Odour offensiveness of a mink farm

Odour offensiveness of a mink farm

Dependence of annoyance spread on the size of a farm

Milena Połeć

Part of a master thesis carried out in the Laboratory for Odour Quality of the Air under supervision of prof. dr hab.eng. Joanna Kośmider

Szczecin University of TechnologyDepartment of Technology and Chemical Engineering

Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection Processes

Plan of presentation

• Introduction

• Aim and scope of the work

• Methodology

• Calculations of odour concentration in the ambient air in the surroundings of animal farms of various sizes

– typical meteorological situation

– calendar year

• Summary of the results

Introduction

Complaints about odour nuisance of animal breeding and raising make 17% of all complaints about nuisance of economic activity (data from the year 1993).

In the year 1993 complaints about odour nuisance of fur farms made 6% of all complaints about nuisance of animal raising.

One can assume that nowadays the share of the complaints about this sort of animal breeding is even bigger.

Recently complaints about mink farms, whose number is rising (4,5% of the world fur production), have been more and more recent.

Mink breeding is most intensely developed in the north-western Poland(West-Pomeranian Province).

Legislative works do not catch up with farming development.In Poland an executive ordinanace of Minister for the Environment on standards of odour quality of the air and methods of its evaluation has not been published so far.One of the ordinance projects is based upon the rules similar to the ones determined in Germany at the beginning of 1990s.

Way of an area development

D60

[ ou/m3 ]

T%

existing state

till31.12.2012

according to an aim

from01.01.2013

A21

8 3

B2 15 8

A2 – area of housing estates: detached housing, house of flats; area of service housing: housing connected with administration, health service, trade, religious cult, science, education, culture and art, rest; areas of recreation and rest: areas of holiday resorts, areas of children plays resorts, beaches, arranged parks and squares, greenery (beyond street ways), sport areas;B2 – agricultural areas: housing estates, farming estates; D60 [ou/m3] – admissible level of odour substances in the ambient air, average value reffering to 60 minutes ,T % – admissible freequency of D60 exceeding [% hours a year].

Aim and scope of the work

• The considered aim of this work was to determine the size of the areas, on which the probability of a nuisant odour occurence exceeds the levels of 8 and 15%.

• The basis for calculations was the odour emission factor – determined by Mr Jacek Zdyb (median of a set of experimantal values collected in Strumiany):

Fqod = 4,4 Gou / year x 1000 minks

• Calculations were conducted for six hypothetical mink farms with the stock of:

10 000, 30 000, 50 000, 70 000, 90 000 and 110 000 minks.

Methodology

It was assumed that animal houses are arranged in squares of various

dimensions (distances between the animal houses – analogically to

NOREX Strumiany ltd.).

Dispersion simulations were conducted according to a model

recommended by the Minister for the Environment (program:

Operat, PROEKO).

Calculations of:

– average concentrations cod,60-m [ou/m3] in a stable meteorological

condition (typical for the province)

– probability of occurence of exceeding defined levels of cod,60-m [ou/m3] in

a year scale were conducted.

The wind rose of Szczecin-Dąbie was utilised.

Number of observations = 29220 List of shares of individual wind directions %

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

NNE ENE E ESE SSE S SSW WSW W WNW NNW N

8,17 7,17 6,79 10,34

5,97 3,05 7,00 21,50

15,57

6,37 3,90 4,18

List of shares of individual wind velocities %

1 m/s 2 m/s 3 m/s 4 m/s 5 m/s 6 m/s 7 m/s 8 m/s 9 m/s 10 m/s 11 m/s

11,01

16,30

17,87

16,31

13,28

9,66 7,42 4,64 2,13 0,78 0,60

Results of odour concentration calculations

cod,60-m [ou/m3]

in a stable meteorological condition:

wind velocity: 3 m/s

wind direction: WSW

10 000 minks

wind velocity: 3 m/swind direction: WSW

10 tys. Stężenia średnie

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

10,5

0,1

0,1

Skala 1: 15483

30 000 minks30 tys. Stężenia średnie

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1

0,50,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Skala 1: 15483



Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1

0,5

0,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Skala 1: 15483



Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1

0,50,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Skala 1: 15483



Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1

2,34

0,5

0,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Skala 1: 15483



Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1

1

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Skala 1: 15483


In a meteorological situation prevalent on the area of the Province, average odour concentration exceeds the level of

cod, 60-m = 0,1 ou/m3

(environmental detection threshold)

on the downwind side of a farm to the distances of:

