raf,) Schneid,

Cercospora eustomae

Maculae suborbieulares, definitae, griseae vel griseobrunneae,linea angusta cinctae; hyphae caespitosae, in maculis dense aggre­gatae vel areas magnas foliorum vivorum occupanles, continuaeseu septatae, ir'regulares et ad apicem nodulosae, 30--60 x 4-6 J.L;

sporae variabillissimae, rectae curvae flexl1osaeve, oblongae vel sub­cylindraceae, irregulares, continuae vel obscure I-2-septatae, sub-hyalinae, 20-60 x 4-6 J.L. .

FoIiis vivis E us t 0 111 a e and r e w s i i A. Nels. et E. r u s ­sell ian i (L.) Griseb.

Cercospora pastinaceae n, comb,

( C e r cos p 0 r a a p i i pas tin ace a e Sacc.)Maculae parvae, inconspicuae, amphigenae, flavidovirides vel

brunneae, venulis limitatae; hyphae hypophyllae, aseptatae, ad apicemnodulosae, pallidobrunneae, 40-60 x 6-8 J.L; sporae oblongae velcylindraceae, rectae vel curvae, ad apicem rare angustatae, 1-3­septatae, 25-85 x 6-8 J.L, uniseptatae sparae loculo superiore angus­tiore.

In foliis vivis Pas tin a cae sat i v a e L.

Cercosporella mirabilis

Maculae angulares, irregulares, 2-IO mm, latae, interdu111 con­fluentes, primum lutescentes vel pallidae, deinde brunneorufescentes;hyphae longae, repentes, ramosae, intertextae vel breves, simplices eterectae, hypophyllae, hyalinae; sporae cylindraceaevel gradatim adapicem angustatae, plurinucleatae, interd U111 I-3-septatae, curvae velflexuosae, ad apicem rare hamatae, hyalinae, 40-120 x 3-5 p.•.

In foliis vivis era t a e g i r i v ul a r is Nutt.

Cercosporella terminalis

Maculae anguste oblongae, 1-3 cm longae, 3-5 mm latae,saepeconfluentes et ad apicem omnino folium discolorantes, brunneae 'vel

108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

nigrobrunneae saepe steriles; caespites effusi, areas lineares floccu­lentes candic1as formantes; sporae variabiles, curvae flexuosaeve,subcylinc1raceae vel ad apicem attenuatae, continuae vel I-3-septatae,saepe nucleatae, 50-ISO x 3-5 p"

In foliis vivis Ve rat r i vir i dis Ait.

Clitocybe fumosa brevipes

Stipes brevis, 1,2-2.5 cm longus, 1-2 .cm crassus.

Clitocybe sinopicoides

Pileus tennis, convexns, margine deflexus, umbilicatus, in centro11occososquamulosus, margine obscure fibrillosns, firmns, fnlvorllfusvel lateritius, carne alba, sapore odoreque farinaceis; lamellae sub­confe'rtae, arcuatae, decurrentes, albae, venis leviter connexae; stipesaequalis, glaber vel subfloceoslls, solidus vel farctus, snblateritius;sporae 6-8 x 3-4 fL,

Pileus 2-4 em latus; stipes 2-4 CI11 longus, 2-4 111m crassus,Inter l11USCOS in lods uliginosis,

Clitocybe sudorifica

Pileus carnosus, tenuis, late convexus vel subplanus, saepe incentre clepressns vel umbilicatus, irregularis vel in margine in lobosfissus, glaber, siccus, albiclus vel griseo albus, carne alba, saporemiti; lamellae tenues, angustae, confertae, adnatae vel leviter de­currentes, albidae; stipes vulgo brevis, aeqllalis vel basi attenuatus,glaber pruinosnsve, farctns vel eavns, interdnll1 enrvns, albusalbidnsve; sporae subglobosae, 4-5 x 3-4 p,.

Pilens 2-4 cm latns; stipes 1-3 cm longus, 2-4 mm erassus.In locis gr~111ineis.

Cortinarius albidipes

PIleus earnosns, eompactus, hemisphaeric deinde late eonvexns,obtusus vel subumbonatus, viseidus, glaber, nitidus, luteolus, carnealba, sapore miti; lamellae 4-6 mm latae, subeonfertae, pallide vio­laceae, demum einnamomeae; stipes vulgo sursum attenuatus, basiincrassatus vel bulbosus, finnus, solidus, sericeo fibrillosus, albus;sporae subglobosus, 8-10 x 7-9 fL'

Pileus 5-10 cm latus; stipes 5-8 cm longus, 1-1.5 cm crassus.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1911

Cortinarius phyllophilus

Pileus carnosus, crassus, compacttts, convexus subplanusve, vis­cidus, subnitidl1s, leviter innate fibrillosus, pallide fulvo ochraceus,carne alba, sapore miti; lamellae tenues, confertae, acie erosae,lnteae, deinde brunneo cinnamomeae; stipes brevis, validus, finnus,abrl1pte bulbosus, sericeo fibrillosus, albidns, basi snbferruginosus;sporae utrinqne sl1bacntae, 10-12 x 5-6 p..

Pileus 7-12 cm latus; stipes 3-5 cm longns, 1-1.5 cm crassus.

