Odihr Unicri Icty 2009report En

8/7/2019 Odihr Unicri Icty 2009report En

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Supporting the Transition Process:Lessons Learned and Best Practicesin Knowledge TransferFinal Report


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T p wa pducd by h OSCE Oc Dmcac Iu ad Huma Rh,

ju wh h UN Iaal Cal bual h Yulava ad h UN I-al C ad Ju Rah Iu, ad wh aal upp h v h Nhlad, Swzlad, Gay ad h Ud Sa Aa.

Publhd by h OSCE O Da Iu ad Hua Rh (ODIHR)Al. Ujazdwk 1900- WaawPladwww../dh

OSCE/ODIHR 2009All h vd. T h publa ay b ly ud ad pd duaal ad h -al pup, pvdd ha ay uh pdu a-pad by a akwld h OSCE/ODIHR a h u.

ISBN 98-92-923-1-0

Cv d by Azka RbwkaLayu by Hwk, Waaw, PladPd Plad by AGENCJA KARO


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T

L A A 5

Ex S 7

F 15

I I 15

A. Rah Sa & Mhdly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B. Addal Bakud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

II R A P E 19

A. Gal Cay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

B. Aaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

III N A 26

A. Gal Cay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

B. Cu El h Ju Sy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

IV B P & L L 36

A. Gal Cay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

B. B Pa Gally Applabl Kwld a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

C. B Pa: Mhdl, Mha ad hqu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

V R 52

A. Gal Cay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

B. Gal Rda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

C. Rda By p (Pzd wh ah p) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8


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4 Supporting the Transition Process Final Report

VI Cg Rk 66

VII Ax 68

Ax 1. ly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Ax 2. L Ivw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Ax 3. Mhdly & Rah Sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ax . Ovvw Pa E Kwld a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Ax . Applabl Subav Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Ax . Clld B Pa W Supp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Ax . Clld B Pa Ouah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Ax: L-Lgg T 97


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L A A

ABA/CEELI Aa Ba Aa/Cal & Ea Eupa Law Iav

ADC-ICTY Aa D Cul (a h ICY)BH Ba ad HzvaBIRN Balka Ivav Rp NwkCDRC Cal D Ru CCLE Cu Lal EduaCE Cul EupDJA Dpa Judal Aa ( h UNMK)ECHR Eupa Cv Hua RhEDS El Dlu Sy (a vday daaba

h ICY OP)EU Eupa U

EULEX Eupa U Rul Law M KvHLC Huaaa Law CIB Iu BuldIBA Iaal Ba AaICC Iaal Cal CuICHL Iaal Cal ad Huaaa LawICITAP Iaal Cal Ivav a Aa PaICMP Iaal C M PICTJ Iaal C aal JuICTR Iaal Cal bual RwadaICTY Iaal Cal bual h YulavaIGO I-Gval OazaIHL Iaal Huaaa LawKFOR Kv P FKJI Kv Judal IuNGO N-Gval OazaODIHR O Da Iu ad Hua Rh ( h OSCE)OKO Odjk Kv Odba (Cal D S

h Ry) (Cu BH)OLAD O Lal Ad ad D Ma (a h ICY)


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OPDAT Ova Pual Dvlp, Aa & a(US Dp Ju)

OSCE Oaza Suy ad C-pa EupOTP O h Pu ( h ICY)PI Publ IaRAID Rvw, A, Idy, D h ah hdly h

udyRS Rpublka SpkaSCSL Spal Cu Sa LSIPA Sa Iva ad P Ay ( BH)UNICRI Ud Na Ial C ad Ju Rah IuUNMIK Ud Na I Ada M Kv

UNSC Ud Na Suy CulWCPO Wa C Pu O (Blad D Cu)YIHR Yuh Iav Hua Rh (NGO bad Sba)


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Ex S

Introduction

A h Iaal Cal bual h Yulava (ICY) appah hd pl ay, h pu ha ual xp ad ak avalabl lal pal h Yulava hadl wa (ICHL)1 a-

b aly pa. I d udad hw uh kwld aca b m cvly udak du h ma l h ICY, h Oc

Da Iu ad Hua Rh h Oaza Suy ad C-p-a Eup (OSCE/ODIHR)2, h ICY, ad h Ud Na Ial Cad Juc Rach Iu (UNICRI)3 uppd ubaal ly by h .M.C. A

Iuu ad h pjc wh h vall al dy b pacc h

kwld-a aa a pv aly h dlvy uu pal-dvl-pal ad apay-buld pa.

ahv h abv-ad a, h pj pa adpd a u-p ahp ha bd a al xaa pa wh a u a h d lal pal h . T w p av a b pacc, .., kwld-a chqu ad mhdl wh a uccul

ak d dlv h ubj a. T ah al ad val a

pv x kwld-a pa a wll a a ub vav hdl-. T la pa d aly ba a d u plud h b lablld b pa bu h lu h p u a dblpal ha uu kwld-a udak. I add h ab-lhd b pa ad h ud pv, h Rp lud a wd a da (S V). S u d py, h da ah

T ay ICHL, a p h d pvdd Ax 1, plyd h db wa , aa huay, d ad h d lably ud Iaal Cal ad Hua-

aa Law.

T v h Nhlad, Swzlad, Gay ad h Ud Sa Aa aallyuppd h OSCE/ODIHR h pj.

I ubqu x, h h aza a d a Pj Pa.


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h b pa wh h d dd du h a. Ty db h x

ad a ply h b pa d y h dd h.

A Rah a hd by ODIHR ppad h Fal Rp bhal h aza

h pj pa.4 T p h ula h ad ul-a -

ah davu, whh ludd a Exp Wkhp T Hau Ob 2008,ld vw v jud,5 a I Rp ad a Ral Wkhp Saa-

jv May 2009, wh h I Rp ad play d w dudwh lal pa.

Gv ha h judal y ay jud aly bad ad plx a ah aal hlv h Rah a h u val dc uc pmd by d ac h juc ym. M p-

ally, h a dd h llw v aa ha w phvly xplddu h ah p:

KnowledgeandapplicationofICHLinthedomesticlegalcontext;

InvestigationsandAnalysis;

Prosecutions;

Defence;

TrialandAppellateAdjudication;

Outreach;and

VictimandWitnessSupport.

T h aa v paa a h x bu, ad, wv h du h h x.

Review and Analysis of Past Efforts

T aal ad lal lal uy h hav b avly vlvd kwld-a, capacy-buld ad pal-dvlpm acv v-

al ya. Whl a cmphv xama pcc, dvdual kwld-a

av byd h p h ah, aaly vald adly dabl wak- pa appah, pvd all ll l b lad. O uha uld wh a ply udak d a uually a pvd lak udad ICHL wa bd wh h bl ha xp uld yh h. A xp buy hdul ad h aal a a pj uu-

4 T Rah a d h ah, V Ull (a lad), Wlla Wly, ad LjljaaHlla (pla B Mjav).

5 T jud ha a h ubj h ah a Caa, Sba, Kv (all Kv Kv ud UNSC Rlu 12. T OSCE au ual ad hu d ak a a h u Kv dpdc.), Ba ad Hzva ad h m Yulav Rpublc

Mada.


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9

ally a ppaa wa u allw udy h lal lal x. Suhkwld-a v uually uld papa u a b, wh lluda hw ply h h xp pa wh dly h lal lal .

M huh d a, wh udak, xpd a aal ad hu-a ha, a lak w p ad upp uu, a lak u judal

u ad h dpdc, ad a h h ucual wak ha, al-

huh ay w p ICHL a, pad h p h a h cu. Ah wak aly capacy-buld wa h lack

a ya appah, upld wh a dy appah kwld a a a - v. Kwld-a au h ICHL aa dd akl a all ub p wh a p papa uually jud ad pu. N wa

ad by ay u, lal aal, v h au ICHL-ladapay buld. Slaly, h appad b ll (ad pd -u alla) ha pal dvlp h ld, lk pal ld,qu a ual upda kwld ad kll.

Ealy kwld-a ld au h plxy wa

a, ad h a ha h pu jud wkd a al wh ll up-p a. Alhuh ca lcc l a w plac lmd aa, vy w

a addd a-aa hqu, alad aa hqu,

h b pa ala h hadl h u quay vd yp-al plx wa a.

I h uah ld, ll ha b d kwld a. S w a hav uaha h du ha h lally wh a kwld. B pa-

x du uah l ( Ax ), bu vw kwld-a

uahd ly av a why uah pa, hw b ah .

W upp, h h had, a pl a lal pal b- aquad wh h b. Kwld a ha a uul ak d h paly huh h u udy v. Suh v ud paly a v-/w upp u h a wll a h ICY. Ta apa, ah vald

ll mal a pal dvlpm b pvdd vcm/w-up-

p a.

Needs Assessment by Topic

Crosscutting Needs

A all ub dd d u a all u l h ju y,

xapl b lal-ah aal. Wh a lal-laua aal x,hy a aly phv updad. Lal pal d h ly -


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a, whh ay b udad, h l h advay aual dpu.A d xapl a ap pd a h ICY. Culy, uh a-p x ahabl ah ly Elh ad Fh, hby hd a a walh ca-pcc ma pac lal pal wh d pak

h laua. Ilu padly dad h Rah a ha lal laua

ap ICY pd wuld b a dpabl kwld-a l.

Investigations and Analysis

I all h xad jud h w h l h uda h pbl b xpd du h va ICHL a: (1) a dabldivergenceofopinionexistsonkeyquestionsofsubstantivelaw;(2)onlyasmallminorityof

va, pu ad vav jud h ad jud hav ay xp-

va (ad pv) d lably h ha d ppa, ad (3) u apay x a ad aa h quly la qua aal lva a wh aal hav b alld.

F pu-ld va, pbl a a h vav pha wh h p-umd ppa clud p wh a blvd b vlvd dcly h

phyal ppa h udly a, a, wh ad pbly,v d h ply a u. T pa u du-ay vd da lka bw h udly al a ad d- awll a hh-lvl ppa appa b uly zd. T pau-laly h a wh vav a a d wh plx plal ad lay

uu. Md, pu-bad aalyal l uld a va h .Ty a uly avalabl, hwv, du laly h ak lal-laua

v avalabl, h xp a u, ad h d ual y a-ac. T Rach am al dcd a d al upda vav

hqu, .., h ld , ball ad DNA hly.

Prosecution

T wk by h ach am ha ud ha h pmay uc a dc-

pu h dda adqua h ha aa h h au h plx aal ad d lal pv. P-al dvlpal ppu huld a h ph, a wll a h yha pu b apabl aa vly h la qua dua-

, w ad h aal ha haaz ICHL a. T Rah aha ud ha pu h a xp dul ak advaa uly-avalabl ICHL u du laua ba, ply b awa

abu h x. A wh va, xpu l ah, aalyal ada-aa l, ad avalabl h lal laua ad pvdd pual wh u a h u, wuld b akdly bal.


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11

Deence

M d lawy h av h w ha hav pad a h ICY a

uala wh ICHL a ha b vd h d y. T dappaa

vav jud, bd wh h adal ha h al-p-du d h jud ud da, hav h plah u h ah xulpay vd up d ul a l whhhy a h pally pually wll quppd. D ul wuld b-

pal-dvlpal h vy la h ha h Rah ablv wuld a pu h jud ubj h udy, xapl, ad-dal xpu h a whh duay vd ud ablh hlka, h ca udm h lka, bw alld ppa ad ky

udly a. Addally, h R h u val lu ha a-

pay buld h ld a pla ad uy a p ICHLa wuld b wl, paulaly lh la a alady d p-u ad jud. Adqua upp h ba aa h dul udak h a ha b h.

rial and Appellate Adjudication

A ha b d abv, h va qua dua, w ad xp -p ha ICHL ca d a ca vwhlm jud, paculaly al jud,

wk whu adqua aa, uh ha apay-buld av a -plx a ad alad aa wuld b wl. A d aa , buh

h Rah a a by av pak h lal laua, h dy al ad applla jud b paqu, ha , h a ud h -quly abl lay. Jud-da hqu ha phaz lay aduu l a h hqu a pul h lva pdual law adpacc huld pv bcal. Fally, h jud vwd by h am quly

d ha hy wuld wl xpu h a whh ICHL appld lwh.

T al h xpu wuld b ala udad h yp ad qua vd ha hav pvd u ( u) h jud adjudaICHL-bad a.

Victim and Witness Support

T pl wh a vulabl w b xpd vau d-, lal hadhp, lak a, h dda adh h aly u h uhu. Wh h xp h palzd ha-b Blad ad Saajv (ad v h, h alad up u), jud

a h a ul add h d w ad v wh y ICHL a. T p h ab pp, ualzd up-


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p uu. Suh uu, add b uaabl, u b phvad pa h b, du ad a pha a v w a wh h

ju y.

