OF IN Bm M ~ennel*m MUd-.p, IMI~~, p) - NASA · 2013-04-10 · USE OF IONIC LIQUlIW IN ROPCOfL Bm...
32
USE OF IONIC LIQUlIW IN ROPCOfL B m CCk POLYIMLDES MIR IMPROVED LITHIUM ION CONDUCTION Mw Alu R M&, &an M T&laa*', khm ad W1IIkm R ~ennel*m MUd-.p, 0) IMI~~, p) GrwP NASA G h Research h t ~ 21000 3 - Roed Cwand, OH 44135 ~~ solvmbflw, did po- ~ l y k s (SPe) have th poteatid to implw8 dty, iaaeaK desi ficxibiii aad cahrme pcrformrect of dmgeabb lithim ba#srie9. Sdution lmal decmlylw an flsmmsWt and typically hmnpdbk with tithim d limitiq arergy demhy. W e h a r e ~ i c d y ~ u s e o f ~ d d b h k oopdymersdopodwitblium~as~lyksfw~t&iumpolymor -? The polywb rod bhks pravi& dinmshd stability W W the mkne oxide (PEO) coil portions duct im. Pbc ofthe mh mi mils m the h i bmdd p!ymas3 provide cbmh with an orderof~impawementinli&iumconductioacwa~ w r i d s ~ a t r a a m t q ~ ~ M ~ ~ . I n ~ d m , ~ ~ h m k a ~ ~hwin&bbecaapdblewithIYim~. Puprdd useutmmt#nperaaueandbelm,hawavg,athtaa~of~ i t a ~ i a b ~ ~ s t i l l r e q ~ Tbeadditioaofwtwolatile. ram ianic liquids b lma~ shown to impove th ionic cwrduFtirity of high mdoeular might PEO! Hdn rn hk use ofth molten salb to impme lmic cmductivity in the mddl block copolynm~. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070006481 2020-03-01T07:51:45+00:00Z
Transcript of OF IN Bm M ~ennel*m MUd-.p, IMI~~, p) - NASA · 2013-04-10 · USE OF IONIC LIQUlIW IN ROPCOfL Bm...
USE OF IONIC LIQUlIW IN ROPCOfL B m CCk POLYIMLDES MIR IMPROVED LITHIUM ION CONDUCTION
M w A l u R M&, &an M T&laa*', khm a d W1IIkm R ~ e n n e l * m MUd-.p, 0) I M I ~ ~ , p)
GrwP NASA G h Research h t ~
21000 3- Roed Cwand, OH 44135
~~ solvmbflw, did po- ~ l y k s (SPe) have th poteatid to
implw8 d t y , iaaeaK d e s i ficxibiii aad cahrme pcrformrect of dmgeabb lithim ba#srie9. Sdution lmal decmlylw an flsmmsWt and typically hmnpdbk with tithim d limitiq arergy demhy. W e h a r e ~ i c d y ~ u s e o f ~ d d b h k o o p d y m e r s d o p o d w i t b l i u m ~ a s ~ l y k s f w ~ t & i u m p o l y m o r -? The polywb rod b h k s pravi& d i n m s h d stability W W the m k n e oxide (PEO) coil portions d u c t im. P b c ofthe mh mi mils m t h e h i b m d d p!ymas3 provide c b m h with an o r d e r o f ~ i m p a w e m e n t i n l i & i u m c o n d u c t i o a c w a ~ w r i d s ~ a t r a a m t q ~ ~ M ~ ~ . I n ~ d m , ~ ~ h m k a ~ ~ h w i n & b b e c a a p d b l e w i t h I Y i m ~ . P u p r d d u s e u t m m t # n p e r a a u e a n d b e l m , h a w a v g , a t h t a a ~ o f ~ i t a ~ i a b ~ ~ s t i l l r e q ~ Tbeadditioaofwtwolatile. ram ianic liquids b lma~ shown to impove th ionic cwrduFtirity of high mdoeular might PEO! Hdn rn h k use o f t h molten salb to impme lmic cmductivity in the m d d l block copolynm~.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070006481 2020-03-01T07:51:45+00:00Z
Use
of
ioni
c liq
uids
in
rod
-co
il bl
ock
copo
lyim
ides
fo
r im
prov
ed li
thiu
m io
n co
nduc
tion
Mar
y A
nn B
. Mea
do
r, D
ean
M. T
igel
aar,
K
ara
Cha
pin,
and
Will
iam
R. B
enne
tt
NA
SA
Gle
nn R
esea
rch
Cen
ter
Cle
vela
nd, O
H
Str
ateg
ic Im
po
rtan
ce
Lith
ium
bat
teri
es fo
r sp
ace
appl
icat
ions
nee
d el
ectr
oly
tes
with
ioni
c co
nduc
tiviti
es
to 1
0-3
S/c
m
at
tem
pera
ture
s as
low
as
-40°
C.