Coryneum sorbi

Acervuli numerosi, discoidei, erumpentes, orbiculares vel ellip·soidei, :5-1 mm lati, nigri; sporae oblongae vel oblongo ovoideae,triseptatae, saepe irregulares, fuscae, 12-20 x 8-9 p.; sporophoresbrevissimi vel obsoleti.

In ramulis emortuis S 0 r b i c a I i for n i cae Greene.

Dasyscypha sulphuricolor

Ctwulae sulphureae, gregariae subcaespitosaeve, subsessires, 1-3

mm latae, minute villosae; hymeniurn planum vel convexum, cupulaemargine incurvo cinctum; asci subcylindracei, 70-80 x 3-4 p.; sporaeoblongae vel subfusiformae, 10-12 x 2-3 p.; paraphyses filiformes.

In ligno emortuo F r a x in i n i g r i Marsh.

Dermatea mori

Ascomata orbicularia elIipsoidea vel leviter irregularia, 1-2 mmlata, late convexa vel discoidea, erumpentia, epidermide rupta dncta,nigra vel brunneo nigra; asci cylindracei vel subclavati, 60-90 x20-25 p.; sporae oblongae vel subcylindraceae, subdistichae, con­tinuae, hyalinae, 20-30 x 8-10 p..

In ramulis emortuis M 0 ria I b a eta tar i cae Loud.

Diaporthe inornata

Pustulae valsoideae, 1-1.5 mm latae, in cortice interiore nidu­lantes; perithecia .3 mm lata, 4-14 in caespite, nigra, cum lineanulla circumscripta, ostiola longa, conferta discnm perforantia etobliterantia, erumpentia, epidermide rupta cincta; asci subfusi­formes, 60-80 x 8-10 p.; sporae conferta, oblongae vel subfusi­formes, utrinque seta breve auctae, ad septum constrictae, 2-4­nucleatae, 15-24 x 3-4 p..

In ramis emortuis Rho i sty phi n a e L.

lIO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Diplodia poIygonicoia

. Perithecia minuta, abundantia, dense gregaria, areas longas instipitibus oecupantia, erumpentia, at1:a; sporae oblongae vel subellip­soideae, primmu hyalinae, deinde fuscae, postremo uniseptatae,14-16 x 8-5) }L.

In stipitibus emortuis Pol y g 0 nil a pat h i f 0 Iii L.

Entoloma subtruncatum

Pileus tenuis, subconicus, glaber, hygrophanus, hU111ic1us pall ideoehraceus et margine striatulus, siccus pallidior et subnitidus,subtruncatus, subumbonatus velleviter c1epressus, margine involutus;lamellae tenues, latae, adnexae, subconfertae, inaequales, albic1ae,c1emmu pallide incarnatae; stipes gracilis, aequalis vel sursum leviterattenuatus, cavus, sericeo fibrillosus, flavl1s, basi albic10 tomentosus;sporae angulares, basi apiculatae, 12-14 x 8-10 }L.

Pileus 2-3 cm latus; stipes 3-8 em longus, 2-5 mm crassus.

Fiammuia sulphurea

Pileus carnosus, subconicus vel convexus, c1einde late convexus,glaber, viscidus, hygrophanus, hUl11idus luteus, siccus sulphurelts,interdum in margine squamis albidis fibrillosis ornatus, carne alba,sapore odoreque ingratis; lamellae tenues, confertae, arcuatae, ac1­natae margine crenulatae, albidae deinde ferruginosae; stipesaequaIis, flexuoslts, fibrillosus vel squamulosus, farctus vel cavus,ad apicem flavidus et l11.1dus, c1eorsum ferrugineus; sporae fuscoferrugmeae, 8-Il x 5--6 }L.

Pileus 2--6 cm latus; stipes 3-6 cm longus, 4-8 m111 crasstls.In pomariis et s1.1b P y r 0 111 a 10 L.

GIoeosporium psoraleae

Acervuli minuti, maculas orbiculares brunneas vel nigrescentesbrnnneas occupantes, .25-.75 mm lati; foliorum pilis infra: obseu­rati; sporae oblongae vel subellipsoideae, rectae vel leviter curvae,hyalinae, 14-20 x 4-5 }L.

In "foliis vivis P s 0 r a I e a e esc u len t a e Pursh.

Graphyllium chioes junci

Sporae ad septa non constrictae; paraphyses obsoleti vel carentes.In culmis Ju n c i b a It i c i WilId.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II III

Helvella capucinoides

Ascoma tenue, lentul11, submembranaCeU111, Vl1lgo subbilobatum,uno lobo erecto, altera cleflexo, margine 11uclo, libera, involuto, loboinferiore stipite111 circnmdante, subter albu111, rugulosum; hymeniuIl1fuliginoso ochracen111, deincle brunneu111 vel ochraceo brunneum;stipes gracilis, firmus, aequalis, subteres, farctus vel cavus, pruinosopubescens, canclidus; asci cylindracei, 240-280 x 18-20 p,; sporaeoblongae vel ellipsoideae, uniseriatae, uninuc1eatae, hyalinae,20-28 x 12-16 /L; paraphyses filiformes, apicibus c1avatis.