Outreach6and Public Inormation

vay d, h u y h jud h Yulava d jy h d h u. T publ a ply d abu ( hw d ) h lva u ad h pd, paulaly ICHL-lad a, wh h lal pula. T a da ha pla hda ay xpl publ a puu aw bjv, alavly bla pa h ju y u ad h ada. I h vw h R-ah a ha uah h publ-la aw h haaza ICHL

pcd. Hwv, ll b mad av by m pcalzd NGO adIGO udak uah a ya a. T dul appa fw u a, lak (ddad) pl wh apppa kll, ad h d-y b al ad av a wh h publ.

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Knowledge ranser

Kwld a b a plx u, up ha ah vald b pa-

pa ulpl lvl. F pup lay, h p du h d w ba a: h al ad h p. B pa ha w a -al au, apply h ld apay buld a a whl kwld a

h aba, p h up. F xapl, h a ha lal pal -vlvd ICHL a a la au l-auh h p qu ICHLa ld h b pa ha, adl ay p kwld-a hd-ly, capacy-buld av huld allw ad acla h adal pc

l-dua. O u, p vw ad xp dbak a al p-al dvlp, lal pal a advd ly dpd udyxluvly. Oh xapl b pa ally applabl lud:

1. Kwld-a pa aully d wh h y a v- wuld b v add a dd d. A h a hlvl v, whh b h dvdual, h u h jud.A h ual ad judal lvl h a ublvl , xapl, h d v ly d a-wd. h -

v al ky, whh b du a dvdual lal dua ly aa pa ha a w ya xp. Slaly, h d v ub dd: I a dd d b addd huh llav ha, ad- a ulbk, a a a up, huh uqu v?

6 S h d uah pvdd Ax 1, ad h B Pa Ouah Ax , pa-

ulaly a p vay a h p, py ad av abuabl uah.


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13

2. Kwld-a v mu accu , ad b pcul , lcal lal

ad.7 Iv huld b ald b axally applabl, ad w -

vav appah huld b apad by u p ah aah vably h lal jud. T pally h a wh h plx -

ICHL ad d law d.

T w xapl kwld-a b pa applabl whu -ad ay paula hdly. u h al ay h p, h

d ay b pa p hqu ad d kwld-a pa lld xpd az pl pa h lal pal. Iludd h a adal kwld-a h-am uch a ma, udy v, hp, pl xcha ad pal

a. T pa, hwv, ly u b pa wh udak wh

a paa, .., by ply pa ha axz h pa. F xa-pl, a udy v a b pacc wh udak accdac wh h llw

ppl:

1. T paly, xp ad auhy h p a dd ky, ad hfocusisonshortpresentationsfollowedbyampletimefordiscussion;

2. Bh v ad h h a wll ppad adva udy v ad hav laly

dd bjv. By huhly ul h papa, h h ad h d aa xpa, h az a a d bh h a up ad

theobjectives;

3. T v pally ald h up ad h bjv, u ha h p-

a a lva ad ha h ada v h v wad ha bjv. Ttopicstobeaddressed;places,departmentsandpersonneltovisit;andtheformatof

, u ad b all qu adva da ad a. Suhtailoringistimeandlabourintensive;and

. A x a h d h v l valua ad dbak ad by h pa-

pa ad h, whh had wh h az.

A d, a pvd kwld-a a wa a pa pj al.

I h u h ah, h Rah a vd all ub u-, .., p ad hqu ha wh ald a paula hdly, aud

ua ala h a kwld a v ad u-w a-. Whl h p dd ba a lhy cd ucc (ad h ca

qualy a b pa), h a vhl ludd h h Rp h - b. T ad wll d h daly llw h b pa whh

hy apply.

llua h vav pa lld du h ah, h R-ach am dcbd, ca ac, pcc l ad mcham wh hy

h b plyd. Exapl h vl appah a b ud a h -

7 T p au h lal ad a pla wh aal lal .


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da, lad allu bx ay , wh h b pa ha hyluda. S h xapl a:

1. Peer-to-Peer Meetings: Cld llau (.., al jud), wh axal xp p ad a a a p ah ha du lad.

2. Victims Leg Ai Cinic: A lal lal-dua pa law hlwh ud p v paa pd.

3. Emeing, Mentoring n Eerts-in-Resience: La a xal xp

d a u a upa wh dvdual a ad apa-y buld ally.

. Deing it Vnere n rmtie Witnesses: A huh a

(w) a v/w-upp uu wh a a wh vulabl

w ad v.

T b pa ah l a h h udy, ad h abv xapl a lya p h d. I ay v, h pa a v ly wh pld,

ad pla ha h p u x.

Recommendations

T Fal Rp ula a pzd da dd addh uad d dd du h ah pha. T da pa l-va b pa wh dd d bu d ak au h aal, huaad aal pld udak uh , dp h a pa.

T pza wa dd la au h du h I R-p da a a Ral Wkhp hld Saajv May 2009. T hhpy da ha v w:

MakeAvailableTranscriptsfromICTYProceedings ha a ahabl, lallanguages;

CreateaSustainableWitnessSupportApparatuswh a uu apppa

toeachjurisdiction;

FosterElectronicResearchandImprovedAnalyticale-Toolswh hCaMax8 ad a u.

Increasetheanalyticalcapacityandtrainedsupportstaf jud, pu-

ad valud bh plal ad lay aalyal apay. SupporttheJudicialandProsecutorialTrainingAcademies h a

a d, ald, aly-updaabl, ICHL-p uula. CreateaLegal-ResearchToolofLocalJurisprudence h a wb-

bad,9 ahabl d ICHL-lad d h al, applla

ad up u.

S al pa ad 8

T u huld b al avalabl pdally CD-ROM, paulaly a wa bvd ha ayjud ad pu BH y-lvl jud d hav I a h .


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FINAL REPORT

I IA h Iaal Cal bual h Yulava (ICY) appah h d pl ay, ha h ual kwld ad xp dvlpddu u, ad ak avalabl lal pa lwh, b aly

pa. T h aza vlvd h udad h pav, bu k a wll

udad hw b du uh kwld a, paulaly lal pal

h Yulava ll a wa alad.10 T O Da

Iu ad Hua Rh h Oaza Suy ad C-pa Eup(OSCE/ODIHR),11 h ICY ad h Ud Na Ial C ad Ju Rah

Iu (UNICRI) uppd ubaally by h .M.C. A Iuu12 ad h

udy a h w ad h h wh davu h h a-pay lal y h Yulava pa a h d adaal al ad huaaa law (ICHL). I d hy k pv ak-dly h dlvy uu pal-dvlpm ad kwld-a pamm.

T Fal Rp h ula a ul-a ah pj ha ludd a Exp

Wkhp T Hau Ob 2008, v 90 ld vw v jud,13a I Rp, wh d ad da h ah pha w -pld, ad a Ral Wkhp Saajv May 2009, wh h I Rp wa

I uh x, h ay ICHL plyd a p h d pvdd Ax 1, db wa, aa huay, d ad h d lably ud Iaal Cal ad

Huaaa Law.

T O Da Iu ad Hua Rh (ODIHR) a u h OSCE bad Waaw. I uh x, h ay OSCE bh h OSCE ad ODIHR, ul pd.

T .M.C. A Iuu bud h dvlp h p ad d h pj ad

hd a Exp Wkhp T Hau lauh h pj ah pha.

T judc ha a h ubjc h ach a Caa, Sba, Kv, Ba ad Hz-

va ad h Yulav Rpubl Mada. All Kv Kv udUNSC Rlu 12. T OSCE au ual ad hu d ak a a h u Kvdpd.


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dud wh lal pa. T uu h Fal Rp llw h pjhdlal uda ha b wh a vw ad aaly pa apay-buld h ICHL aa a h . Ta vw llwd by a a

u kwld ad kll-lad d a h lal pal dal whICHL-lad a. F h u ad alu pvu apay-buld av,

h auh dl a ll b pa ad a pv u av.Fally, a cmmda cludd ha mach h dd d wh h

dd b pa, ld ad py.14

Juda aal ad p-f u quly u a vay ll, ay

whh wll ba a a d wa a. T Rah a vwd lva

lau ad ud h Exp Wkhp T Hau15 dy d p ha ap-pad padly b h a ICHL-lad apay buld ad kwld a:

eknowledgeandapplicationofICHLinthedomesticlegalcontext;16

InvestigationandAnalysis;

Prosecution;

Defence;

TrialandAppellateAdjudication;

Outreach;and

Victim/WitnessSupport17

A v valda a h Exp Wkhp, h v p ally ba hbakdp aa whh h hdly dbd blw wa appld.

A Research Staes Methodoloy18

T pj pa adpd a u-p ah p (R.A.I.D.) ha bda al xaa pa wh a u a h d lal p-al h . T w cmp av a b pacc, ..,

kwld-a chqu ad mhdl wh a uccul ack cd d-

4 A Rah a hd by ODIHR ppad bh h I ad Fal Rp bhal h pa

aza. T a d h ah, V Ull (a lad), Wlla Wly, ad Ljl-jaa Hlla (pla B Mjav).

5 T Exp Wkhp, hd by h .M. A Iu, k pla T Hau Ob 2008.

6 T p dd v paa a h Rp. Rah, h Rah a wv hdcu va, pcu, dc ad adjudca. T am wa h vw ha h

kwld ICHL, ad h ably apply , w al , bu paabl , h x ap.

7 Alhuh lly lad v/w upp, w p ludd h udy. I wa

h vw h pj a ha add h p w p adqualy qud a paa

ah av.

S ax 3 uh dal h hdly ad ah a h pj.


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17

lv h ubj a. T ah al ad val way pv xkwld-a pa, a wll a ub vav hdl. T lapa d aly ba a d u plud h b lablld

b pa bu h lu h p u a dbl pal ha

uu kwld-a udak. I add h ablhd b pa adh ud pv, h p lud a wd a da (S- V). S u d py, h da ah h b pa whh d dd du h a. Ty db h x ad a ply-

h b pa d y h dd h.

B Additional Bacround

A udaal p h udy ha u d x bw ICHL--lad ad wha a d a la , uh ha h palda apay-buld av. Y h ppv aly bv-u. Whl vw h Yulava, pj ah w quly ldby pa ha hy a wa a h a way hy a vy h .O u, wuld xp h pal day a by a au-

h wad dvdual upd vlv wa . T p ha, du h p, wa ad apa la way ha juy p- apay-buld appah, paula:

S:ICHLisnottypicallyapriorityintraditionallegaleducation;most

lal pal wll hav had a xpu p wk h a. S u h aal ap h ubav law ha a d-

ally applabl ahwad x, a D blw llua. C: N vy ICHL a aly plx, ad aly all la-

a ahwad by pa. Hwv, v h x, h law, h

p, h a, h quau vd, h y () -u-al ad a -pa, h d () w p ad upp, h lapd h udly a k pla, ad h a ha h aud a -quly h phyal ppa h udly a, uh a d b plad ha la al a. Paulaly plx h y -cu, a wll a cvly p ( dd aa), vdc lk h

udly a() d- ad hh-lvl ppa. P: By h au, wa a quly f

plal ad lay u, v -h la, v alla

v ju h ba. Plal lad ad h publ, udubdly whh hlp h da ad up, wll hav d p abu h


19/96


up ad dvdual ha hy blv hav ppad uh . T ala xpa, dd pu, dd wad h ju y.19

V: V ICHL-lad a al p pa h la . I add h avy h ha fd up h, hy wll -

quly hav b ad du h aaly, d l. O, hy wllhav b ad hav ud en masse. V ay up ha a hava fu v publ pp h v ju u.

A/S: Ulk la , alhuh xluvly , p u-pd ICHL-lad quly hld p pw, ypally plalad lay auhy. Sup uh a wll a hav a publ pl, a up-p ba ad a u h a, uh a h pl ad lay ,whh h b ud ud h x ju. Al, aud up -

jy aal ad llal lday bhd h.

T a, a pa , u appah apay buld haau h uqu haa h , h law ad h x. I al u hauul a h apay, paulaly wh kll bad, b h ju- y byd ICHL-lad , pvly a h a plxad v a.20

Ah u h a h udy. A pay u h buld h kll

lal pal wk wh aal . Bu a d ay pa- apay buld hlv (a ad az v, .) ha a uh

d wh h ah. I uh a lal pal qu ula upda h

kll, h wh pla, p, az ad dlv uh av qu d-za h hqu ad upad h hdly. T udy a uh abulal pa ad hw hy la a abu a ad az ad hw hydua.

T wll-dcumd maal ad huma-uc ha wh h pcual,

vav, w upp, uah ad adjuday uu h aladyd dul add pay , l al h ppad a dad l a. Bu, wh a abl xp, h da l ud h p h p ad h pj. H, h u paly up qu kll, kwl-d ad, paula, ubav law ad appla ICHL a.

A d, h u al ad plal pu a u h p, bu d h llua h al d bw a ypal ICHL ad a ypal la . I wh ha uh a al la h ky va bl uah av. Suul u-ah a da plza whl a d h juday.

Ca , xapl ak hua b h a azd , ba

haa la h wa . I llw ha apay buld ICHL a - apay buld h aa, ad v va.