Hig
her
con
duct
ivity
is a
chie
ved
at
room
tem
per
atu
re
and
low
er b
y ad
ding
sol
vent
(ge
l sys
tem
s).
How
ever
, th
is c
ompr
omis
es d
imen
sion
al a
nd t
her
mal
st
abili
ty o
f th
e el
ectr
oly
te, c
ompa
tibili
ty w
ith
elec
tro
des
, mis
sion
saf
ety
Sta
te o
f th
e A
rt P
okm
er €
/ect
ro@
tes
V
Cat
alys
t
Eth
ylen
e o
xid
e P
EO
Ion
ic c
onau
ctiv
ity is
hig
hest
for
amor
phou
s po
lym
ers
wit
h lo
w T
g S
tro
ng
cou
lom
bic
f orc
es/lo
w f
ree
vol
ume
trap
ions
in
the
cry
stal
line
regi
ons
Tra
de-
off
be
twee
n -
Dim
ensi
onal
sta
bili
ty (h
igh
mol
ecul
ar w
t sol
id)
- M
olec
ular
mot
ion
(sho
rt o
ligom
ers,
liqu
id)
Des
ired
: Con
duct
ivity
of
liqui
d in
a s
olid
mat
eria
l
Rod
-Coi
l Pol
ymer
s
Util
izes
alte
rnat
ing
rigi
d ro
ds a
nd li
quid
like
coi
ls a
s hi
ghly
inco
mpa
tible
blo
cks
Rod
pha
ses
form
m
echa
nica
l sup
port
Liqu
id-li
ke p
hase
s co
nduc
t io
ns
Com
bina
tion
form
s st
rong
, ru
bber
y fil
ms
tha
t are
ea
sy t
o fa
bric
ate
Rig
id r
od
blo
cks
\
\ /
Ion
co
nd
uct
ing
co
il b
lock
s
Rod
-Coi
l Po/
)imid
es
Rods
Sal
t Li
thiu
m b
is(t
rif l
uoro
met
hane
sulfo
nyl)i
mid
e)
LiT
FS
I: L
iN(S
02C
F3)2
Coils
Proc
essi
ng f
ilms
Pol
yim
ides
form
ulat
ed fr
om
am
ine-
capp
ed p
olye
ther
, ar
omat
ic d
ianh
ydrid
e, a
rom
atic
dia
min
e o
r tr
iam
ine
All
oper
atio
ns c
arrie
d ou
t in
dry
box
Dia
nhyd
ride,
pol
yeth
er a
nd
end
cap
com
bine
d in
dry
so
lven
t in
dry
box
in g
lass
ja
r w
ith s
tirri
ng
unt
il in
so
lutio
n
I
Tra
nsfe
rred
to
va
cuum
ove
n at
tach
ed t
o d
ry b
ox
for
imid
izat
lon
(200C)
f $(
R
esul
tin
poly
amic
D
iam
ine
or t
riam
ine
acid
in 3
8 -40
wt
%
adde
d, s
tirre
d u
ntil
solu
tion
cast
into
di
ssol
ved
film
s -o
r-
Sal
t add
ed a
nd
then
cas
t
Con
ducf
ivi$
v M
easu
rem
ents
of
Typi
cal R
od-C
oil P
olym
ers
stai
nles
s st
eel - m
ask
Ioni
c C
ondu
ctiv
ity
Res
pons
e S
urf
ace
Mod
els-
GPC
an
d io
nic
Sig
nific
ant
effe
cts
of
bran
chin
g an
d n-
valu
e on
MW
FM
W a
gree
s w
ith m
easu
red
MW
for
all b
ut th
e m
ost h
ighl
y br
anch
ed
Sig
nific
ant
effe
cts
of s
alt
conc
entr
atio
n, b
ranc
hing
and
. .