Ascoma .5-2.5 cm latum; stipes 2.5-7 cm longns, 2-4 mm crassus,In terra in sylvis. A I-I e 1veIl a c·a p 11 C i 11 a Que!. in as­

cOl11atis forma 111argineqne nuda cliffert.

Henningsinia caespitosa

Stromata subc1avata, .5-1 C111 alta, 3-4 111111 lata ad partel11superiore111, acl parte111 inferiOl'em abrnpta augustata, caespitosa, adapicem obtllsa vel Subu111bonata, atra, interc1um nitida; peritheciaoblong'a, I nl111 longa, in stromatis parte superiore erecta; substantiainferior stromatis albida; asci ovato clavati, 36-40 x 14-16 p,; sporaeinordinate confertae, oblongae, continnae, fuscae, 10-12 x 6-7 /L'

In cortice Bur s era e g n m m i fer a e Jacq.

Hygrophorus recurvatus

Pileus carnosus, margine tenuis, convexus, c1einde planus velmarg'ine recurvo COl1cavns, saepe margine laceratns, ndus griseobn1l1neus et margine obscl1l'e striatulatus, siccus subalutacellslevisque, glaber, interdum centro brunnescens, carne alba; lamellaedistantes, subventricosae, venis connexae, decl1l'rentes, albidae;stipes .aequalis, fragilis, farctus cavnsve, fibrosus, subpruinosus,albtis albidusv{:; !'.':;Jorae late ellipsoic1eae vel snbglobose, 6-8 x 4-6 /L

vel 6-7 p, latae,Pilens 1.2-2.4 C111 latns; stipes 2-4. cm long'us, 2-4 111111 crassns.

Hysterium cubense

Perithecia gregaria vel subcaespitosa, oblonga ellipsoidea rectaCllrva vel rare flexuosa, pri11111111 eru111pentia, c1emu111 superficialia,epidermic1e dilapsa, levia, 1-2 111111 longa, .5 mm lata altaque,. atra;asci cylinclracei, 160-200 x 15-20 p,; sporae uniseriatae, oblongaecllipsoic1eaeve, triseptata, ftlscae, 30-40 x 12-16 /L.

In ramis emortuis in terra.

II2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Leptonia davisiana

Pileus tenuis, snbmembranaceus, convexus, deinde planus vel latedepressus, fragilis, glaber, centro leviter squamulosus, siccns saepelate striatus, nigrescente brunneus; lamellae tenues, confertae, snb­ventricosae, adnexae, albae, c1einde incarnatae et pulverulentae;stipes gracilis, aequalis, glaber, farctus cavusve, pileo in coloresimilis; sporae angulares, uninuc1eatae, 10-12 x 8-IO p..

Pileus 1,-2.5 cm latus; stipes 1.5-3 C111 longus, 1-2 111m crassus.In locis gramineis.

Leptostromella scirpina

Perithecia epiphyl1a vel rare amphigena, suborbicularia veloblonga, discoidea concavave, subsuperficialia, atra; sporae sub­bacillares, hyalinae, curvae, continuae, l1trinque acutae, 20-25 x 2-3 p..

In foliis e1110rtuis Sci r pia t r 0 vir e n tis 1\1uhI.

Lysurus borealis serotinus

Pars externa loborum receptaculi alba; lineae canc1idae ab basistipitis radiantes, aequales in' numero receptaculi lobis, plagasquelineares in superficia interna volvae formantes.

Macrophoma burserae

Perithecia minuta, ro0-200 p. lata, epidermide tecta, gregaria velaggregata et pustulas parvas inaequales leviter prominentes et saepeconfl uentes formantia, atra, intus alba; sporae ellipsoideae, subhya­linae, 16-20 x IO-12 p..

In cortice Bur s era e gum 111 i fer a e Jacq..

Macrophoma numerosa

Perithecia minuta, .3-.5 ITIm lata, dense gregaria, membranacea,in cortice nidulantia, eru111pentia, atra, intl.lS albida; sporae oblongaefusiformesve, continuae, interdum binuc1eatae, utrinque acutae,12-20 x 3-4 p.; sporophores brevissimi vel obsoleti.

In ramulis emortius Rob i n i a e p s e u d a c a cia e L.

Morchella conica serotina

Pileus conicus vel irregularis, apice subactus vel late rotl.lnc1atus,interc1um perforatlls, saepe sterilis et brunnescens, .costis aciealbidis; stipes minute squa111ulosus. Serotina. October etNovember.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I II3

Mycena atroumbonata

Pileus tenuis, submcmbranaccus, convexus, eleinele late couvexUssubplanusve, Ul11bOllatus, Jate striato plicatl1s, glaber, subhygro­phanus, udus brullneus et nitic1us, siccus griseo brunnel1s, umbonenigra; lamellae tenucs, subcoufertae, late sinl1atae, dcnte decurrentes,albae, deinde fumoso brunneae; stipes gracilis, glaber, cavns, radi­cans, basi alba villosus, pileo in colore similis; sporae oblongae velellipsoideae, intns granl1lares, saepe billucleatae, 6-9 x 5-6 JL.

