The OECD Skills Strategy Better skills, better jobs, better lives Kathrin Höckel, OECD
OECD SKILLS STRATEGY FLANDERS - Werk.be · 4 Skills matter for people’s well-being Source: OECD...
Transcript of OECD SKILLS STRATEGY FLANDERS - Werk.be · 4 Skills matter for people’s well-being Source: OECD...
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OECD SKILLS STRATEGY FLANDERS LAUNCH OF DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
Ludger SchuknechtDeputy Secretary-General
OECD Centre for Skills
Brussels, 21 January 2019
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1. WHY DO SKILLS MATTER?
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What do we mean by skills?
COGNITIVE AND
META-
COGNITIVE
SKILLS
TECHNICAL,
PROFESSIONAL
SKILLS
SOCIAL AND
EMOTIONAL
SKILLS
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Skills matter for people’s well-being
Source: OECD (2016), Skills Matter: Further Results from the Survey of Adult Skill.
Differences between the % of adults with high and low literacy proficiency reporting high levels of trust
and political efficacy, good to excellent health, or participating in volunteer activities
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
High levels of
trust
High levels of
political efficacy
Participation in
volunteer
activities
Good to
excellent health
High levels of
trust
High levels of
political efficacy
Participation in
volunteer
activities
Good to
excellent health
Flanders OECD average
Pe
rce
nta
ge
-po
int
ch
an
ge
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Australia
Austria
Canada
Chile
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Flanders (Belgium)
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Israel
Italy
JapanKorea
Lithuania
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
PolandSlovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
3,2
3,4
3,6
3,8
4,0
4,2
4,4
4,6
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3
Lab
ou
rp
rod
uc
tiv
ity
(lo
g)
Mean use of reading skills at work
Adjusted:
Slope: 0.774 (0.231)
R-squared: 0.261
And how these skills are used matters for the economic success of people and countries
Source: Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012, 2015).
Labour productivity and the use of reading skills at work, PIAAC 2012/2015Adjusted for literacy and numeracy proficiency
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Mega trends are changing and increasing the skills needed for success in work and life
GLOBALISATIONTECHNOLOGICAL
CHANGEDEMOGRAPHIC
CHANGE
Rapid development of
new technologies
Emergence of new
forms of work
Expansion of sources
of learning, especially
online
More integrated world
economy than ever
Emergence of global
value chains, offshoring
and outsourcing
Increased vulnerability
of some workers
Large expected
decline in working-
age population
Important
reallocations towards
care services
Need to ensure youth
have the right skills
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2. WHAT IS THE OECD SKILLS STRATEGY IN FLANDERS?
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OECD Skills Strategy
Contributes to
economic prosperity
Contributes to
social cohesion
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Flemish Government
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A collaboration between the OECD and Flanders
Finance and
Budget (FB)
OECD
VDAB, SERV,
VLOR, SYNTRA and more
Economy,
Science and Innovation (EWI)
Directorate for
Education and Skills
Directorate for
Employment, Labour and
Social Affairs
Centre for
Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions,
and Cities
Education and
Training (OV)
Work and Social
Economy (WSE)
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Engaging all relevant stakeholders
Diagnostic Workshop (15 May)
Approx. 75 participantsGood Practices Workshop (18 Sept)
Approx. 75 participants
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5 Priority areas were identified for Flanders
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5 priorities:
I. Developing a learning
culture
II. Reducing skills imbalances
III. Strengthening skills use in the
workplaces
IV. Strengthening the governance of adult learning
V. Improving the financing of
adult learning
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PRIORITY 1: DEVELOPING A
LEARNING CULTURE
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Learning is Life long
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Early childhood
education and
care
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And learning is life-wide
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Homes
Schools Workplace
Community
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Strengthen the skills of adults to thrive in the digital age
Share of adult with well-rounded skills (PIAAC), 2012 or 2015Level 3-5 in literacy & numeracy, Level 2/3 in problem solving
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (2017) Survey of Adults Skills database (PIAAC) (2012, 2015).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45%
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Participated, but does not want to participate (more)
Did not participate, and does not want to participate
Willingness to participate in adult learning is low
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (2017) Survey of Adults Skills database (PIAAC) (2012, 2015).
Adults not willing to participate, % of 25-64 year-olds, 2012/2015
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and barriers to participation are high
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD (2017) Survey of Adults Skills database (PIAAC) (2012, 2015).