n-va
lue
on c
ondu
ctiv
ity
Gra
ph s
how
s da
ta a
t 20
: 1 0 to
lit
hium
rat
io (o
ptim
um)
Hig
hest
con
duct
ivity
(2
.5~
10-5
S/c
m)a
chie
ved
wit
h
8-4
.9
high
est M
W an
d m
ost
bran
chin
g
-s
- ~
~~
.m
~~
~~
~~
,"
w~
62
I . 4 *
F m 4* .a*
- 8- - LE m a * ma*
z 6 Q3
ma* Q3 L
.a* -5 .? 5 .a 0 t .a 0 0 U Y ma + .a ma .a .a .a .a .a .o a a m 3 a a * e
Roo
m t
emp
em pu
re i
onic
liq
uids
sta
ble
TFS
I
Shi
n, H
ende
rson
, Pas
serin
i (E
lect
roch
em.
Com
m. 2
003,
5,1
016)
re
po
rte
d a
dditi
on o
f N
-pro
yl-N
-met
h lp
yrro
lidin
ium
B
trif lu
orom
etha
nesu
lfoni
mi
e (P
13)
to P
i 0
- 30
% P
I3 t
o P
E0:
LiT
FS
I inc
reas
es c
ondu
ctiv
ity f
rom
7
~1
0-~
S
/cm
to
6~
10
-~
S
/cm
. -
Add
ition
of
150%
PI3
incr
ease
s co
nduc
tivity
to
4.5
~1
0-~
S
/cm
. -
Li t
rans
fere
nce
num
ber o
nly
decr
ease
s fr
om
-0.3
to
-0.1
5 -
Ion
ic c
ondu
ctio
n st
ill te
nds
to d
rop
off
with
dec
reas
in
tem
pera
ture
$
sinc
e PE
O s
till
crys
talli
zes
even
with
larg
e am
ount
s o
f 13
l I I
/= /. I I
I / I I / I I I I
-
I I I I I I
4 ir' (r I c ./lo I I 1
I I u
I u '5 9 '5 w 3 u'= - w= 0 i I ii I = 0 .E
I I I .Y 'Z 0 I I I c 0'- I I I 0 -s
'- so + i i a e o m o m - 2 2 2
- I I I I l l
8 8 8 I I I 888
4 d ' i [L [LW
e m .
Rod
Coi
l mad
e w
ith
PPO
co
il an
d io
nic
liqui
d
PPO
coi
l has
low
er io
nic
I e-2
cond
uctiv
ity b
ut
E
le-3
im
prov
ed L
i tra
nsfe
renc
e 3
- 0.08 fo
r 15
0%
u 5
la-4
*-- .- *--
-. --. -..*
-.
*.- . - . . . '.
Rod
-PE
O c
oil 1
50%
B
R
od P
EO
coil3
0%
.. . .
Rod
-PP
O c
oil 1
50%
??