Pileus I,2-3.2 cm latus; stipes 5...:'8 cm longus, 1-2 111111 crassus.Solitaria vel greg-aria, In trUllcis prostratis emortius T s n g a e

can a den sis Carl". in sylvis.

Naucoria arenaria

Pileus tennis, convexus subplanusve, flaviclns vel subal1rantiacusmargine palliclior; lamellae latae, inaequales, sinuatae, bruuneo fer­rnginosae; stipes gracilis, rigidus, glaber, medulla alba farctus, pileoin colore similis, psendobnlbosns; sporae brunnescente ferrnginosae,15-2 0 x 10-12 JL.

Pileus .75-2 cm latns;. stipes 2-3 cm longus, 1-2 lTIm crassus.

Ovularia avicularis

Macnlae magnae, snboJ:biculares oblongaeve, brl1uneo rufae;hyphae amphigenae, erectae, caespites minutos confertos albidosformantes, 25-35 x 3-4 JL; sporae oblongae vel ellipsoideae, con­tinnae, rare infra leviter angustatae, hyalinae, 12-20 x 6-8 JL.

In foliis vivis P a I y go n i a vic nl a r i s L.

. Paxillus microsporus

Pileus carnosus, tenuis, deinde snbplanus, subglaber, albus, demumalbidus, interclu111 in centro bn1l1nescens, uelus Icviter viscidus,pri111u111 margine involutus, de111um repanelus levisql1evel clistantestriatns, carne alba; lamellae tenl1es, angustae, eonfertae, primu111acrnatae, clemn111 decurrentes, interdu111 basi furcatae vel leviteranastomosantes, fJavescentes, mox luteseente mnbrinae; stipes brevis,vulgo cleorSU111 attenuatus, solidus farctl1sve, pileo in colore similis;sporae brunneo ochraceae, minutae, subglobose, 2-3 JL latae.

Pileus 1-6 em latus; stipes 1-6 em longus, 3-8 mm crassus,Solitarius vel caespitosus. In terra subter Cas tan e a e

dentatae (Marsh.) Borkh.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Peniophora tenuissima

Tenuissi111a, late effusa, indeterminatu, adnata, siccitate levis velleviter ri1110sa, sUbpruinosa, alb ida ; sporae ellipsoideae, 8 x 4- p.;

cystidia subcylindracea vel conica elongata obtusa, 50-80 x 15-20 p..

Phacidium lignicola

Perithecia subsuperficialia, circiter I 111111 lata, orbicularia vel lateellipsoic1ea, prominentia, rugosa, atra, laciniate aperientiu, margine3-5 dentibus ornata; hymeniu111 lligricans; asci c1avati, 60-80 x10-12 p.; sporae confertae vel subdistichae, contilluae, rectae velleviter curvae, oblongae, interdu111 basi leviter attenuatae, hyalinae,12-15 x 3.5-4 p..

In ligno decorticato Pop ul i t r e 111 u 10 i dis Nix,

Pholiota rigidipes

Pileus carilOsus, subtenuis, fir111us, late convexus, leviter et lateumbonatus, sqnamnlis hirtis appressis brnllnescentibus obscuresquamulosus, flavidus vel lllteollls, carne alba, sapore miti; lamellaetennes, snblatae, confertae, brunneo ferruginosae; stipes longus,l'igidus,gracilis, saepe flexuosus, cavus, obscure fibrilloso squamu­losus, infra annulurri parvum saepe evanescentem pallidus, ad apicemalbus et pruinosus ; sporae ellipsoideae, 8-ro x 5-6 p..

Pileus 5-8 cm latus; stipes 6-8 cm longus, 5-7 lnm crassus.Inter folia dilapsa in sylvis.

Phoma bacteriophila

Perithecia minnta, .2-.3 111m lata, primul1l epidennide tecta, deindeerumpentia, sparsa vel dense gregaria, interdtlll1 conferta et ra111ulul11omnino obtegentia, atra; sporae obovatae vel ellipsoideae, hyalinae,'5-8 x 4-5 p..

In mactllis 1110rbic1is tn1l1COrU111 parvonun Pin i 5 t rob i L. etin ramulis emortuis.

Phoma leprosa

Perithecia .3-.5 mm lata', c1epressa subglobosave, perforata,incrustatione albida tecta; spol:ae rectae, cylil1draceae, hyalinac,10-15x 3-4 p..

In pomis dilaps.is Crataegi punctatae Jacq.

REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 191 I IIS

Phoma roystoneae

Perithecia 111inuta, circiter, .2 111m lata, amphigena, gregaria,abU11c1antia, atra; sporae 111inutae, oblong-ae subcylinc1raceaeve,hyalinae, 5-8 x 1.5-2 /h, sporophoribus brevibus hyalinis suffu1tae.

Infoliis Roystoniae regiae (HBK.) O. F.Cook.

Pluteus alveolatus eccentricus

Stipes brevis, 2.5-3.5 cm longus, 4--6 111111 crassus, curvus, eccen­tricus; sporae pallide incarnatae, interc1u111 luteo incarnatae, globosaevel subglobosae, minute asperae, 6-8 /-' latae.