20/96

II R A P E

A General Commentary

Wh wd-ah al, h aal ad lal lal u hav udaka ulud kwld-a, apay-buld ad pal-dvlp av- h ph ICHL v h pa dad. Y h a pp pvd pah pu h pj ha h ul h av a , ad ha uh y a daly la. Kwld a wa uul

aa ad p, bu l h. Radl h u, dbak

v by papa qua wa uually pv, bu, h a ha uh valua- w ally dud daly up pl h v a hy wll-ud h da la pa. Gu a whh a v

a hdly a paula appah kwld a aually ahvd la bjv, abl h papa aually apply h kwld hy vd,

u aly ak bh a l ad dp vw. Ad whl a phv xaa- p, dvdual kwld-a v byd h p h ah,h aaly ha llw d bh pv ad av apc h vau ap-

pah appld h .

B Analysis

Te Constituent Elements o the Justice System21

Aaly udak wh h b hdh vald a ub adly dablwak aly apay-buld pvdd lal pal. A qu

duly uld wh a ply udak d a uually a pvd lak udad ICHL wa bd wh h bl ha xp uld yh h. Gv h xp udadably buy hdul ad a pj aala, ppaa aly allwd u udy h lal lal x. I

uh a , h xp uld d ll bu p h ICHL h-

Jud, pu, d ul ad va/aaly.


21/96


wh h ba h dvlp jupud a aal bual. T u h ICY h lad had ad a walh pll jupud aa uh a ad pbly ad vau al lably, ludj al p. T w lal p ha had b aulad hd lal d, a la h a ha h ICY wa ply h. yp-ally, a uh v, a d lal xp wuld llw h xp ad dbh ICHL-bad pv ha een pad h d d a h

h alld . Wh ad jupud, pa w ally ld ha,whl dvlp a h ICY ad lwh w , h d lal dd a jupudc ad, ay v, h dmc cmal cd

a h ad h ly applabl law. Suh a v uld pa-

pa u a b, wh ll uda hw ply h h xp pa wh dly h lal lal .

Claly all ICHL-lad a h aly day ud h abv dhcm, y lcu padly dcbd ac h Rach am

wh maal pd a a v culd b ccld wh h lcal lal

awk.22 I wa ul h d ba b dd ha h haa apa-

y-buld v vlvd a wad publ pal dba hu ICHL, whh h a ha h ICY ad h bual w ply wa applabl ad, paulaly, whh h plad h lably uldb appld dally.

A d h apay buld a wh h udad ha h pbl a

d lal pal w uh la ad plx ha pl uala-y wh ICHL. M huh d a xpd a aal ad huaha, lak w p ad upp uu, dubu lal ulual ,a lak u judal u ad h dpd, ad a h h uualwak ha, alhuh all p ICHL a, pad h p ha h u.23 T x whh ay h laua, h u al,wuld ul uapabl judal u wa daly la, bu h l apay buld wa ha h d lal pal w plx, d

wh h d h ju y vall, ad pd h lal lal ulu.

A h lu h ICY wa dd ad a ba u h , hUd Na Scuy Cucl xply calld h aal cmmuy

h uh h apa h lal jud. Alhuh ay avw alady udway, h ICY pdd by bl pamm dd -

ha pal ad pal a bw pa ad h h .

T Rah a wa ld ha h a ak wa pad la wh xp h Cu BH

pvdd a aal lvl b h juday, wh a apply a d d.

Caly, h w h pbl d juda a wll. A d, h -da, h pa, l ud h p h p, bu h auh a wll awa ha hx al pad apay buld vay d.


22/96

21

Ihp pa, xapl, ad u aly b yu lalpal h h bual val h paal, uually b-al wk xp. T ICY Ouah ba ala udy v THau wh, a d dal blw, pal a fuhd a dl hapvdd lal pa h h u h bual. Fllwhp adjb-hadw v bud h xha ad, by a au, aly1,000 ppl hav pad huh h u ah.24

Alhuh dcul a pccally, h pal cac ad pal la-

hp ha dvlpd v h ya bw ICY pal ad h upa h laly vd a ub kwld- ad apay-buld d. Adal x-

ha buh h a h Rah a ludd laa lal p,

la du lal ah h aal lvl, aa ak dw v-

day aal, adv pual ay, ad xha a d, a bu a w. I wa la h a ha bh pa d b xpu h h ppv ad xp. Ad uh a w ld h bw h ICY ad pal h . A la bw h apvd hlpd pa by plal av ad a al -pa

wa a25 xha pal xp a h al lvl adly -ad. Sval lu pd up h Rah a h u d , ad

ubaal b , uh al a ala a, b paad, ly, vd-ha.26

Ah wak aly apay-buld wa h lak a ya appah,

upld wh a dy appah kwld a a a - v. A ha wh d-dv apay buld, ud yl dad h p a ah ad hdly a uh a aual d qualy pdaal appah.Kwld-a au h ICHL aa laly fd h dya by akla all ub p wh a p papa uually jud ad pu.

D wa dadd ly, ad va w pvdd wh ll ICHL-

4 Ivw wh ICY al Fbuay 2009, l wh h auh.

5 T a ak h aa wa h -alld Pal P a wh l-

va judal ad plal auh h judal -pa wa pd,

ad by h OSCE 200. T hlpd a pv al -p-a ha uld a ub blaal a a ad vd ha a hpu h , (.. Fbuay 200, Madu A Ralza ad P- C-pa Fh All F Gav C, bw h Sba ad h CaaProsecutorsOces;April2005,MemorandumonCo-operationbetweentheBiHandtheSerbianProse -cutorsOces;2005and2006,aseriesofmemorandaofco-operationinprosecutingwarcrimes,crimes

aa huay ad d, bw Caa, Sba ad M).

6 Examplesofcross-bordercontactsincludeSerbiancourtguardsvisitingcounterpartsinBiH;theBar

Aa h Yulav Rpubl Mada v OKO, ad h Blad Wa CChab ad h My Ju az a Blad jud h , lud- w h ICY. Suh v hav al b bal h w-upp aa, wh a h wly ad u Caa ad Sba vd h upa h Cu BH.


23/96


p l a. N wa ad by ay u lal aal

v h a ICHL-lad apay buld lal pal wh p

xp wh ICHL. Slaly lak wa a awa ha pal dvlp

h ld (wh a pd u alla) qu a a upda kwl-d ad kll.

I a h wh apay buld d ul, du h h haud h ul h h, h a up apay buld dul dy. Mv, wll-kw hh-pl d ul alld up by hh-pl aud, appa lua papa v a a. Sll, ulk jud adpu h , a a ub d lawy aually vd -h-jb a by wk dd l h ICY. S h wuld havvd a udaal a u w ul azd by h O Lal

Ad ad D Ma (OLAD) ad/ h Aca Dc Cul (ADC-ICY).27

M ly, wak p hav b ud alhuh allvad al-

h wh h judal ad pual a aad,28 a wll awh u lal dua (CLE) qu w jud.T aad al l alz h pal dvlp jud ad p-

u ha b a wl v away ad h, puly d-dv a. Tyb lal whp h dua p wh lal ubj a xp. Tvlv uh u ICHL kwld a, hwv, a paaa yzd kwld a h ICHL aa. O h had, h aad pvd

a alzd, lally adad u wh pbly lal dua ha -lud ICHL. O h h, hwv, h phv ada a ICHL au ak pla a h p.29 Capay buld ICHL qu a laydp, wh ah xaa h ubav law buld up h pvu , ad u a a bad a a uh a v- ad w-upp pl, -

va, d ul ad uah pal wh a ud uh aaady puvw.

Addal l ad aly kwld-a a ha hy -ld au h plxy wa a, ad ha h pu jud wkd ca al wh ll upp a. Alhuh ca lcc

l a w plac lmd aa, vy w a paculaly ccd

add ca-maam chqu, calad-maam chqu h

7 N ha h h a av ll pa.

Tuhu h , jud ad pu a quly ad h, u.

Aad u ly pvd phv va a h wd a a p, bual a all judal ad pual papa. T Rah a awa pa a wh,

xapl, p dal wh wa hav papad wa a wh ld -

bu d v h qud d, whl pa vlvd ICHL a wh wuldhav bd hav papad.


24/96

23

b pa ala h hadl h u quay vd ypal -

plx wa a.30

Ealy kwld a wuld al hav bd m clud paccal

a maal, uch a mpla, hadbk ad m ha culd b mplyd by

h papa up h u h . T pdu aual, ud, bhbk ad la lau pla h , ad wha avalabl uually ala x bad aal pa aa wh ll u applably h p lal x aal juda.31 I lh h d-

vlp al wa xp, aal h yp dvlpd day uld ly b bad lal pa, bu uld b a la up pa- -wd.32

Outreach

Ouah ad publ-a pal w ly aly h a aly apa-y-buld av h ICHL ph. T wa du paly h lak pl,paulaly palzd pl, udak uah, a wll a h lw py v h . M ly, hwv, Ba ad Hzva (BH) ad Sba hav b- h xp. I Sba, xapl, akl h lak ph h laluy abu h valu uah, OSCE ad h Yuh Iav Hua Rh(YIHR) pd a ma ha ahd judcal u m Caa, BH ad

Sba, a wll a pav h ICY ad h Spal Cu Sa L, a pa-

ll. T OSCE al pd uu publa, dua ad publ-p

uvy,33 a ub publ pal ad a paulaly uul uah v.T Wa C Pu O Blad ad h OSCE M Sba aadudy v Sba jual h ICY 200, ad h judal u BH ad Caa. Whl h la pa h p dul a, wa la h Rah a ha h la whh d ICHL a a bpd Sba pv wha. Whl uabl a fu h -al aph, h pv h u b dd a abuabl h ad

h uah .

Alhuh h u h p, a la w v wh al aa a a p w ludda pa a v u jud da a h Wa C Chab h Cu BH.

A abl xcp h Ekpk vd kz Hak bual/Exp ud huh h ICY. T

publa pvdd Sba lal pal a ud ICY jupud, adapd lal lal -ly ad h lal lal awk.

Apa h OKO Rp ad ad h p aza p u, lal vw x

v aal jupud wh a u wa . Pa u ly h w av

ad u ah, ba, ad ad aaly d ud by h u.

Exapl lud: Ha dju aa (T Hau A U), Ob 200 -pa wh hHumanitarianLawCenter;APerceptionStudyofJusticeOperatorsinSerbiainco-operationwiththe

Solidaridad-ImpunityWatch(theSerbianbranchoftheNetherlands-basedinternationalNGO);Public

p ah h al publ aud wad h ICY (200, 200, 200 ad 2009) -pa wh h NGO Blad C Hua Rh.


25/96


Victim/Witness Support

Capacy-buld a vcm/w-upp vc ba ly cly,

a wh h a alzd upp uu. I 200, v/w-upp v ba bh Sba ad BH h palzd hab h BladD ad h Cu BH, pvly. A ICY v/w-v - buh wh h h bual ual xp, hu play a pa l h aly a h V-Supp U h Cu BH. I Sba, h OSCE a-zd a vau w-lad h b h juday, u uad,d ay ad u a upp h p h uy v/w-upp u. I Caa, ad w-upp v w pvdd h 200. S h, upp pa hav b uuly xdd bu a ll

avalabl a phv all u, lud w h palzd Wa

C Cu (Rjka, Spl).34

Kwld-a ha h v/w-upp aa a uu, bu

h la p udy v. T OSCE ad h Ud Sa Ebay (paaly)

azd uh v Sba v/w-upp h ICY ad h Cu

BH. F h pa, ICY al vd h upp uu h , pvdpaal, -had adv h bual ppv. Papa h v ud

hm uul, wh may cd hm a h ad m ca ly mal

a hy vd h w p. Slaly, Caa v/w-uppa vd bh Sba ad h Cu BH w-upp u 200, aa pa- h ppuy abb b pa xpd . Whl la

ha h ld w upp qu a lvl palzd kwld, ad aal a h ICY h d v/w-upp pa h d lak kwld, ly lak u.35

Capay-buld h ld w ld a wk v/w-upp u. S -auaza vulabl v/w vau u

h ppd a a jud, pu ad a w ha lud-d d ul, uh a Sba ad Kv36 200, a a awaa h lal pal, wh a uh w. Tuhu 2008, h OSCEM BH azd a bw jud, pu, vl y -aza ad b h p a h lal lvl, dd pvk dba hulau u a auazd w ad v h ICHL x.

Alhuh mal upp ucu x Skpj cu, a OSCE/OPDA/ICY

a h plad w-upp ad w-p hh hada, wh lal pal d h p bh a ad udy v h bual ad h Cu BH.

4 T OSCE O Zab ba a pj p h x h v July, 2009.

5 Ivw wh ICY al, 13 Ob 2008, l wh h auh.

6 All Kv Kv ud UNSC Rlu 12.


26/96

25

Suh za av hav ad awa a lal pal, h daad h publ. Sll, h a ad ad -wd h v/w-upp

aa a ly h p a l p ad a ahv h lvl upp app-

pa h u a whh h v/w a xpd y.