Main obstacles to participation, % of total, 2012/2015
0 10 20 30 40
Did not have the prerequisites
Something unexpected came up
Too expensive
Lack of employer’s support
Other
Inconvenient time or place
Childcare, family responsibilities
Too busy at work
%
Flanders OECD average
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Recommendations: Learning culture
Make adult education more accessible
and relevant
Enlarge the accessible course offerings for adult
learners in higher education19
Embed adult learning within a lifelong
development approach
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Recommendations: Learning culture
Transform adult learning providers into learning
organisations
Expand work-based learning in university colleges,
universities and adult education
Establish a co-operation network to identify and
disseminate best practices in stimulating a learning
culture in the workplace
20
Raise awareness of the importance of
adult learning
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PRIORITY 2:
REDUCING SKILLS
IMBALANCES
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VRT, 14/02/2018
Flanders has a tightening labour market
22
VRT, 28/06/2017
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A large share of vacant jobs and low unemployment contribute to skills shortages
Job vacancy rate and unemployment rate, OECD-EU countries, 2017
Note: the job vacancy rate is defined as the number of job vacancies expressed as a percentage of the sum of the number of
occupied posts and the number of job vacancies.Source: Eurostat (2018), Job vacancy rate by NACE Rev. 2 activity - annual data (from 2001 onwards) [jvs_a_rate_r2]; Statbel
(2018), Job vacancy rate,; OECD (2018), Regional Labour statistics.
Austria
BelgiumBrussels
Czech Republic
EstoniaEuropean Union
Finland
Flanders (Belgium)
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Latvia
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland PortugalSlovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom Wallonia
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
0 5 10 15 20 25
Job vacancy rate,
2017
Unemployment rate, 15-64 year-olds, 2017
23
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Skills shortages are largely concentrated in STEM
and ICT occupations
Job vacancy rate for selected economic activities and total, Flanders, 2013 and 2017
Note: The job vacancy rate is the number of job vacancies divided by total labour demand (i.e. job vacancies plus occupied
positions). Classification of economic activities based on NACE Rev. 2. Source: Statbel (2018), Job vacancy rate, https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/work-training/labour-market/job-vacancy#news.
24
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Professional, scientific and
technical activities
Information and
communication
Construction All other economic activities Total
2013 2017
Jo
b v
ac
an
cy
ra
te
Economic activities
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Create bridges between learning and career
development support
Make the education system more responsive to
changing skills demand
Recommendations: Skills Imbalances
Support assessments of skills needs and skills forecast
exercises 25
Mobilise sectoral training funds to
address skills shortages
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Recommendations: Skills Imbalances
Prioritize training in skills in high demand for
jobseekers, particularly those at risk of long-
term unemployment
Raise awareness about skills validation (Erkennen
van Competenties, EVC) among employers and
potential users
26
Provide individuals with a balanced portfolio
of skills
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PRIORITY 3:
STRENGTHENING
SKILLS USE IN THE
WORKPLACE
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Skills are not used to their full potential in the
workplace, especially numeracy skills
Use of numeracy skills and numeracy proficiency
Note: Skills use indicators are between 1 "Never" and 5 "Every day".
Source: OECD Survey of Adult Skills database (PIAAC) (2012, ‘15).
Czech Republic
Australia
New Zealand
United States
Canada
Slovak RepublicEstonia
Slovenia
Korea
Germany
England (UK)OECD
Northern Ireland (UK)
Japan
Greece
Ireland
Poland
DenmarkNorway
Austria
Sweden
Spain
France
Flanders (Belgium)
Netherlands
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 3
Numeracy
proficiency (score)
Use of numeracy skills at work
28
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Higher intensity of High-performance work
practices (HPWP) help drive skills use
29
Source: Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012, 2015).
Skills use at work and High Performance Workplace Practices, PIAAC 2012,2015
Australia
Austria
Chile
Czech Republic
Denmark
England (UK)
Estonia
Finland
Flanders (Belgium)
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
N. Ireland (UK)
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
OECD
Poland
Slovak RepublicSlovenia
Spain
Sweden
United StatesR² = 0,5463
2,2
2,3
2,4
2,5
2,6
2,7
2,8
2,9
3
3,1
3,2
2,5 2,55 2,6 2,65 2,7 2,75 2,8 2,85 2,9 2,95 3
Reading at work
index
Mean HPWP index
Management and
organization practices
such as:
• Teamwork
• Autonomy
• use of incentive
pay,
• training practices,
and
• flexibility in
working hours
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Especially small firms tend to use the skills of their
workers less
Use of information-processing skills at work, by firm size, 2012 or 2015
Note: Skills use indicators are between 1 "Never" and 5 "Every day".