Psilocybe fuscofolia

.Pileus carnosus, tenuis, conicus hemisphaericusve, c1einde con­vexus" planus vel in centro c1epressus, glaber, 111arg'ine levis, hygro­phanus, ndus alutaceus, siccus subochraceus et rngosus, carne albidaflavidave; lamellae tenues, angustae, adnatae, interdum fnrcatae,pall ide brunneae, c1einc1e rubescente bn111neae; stipes aequalis,gracilis, cavus, sericeo fibrillosns, albus, basi subbulboSllS, albat0111entoslls; sporae brunneae, ellipsoideae, 6-8 x 3-4 p..

Pileus 2.5-5 cm latus; stipes 2.5-4 cm longus, 2-4 111111 crassus.

Septoria magnospora

Maculae parvae, 2..-3 mm latae, pallidae albidaeve, margine mfobrunneae; perithecia minuta, .2-,25 111m lata, depressa, atra; sporaemagnae, late filifonnes vel subcylindraceae, curvae, continuae,hyalinae, interclum plurillucleatae, 45-80 x 3-4 /-'.

In foHis vivis P run i f rem 0 n t i i Wats.

Septoria mirabilissima

Perithecia 111inutissima, .1-,2 mm lata, sparsa, sllperficialia, atra;sporae filiformes, flexllosae curvaeve, continuae, hyalillae, 40-150 x1.5-2 p.; sporophores graciles, 20 x I p..

In cortice leviter c1iscolorato et leve Pi 11 i s t rob i L.

'7ricnoloma equestre albipes

Stipes albus. In alteris typo similis.

Tricholoma planiceps

Pileus carnOSllS, tenuissimus, late convexlls planusve, glabe"r,griseo brunneus vel £lavo brunneus, margine aCllto, minutissil11e albo£locculente, carne alba; lamellae tenues angustae, confertae, levitersinuatae, albae albidaeve; stipes gl'acilis, aequalis, farctus cavtlsve,

II6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

pileo in colore similis vel pallielior; sporae late ellipsoideae,7-8 x 5-6 fL.

Pileus 2-5 C111 latus; stipes 4-6 cm longus, 4-6 111111 craSSl1s.Sub arboribl1s Th u j a e 0 c c ide n tal i s L.

Tricholoma subsaponaceum

Pileus carnosus, c0111pactns, flexibilis, convexns snbplannsve,glaber, albidus, cre111eus vel pallicIus, in centro fU1110S0 bntnneus velalutacel1s, interdu111 maculis parvis snb111arginalibus ornatus, carne2.lba, fracta tarde lutescente vel crocea, odore grato, aniseo, saporefarinaceo; lamellae latae, confertae, adnexae vel snbliberae, albidae;stipes variabilis, aequalis, nnnc apice, nunc basi incrassatl1s, interdul11C0111pressus, rare radicans, sericeo fibrillosl1s, solidus, deinde caVilS,albidus; sporae late eUipsoicIeae vel snbglobosae, 5-6 x 4-5 fL.

Pileus 6-14 cm latns; stipes 4-5 C111 longus, I.5-3 cm crassus.Inter folia dilapsa ill sylvis.

Tricholoma subsejunctum

Pileus carnosus, conicns convexusve, saepe irregularis vel mar­gine repandus et lobatus, ndns leviter viscidus, sl1bnitidus, fibrilisnigris virgatus vel reticulate virgatl1s, nigrescente brunneus, vulgomargine flavidus vel virescente luteolus, carne alba, sapore farinaceo;lamellae tenues, confertae, adnexae, albae, saepe anterius lntescentes ;stipes validus, aequalis, solidus, albus, intercll1m lutescens; sporaeminutae, 5-6 x 4-5 fL.

Pileus 2.5-7 C111 latus'; stipes 3-5 cm longus, 6-12 111m crassus.Inter 111USCOS et folia dilapsa in sylvis.

Tricholoma terraeolens majus

Pileus 2-6 C111 latus, vl1lgo umbonatus, subplanns vel c'rcn111nl11bOne111 depressus; stipes solidns, 6-ro C111 longus, 4-6 mn: c:':\ssns.

In alteris typo similis.

Vermicularia hysteriiformisPerithecia ellipsoidea oblongave, .3-.6 ml'n longei, pri111Ut:1 epic1cr­

mide tecta, demum erumpentia, setosa, atra; setae erectae diver·,gentesve, 50-120 x 4-5 fL, atrae, ad apicem subhyalinae, acutae;sporae oblongae vel subfusiformes, rectae vel leviter curvae,utrinqne acutae, continuae, hylinae, 20-2 5 x 3-4 J-l.

In caulib us emortuis C a u 1op h y 11 i t hal i c t :- 0 i :1 i s(L.) Mx.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Plate 124

117

Tricholoma subsejunctum PIc.

SUDmSJOINED'TRICHOLOMA

I Two young plants2 Plant with conic cap3 Plant with convex cap and lobed margin4 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant5 Four spores x 400

Tricholoma equestre albipes PI<.

WHITE STEM EQUESTRIAN TRICI-IOLOMA

6 Plant with convex cap7 Plant with fully expanded cap8 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant9 Four spores x 400

118

L F I p I •

_I

t I' . T

Plate 125

lT9

Volvaria bombycina (Pers.) Fr.