27/96

III N A


T xa h dd d h vav, pual, d, ju-dal, v/w upp ad uah l h ju y h vau

jud ha a h ubj h udy. I wh h ha a all ub

dd d u a all u l h y. F xapl, du h

laua ba , ply huh a h x, ay lal p-

al d a h zabl quay lva ICHL u aal.

A a p ap ICY pd, whh a a walh uul -a h lal pal, ably lud h pa

w. Culy, h ap x ly h bual al laua Elhad Fh abl h ICY wb ahabl a. Aud d x all h lva laua, bu hy a ahabl h way ap a. Fu-h, p h aud d hav b pdud aually a h ICY ada ly b pvdd up qu. T lal pal hav padly pha-zd h b b ad ICY ap b avalabl h w laua.T p uh uppd by h la ub qu vd by h bual pvd Ba/Caa/Sba (BCS) aud d w y h ab- BCS ap. ap h aud py ha b abldu u a, h ajy uh aal a uavalabl hpa h wh d pak Elh Fh. C h laluc, ca lcal-laua maal x bu, wh a xcp, hy a -

quly phv updad. Addal xpu l ah, aalyalad a-azaal l h lal laua, apad by u a h u, wuld b aly bal.


28/96

27

B Constituent Elements of the Justice System

Investigations and Analysis37

I h jud xad by h Rah a, h pbl b xpd du

h va ICHL-lad a hld: (1) dabl dv px all h jud (xp Sba ad, phap, h Yulav Rpubl

Macedonia)onkeyquestionsofsubstantivelaw; 38 (2) ly a all y va,pu ad vav jud h ad jud hav xp va(ad pv) d lably h ha d ppa ad a a-pliceliability;and(3)oftentimesinsucientcapacityexiststoaccessandmanagethelarge

qua ad p au ICHL-lad vd.

Wh a xcp, h lal pal wh whm h Rach am pk x-pd h vw ha h pl h pv jud w pallyll-quppd upp h va plx uh a wa .39 Pl -

va w ad hav ll udad h lva ubav law ad qum, ad h pjc lcu quly clamd ha h plc w

wa v ba vav kll uh a vw auazd ad vulablw, a h.40

A uh pal qu ad b lak wa p xp va

ld a, wh h alld k pla ha a dad b h vaad h al vd ha dpad. I h vw h lu, h ad h-

pal d w lad pu da d h ba quabl vd, v , u, pbl du al, wh w a- al y. I add, a, pl a appad (ad al

jud) hlv b aly pl h alld by h pu.41

7 T vau jud, a d lwh h p, a h d v h al -vav pdu. T l vav jud, pu ad pl va alady vayaly.

F a du h a whh ICHL b pld ah h jud ud d-

u, Ax .

T Rah dd v al a h lva pl al alhuh a vav jud ad pu wa bad whu duly. T a a ap hwv-

er;suchoccurrencesmayhavehadanynumberofcauses,includingtimeconstraints.eremarksinthis

a bad laly up h a d h Rah a by h a h juy, paly d ul, pu ad jud.

4 T vw wa uppd by a la wly hd plc va, wh ad ha h ad h

llau wuld b aly a l ICHL , a wll a hw ak a-

v upp h qud l. T al uh la hw appahvulabl w ad a h u.

4 T Rah a ha bvd ha, v a h pl v p BH, h hav b -a v pl b dd wa .


29/96


u h vav apay h pu ad ( h jud wh hyll x) vav jud, a ub h pl hld h p lalyhad a ap h udaal a uul va ICHL-bad . A

a al ul, pu ad vav jud dplayd h d habl wh h qu a va ICHL-lad vlappdwh h xp ha mu b dmad h va dmc cm

a -aal au, .., la . F a, h hav b a ub a dal wh by Caa auh wh ud, a a wa , ha b alld hav ak pla ad aud Vukva 1991 ad 1992. A a a h Rah a hab abl d, h lva Caa pu ad vav jud hav ap-pahd h alla a pal ba, a hy wuld wh la ud, ..,a hy w dal wh mulpl kll wh xu a a amd cfc.

Alhuh v d ppa w ud, vd la h pp-

a d up wa d llwd up uly.

Sval pu ad vav jud wh wh h Rah a udd

h pa duay vd ad pauly by h up adh aza whh h up wa a pa a h h h alld

. Bu -wd, va dd ly al xluvly w-badvd ak h a, d vulabl hua . T paal ad -cpual ably pu h pc dcumay vdc cmbd wh w

vd buld a plx a aa a d-lvl ppa a wa huh bwa.

Lal pal w quk add ha h va wuld aly b ddad aalyal pl, paulaly plal ad lay uu, h

ha appad x ay h jud ha w h ubj h udy. 42Al, d, pu-bad aalyal l, uh a Aaly Nbk, hav b u-ully ulzd aal bual ad aalyal apay ad ay pvd d aa va a h laua ad hal balw b v. T h u h aalyal apayhuld b vwd a a py h lal uy.

Prosecutions

T pu vwd by h Rah a lad vy a ha h -c dd p uc huma ad maal uc dal wh h cu

alad, l al ay la fux w ICHL-lad a (a ay b h a BH).Ad, whl h ada h Rah a all a xaa d dvdual hua apay, quaav hua ad aal hall, h a -

4 I huld, hwv, b d ha, a la Sba, ddcad mlay ad plcal aaly w

dd ay wh ad xp uld b ad avalabl a xp-w ba du v-a ad al.


30/96

29

hl ha x aal ad a ha wll hav b addd al-d ad a bl h apa x lal pal.

Wh h -vav acv pcu a ccd, h Rach am

bvd h d apay buld a aa. T appa b a a-

h-bad ab uabl a-aa l.43 A a a h a ha b abl d, h d h wh pu uay hqu h lva law, a wll a pu ld xp dalwh cmplx ICHL ca. T pblm a, u, xacbad ld ad cld ca-

ypal h h wh w au ad h paa fuh l vd by pu ad vav jud.

A d aa h Rah a bvd ha wuld b -pav kwld-

a av pcu h da ICHL-bad dcm wh hlal pdual awk. T pay u a d pu h dd-a adqua h ha aa h h allw a pp d au h plx aal ad d lal pv. F xa-

pl, ha b d ha pa Sba ally a h p h law, bu

h dd appa h Rah a b ay u h qu hw a v-

d lably huld b bk dw u pa. T ald h -alld Sp a44 ha ay pv au. F a, A-l 12(1) h 19 Sal Fdal Rpubl Yulava Pal Cd lkd xplly

h pv aal law ad, paula, Al 3 h 199 G-

va Cv. Addally, h d lably lva ah h v p

aud a l laly h h d.45 Nh h alld h d lably u ay way a dpau h ly apdpa Sba lal l h lva pv h 19 d. Nh-l, h d qu wh p a la da huh h plad p aal a wha h pu d b h lal qu l h alld h d a a d l ably. Whl ap-

pa ha h Sp d l wh Sba pdual law u luda pl a all alld a, h Rah a bv ha h alld

a hlv ha pu a dda . Rah, pp lud a da-

4 T Rah a ud ha, whl alad-aa l w avalabl al h Bl-ad D Cu a wll a h Zab Cuy Cu, a-aa l w h pawh b ud. A a-aa l (.., h Ca Max) avalabl ul ad jud ah Cu BH, alhuh h a dd d ha h a la a-aa l wa avala-bl pu, d ul ad jud pa lwh. Wh h Ca Max d,

a BCS v wll b avalabl lal pal h a pa Nv-b 2009. Pual (ad hab) wuld b xp adv h aay palaa l, h ualy, h ad h pably wh x l.

44 Rpubl Sba, Wa C Pu O, Ca N. KRZ-. 3/0, dad 10 July 200.

45 Fu h aud a alld hav b p du h ppa h udly a (h a, h kll a ub p). A h aud alld hav dd h kll.


31/96


ha h a pa ay h ay qu, .., h l hau h alld .

Deence

Dp h -d d ul h lau, h Rah a hab l wh a wha pv p. T u ha h dul vwd dd hhlh h xp uabl dul h x-

u h du. T pa vwd by h a w h vw ha, av

h w wh had appad T Hau, lawy h w uala wh

ICHL a ha b vd h d y. T ua wa pudd, h vw, by h a ha al jud, wh h xp h palzdu, al had ld alay wh ICHL. Cquly, v d ul w

a h bh by ak a al h a whh la law appld jud ad aal bual, h wuld b wlad h b ud. T appa ll v a h d ul

alaz hlv wh aal pax. Hwv, lu wh x-v ICY xp ud ha a lw ad aul j jupud d au wuld, v , ba u.

Wh d pa d, h Rah a awa ha, wh h x-p h Cu BH, d ul a qud ud p a p p xp d p p aud wa . T ba aa a b av h . I Caa la 2008,

xapl, h Caa Ba Aa, h wh h My Ju, plda l ay wll b appd by u a ul wa a. Lday h had xp wll b ad. Bu pv dd u ha ICHL uda a pla h lawy ap uh a. I hx, h Rah a h apd dappaa vav jud h

judc b xamd h udy. I pacula, h dappaac va-

v jud, bd wh h adal ha al-pdu d h jud ud da, hav h pla h u h ah xulpay vd up d ul a l whh hy a h

pally pually wll quppd.46 I add, h u uu -pa h pa d l, wh ul pad a a faa ub ad appaa bu ppaa , d ll uadl, a paula h plx au ICHL-lad .

T a hld u h d du al ad applla pd. Cul wuldb pal-dvlp h vy la h pu. T

uld lud, xapl, addal xpu h u duay vd -ablh h a ud h lka bw alld ppa ad ky

46 Ad BH a la, al lally ll-quppd. T d d dw d ul wh a au ha

d-ld, dpd va.


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31

udly a. T Rah a al d h u by val lu haapay buld d ul h ld a pla ad uy a- ICHL a wuld b wl, paulaly lh la a alady p-

vdd pu ad jud.

rial and Appellate Adjudication

T Rach am m wh a umb al ad applla jud, clud Supm

Cu ju, ah h jud ubj h udy. T u vw hlu wa ha jud h vw jud wuld b pal-adva av h ICHL ld, paula a daldxaa h lahp h lal ubav law aal al law ad

pa. T jud wh wh h a pk dad ha hy wuld ak pal -

ay xaa h a whh jud ( paula h h ICY) h vday qu a v l d lably. Ad, h aal aal a law a b ud al ad applla

jud, a dvlp bh wl ad b uad. Hwv, h pauy uh ad h ld p llua h d pv.47

T Rah a vd ubaal lu paulaly lay,

bu xluvly h ably h lal a h jud

dd a h . S judal lu ud ha jud da-d phad aa ad lal a a ad h , ad a allyula layp. Hwv, hy al akwldd ha llau ak u-

aaly ad p lal a wh paqu laua. T a ad wduly phd h a a vd ad, alhuh wa u-la wha l ala h hav playd. I ay v, la, ad abl

vd lh whad a a dpabl abu h ul law. ICYjud a kw ally h la uu ad adably, ad pv a da ha kwld a h ICY ay p lal ju-d adp a da hd.

Ah aa wh al jud h , paula, h b ICHL-la-d apay-buld av h aa plx a. A ha b d,h va qua aal, xhb, w ad xp p ICHL a ah k vwhl jud wk whu adqua aa. B abl akadvaa ad hav ud a h u h l l avalabl uh pup wuld pvd b a h pp aza vd a uu h al vd. I a wh a bakl ah vy hhub, ad paulaly BH, wh h vlu ICHL a ly a,

47 A upl xapl avalabl Elh ha h upp h a lud h Sup Cu theRepublikaSrpska,AppellateJudgementinthecaseofDragojeRadanovi,dated22March2007;and

Caal Cu Nv avk, al Jud h a Ma Ml, dad 29 Mah 200.


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alad aa a aly pa kll, h dvlp whh wuldlaly b uh b pa ad/ l l.48

Victim/Witness Support

Pcu padly cd w lucac y a h ky chall h

wk. I h cu ach, h Rach am lad ac wh au-

azd w w plld y ulpl al a hav v ulplp-al a,49 wh w vlla k h a publ ap a -

al a h dda aly, ad wh upp a dda d daly bhda w du h y a a vlv ap.5051

I jud, C Sal Wk a pbl pvd -da-

upp vulabl w. Hwv, lu dbd h a hav h azaal uu, p a hua ad aal u h pbl. I a pl u Caa, h Wa C Chab Blad ad h Cu BH, w-upp uu x. Eh al wh a-a vlu NGO, uh a h Huaaa Law C Blad, h

uu a pvd aa w ad v wh b h u.T u a u la lav h alad.

I la ha h a d uaabl upp ha w y

warcrimescases;indeed,itistheprimaryneedacrosstheregioninthiseld.Itisalsoclear

ha z d all, paulaly d h a ha ually hud

v/w-upp pa llw h ubj a jud h u whh hy a aahd.52 I h y u BH, al w-upp vx, alhuh uh v hav b ak up pla by d NGO. I Skpj,

4 h l dad b alad aa, h add aa aau apppaly, u h ppaa h pa ha, b awa h la

a ad aa wh jd apppa, whh lquh jud ah u,

ad h lk. Whl h p a ICHL p, h uqu x wa a h Yulava a hy a lavly p v--v la .