. . .. ..'\
~o
d-P
EO
coilO
%
.-:u
0
Pre
limin
ary
cycl
in
at a
I e-5
room
tem
p so
mew
at
be
tte
r th
en
dry
pol
ymer
11
3-6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
Tem
p, 1
/100
0K
1.0
- --.a
Exp
erim
enta
l des
@n
stud
y V
aria
bles
: C
oil t
ype
- P
oly(
ethy
lene
oxi
de):
XT
J-50
2 (2
000
mol
ecul
ar w
eigh
t) -
Poly
(pro
py1e
ne o
xide
): X
TJ-
506
(100
0 m
olec
ular
wei
ght
Sal
t ty
pe
- Li
thiu
m b
i~(t
rif lu
orom
etha
nesu
lfony
l)im
ide)
:LiT
FSI:
LiN
(S02
CF3
) -
Lith
ium
bis
(per
f luo
roet
hyls
ulf 0
nyl)i
mid
e):
LiB
ET
I:
LiN
(S02
CFZ
CF3
) S
alt
conc
entr
atio
n -
Lith
ium
:oxy
gen
rati
o fr
om 0
.04
to 0
.1
Ion
ic L
iqui
d co
ncen
trat
ion
- 50
-150
% P
13:
- A
nion
sam
e as
sal
t
Expe
rimen
fa/ D
esbn
Stu
dy
Gla
ss T
rans
ition
Tem
pera
ture
: T
9 Lo
wer
Tg co
rres
pond
s to
hi
gher
con
duct
ivity
V
aria
bles
-
PPO
in
PEO
-
Per
cent
Ion
ic L
iqui
d to
Po
lym
er
- Li
:O r
atio
(0.0
4 to
0.1
)
Low
er T
g b
y:
- D
ecre
ased
PPO
fra
ctio
n
- In
crea
se %
ioni
c liq
uid
- D
ecre
ased
sal
t co
nc.
Sam
ples
dow
n-s
elec
ted f
or
furt
her
el
ectr
och
emic
al c
har
acte
riza
tion
S
mal
l bu
t sig
nific
ant
diff
eren
ce i
n co
nduc
tivity
bet
wee
n B
ET
I and
T
FS
I ani
ons-
BE
TI
salt
drop
ped
Sam
ples
with
100
% PP
O t
en
d to
lose
ioni
c liq
uid
durin
g te
stin
g es
peci
ally
at 1
50%
P13
-dro
p fr
om s
tudy
fo
r no
w
For
furt
he
r st
udy:
-
Sam
ples
mad
e w
ith 1
00%
PEO
1
to 1
ioni
c liq
uid
to p
olym
er a
t low
sal
t con
cent
ratio
n 1.
5 to
1 io
nic
liqui
d to
pol
ymer
at
low
sal
t con
cent
ratio
n 1.
5 to
1 io
nic
liqui
d to
pol
ymer
at
high
er s
alt c
once
ntra
tion
- S
ampl
es m
ade
with
50%
PPO
-50%
PE
O
1 to
1 io
nic
liqui
d to
pol
ymer
at l
ow s
alt c
once
ntra
tion
1.5
to 1
ioni
c liq
uid
to p
olym
er a
t lo
w s
alt c
once
ntra
tion
1.5
to 1
ioni
c liq
uid
to p
olym
er a
t hig
her
salt
conc
entr
atio
n
L i p
la tin
g an
d st
r/;pp
ing
effic
ienc
ies
of
film
s w
ith
150%
P13
cove
r (m
gallv
e)
- --sprirg
SP
- UtM
un m
gatlv
e el
ecba
de (W dia.
) S
PE
dis
c (Inm
dia.
)
a Wmr
~s
k
0 co
pper
foil (
0.8'
dia
.)
can@
aalti
w)
Pla
ting
effic
ienc
y on
co
pper
at 6
0°C
~
ed
os
it qu
antit
y of
lit
hium
ont
o co
pper
(14
- ho
ur p
latin
g).