SILKY VOLVARIA

I Plant of medium size with white cap2 Vertical section of the upper' part of a plant3 Four spores x 400

12Q

OI.V RIA BOIL&

.) Pa.

Plate 126

l.2I

Entoloma grayanum Pk.

GRAY ENTOLOMA

I Immature plant2 Mature plant3 Mature and imnoature plants united at the base4 Whitish plant with broadly umbonate cap5 Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant6 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant7 Four spores x 400

I22

L F r

Plate 127

.23

Psilocybe polycephala (Pau\.)

:MANY CAP PSILOCYBE

I Cluster of immature plants growing on the ground2 Two immature plants of larger size3 Mature moist plant growing on dead wood4 Mature plant with center of cap free from moisture5 Mature plant with entire cap free fr0111 moisture6 Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant7 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant8 Transverse section of a stem9 Four spores x 400

Pholiota discolor Pk.

FADING PHOLIOTA

10 A mature and an immature plant united at the baseII Mature plant after the escape of the moisture from the cap12 Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plantJ 3 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant14 Transverse section of a stem15 Four spores x 400

124

I

1·9.!'H I, (P I.. )ILOC\BK

!'It .

Plate 128

125

Cortinarius albidipes Pk.

WHITE STEM CORTINARIUS

I Immature plant2 Immature plant showing color of the gills3 Mature plant4 Vertical section of the upper part of an immature plant5 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plant6 Four spores x 400

LAT 1

4

I,HIrJlPR I'll:.t: RTI Il

Plate 129

Agaricus campester majusculus Pk.

LARGER MUSHROOM

I Young plant or " button" with gills concealed by the white veil:2 Immature plant showing pink color of the gills3 Mature plant showing blackish brown color of the gills4 Vertical section of an immature plant5 Fotlr spores x 400

AT I Pl.

•, ,

A •.~ Ie s I' .

Plate 130

129

Boletus albidipes PIc.

WHITE STEM BOLETUS

I Immature plant showing whitish tubes2 Immature but older plant showing yellowish tubes3 Mature plant with expanded cap and ochraceous tubes4 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant5 Four spores x 400

130

• .5 ATE U.

4

~I

DOL TU.IlITR

Plate VII

f3f

Clitocybe sudorifica Pk.

SUDORIFIC CLITOCYBE

I Immature plant with convex cap2 Mature plant with centrally depressed cap3 Cluster of plants4 Mature plant with the margin of the cap lobed5 Vertical section of the upper part of a plant6 Four spores ~ 400

Flammula suIphurea Pic

SULFUR-COLORED FLAJ\IMULA

7 Immature plant8 Tuft of plants, two of them showing the color of the mature gills9 Vertical section of the upper part of an immatnre plant

10 Vertical section of the upper part of a mature plantII Four spores x 400

132

F .1 LAT

1'1, 1-6t:1.IT CYRI ,\'l)lIlU I I'

(OOill I I,ITI"

, ,

Plate VIII

133

Boletus ballouii Pk.

BALLOU BOLETUS

I Immature plant2 Mature plant3 Tuft of plants, two of them showing faded color3a Vertical section of the upper part of a plant4 Cystidium x 400

5 Four spores x 400134

.. I

INDEX

Acer carolinianum, 21rubruffi,2I

var. tridens, 21Adirondacks, marsh flora, 7Aecidium atriplicis, 21Agaricus (Clitocybe) anisarius, 66

arvensis, 37campester majusculus, 57, 106laccatus, 91ochropurpureus, 91(Hypholoma) phyllogenus, 99(Hypholoma) squalidellus, 97subrufescens, 37(Clitocybe) suiJzonalis, 83tabescens, 7.s

Andropogon furcatus, 37Anthyllis vulneraria, 21Armillaria mellea exannulata, 75

pinetorum, 21Artemisia frigida, 21

gnaphalodes, 2rAscochyta imperfecta, 21, ra6

medicaginis, 22rhei, 22

Boletus, white stem, 58Boletus albidipes, 22, 58, 106

ballouii, 22, 106granulatus, 58

albidipes, 58subsanguineus, 22

Burnham, S. H., work of, 10

Calvatia gigantea, 37Camarosporium maclurae, 23, 107Centaurea maculosa, 23

nigra radiata, 38Cercospora apii pastinacae, 45

eustomae, 45, ra7medicaginis, 23pastinacae, 45, ra7

Cercosporella mirabilis, 45. 107terminalis, 23, 107veratri, 23

Chestnut bark disease, 6CicLlOrium intybus, 38

Ciavaria subtilis, 23ClitocyiJe,59-60; New York species,

59-89acrid, 72Adirondack, 82bitter, 64bowl shape, 79brown stem, 69cespitose, ~4changeable, 87clouded, 62club stem. 62cup shape, 84deceiving-, 76decorated, 63deformed, 70ditopodalike, 88double stem, 86eccentric, 8rectypoid, 81flat stem, 89fragrant, 8gfunnel form, 80hairy, 64intermediate, 61invcrted, 83ivory, 73large, 79leaf-loving, 71little jug, 67many cap, 78mottled, 76mound, 75multiform, 77narrow gill, 88open, 66peltigerine, 87pine, 63pine-loving, 71regular, 72revolute, 77rivulose, 63robust, 71saucer, 70shining, 83sinopican, 80