10 000 minks 200 m 30 000 minks 500 m 50 000 minks 700 m 70 000 minks 800 m 90 000 minks 1 000 m110 000 minks 1 150 m

Conclusion 1

Conclusion 1

Results of calculations of probability of exceeding the recognition threshold in the year scale

cod,60-m = 1 ou/m3

Szczecin-Dąbie wind rose

10 tys .

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

158

Skala 1: 15483

10 000 minks

Szczecin-Dąbiewind rose1 ou/m3

30 tys .

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

88

Skala 1: 15483

Szczecin-Dąbiewind rose

30 000 minks

1 ou/m3

50 tys .

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1515

88

Skala 1: 15483


50 000 minks

1 ou/m3

70 tys .

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1515

8

8

Skala 1: 15483


70 000 minks

1 ou/m3

90 tys .

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

8

8

8

Skala 1: 15483


90 000 minks

1 ou/m3

110 tys .

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

8

8

8

Skala 1: 15483


110 000 minks

1 ou/m3

On the area embraced by Szczecin-Dąbie wind rose the probability of exceeding the 1 ou/m3 concentration is bigger than 8% in the belt of maximum 120 m surrounding the emitter.

Conclusion 2

Results of calculations of probability of exceeding the environmental odour detection thereshold in the year scale

cod,60-m = 0,1 ou/m3

10 000 minks

0,1 ou/m3

10 tys.

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

1515

8

8

Skala 1: 15483


30tys.

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

15

88

88

Skala 1: 15483


30 000 minks

0,1 ou/m3

50tys.

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

15

15

8

8

8

8

8

Skala 1: 15483


50 000 minks

0,1 ou/m3

70tys.

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

1515

88

8

88

Skala 1: 15483


70 000 minks

0,1 ou/m3

90tys.

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

15

15

15

8

8

88

8

Skala 1: 15483


90 000 minks

0,1 ou/m3

110tys.

Y

X

N

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000

15

15

1515

15

8 8 8

8

8

Skala 1: 15483


110 000 minks

0,1 ou/m3

On the area embraced by Szczecin-Dąbie wind rose the probability of exceeding the 0,1 ou/m3 concentration is bigger than:

• 8% in the distance from 150 meters to 660 meters, • 15% in the distance from 100 meters to 450 meters,

depending on the size of the farm. It refers to the area located within the range of prevalent SW winds.

Conclusion 3

Number of minks

Distance from the emitter boundary to the selected isolines [m]

15% 8%

10 000 100 150

30 000 220 300

50 000 280 420

70 000 340 500

90 000 390 580

110 000 450 660

Conclusions

• On the area embrased by the Szczecin-Dąbie wind rose the probability of excceding the concentration of 1 ou/m3 is bigger than 8% in the belt of 120 m wide surrounding the emitter.

• On the area embraced by Szczecin-Dąbie wind rose the probability of exceeding the 0,1 ou/m3 concentration is bigger than:

- 8% in the distance from 150 meters to 660 meters, - 15% in the distance from 100 meters to 450 meters,

depending on the size of the farm. It refers to the area located within the range of prevalent SW winds.

In a meteorological situation prevalent on the area of the Province on the downwind side of a farm, an average odour concentration exceeds the environmental detection threshold (cod, 60-m = 0,1 ou/m3) at the distances:

- to 200 m – for farms of 10 thousand minks,- to 1150 m – for farms of 110 thousand minks.

Thank you for your attention!

Odour offensiveness of a mink farm

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