Mea
sure
s a
bili
ty t
o c
cle
1/
10 o
f th
e d
epos
ite
amou
nt in
repe
ated
J st
rippi
ng/p
latin
g 3-
Vol
t cu
toff
pote
ntia
l to
term
inat
e cy
cles
Im
prov
emen
t ove
r PE
O
film
s w
hich
do
not h
ave
acce
ptab
le lo
ng te
rm
sta
b~
li t
owar
d st
rig
ing
an
d pl
a in
g w
ith >
90W
P
I3
+r
Oth
er f
ilms
of h
tere
st
Fabr
icat
ed fi
lms
with
less
ioni
c liq
uid,
50/
50
PEO
/PPO
Io
nic
cond
uctiv
ity m
easu
red
Pla
tinq/
stri
ppin
q ef
ficie
ncie
s, c
yclin
q in
pro
gres
s
T, 1
11 O
OOK
662-
Con
clus
ions
O
ptim
um ro
d-co
il fil
ms
have
be
tte
r ro
om
te
mpe
ratu
re io
nic
cond
uctiv
ity t
he
n P
EO, b
ut n
ot
high
eno
ugh
for
ba
tte
rie
s a
t lo
wer
tem
pera
ture
s U
se o
f io
nic
liqui
ds in
rod-
coil
poly
mer
s im
prov
es
ioni
c co
nduc
tivity
, cy
clin
g in
cel
ls
Hig
hest
load
ing
of io
nic
liqui
ds te
ste
d (1
.5 t
imes
w
eigh
t of
pol
ymer
) re
sulte
d in
hig
hest
co
nduc
tiviti
es
Low
est s
alt
conc
entr
atio
ns r
esu
lted
in h
ighe
st
cond
uctiv
ities
bu
t no
t nec
essa
rily
the
be
st L
i pl
atin
g an
d st
ripp
ing
effic
ienc
ies
Ele
ctro
chem
ical
cha
ract
eriz
atio
n an
d st
ab
ility
m
easu
rem
ents
are
und
erw
ay
NA
SA
Gle
nn
Will
iam
Ben
nett
D
anie
l Sch
eim
an
Val
erie
Cub
on
Uni
vers
ity o
f A
kron
P
rof.
Ron
Eby
P
rof.
Ste
ve C
heng
Fund
ing E
nerg
y S
tora
ge P
rogr
am D
ean
Tige
laar
K
ara
Cha
pin
Kel
ly H
arri
s
Che
nche
n X
ue
Sir
ina
Put
tana
rat
![!bm] o|; tv -u7 J m|u-] Holiday with kids !bm] o|; tv -u7 ...€¦ · o 7b7 o Cm7 o | -0o | 7 8 9 1!bm]_o|; tv -u7 rr tb1- om |_; Ringhotels Card? Áu ; t1_; !;bv;|_;l;m 7;u !bm]_o|;](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/5f39ad2581ae0a47e237a6a8/bm-o-tv-u7-j-mu-holiday-with-kids-bm-o-tv-u7-o-7b7-o-cm7-o-0o.jpg)
![7;-v =ou ubv|l-v bm )-uv- - Go2Warsaw.pl · 2019-11-25 · 7;-v =ou _ubv|l-v bm )-uv- : bm7 oub]bm- t ru;v;m|v -| |_; _ubv|l-v l-uh;| bm |_; t7 $o m : $-h; - v; tC; m7;u |_; _ ];](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/5f2816971eaedb4d1313edc2/7-v-ou-ubvl-v-bm-uv-2019-11-25-7-v-ou-ubvl-v-bm-uv-bm7-oubbm-.jpg)
![Fact Sheet - MER Risk-Managed Multi-Factor Real Estate Strategy … · 2021. 1. 15. · o u|_ -u|;u m ;v|l;m| _b tovor_ 9 ); 0; tb; ; bm 1u;-|bm] t -m|b|-|b ; v|o1h bm ;v|l;m| v|u-|;]b;v](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/60ccda266768b11eda3677a1/fact-sheet-mer-risk-managed-multi-factor-real-estate-strategy-2021-1-15-o.jpg)
![Running Leanlegalleansigma.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Running...lhf^ Ökfl `^m bm [^mm^k maZg hma^kl% Zg] bm Zee lmZkml pbma ma^ bg&ahnl^ Zmmhkg^r%Ë a^ lZrl' ÊP^ l^m ma^ iZkZf^m^kl%](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/5b36705a7f8b9aad388d1767/running-oekfl-m-bm-mmk-mazg-hmakl-zg-bm-zee-lmzkml-pbma-ma-bgahnl-zmmhkgre.jpg)