135

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Clitocybe (colltinued)sinopican-like, 80smoky, 75spreading, 75subcollcave, 85sudorific, 67sulfnr-colored, 64sweet, 65thin margin, 68trog, 66trumpet, 8Itrunk inhabiting, 68two-form, 65united, 74very white, 69waxy, 92whit.e lead, 70whitish, 67, 72wintry, 85worthless, 87yellowish, 82, 86

Clitocybe adirondackensis, 82albidula, 67albissima, 69ampla, 75angustissima, 88aperta, 66biformis, 65brumalis, 85caespitosa, 84candicans, 72candida, 7Icarnosior, 62catina, 79centralis, 67ccrussata, 70c1avipes, 62compressipes, 89concava, 85cyathiformis, 84dealbata, 68, 73

sudorifica, 68var. deformata, 73var. minor, 73

decora,63difformis, 70ditopoda, 86, 88, 89eccentrica, 8Iectypoides, 8rfellea, 64

C1itocybe (continued)flavidella, 86fragrans, 89fumosa, 75

brevipes, 24, 75, I08fuscipes, 69gallinacea, 72gilva, 24. 82hirneola,24; 67i1ll1den~, 76incilis. 8Iinfundibuliformis, 79, 80

val'. membrallacea, 80inversa, R3leptoloma, 68maculosa, 83111armorea, 76maxima, 79media, 6Imetachroa, 87monadelpha, 74mul ticeps, 78

Val'. tricholoma, 78multiformis, 77nebularis, 62odora, 65, 66

var. anisaria, 66patuloides, 75.peltigerilla, 87phyllophila, 7Ipinophila, 63pithyophila, 7I, 82poculum, 84regularis, 72revoluta, 77rivulosa, 63robust a, 7Isinopica, 80, 8Isinopicoides, 24, 80, I08splendens, 24, 83subconcava, 85subcyathiformis, 70

.subditopoda, 88subhirta, 64sl1bzonalis, 83sudorifica, 24, 67, I08sulphurea, 64tornata, 72trogii, 66truncicola, 68

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1911 137

Clitocybe (rolltinued)tuba, 24, 81tumulosa, 24, 75vilescens, 87virens, 65

Cljtopilus conissans, 97Collybia radicata, 6Coniotheciulll chomatosporiul11, 24Convolvulus arvensis, 38Coprinus domesticus, 24Corallorrhiza trifida, 38Coronophora angustata, 24Cortinarius, white stem, 57Cortinarius albidipes, 24, 57, 108

phyllophilus, 25, 109purp l1rascens, 25

CorYl1eul11 disciforme, 25sorbi, 46, I09

Cryptogl"anUna stelleri, 39Cyathifonnes, 60, 83Cytospora rhoina, 25

salicis, 25

Dasyscypha pulverulenta, 25sulphuricoJor, 25, I09

Dermatea mort, 46, I09Deutzia'scabra, 25

val'. plena, 25Diaporthe inornata, 47, I09

syngcllesia, 47Diffonnes, 59, 74Diplodia polygonicola, 47, IIO

spiraeina, 26Diplodina medicaginis, 26Disciformes, 59, 60Drosera rotl1ndifolia, 39

Edible fungi, 6, 53-58Entoloma grayanUl11, 56

subtruncatum, 47, lIOEuphorbia corollata, 39Explanation of plates, II7-34

Flammula alnicola, 26Spl1lUOSa, 26sulphurea, 26, IIO

Fungi, edible, 6, 8, 53-58 j extra­limital, new species and varieties,45-52

Fusarium pirinum, 26

Galera reticuJata, 39Ganoderma sessile, 26

tsugae, 27Gloeosporillm ncrvisequulll, "27

psoraleae, 48, 110

valsoideull1, 27Graphyllium chloes junci, 48, IIOGrindelia squarrosa, 39

squarrosa nuda, 40Gutierrezia sarothra, 27GYll1noiomia multiflora, 27

Habenaria ciliaris, 40Haplosporella ribis, 77Hebeloma sinapizans, 27Helvella capucina, 27 .

capucinoides, 27, IIIHendersonia grossillariae, 28Henningsinia caespitosa, 48, III

durissima, 48Hydnellum peckii, 28Hygrophorus colemannianus, 28

recurvatus, 28, IIIsorc1idus, 28

Hypholoma incertulll, 97, 104modestum, 99rigidipes, 40

Hysterium cubense, 48, IIIpulicare, 48

Infundibuliformes, 59, 7'8

Laccaria, New York species,90-93

amethyst, 91laccate, 92plastered, 90purplish ocher, 91striatulate, 93twisted, 93

Laccaria amethystina, 91laccata, 91, 92, 93

var, decurrens, 92var. pallidifolia, 92

ochropurpurea, 91striatl1la, 93tortilis, 93

va.r. p;racilis, 93trullisata, 90

Lachnca hemisphaerica pusilla, 40Lactarius milltlscu]Us, 40

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Lepiota rhacodes, 40Leptonia abnormis, 49