Source: OECD Survey of Adult Skills database (PIAAC) (2012, ‘15).
30
1,7
1,9
2,1
2,3
1-1
0 e
mp
loye
es
11
-50
em
plo
ye
es
51
-25
0 e
mp
loye
es
25
1-1
00
0 e
mp
loye
es
10
00
+ e
mp
loye
es
1-1
0 e
mp
loye
es
11
-50
em
plo
ye
es
51
-25
0 e
mp
loye
es
25
1-1
00
0 e
mp
loye
es
10
00
+ e
mp
loye
es
Numeracy at work ICT at work
Ind
ex o
f u
se
Most frequent use = 4
Least frequent use = 0
Flanders OECD average
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Provide direct funding to employers to re-shape the workplace
and encourage more management training, especially among
small and medium enterprises
Examine company working conditions and human resource practices
to help fill job vacancies and address potential skills shortages
Raise awareness of the importance of skills use in the
workplace
Recommendations Skills Use
Promote flexible career mobility opportunities within sectors and
firms
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PRIORITY 4: STRENGTHENING
THE GOVERNANCE
OF ADULT LEARNING
32
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Culture, youth and
media
32
Responsibilities for adult learning
are shared widely across governments
Work and Social
Economy (WSE)
Agriculture and
fisheries
Education and Training
(OV)
Federal government
• Collective labour
agreements
• Time credit
• Degree standards
• Taxation
Flemish government
• Provision of adult education
• Budget
• Sectoral training funds
• Paid educational leave
• …
Provinces: Antwerp, East-Flanders, Flemish Brabant, Limburg, West-Flanders
308 municipalities
Finance and Budget
(FB)
Economy, Science
and Innovation
(EWI)
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And there is a large number of providers of
adult learning in Flanders
34
Centres for Adult Education
101
Centres for Basic Education
13
University colleges16
Universities6
Academies for visual arts
Academies music, dance and
dramaSyntra Employers
Public employment service VDAB
NGO providers (sector funds)
Adult education institutes
National training institutes
Associations and movements
Libraries Others
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Coordinating, aligning, sequencing reforms is key
to optimise the output of policies
Coordinate
policies
Sequence
policies
Align
policies
Optimal effectiveness and possible complementary effect
Instead of piecemeal reforms, introduce a multidimensional
approach with reforms in all policy dimensions related to skills
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Support local community organisations to foster, host and
co-ordinate local networks of stakeholders that work to
improve adult learning
Establish a common knowledge and evidence base
Establish a comprehensive and concrete vision for
adult learning
Recommendations: Governance
Promote coherence and complementarity between levels of
government in adult learning
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PRIORITY 5:
IMPROVING FINANCING
OF ADULT LEARNING
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37
Despite many financial incentives, the motivation to
participate in adult learning remains low
Paid
educational
leave
Career
guidance
vouchers
Registration
fee
exemptions
Training
vouchers
Training
credit
SME wallet
Strategic
transition
support
Sectoral
training
funds
Tax
deduction
8 out of 10 adults
do not want to
participate in
adult learning
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And financial measures do not seem to reach the
groups most in need
Note: High-skilled adults score at level 5 or above in literacy and/or numeracy, while low-skilled adults score below level 2 in literacy and/or numeracy.Source: OECD (2018), OECD calculations based on Survey of Adults Skills database (PIAAC) (2012, 2015), www.oecd.org/skills/piaac.
% of employees receiving employer financial support for education or training, by skills level, 25-64 year-olds
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90%
low skilled high skilled
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Ensure that training incentives support flexible
modes of training delivery
Expand programmes to reach out to marginalised groups
with information, advice and guidance about training
Group all existing training incentives into a single
learning account
Recommendations: Financing
Explore options for financially supporting transitions from job to
job or from one employment status to another
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5 priorities:
I. Developing a learning
culture
II. Reducing skills imbalances
III. Strengthening skills use in the
workplaces
IV. Strengthening the
governance of adult learning
V. Improving the financing of
adult learning
Engaging everyone in a clear, comprehensive,
mobilizing vision
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Education
institutionsCompanies
Social
partners
Learner
Public
employment
service
Government
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For more information
To discuss OECD’s work with countries on National Skills Strategy projects
contact:
To learn more about the OECD’s work on skills visit: www.oecd.org/skills/
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