OE vocabulary OE - relatively few borrowings; most words were native (i.e. Germanic); Many words -...
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Transcript of OE vocabulary OE - relatively few borrowings; most words were native (i.e. Germanic); Many words -...
OE vocabularyOE - relatively few borrowings; most words
were native (i.e. Germanic);Many words - almost identical:
hand, winter, under;Some words - similar form, but different meaning:
brēad (piece), drēam (joy), sellan (give), winnan (fight);Some words - limited context
(fixed expressions/collocatins/idioms): bridegroom, werewolf, Yuletide;
Many OE words did not survive: blīcan (shine), here (army), racu (explanation);
OE - borrowingsLatin:
before OE (Romans Germanic tribes):trade: Lat vīnum OE wīnmilitary: Lat vallum OE weall
OE (Anglo-Saxons): learned loanwords: Lat scrīnium OE scrīn,
Lat schola OE scōlCeltic:
place names: Avon, Dover, LondonLat Celtic OE: -ceaster, -coln
OE - borrowingsOld Norse
Most ON words in OE were unwritten until MEMany loanwords = cognates:
substitution OE sweoster/ON systir bifurcation OE scyrte/ON skirta
other examples; call take give they – them – their vind + auga (window)
ME lexicon - borrowingsLatin (often via Fr)
religion: pulpit, scripture, law: conviction, commit, legitimateeducation: library, index, scribescience: medicine, equal, recipe
Greekvia Lat: chaos, historyvia Fr: chronicle, dragon,
ME lexicon - borrowingsFrench (esp. 1250 – 1400)
administration: government, country, royallaw: crime, court, judgereligion: preach, saintmilitary: castle, captain, soldierfood: beef, fry, fruiteducation: literature, letter…
Eng nobiles used many Fr words while speaking
Eng
ModE - borrowingsLatin (science, geography, medicine):
peninsula, library, delirium…Greek:
many words via Lat & Fr: rhythm, barbarous, machine…
French (social life, art):ModE: cigarette, police, camouflage, cliché…ME vs. ModE: chief vs. chef
ModE - borrowingsSpanish & Portuguese (trade, nature):
alligator, chocolate, embargo, potato, tornado…Italian (art, food, social life):
piano, opera, balloon, casino, fresco,influenza, broccoli…
Dutch (trade, navy):deck, iceberg, smuggle, booze,
Br colonies:jungle (Hindu), bazaar (Persian), tea (Chinese),
rattan (Malay), boomerang (Austr), banana (W Afr)