4 Whl h xapl l luav a d w upp, a h pdualpbl adbly vd ah v h a jud.

5 T Rah a ha h d dd u h Cu BH h Wa C Cha-

b Blad.

5 T Rah a awa ha h a f al up a ju y ably p w-, ly pvd h pyhlal, lal ad la upp. Hwv, w p

ak up h p, pa bau h badh ad dph ha wuld b qud add hp pply qu a p .

5 I Caa, xapl, alhuh ally ad xluvly upp w wa a, llav ha badd h p h (pl) W Supp Pa w all , adl haa. Cvly, h Cu BH ad h Blad Wa C Cha-b, wh h w-upp appaau xd all w, h vd wll aly yxluvly ICHL ( azd ) a.


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azd v, v pvdd by vlu NGO, ava labl w- ICHL a hw. I Kv a w-upp uu ad by h OSCE

2002 uly plyd ICHL a.

Whhv dl w upp ld, u ly b uaabl, bu alphv, pa h b, du ad a pha a w a- wh h judal y. Cu pa, lud ha h ICY, ud a a l d pvd upp w p ad du h -my. Hwv, a y a ca lca ad h upp d

avalabl ( h p-y llw-up all, v w al NGO h lal u) ld. F pa, h ICY ha dd h d

ya llw-up uh ha h upp.53 F h x u-u, w llw-up a a apa ha a pa.

Ilu a h al d ap p w upp. W uppp y appad ld h au d up a v/w a-val a h uhu y. Iad, huld b wh h al a wh h

v/w du h va a ad u huhu. ap ad h uhu du al vw ad du h al wa ld u a pa-ulaly pbla.54 S w w ad v kw why hy w balld y, a a xplad h Rah a a du h h lh ha had pad al a h a ha p ay b hav b u-

d whu p a wh h ju y. Su pvd ll aabu h a l ad h abu upp v pally avalabl w.

h x ha h ap a h ul u da uh a ha a, vhl ad ul, hy l byd h p h pj. Hwv, whyha, wh akdba lal ad aal bud, a a ub w wll

h abad h , pally wh hy a pyhlally vulabl.

Outreach55 and Public Inormation

vay d, h u y jud h Yulava d jy

h d h u. Pll lk h dud by h OSCE M BH 2008 h Spllv M Skpj 200 da ha ava z havll ah h ably h u dlv a a ad ju ul paulaly wh -

5 A Fbuay 2009, h ICY pld Fllw-up Ply w ha a: () uh wll-b w up h u h, by a h ua ad ak a -d z ay av pa h y b h ICY, ad pvd hwitnesseswithasenseofclosure;and(ii)tolocateresourceswithinandoutsidetheInternationalTribu -al add h d w ad a a upp wk.

54 Ad lu, w a ally bud h a bu a k h h h y wh h u lad. Hw hy avl h h h bu/a, ad h a h u, a h w xp.

55 T ad dd vw h d uah pvdd Ax 1, paulaly a pvay a h p, py ad av abuabl uah.


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ad wa .56 T ua uh h a lwh h .57 I l-l up ha u la bhd h v, h llau ad v plal pawh publ d.58 T pbl ICHL a pd uh aaph d p h. T addal pbl aal h ad a ayu ha wuld pu al u j h p ba h publ

vw h au h u..

O p h ph uah, ad a uah-lad dvald w vach hm. Wh h lkly xcp Sba, h appad

b ll udad h pa h pac a 1) wha uach

exactly;and2)why itisimportant.Onlya few judicialbodiesareengaged inactivities

pply chaaczd a uach, a fc h lw py add a -

uc-cad judcal ym, cmbd wh dam abu wh, ay,

huld udak uah av. Ev lu appa udad h b- uah lad h ably d , ld u.

Ru a a laly bla, pa, h d a uah.Fw u hav u a u x d, ad a lak udad- h mpac uach lad apppa uc allca. T publc

u b ply d d abu h uu h u adh pd, paulaly ICHL-lad a, wh h lal pula. Pl-a ad da hav b kw p ad xpl h ap, alavly bla pa h u h ju y ad h pv ada.

Wh h abv d, h Rah a dd appa a a udad wh- u bd h d pv ua wh h publ ad ha v

p ha d hav b ad. May, u, xapl, w p-a wb, whh h publ a a hdul, a pl, ul, jud adla a h publ da. Cu pkp ( jud) appa hda bh h w av ad a v.59 Jual ad h publa ally allwd v uhu ad ad ha ly alhuh a qu p adva p aa.60 T a papubl-a au ha dub v h pup, bu hy a uah.

56 Upublhd publ p ah ad u OSCE M BH, July 2008.

57 E.., Kv, OMK: Bakud Rp: Hua Rh, Eh Rla ad Day Kv,

Su 200 Su 2008, p 3-. S al UNDP: Ealy Wa Rp: Kv, Jauay-Ju2008, avalabl a , p 1 ad .

5 Publ Op Suvy P h Rul Law Publ Ia Capa, Ky Fd, OSCE M-

Skpj. Suvy dud by Sa Mak ad Mda, 200.

5 Spkp h pu v a l quly vbl, wh hy x, aa wh h x-p Sba.

6 T ad huld ha adal cum h a vy mall, la ha

a . Spa la a h xplaa v xlud l h p hpubl.


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35

Ouah p-av, k ppu a h pl h u ad buldcdc ual capac, cmpc ad dc. A ca

a uah av qud v h wak publ pp h - ICHL-lad judal p.


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IV B P & L L


T pcd w c u h uaddd pal qum h

ad wh ICHL-lad a h u, a wll a a al a udak da akl h d. T buld up ha ah byapula wha h pvu dad kwld-a ad apay-buld xp- h ha b pa ad l lad. T

d h llv xp h xp, a, az, pa, b-

v ad ada vlvd apay buld h ad b bh h

wll-kw ad h vav lh.

A d pvuly, h Rah a dd b pa ICHL kwld a- pa a ulpl lvl.61 F lay, h auh hav dud h pu wpay a. T bad lvl lud pa applabl kwld a al, whu ad ay paula hdly, hqu v. F x-

apl, a dd b pa a h bad lvl u -da ammb h d cmmuy ( blw) wh p ICHL-lad a

v. T ad h h ally applabl b pa a h S B blw.

T cd lvl b pacc c pcc mhdl chqu, uch

a a, l l udy v. T a paal, v a vhl kwld a. A wll b , hwv, h hd a ly b pa whudak wh a paa wh llw x- ad pa-p p

ad hqu.62 S C, blw, a a dp u uh pa, llwddaly by h addal p ad hqu ha ak h v. Whah ad u a hw v h b pa h b pvd, a d-

u uh ha llw ha.

6 S h d B Pa h ly Ax (1).

6 T h lud, xapl, u ha ala a uly hh qualy ad pvdd

adva a v, ha papa a ld ad apa a.


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37

B Best Practices Generally Applicable to Knowlede Transfer

T pa blw apply apay buld ad kwld a qu apa aypaula l hdly h. Ty dv paly h xp x-p, az ad d pa a h ply lvl. Whl h al au a

h wll appa bvu, paulaly h wh hav b vlvd apay-

buld , al a hy a ll-ud pza. T,h b pa blw a u paula d.

Knowledge-transfereortsaremostsuccessfulwhenthedomesticstakeholdersown

h p. Lal whp h p ala whp h ul ad

avd h pp p by a. MaximizingthespillovereectofICHL-relatedcapacity-buildingactivitiestoother

aa, .., h azd , ad v va, pv h y uu. Slaly, d h y ad papa v h wh kwld-a v pl lal ad u-al .

MostlegalprofessionalsinvolvedinICHLcasesare,toalargemeasure,self-taught.Best

apay-buld pa allw ad ala h p l-dua. Tanoted,self-educationundertakeninisolationisinsucient;feedbackfromexpertsand

p a pa p pal dvlp. Inpost-conictandtransitional-justicesocieties,knowledge-transferactivitiesareof-

ad hc, d dv ad c-dad. Vay mada, ud cycl,

jud, ada, plal , udad, paly f ad

a h addal vaabl quly p ud -da .A -dav bdy, ld a uh a pbl by ky d d ak, val uul kwld a.

Maintainingdiversity(gender,national,ethnic,etc.)inallaspectsofknowledgetrans- pla pla, ad papa a a wh

bjvy ad luvy. Qualityneedsassessmentisthesine qua non all kwld a. Ul h

d pply dd, av ad a add h d wll b va. Ia plx y uh a al ju, ad a plx aa uh a ICHL, aua

assessmentsarenoteasilyproduced.Qualityassessmentscollectinputfromasmany

lva u a abl, lud h pal p. Bestknowledge-transferpractitionerscarefullyconsiderwhereinthesystemaninter-

v wuld b v add a dd d. A h a h lvl v, .., h dvdual, h u h jud. Whh la w h a ublvl, a h judal lvl h hbw v ly d a-wd. T h v

al ky, whh b du a pa lal dua ly a h h haa w ya xp. Al val h d v: I a dd db addd huh llav ha, h ad a ulbk, h a a a up, huh ly uqu v?


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Eectiveknowledge-transfermethodologytakestimetobedevelopedandimplemented

ad b vwd a a p ah ha a v. Adul la dl zha qud alz h ad dally by pa a lld v ad ha h b llwd by dvdualzd ad d-

a dbak.63 ICHL pa ha bak plx ICHL a lvl

a uul. Eah p h p buld up h kwld ad h pvu v duy da ad advad lv-l. C-da a dua pvd a aly a h ad, huh

h ha dbak, a, ha a lva kwld-a avy d-lvd by a d pvd a buld up pvu kwld-a v.64

Wherelegalprofessionalsarespecicallyconcerned,theknowledge-transferprocess

dally ak au ad buld up h ju x xp, plyha ha a dly lva h papa aual apad ak.

Knowledge-transferinterventionsthataccountforandarerespectfuloflocallegaltra-d a b, l a h ad a pla wh aal lal. Iv huld b ald b axally applabl, ad w -

vav appah huld b apad by u p ah aa h

vably h lcal judc. Wh w pacc may b pccally -

h d lal awk, huld aa whh uh pa aphbd.

Organizers,donorsandsponsorsmustbeabletoinformthemselvesofaninterventions

ula pa ad p-dd da. Idally, bh h pa aaly

ad l lad h p a ahd ad ulzd pv ubquv. Suh dbak v wh had a d dua

pvd a -dad a, a ha uu lad av pvddby h.

Interventionswillideallyhavebuilt-inmechanismstoensuretheirapplicabilityand

uly a h pj yl (.., ud) d, wh apppa. A up hha uaably ad al la u dvlp a b d

h u.

6 F a dd a adul la hdl , Buld Blk Buld Skll: AIvy Adul La Mdl ad Iva, Ppad by h Cul Adul ad Expal

La (CAEL) h U.S. Dpa Lab, Ju 200. Avalabl a: .

64 llua, buld h apay lal pal wh ll pvu xpu ICHL wuld b

wh ubav lal p, lud, xapl, hw h Gva Cv hav b w h d d ad hw h ECHR a ICHL a pdually. Ial a wuld b llwdby a ppuy apply h law a al , h va u, a hp wk aual a wh a . M advad a, ply a d hdly, wuld l-lw, xapl a udy v, llwd by ah ppuy apply h kwld, ad h. Tpa wuld b uulav ad aly advad, allw palza h la a-. T Rah a vd ha pl uh a paa appah wuld aa quau lap h v ICHL apay buld h .


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39

T abv l xhauv, bu d a ky b pa ha, wh pl-

d, pa a h ply lvl b apay-buld ad kwld-a h ICHL x. Wh h a badly applabl, h du x u lad pa ad wad p hqu ad kwld-a ha.

C Best Practices: Methodoloies, Mechanisms and Techniques

T al lk kwld a ca a a chqu ad mcha-

, a a b u by bv day-hl la. Wh h a

adul - ad pally ICHL lal pa pally h a avalabl l aw. Rah hwd ha al 90 p all kwld a-

udak u ly u hd.65 T xa ah h u

. T, u h lld xp pa wh ulaly plh, h u a l hqu ad p ha v ha h v- ah h hd wh pld. A h d h du ah bpa, h Rah a pvd a h aav u, al daw hah, whh uld pa ha h b pa. A xapl pvdd hapa h b pa ad u, a apppa.

1. K nowledge-ranser Events

Fw lu uld p a way a ICHL-lad kwld

ha by a a wll-dud wkhp, a v a, bu h adal

au al abudd abu wad applabl pa lhy updu aal a. Whh ply pply dd, uh u llp h kwld-a hd. Wh h p ad h-qu ld blw a ak au, wkhp, udabl ad a a b av b pa uully dlv kwld ad kw-hw papa:

1. Lu, plyd a all, a b kp a a u. ypally, lal pal h d ak a uh v.

2. Adul-la hdl apppa lal pal lud paal x-

uh a u (k al) ad hyphal a. Pa halud xapl ak h papa aual xpd wk, apppalydad wh ay, hlp papa d h aal.66 Sld alzd a-

ad h upp aal pvd lva aal k al.