davisiana, 49, 112

Leptosphaeria distributa, 28Leptostromella hysterioides, 49

sc:irpina, 49, I 12

Lobelia cardinalis, 40Lonic:era tatarica, 40

xylosteum, 41Lysimachia punctata, 41

terrestris, 41thyrsiflora, 41

Lysurus borealis serotinl1s, 49, 'II2

Macrophoma burserae, sO, II2

numerosa, S0, 112

Marasmius epiphyllus, 28insititius, :28

Melanconis alni, 28Mentha gelltilis, 41Merulius ulmi, 41

Morchella conica serotina, 59, 112

Mushrooms, 6, 8, 45-58larger, 57mowers, 98

11ycena atroumbonata, 29, II3galericulata, 29metata, 29

Mycosyrinx osmundae, 43cinnamomeae, 43

Naucoria arenaria, 29, II3platysperma, 29,

Oenothera muricata, 29muricata canescens, 29

Omphalia offuciata, 29Ophiotheca vermicularis, 30Orbiformes, 60, 85Osmunda cinnamomea bipinnati­

fida, 41

OV'llaria avicularis, 51, I'I3rigiduhi, 51

Paxillus microsporus, 51, II3

Peacock marsh, 7, 44Peniophora tenuissima, 30, II4

Periconia pycnospora, 30Peronospora trifoliorum, 30Pestalozzia adl1sta, 30

funerea, 30longiseta, 30

Phacidium lignicola, 30, II4Pholiota, fading, 54Pholiota autul11nalis, 9

discolor, 54rigidipes, 31, II4

terrigena, 31Phoma amorphac, 31

bacteriophila, 31, II4leprosa, 31, 114roystoneae, 51, II4

smilacis, 32

Phyllosticta rhei, 22

Physcia granulifera, 32

Plants, added to herbarium,S, I1­

13; specimens collected,s; con­tributors and their contributions,5, 6, 14-20; remarks and obs.erva­tions, 6, 37-44; species not be­fore reported 6, 21-36

Plates, explanation of, II7-34Plowrightia morbosa, 41Pluteus alveolatus eccentricl1s, 51,

115Polygonum hydropiper, 42Polyportts albellus, 42

chioneus, 42

focicola, 42

melanopus, 32radicatus, 3:2varius, 32

Polysaccum pisocarpium, 32Polystietus parvl1lus, 42Poria pulchella, 32

Psilocybe, 94; New York species,94-105

bay, 100

bent stem, 102

blackish, 101blue stem, 95brown gill, roochestnut, 99dusty, 97haymakers, 98hilly, !O3leaf, 99liberty cap, 103

long stem, 104many cap, 55, 98moist, l0S

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST I9II 139

Psilocybe (colttinued)mud, 101mud-loving, 104old, I02

one-colored, 102sandy, 96squalid, 97tawny brown. 101two-colored, 104

Psilocybe ammophila, 96arenulina, 96atomate, 96atomatoides, 06caerulipcs, 95camptopoda, !O2canofaeicns, !O3castanella, 99cernua, 105clivensis, 103conissans, 97dichroa, I04elongatip es, 104foenisecii, 98fuscofolia, 32, IOO. II5fuscofulva, IOIlimicola, 101limophila, lO4nigrella, lOIphyllogena, 99

modesta, 99polycephala, 32, 55. 98scmilanceata, 103

caerulescens, 96seuex, 102spadicea, 55, 98, lOOsqualidella, 97

var. deformata, 98var. macrospora, 98val'. umbonata, 98

uda, lOSva,.. elongata, 105

unicolor, !O2

Ramularia karstenii, 32Rubus glandicaulis, 32

sativus, 42Rynchospora fusca, 42

S·agedia cestrensis, 33Sarracenia purpurea, 44

Septoria aquilcgiac, 33dianthi, 33magnospora, 52, lISmalvicola, 33mirabilissima, 33, 1I5

Smilaeina triiolia, 44Solidago j uncea ra1110sa, 42Sphaerouel11a 111inutulum, 33Sphaeropsis a1110rphae, 33

l11ac1urae, 33Spongipellis occidentalis, 34Stagonospora carpathica, 34Steccherinu111 ochraceum, 34

peckii, 34Steganosporiu111 fenestratulll, 34Stenophyllus capillaris, 42Stigmina populi, 34

Teichospora clisseminata, 35trimorpha, 34

T)lyridiulll pallidul11, 35Tipularia discolor, 42Tricholoma, equestrian, white stem,

53-54subdisjoillcd, 53

Tricholoma boreale, 35equestre albipes, 53-54, 115melaleuc1l111, 35multipunctu111, 64persouatu111, 8planiceps, 35, lISsaponaceum, 36subsaponaceulll, 35, n6subsejunct1l111, 36, 53, II6tcrraeolens majus, 52, II6

Trichostema dichotomum, 43Trimmatostroma salieis, 36

Uromyces spartinae, 36Ustilago hypodytes, 36

osrnulldae, 43

Vaccinium oxycoccus, 43Verbena stricta, 36Vermicularia hysteriifonnis, 36, II6Vernonia altissima, 44Veronica virginka, 44Volutella buxi, 36Volvaria, silky, 54Volvaria bombycilla. 54