Things to study for the quiz Wednesday: Column, markets and arch of Trajan (185 and 186); Hadrian and the Pantheon (187 and 188); Constantine (202 – 206) plus notes from today’s lecture.

Gold Star quizzes: Megan, Jeannie, Nicholas, Michael, Brandon, WillSilver Star quizzes: Carolyn, Michelle, Jacob, London, Jim, Chaz, JoshMVP Derby Award: Holly!

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Extra Credit Assignment• Top 5 reasons why the

Roman Empire fell• Explain each of the 5 in

detail• Cite your sources in

APA or MLA format• WORD LIMIT: 200

words total, excluding citations

• Do not have to use full sentences

• Worth: 15 points• Due: Wednesday• Submit: via email to

me by 1:00 Wednesday afternoon

• Holly_stevens@tamu-commerce.edu

• Feedback: via email

Caesar – started out as a prosecutor, studied oratory, sent to Gaul for 9 years to fight, retained some soldiers and built up more troops and forcibly took rule of Rome. One of his rivals fled to Egypt to hide and was put to death by the 10 year old king, whose sister was Cleopatra – hmmmm.

100 bc to 44 bc (lived)

March 15, 44 B.C - Julius Caesar was killed, just one month after he proclaimed himself dictator of Rome. Three guys took over his job in a Triumvirate – Marc Antony (guess who he is going to start dating?), Lepidus and Octavian (Octavian is Julius Caesar’s grand nephew who is going to become Emperor and change his name to Augustus)

Cleopatra looked like this . . .

Not so much like this . . .

And definitely not like this.

Octavia – Octavian (Augustus’ sister, Marc Antony’s real wife)

Julius Caesar was married three times, but I have no slides of his wives.

Marc Antony

And now the Emperors . . .

Octavian aka Augustus

63 bc to 14 ad (lived)

27 bc to 14 ad (ruled)

Ara Pacis Augustae (The Altar of Augustan Peace) built by Caesar’s grand-nephew, Augustus

35 x 39 feet/architect unknown/originally painted

Lower band is lush foliage, signifying peace, prosperity and plenty

Upper band on sides is family and friends – Augustus was a big proponent of family life

Upper band near doors and on back are Romulus and Remus/the Aeneid (commissioned by Augustus)/goddesses

When I returned from Spain and Gaul, in the consulship of Tiberius Nero and Publius Quintilius, after successful operations in those provinces, the Senate voted in honor of my return the consecration of an altar to Pax Augusta in the Campus Martius, and on this altar it ordered the magistrates and priests and Vestal Virgins to make annual sacrifice.

Shusher

Antsy child Behaved child

Forum of Augustus

Temple of Mars the Avenger

Prima Porta Augustae

Bare feet = divine status

Cupid on dolphin = reference to Venus, the supposed ancestor of the family

Tiberius – ruled when Jesus was crucified

42 bc to 37 ad (lived)

14 – 37 ad (ruled)

Gaius aka Caligula aka NutJob

12 – 41 ad (lived)

37 – 41 ad (ruled)

Nero aka NutJob II

37 – 68 ad (lived)

54 – 68 ad (ruled)

Possibly started the fire that raged for 9 days in Rome in order to claim THREE HUNDRED acres for himself and his house – conveniently blamed the Christians for the fire

Was going to be floggedto death; chose suicide

Poppaea Sabina – one of Nero’s wives. This one he kicked to death while she was pregnant with his child.

Agrippina the Younger

Sister of Caligula (possible lover), Mother of Nero, wife of Claudius (her uncle), great granddaughter of Marc Antony

Nero’s Golden Palace

Golden Palace now open to the public – originally 300 rooms, not all have been explored. 32 are open to tourists.

Vespasian

9 – 79 ad (lived)

69 – 79 ad (ruled)

Curse Tablets

The one that has stolen my bronze bowl is accursed. I give the person to the temple of Sulis, whether woman or man, whether slave or free, whether boy or girl, and may the man who did this pour his own blood into the very bowl. I give you that thief who stole the item itself, for the god to find, whether woman or man, whether slave or free, whether boy or girl." (Tab. Sulis no. 44= CT no. 95, iii AD)

'To Minerva the goddess of Sulis I have given the thief who has stolen my hooded cloak, whether slave or free, whether man or woman. He is not to buy back this gift unless with his own blood.' (Bath)

Vespasian

TItus

Hadrian

Circus Maximus

Trajan

53 – 117 ad (lived)

98 – 117 ad (ruled)

Plotina, Trajan’s wife Matidia, Trajan’s niece

Trajan’s dad Trajan’s architect - Apollodorus

Trajan

Hadrian

76 – 138 ad (lived)

117 – 138 ad (ruled)

Antinous

Marcus Agrippa (son-in-law of Augustus) Hadrian

Temple of Hadrian, Ephesus

Fountain of Trajan

Library

Marcus Aurelius

121 – 180 ad (lived)

161 – 180 ad (ruled)

Caracalla