65 T u kwld-a hd a h a, h udy v, h pal x-ha (lud hp) ad pal a/wk.

66 T Rah a d du ah h vav hdly plyd by h UNDP had. S UNDP Ba ad Hzva, Fal Pjc Rvw Rp, May 2008, cc h

pj ld: Supp h Eablh h Wa C Chab (WCC) BH a Lal Pal.


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3. O- a v a ld u ad a b plyd a p aud,

wh, xapl, llau h a dpa llvly xa- a paulaly advad, pbla d p.

riners/Eerts: 67

1. T paly ad auhy h p ky. T b p a kwld-

abl h ubj a, xpd up dya, ad apabl uladu whu v h p d .

2. a ad p u b a h a a a hh xp lvl ha , all, a ad u b wll d lal law ad lal lal pa.

3. I pa bud u ppaa xp ad p (pa-

ulaly hy a ) allw h b wll-aquad wh d

lal pa.. S jud wh a xp ha ICHL-lad a, paulaly lal

jud, a wll-ud lad p--p du h balad pall vlvd y plx a wh a d lal x. T aa ally b ad pu ad va.

Prticints:

1. Ul palza alady x a pa, h da pa-pa a b a x bala ad dplay. O had, h d u

shoulderstheburdenofidentifyingrelevantsta;ontheother,theneedsassessment

h hav dd a p a up. aul a ad avy wll a- b h apppa papa h v.

2. P--p a b jud, wh a lad h paam h

dba p a ppd lu a v, cmm pblm ad lad

a du bw qual. Paal ad u a a al, a ppd aa hal p, a dal h u. B pa lud al adapplla jud la h a a judal lvl, bu paaly a a allvl. I bh a hlpul hav a jud h ICY ad/ a pdaal xp h a.

3. A ad a pcu ad jud h (whu dc lawy)

pval h . Obv z h pa a a -llahp bw w h pa a h-pay y. I apabl xup, paulaly jud, pu n d lawy, wh u, hyp-

hal a ad l-play a plyd. Cvly, h pal up

67 T u a R Exp, .., a l d a wh wuld b vd bak uu v ha

ad dabl du bw h Rah a ad lu. T l uh a pa-

la, bu a pall. O u b pud aa ay uh l by d , alia:1.Whodecideswhichtrainerswillbeonthelist,andwhichwillnot,andaccordingtowhatcriteria?;

2. Wh aa h l aa up--da a a? I vd h

list,mayheorshebereinstated,andhow?;and3.Howcantrainersgettheirrstopportunitytobeonthe

l? I h vw h Rah a, uh a b kp ally.


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41

uh b xd wh pbl p a v p a h ada wh aual a a b dud. Wh dd, v a u pak h h p a u ha h ppv ha up pd.

. Gally, phy ad xpd pl uh d hlv aqual papa h a a h. Exp hw ha bh up wll

b uabl ak qu h h hby hd du.

. T a d lawy a paula hall du h h h aud h

h h ul d dul dy a a up adva. Va-

u jud h , -da wh h lva ba aa,

a dvlp l dpd ad a-appd (luba du) lawy wh

hav vd lvl ICHL a. A a u ha pvd h -

ay uda ICHL pa h lal jud a b pa.68

. Dc cul may al cv a huh h ba aca, pcally

wh h aa qu a ub-up palz ICHL.A ha b d a jud (.., Caa), h Ba huld d -a a adu udad wh h lal judal a aady, h a y d ak advaa a ad aal alady dvl-pd, al h a d ppv.69

A ub u ba da wh ad ha lld by hRah a du h ah pha, F xapl, wh u a, a- u huld yaally upda ad dz bh h hdly ada aal. Pvd pal dvlp ppu u, uha a a u, pa bh kp aba d pday

ad upda , .., bh kwld ad kll-bad dvlp. T au huld lud h u/ppu l- pla. Wh ha a , hy huld adap h pa h lal lal x ad -u ha h adv bh apppa ad applabl. T adv appl a fortiori h

ICHL x, pally wh du h a whh jupud advd lld ud h jud h b ud. I add h ICY adh bual, h Iaal C h Rd C, wh p ada IHL, a valuabl u ICHL a ad xp.

T xpad pl pal a h , ad paulaly h ha havpad aal al law, huld b ulzd ly. Al wh a -

aal xp, uh a a a valuabl u ad wll vaably hlp lh ap bw aal xp ad lal pal. T abv-d a ha pa a a uh xp dlv h kwld huh a pd-aally ud appah.

6 OKO a a u lawy k appa a h Cu BH.

6 T auh a za h a ha a la lal dua qual lawy udak ay adall yp a. Hwv, lh h u ad h plxy wa a, h auhal u ha ul a vwd a whh a a xp qu (a OKO ha h Cu BH) huld b adad lwh wa a.


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Struni saradnici (alad a lal lal adv) a a vy pabu ld a up kwld-a av. Struni saradnici da jud, vw w ad du pa ah. A la ub h b jud, pu ad d lawy. a uh a hu l daaba (.., ICY Cu Rd Ol, h ICY Appal ChabCa Law l ad h Ca Max)70 h wll hav pa up h bad ad-a ju ha h a h a.

Slaly, Pripravnici ( alad a lal a) x aly vy habad pu h , dpd u ad jud. I lh h

h- au h app (w ya, uually a bw dpa),

pripravnici a h a kwld-a v a h aal d- lvl. Hwv, kwld-a u a wll p h up bau

h ad yu lal pal lud uu jud, lawy ad pu.

pv papa, applla ad -lvl lal pal huld b d ad-

vancedICHLcourses,evenwhentheyhavelittlepreviousICHLexperience;theywillbe

ld ad uh v. Al hlpul h pv h CV h a

xp adva, allw v ak a d h abu h papa.

Best Practice Peer to Peer meetings (collegium):

What: A ld llau, uually h a , u ju-

d, wh a xal xp h a.71

How: T p-ak d llau a a da. T al ha-z pa, dy b pa, v bal, ad laydcul lal p.72 Cdal u ca b ad ad pcc ca d-

cud, wh apppa. Gu m h judc u a

buh a apppa. T uu ay advaa: I hhly -v, pul h lal hahy, ak avalabl ud xp (..,

ICY ICRC), ad ala lal lu lal .

Who: jud, pu ad va.

7 S h da l, aalyal ad ah l S V blw.

7 Wh da, h pa al v a jud (.., al ly) wh bal - h p appa.

7 T ada huld b dvlpd lally, bu uld lud a ad u vd ahd by hICY, azaal p plx a, w p ad upp, adjudad a, -

u ICHL a, au , pla-baa, jud da, lad va-

(w l) ad a h h al ICHL-lad u.


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43

2. Study visits

Sudy v h ICY ad wh h hav b a aly kwl-

d-a pacc v h pa val ya. A ypcal v h bual wuld

lud a all up pa h pu jud, ad - bh ha pd h u day v b a, ad

wh upa, du p law, u h aly ad/ bv a al. R-

ah vald a uau pa udy v a a uul kwld-a l.T v h ICY vd a vald uah u, ha , v aw h hua a-

bhd h bual, aw h , h x ad w ad h vau hbakud ad aal a. V d h pal appah h a h ICY k va, pu ad jud a appah dvd h

aal pjud. T h bjvy h u (uually) l h p

ha h ul law ad abv aw aal .

Addal da h lu udy v a h l b pa- kwld a, la h ppuy bv a u u pa ha pvk pa wh w. Papa wak dyu-

al u a uawa h pdu ha huld b pla ala av pa. Suy pdu, ua pl, a-fw pa, a-hv, I, l ad ah al a dplay du v T Hau ad a

pa v a uh a du ubl lal p u a -ual -pa. T b al a wh u ad p da uukwld-a v. A papa wh had papad a udy v

ld h Rah a, I dd kw wha I dd kw, ul I aw a h bual.

T b pa h blw dv paly h xp v udaka h ICY by pa Sal Fdal Rpubl Yulava jud-. Hwv, h pa apply qually v h Iaal Cal Cu(ICC) dvdual cu ha hav cad wa cm dpam, .., Nway

ad Caada,73 a wll a hbu u h wh palzd u-u a pla.

1. Suh v a uul wh bh v ad h h a wll ppad adva h v ad hav laly dd bjv. By huhly ul hpapa, h h ad h d aa xpa, h az a a- d bh h a up ad h bjv.

2. T v u b pally ald h up ad bjv u ha hpa a lva ad ha h ada v h v wad ha bjv.etopicstobeaddressed;places,departmentsandpersonneltovisit;andtheformat

, u ad b all qu adva da ad a. Suhal labu ad uc v, qu, xampl, h ala

7 Caada pamm dcbd a: . Vd 1 Fb 2009.


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PwP ld adva, h haza pak pa, ad h a-

la plx lal ad aal aa.3. A dud wh a ad wkhp abv, h paly, xp ad auh-

y h p ky. Sh pa, llwd by apl du,wk b.

. Evalua ad dbak ad by h papa ad h, ad had wh haz, hav pv b whwhl x a h d ah v.

Prticints:

1. I ha pv bcal clud pac m all lvl .., applla lvl

jud, pu, ad h -ld d ul udy v. Whla h ada, uh a a v h d u, a b udak -

h, paa wh pal upa ala pal a.2. Whl bad papa uh v ha b, lu d ha llw-

up v, .., d ad hd v wh p dvdual, al pdud pvul. Du uh llw-up v, pal a ad du h al vw hd. Falay wh h uud ad p allwd a dp- xpla p addd al du h al v.

3. I b wh h z h up kp lavly all, d ala h -a ah dvdual papa.

I d ha h v udy v, papa huld b ld ad

apa a dvlpd -pavly bw h d, v ad p-

u. b avdd h pa ual ladhp l avudaa v, dpd ay da whh h aa quwuld b. Suh pa, v wh dd dbu ppu a u- qually, d h pup ad valu udy v, hb h dvlp ddpal a wh lva al, ad ud h pal valu h v h

d, v ad p u. Whl h lh h v -

d by ad bud, da huld b v b udy v wh wkv. Suh dual-pup v wuld pvd papa wh h ppuy al-z kwld ad a a dp udad h upa pal l.74

A wh a, papa udy v huld, up h u wk, pa huba ad l lad du h v llau wh dd papa. Suha-ha huld b a d papa, ad up huld u ha

ak pla. T valua ad dbak ad by papa ad h a h d h v huld b had wh h wh ay b d az uu v llw-up v. Dbu h a wll hlp avd dupla ad allwuu v buld up h l lad pvu .

74 S B Pa x bx: Ehad Sudy V Jb Shadw, pa .


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45

Cda huld al b v pvd law ud h ppuy v

aal ad d wa bual a a way ha h lal d-ua, lud papa jb hadw. A wh all papa udy v,lc law ud huld b apa ad, h ca, al b bad m

(hlahp).

Best Practice: Enhanced Study Visits Job Shadowing

What: Exd h adal udy v ad a h papa wkald a upa h h u.

How: A d abv, udy v hmlv a a b pacc kwld

a wh ky ppl a bvd. Wh h addal jb-hadw - la a w day a wk h adal udy v hadwh d pal a, xpu ak ad a dp xa-a u bh h hadw ad h hadw. Whl uh

v qu addal pla, , aal u ad aabl ak-hld bh d, h a addd valu h papa.

Participants: Vcm/w-upp a, y a, va, p-

cu c (ca a) ad chamb (ca a, paculaly du

al).

3. Fellowships, Internships and Personnel Exchanges

B dvdual abad a a u hab a pay ba ha pv- a v ad uually bal kwld-a l. A pa h

x a h Cu BH, ad h ICY ha pad uul pa valya h Chab, O h Pu ad Ry. A T Hau, papahav b daw h ak jud, pu, law ud, hla ad pal

pa all v h wld. A papa ypally ay w x h,du whh h h -had xp wk wh h bual aualICHL a. T a d , udadabl a, b a h a- lvl, ad h h u ay a a l h papa a dal aal, bu h xp a a whl ha pv akdly bal kwld-a .

Up aval, h papa ally pvdd wh a du u ha ludp a h u pl h avalabl l ad p.75 I

75 Bal p lud, ala: du -wk, u h buld, d d, a-a, h ada, ah ad hal qup, wh aa, wk

hu, y pdu, azaal pl ad pj a.


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h a pl xha llwhp, h dvdual ay wk h h wa ah pj bu hav a u, aal ad h aa a jud

pu h h u a dd. I, ld ad ada /upv, wk a ak apppa h kll lvl ad . A ypalak clud lal ach, da l mmada ad ummaz w

a y.

Rach pducd a chqu ha maxmz kwld a uch

pa:

1. Mva a ky c lc pacpa ad m mpa ha

kwld ICHL (bau uvad a b a a upvy bud). P-

xp hlpul, bu al l, a ak a dbud ad

h papa kll ad xp. Mv, papa uh paa b ud wh a p la ha ula a, .., huh a a-pa appla pdu. Ca a wd a a pbl wll ah h hhqualy ad dv pl adda.76

2. Wk a pa a a ally pvd a b kwld-a vha wk la. T dal ub papa a a huld b alu-lad ad wklad ad upvy apay. Bala h ub uha papa a l whu ak ad ha upv a vbudd.

3. Pvd bh h- ad l-m ak hlp u ha pacpa a alway

ad.. Papa wk b wh hy l vd h u. T b upv a-

cmplh h by pvd ak ha qu apppa pal pblyad ha a pa h a bjv.

. T pa upv dul va, ad upv a b a-ully h bau hy a h dv a h u a xha hp pa. T b upv wh h papa a u-la ba, a b-wkly ba a u. T b upv a h wh akthemselvesavailabletotheparticipants;provideconstructive,timelyfeedback;answer

theirquestions;andtreatthemasvaluablemembersoftheteam.Tobeavoidedaresu -pv ha a papa ly a pay aa.

. Pacpa mally jy pacpa pal-dvlpm ppu

ha a avalabl ula a ad ha pv hlpul ua h d .. Exp ha hw b pvd pp a ad alaza aly

h papa ay wh bal.

T w may u hac xcha pamm ad hp,

m pbably bcau h pacc a lavly wll-ablhd. I wa d ha -

l h apppa lh uh pa uld b dul. Rah udha wh uc allw a mmum pd u mh, ad pably x,

76 T hld u v wh a p up, uh a yu pa h . T huld b a a wdly a pbl wh h .


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47

cay pacpa acqua hmlv ully ad ak maxmum advaa

h p h h u. Shdul vlap bw dpa ad avpapa pvd h la wh h ppuy ak qu h , h-by pv h pd ad qualy h du.

axz kwld-a b, uul papa wh a alady -plyd huld b pvdd wh da l ad a d ah ppu b hd by u ad ICHL.

Best Practice: Enhanced Internships

What: S--adua ly aduad ju a xpd lal

pal h wk.

How: Ehacd hp buld up h adal hp mdl w

way: F, p-placm a ppa h xpc, allw-

h h h ud u. Advad ppaa da h bud h h pal ad a h pal valu h . Tp-pla a huld uh v a a ha uha ly hhly mvad a lcd. Scd, a pd h

u mh a h ICY wh ah aal(zd) cu bu-

al pd h u h a d u. T addalhp pha allw h uh a kwld lad a h bu-

al, lwh, lal upa. Alavly, w h a u, dcul pcu c culd udak h hp p ak up

h p.

Who: S--adua cly aduad ju wh h ICHL

ph, ad/ ly hd lal pal.

4. Personal Contacts and Networking

A pvuly d, a a ub pal a hav dvlpd v h -

u h bual ad a a ul wk h . I pa hakwld ad a ha fwd ad u fw bh way a h a

hav w dp ad uu. F xapl, -uy v by va ad

pu h bual wk a a pu h a wh h p-

al upa ad uh xha w uually bal. Slaly, udy vby dvdual ad up u h bual wh ad b bd by a havld pal a ha, wh , hav dvlpd -pav pal la-hp. I a y ha pu du k pal a, uh wk ab a v hd kwld a wh pal, h v


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hd. F h dvdual ua uh b uh a, hy havpvd a ady u pal dvlp.

Equally pa h adly pv aph la bw jud,ad aly, la bw dvdual lal pal h . Il-u dbd kly pv h a -pa wh upa

wk lwh mla ca. T ay ha lal ad paccal bacl

lk judal dpu, paalll va, h xad u,77 ad h lk d, a , l d pal a p a. Hwv, kwld-a- az huld ly aly al xp ad h dvlp uhwk h apay-buld pla, dp h a ha, ul ly, lh pd bal av h yp.

Rah h b pa a pal a vald ll apa hd a h ua wh upa a, .., a av du v. Tu, h w hqu ld blw hav a d alah a pal a wh pld du kwld-av udy v:

Facilitatorsaretobecarefullychosenandcapableofcreatinganatmospherewherepar-

pa l pak up ad appah h. Wh h d ak h f,h ala u ha ah pak d h hl.

Forsmallerevents,facilitatingintroductionsattheoutsetgiveseachparticipanttheop-

puy pak. T -bak ay, bu b wh uh au

a ua wh h llv lvl h papa. Employingbreak-outgroupsduringaregionaleventensuresthattheparticipantsare

xd ad ha hy a wh ah. Whenlanguagebarriersarepresent,itishelpfultoidentifyavailabletranslatorsdur -

bak ad a mal, ad m pacpa accdly, acla mal

va. Duringbreaksandinthemargins,organizers,leadersandfacilitatorscanmakeacon-

u lk (du) pal upa. axz a h

a (a al, a hu) kwld-a v a b hld a a laaway h a y .

Priortotheclosingoftheevent,circulatealistofnamesandvoluntarilycomposed

cac ma. Hav pacpa lav a bu cad a h m h

a.

77 T xad u h ual phb xad z ha x hu Yulava u a. T phb hd p wa a-

bau up wh a z hbu u (ad wh h b ad h) ab plld ad al h uy wh h ud. Judal -pa ha allwd,

a, a al ak pla h up uy zhp, alhuh a vd

ad w a b bud. Rval h phb xad by bv aa al p wad al d buld.


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Ensurethatcorrectlyspellednametagsofasucientsizeareavailableduringlarger

v. Ilud h papa l ad jud h aa. Networkingonthedefencesideislargelyadhoc,occurringmostfrequentlywhende-

c am c bh aal ad dmc cul du a

v a d.

Pal a a b dvlpd ay ub a ad v ay lvl hachy. Expc m h ha hw ha udy v, pl xcha,

a v, ad -- a ju a w h u whuh a dvlp. Maa h ay b dul, pally wh daad laua ba v, bu ha d hav laly b u ICHL-lad apay buld ad kwld a. Fd ud ha ba aahuld xpd pal a a h , phap by -

az pd .

5. Other Best Practices

Kwld a ha ply val hqu u ha pv paulaly -

v, pally du ICHL pa pvuly xpd . Whwll haphd, ah appah buld up h kwld ad kll dud hpd appah, huh pa b v . T llw a x-apl a phv, duy-lvl78 a u w a wk ICHL.

Example: Comprehensive Induction Course:

What: A kwld-a pa w a wk ICHL-ladld.

How: Ov a pd appxaly u h, papa a udd huh

ah pha a a whh a aal ha b alld p-va79 huh al, h da a al jud appal.80T up ah day vy w wk ( a apppa) cduc

a mck-al pha pacc a pcc kll, a wll a cv w uc-

. A ah , papa wk a ad a v a a p a h x , a wll a h kll (a) l (.., l

7 Iduy-lvl lal pal ha hav pvuly b vlvd a ICHL aad dav ak ya xp.

7 T va pha a lud v xhua laba wh xaa h al u , a wll a a a h EDS.

F xapl, h ICY Maual Dvlpd Pa a a xll jud da-

wa a ha uld lkly b ud a a aal.


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aaly) cay hm u. a bh ad dmc wh xp-

c ad kll ach pha mply auhc, dacd maal ad vd

pp a h lva kl l. Slaly, applabl lal p uba-v ad pdual, d ad aal a ludad a ah pha. T

p huld b ald h papa wk. ypal ubj lud d- adad, duay ad w81 vd va (ludvw, p, upp ad u vd ICY ad

jud), d da, - va, p-al haad jud da. Gudd all-up ad k-al x hduldhuhu h pamm u ha pacpa pacc h kll ad m-

ply h l.

Who: Lal pa all , app, aaly ad adv wh wllb wk ICHL a.

Ah kwld-a pacc a ac am capacy buld

-d xp h u . Pvd uh a xp ha ulpladvaa, h whh h d aa h h/upa p, -

dvdual a. A addd advaa dy pal ad ual wak

h d, wh a vw a ald apay-buld lu. T bd-dd xp a b aal aal,82bu hy u hav xv ad zd

ICHL xp. I add xp h ld ICHL, h xp, whh a-

al aal, u p xpal pal kll, h hh hal adad adablu d. T pal qual h v xp a a ky a u b-

au h ld u avd v ad v b a d h upa.

I add, hy u b abl a d d ala bpk kwld-a

v. T uquald upp h had h u al ay.

Best Practice: Eertise in resience

T Ud Sa Dpa Ju-bad Iaal Cal Ivav

a Aa Pa (ICIAP) ulaly pla xp wh vav

uu h , wh hy bh a a ad az a-pay-buld v. T Eupa U ha uully bddd xp,

a, h palzd pu azd Skpj. I bh

Eah p a b dlvd h dph ha allw, ald h papa. F xapl,w-upp/p a uld xa pyhlal a, xp v. yw, p-v au, qu/-xaa, y a ad bdy laua, .

A xp d aly hav laua kll, a ala a b pvdd (a addal) wh vd, ull- p.


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h Eupa U ad ICIAP xapl, h lak h ay laua

kll w pad huh h pv ull-, vd ala.

T b pa pd abv w h h ay xp paad apay buld pa h Yulava. Ty ha a ub haa, h pa whh dad v akwld m h wh xp bca. T pacc hav a pv ack

d, ad h addal u h pal uh a h . T

llw hap u da hw h a b pa a b vly appld add h ICHL-lad d h lal pal.


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V R


T al ubav aa h p a da ad a hh x apay lal pal vlvd h wa pd.T w pld paly du h ah pha h pj ad w d akhld ad xp ulpl a, wh h h adjud bad h dbak vd. T da a u w bad a: 1) Galrecommendationsapplicableacrossprofessionsorinstitutions;and2)Recommendations

by p. A all ub da pa ly jud, ad a d-d a uh h x by .

T bulk h cmmda a h ICHL-lad kwld ad kll pac-, bu h Fal Rp dpa m ha pcc cu h aa: aalycal

capacy, vcm/w upp ad uach. Cu a lvl pclud u

kwld a h aa h au addd h p. T, a -ay play da ha a lvl b ad p ad h aa, ad ha w a pl a phv a pa a pa h du. Ul ha happ, apay buld a h h aa wll b ld valu.

Wh ah h w a, h da a pvdd al d py. Pza wa dd du h Ral Wkhp Saajv May2009, wh h Pj Pa uh h vw h papa d a -

ula pal llw- av. T pza blw huld b lyud, hwv, ad uh du lav p huld a a h - pla ubqu av.

A dabl ub a w ak da a h -da, wh h pa laly b h x pal d h, a dbd S III, ad h b pa ad l lad SIV. T ppcv h vwd ad h wh pacpad T Hau ad

Saajv wkhp w laly fual. Fally, aul da wa v bh


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53

h pla ad h apppa a lvl kwld-a av wh a jud-

p, a wll a h uaably ay paula da. Hwv, wa w not dd, dp h a pa:

1. enancial,humanandmaterialcost;and

2. Exp a a, h ay aza ha huld udak, -da

p uh .

T w ac qu cdabl addal ach, cula ad c-d-

a am h pal mplm, bh dmc ad aal, h

da.

B General Recommendations High Priority

ranscripts rom ICY Proceedings

Transcripts ICY pd x uly Elh ad Fh ad a avalabl h ICY wb.83 Aud d x all h lva laua, bu a ahabl ad a ly b bad up qu, a p hav b pdud aually h ICY. Cquly, h walh lva a ad h ap a h avalabl v u by h aal jud h .Mak acp avalabl lcal laua, va a x-achabl l, mpav.

Sad ap hav h au al v a h u pd h

.

Sustainable Witness Support Apparatus

Structure: T pay d upp v/w ICHL pd ha a uaabl upp appaau.84 A d, h p ah judplud a alzd da a h uu, p ad ada uh appaau xp ()phaz ha pvd upp p , du ad aa w/v a wh h ju y. Rah hwd ha jud-

wh x upp uu a ul dad ad huld hb pvdd addal pl a a paabl.

.

4 I BH pally, h v huld d a d p h pv v/w-upp v ad h b pa u h p ad lwh. T u hv (.., aphal p ad uu) a b ludd h d b l h bddwh h b pa paa.


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Electronic Research and Analytical ools

Case Matrix: Cplx wa a a huad pa dua-y vd, vlv la ub w, ad pdu uabl xhb, bad xp p. Md lal pal p wh h quay a byply a vay l l. S h l, xapl ICC Lal lad pay p, h Ca Max, 85 v h dual pup vy ICHLkwld whl a a aa. Ca Max u ah h vd h qud l a ad/ d lably ad, wh a lk, a l-

va jupud vw wha h u hav apd ( ) a uly pbav

ha l. U a ap h vd hy hav a a p a ax, whh

h l pvd pally ha pup. Sad hw, h l a u h

vday ad, a, lal aaly, whl ulauly a h -

aza a-lva aal.

Increase in analytical capacity and trained support staf

Analytical capacity lud bh plal ad lay aalyal apay wa pa-

dly d a a ky wak a va ad pu a all jud.Supportisnecessarytocarryoutlegalresearch;tomakethebestuseofarchives,documen-

taryevidenceandexpertreports;toanalyzepolitical,militaryandparamilitarystructures;

a wh w ad a, . Addal a huld b addd bl hapay pu ad va wk ICHL-lad a. F ay ham a, lal c a cay upp jud ha ICHL-lad ca.

Nw aalyal a huld v phv ICHL a al h l ha d-bd S C() abv,86 lud h u l l ad daaba, akpa udy v h Cu BH, Blad Wa C Chab ad h ICY ad, abl, papa -hu a a h ICY ad lwh l wh hda blw.

Support to Judicial and Prosecutorial raining Academies (Centres)

Curriculum & Training: A d, ald, aly-updaabl, ICHL-p uula qud a pac m ducy huh advacd lvl. I huld -

pa, a apppa, h ICY Maual Dvlpd Pa. A uulua l all u h a b ad ald dulha a pally ald ah lal awk vaa vavpdu, xapl. T a huld b hld pdally jud, pu,va ad upp a u h hdly ad b pa dd hRp.

5 M dald ma avalabl abu Ca Max a . N ha a BCS v h l hduld b avalabl Nvb 2009.

6 Cphv Idu Cu w a.


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Interacting with Vulnerable Witnesses

Witnesses: add cu u vlv w ad vcm mak h way

huh h lal ju y, a pally ad lal pal wh a

uh p dd. A v la h blw bu ad ah jud huld

b cad u cjuc wh h w/vcm-upp appaau, wh avalabl:

Example: Intercting it Witnesses n Victims

What: a ICHL pa wh a w ad v.

How: Papa a xpd h pay u uud vw w-

ad v wa-lad . hqu apppaly quauazd w ad v a auh ad h pad a lldv. Papa la kll-bad hqu p-al vwad xaa/qu du al. a pa wh a k w p ad/ a vd aa, pl lad hqu ad -ac u ha m. Bh xp ad p pvd dback. Spcc

a p lud:

1.Generalinterviewingapproachesandbestpractices;

2. P w:a.Assessmentofneedsforprotection;

b.Legalframework;c.Accessingprotectivemeasures(e.g.,voicedistortion,pseudonyms);

3.Scopeofdirectexamination,cross-examinationandredirect,whereapplicable;

4.Typesofquestionsandwhentoemploythem(open,closed,leading,etc.);

5.Techniquesforquestioningeyewitnesses,expertsandhostilewitnesses;

6.Appropriatelyandeectivelyquestioningtraumatizedwitnesses;

7.Witnesssupportandhowtoaccessit;and

8. Rz ad dal wh day aua.

Who: pu, va/pl, jud ad d ul.

Legal-Research Tool for Local Jurisprudence: A wb-bad,87 ahabl u ICHL-la-

d d h al, applla ad up u ly dd.88 Idally, uh

a ha wuld b ad wh a ala h x Appal Chab Ca-Law

Rah l (ACCLR)89 h ICY wh h Ca Max l. Suh a l wuld qu

7 T u huld al b avalabl pdally CD-ROM, paulaly a wa bvd ha ayjud ad pu BH y lvl jud d hav I a h .

O x publa, h OKO Rp h l v h u.

.


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ula aa ad, h, a a ad u kp bh paal ad

a uly hh qualy. I huld h b aahd a u, uvy, u

NGO wh ula ud ad dad xp. Ul uh a l l, hCa Max ad a alad v h ACCLR huld b pvdd all jud, d,

va ad pcu wk ICHL ca, it trining on teir se.

General Recommendations Continued Mid-level Priority

Additional Support to Judicial and Prosecutorial raining Academies (Centres)

Advanced training in ICHL: Advad a dd pu, va, jud-

ad d ul, ald ah jud lal awk. A apppa v

a, uh a h h xapl blw, huld u l a uppld byv ha v plx d lably, uh a ply ad ad pbly,.., wh h dda h alld phyal ppa h udly a. Rad-

l a, pv h ua duay vd ablh lka huldal b ludd a h p. Hw ub Rqu Aa (RFA) h ICY,

includingthetypesofdocumentsthatexistintheICTYandtheirstatusorsignicance;the

interrelationofvariousdocuments;howtorefertothevarioustexts,forexamplejudgements;

ad hw ub qu vw dad p, wuld b a hlpul lu all pa. I h v, lal pal huld b ad awa h ICY Cu

Rd Ol daaba, avalably lal laua, ad hw a .

Example: AICHLB(D)LC

What: a du d-lvl ppa a.

How: A -alad a advad pa. Papa a pvdd

wh a b vw h a h law d-lvl ppa a ypal h f h Yulava. Papa v p aual vd-

ay aal apppaly dad h ICY h w jud.Wk am, h pacpa a xpcd huh h maal

pvdd, m whch a lva ad m whch a , ad ambl

a pcu dc ca. Dcu llw ach p. Ov h cu

theeventparticipants:1.identifyrelevantmaterial;2.identifytheelementsofthe

crime,ifany,supportedbythematerial;3.selecttheexhibitstheywouldpresentat

trial;4.draftanindictment(forprosecutors);and5.(forprosecutorsanddefence)

xpla h hy h a k p au.

Who: va, vav jud, pu, ad d ul.


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57

Training Trainers: T a d bl h a apay ad xp xICHL a pv h dlvy h abv uulu, pally l wh hb pa h p.90 T pday kll a wh ad l -ah ad aalyal l huld b ludd h dua. Skll ha a huld b dud a a a u.

Assistance: a aad ad wuld b aa pl h

b pa dd h p hdly, p ad p. Aa

uld h (pay) addal a ud xluvly pl b

pa, h a a adav ubdv wh h aad u ICHL

a a, add a ad lal ah wh d -l ad h u- lal-ah hd lva ICHL, a lal pal ppa a.

Legal Materials

Commentaries: v h dah up--da lal aal h ,

pa pvd lal pal wh a updad, lally auhd ICHL -ay. Ca h yp a dd h auhav u lalpa h . Ty ay ubaal wh h lal uy ad -ally ud pa wh h ubj a. Eu ha uh a aaua ad updad ICY jupud ald lal pa wuld u hpla a v kwld-a l. Slaly, ala (wh ay) ad

dbu x, aally auhd x ICHL huld b dd,91 wh

h ad ava a h applably.92

Personnel Exchanges

I-hu a a h ICY ad lwh huld b pvdd lal pal

m h , paculaly lal c ( struni saradnici), aaly, lal appc

(pripravnici) ad h upp a.93 Fa huld lud v palhp,had hp ad jb-hadw udy v l wh h b pa u S abv. a l-aalyal ad ah l huld b ludda pa h du -v a. Cda huld b v u

A uh a h p UNDP pa h v waad.

F xapl, T Law Cad Rpbl y by G. Maux (2009), whh b alad ad

huld b avalabl auu 2009 udd by BH S Fuda. A d pa abk, Tpa h Iaal Cal bual h Yulava ad Rwada, by Jh RWDJ, 1999, ha b alad Caa. Gud uh a h Exp Gud Tuh h ICY d-bd 31 huld al b dd.

S pa 21, ad x apay 31.

T ly lauhd J Eupa C ad ICY a Pj Naal Puad Yu Pal h F Yulava v h d ad av wh -p h pu. S .


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( xpad) uh pa a h Cu BH, h Sba Wa C Chab,lwh h ad aally a h ICY pa wd dw.

C Recommendations By Topic (Prioritized within each topic)

Investigators

Rah vald h d a wd a a a lal pal p-

bl va ICHL-lad h . Ba/duy a huda ICHL dd paly va pl uu. Iva-

jud ad pu wh ay u h u va uh a wuldb advad ICHL a, paulaly v h d lably p

d-lvl ppa (See best-practice example Advanced ICHL above). Bh up va wuld b h Ia wh W ad V adbd abv pa 8 a wll a a alay da ad add RFA h ICY. a pvd h xp h v huld b cludd h

a--a p ( Supp a Aad abv).

T upda vav hqu ad hly ay all lal p-

al vlvd ICHL a, bu h paulaly h a va. p huldlud DNA, , - aaly, vw ad xhua. Wkhpha lud p ad hqu va ld a, a wll a u h u l aalyal l uh a Ca Map, a al ay va.

Judges/Adjudication

Regional Appellate Judges Meetings : T a p--p ply h adbd pa , wh ICY jud papa.94 A d, h ada huld b d-

vlpd lally ad lud p ud by papa. Pal p dd h

ah lud jud da, h aal ad d law whad a vlv d-lvl ppa, h uly (paulaly ICY, bual al) jupud, a jud l uah ad u l lal-ah l.

Regional Trial Judges Meetings: T a p--p m mply h ma

dbd pa abv, wh ICY al jud papa. p ud by hresearchincludemutualassistanceinprocurementofevidence;admissibilityofevidence;

usageofICTY-garneredevidence;factsadjudicatedelsewhere;95 a jud l w

4 Advaa huld b ak l a h u avalabl, hwv h u ha uad ICY jud a h ly pbl u. T ky quala a ubaal ICHL xpad h dau a l-xpd llau whu d.

5 T Rah a ha a lx pal x BH add h p.


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59

support;96ajudgesroleinoutreach;bestpracticesincaseandcaseloadmanagement(includ -

inge-tools);andthecreationofbenchguidesforspecictopics, 97 uh a w p

au, p-al , - va ad u.98

Cda huld al b v xd pal al ad applla jud, wh p- adjud adly.

Prosecution

Regional prosecutors meetings: T a p--p , wh ICY pu

papa, wh a vw pl h OP v--v pu h .99 Rah h p ud p huld lud: lad wa -

va, w lal awk ala -judal -pa ad vd

ha, h b ad pall adp a a-bad pu appah, b pa- a ad alad aa (lud -l), uual aa pu vd, ad adbly vd ad a h ICY ad h jud.

External Expertise: Exal xp wuld b pvdd upp pu appa

ICHL a. T xp() wuld v a llal, pal u ICHL a, -

dvdualzd upp p a. I add a-p aa, h xp()

wuld a h aza ad pla advad a, l-lad daaba a, ad h da addal pal-dvlp d.

Deence

Defence Counsel Conferences: D ul h appa bhal p

aud hav ppad a wa huld ah aually -aually av, ul-day . H h v uld b Cal D S h

Ry h Cu BH (OKO),100 a alady h a la v, a lal ba a-

6 Whl jud appad phd ully h l w p ad upp, h ap-pad blv ha uh pbly l lwh.

7 S pa 89, ad h x apay 11, a xapl ud v vd

Caa.

F BH pally, a p--p add p u wh ad aypla wuld b bal. Exapl p uld lud dal wh h apad alad,ubav lal hudl, plxy a, ad ua ICY-ad vd, ad adjudad a.

O pu ad jud, pvly, h BH Cu ad h ICY huld b vd abv. Idally, bw h Ch Pu h BH Pu O ad h ypu huld ak pla ulaly, uh a vy h h, wh h pup xha x-p, aa ad ppv.

T OP h ICY ha, h wh h wa pu dpa h Cu BH, -ad uu ula ula bw h .

OKO uly az a aual v a la au. T b pa a ba OKO

ad ha h Cala Ay Cal Ju, al wh h Cal a Publ D-d Aa, a v ha u dd apal a h Ud Sa.


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a, lk-dd u NGO. Pa huld b azd a vay lva p vwd a d ppv. Oppu wk ad p-al a huld b wv h ada, whh huld lud a, alluh ad a akpla wh xp ad pva duy du ad xha, xapl, lal aal, kll u, ad l l. A a u -aal al law uld al b ad avalabl du h v, a uld daad advad ICHL u. A wd a kll wkhp uld b hld, uh a, xapl, qu ad -xaa hqu, lud h wk whaumazd/vulabl w,101 cduc wa cm va m h d-

ppv, vly ply duay vd, ad dv xulpay

vd ld a. Al pa udad h ha k a-a h ICY (RFA), (.., Rul h qu ad qu vw dadpersons);102negotiatingimmunityandpleaagreementsinICHLcases;elucidatingprofes -

sional-ethicalconcerns;andbecomingadeptatelectronicresource,researchandanalyticall (.., Ca Max, ACCLR, CaMap, ad a aa wa). T av huld qualy wad a aual qu u lal dua.

External expertise huld b ad avalabl upp dul appa ICHLa.103A wh la upp ud pu ( abv), d xp wuld

v a a llal, pal u ICHL a, dvdualzd upp

p a. I add a-p aa, h xp wuld a h aza-

ad pla a, ad l l ad daaba a paula,a wll a h da addal pal-dvlp d. Exp uldb bad lal ba aa, NGO dpd , a apppa.104

Support to Bar Associations h a al a apay/uula ICHL.

Na a adu udad wh h lva judal a aad-my c cc cuculum, acl ad a huld av uc. Ba

aca huld ulz h cuculum cduc pdc cca cu wh

Odihr Unicri Icty 2009report En

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