October, 2012 Jean Vigneron General Secretary of G3-PLC Alliance [email protected] Kaveh...
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Transcript of October, 2012 Jean Vigneron General Secretary of G3-PLC Alliance [email protected] Kaveh...
October, 2012Jean Vigneron
General Secretary of G3-PLC Alliance [email protected]
Kaveh RazazianSenior Scientist - Maxim Integrated
“ G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today’s Smart Grid”
Choosing a Technology Platform for the Future
“The biggest challenge facing implementers is how to meet both current and future smart grid requirements, while ensuring interoperability and open-
endedness among grid elements”
When evaluating communications platforms, it is important to look for a solution that:
Provides cost-effective system architecture - Plug-and-Play
Provides real-time communications – Robust, long range, two-way link
Includes security mechanisms - to protect grid assets and theft
Standards based - to ensure interoperability and open-endedness
Scalable and field upgradable
Strong industry support
PLC Evolution
• 1950’s – 10Hz one way communication used managing town lighting
• 1970’s - X10 low speed (20 bits/s), one way communication for simple control of devices and appliances
• 1980s - INSTEON using X10 and RF to address inherent limitations of X10 to penetrate a wider network
• 1990’s - FSK PLC technology became popular providing low data rate (2.4kbps), two way communication for command and control applications
• 2000’s – Broadband above 2MHz, PLC communication (OFDM) for multimedia consumer applications
• 2010’s - G3-PLC low frequency below 500KHz PLC (OFDM) delivering highly reliable, high speed, secure, two way communication designed specifically for the Smart Grid
Maxim Confidential
Severe Channel Condition
In noisy AC line, there is harmonic noise, impulsive noise, and frequency selective attenuation.
Therefore signal amplitude variation is large as shown in Figures 1 & 2
Impulsive NoisePreamble
Figure 1 Figure 2
Noise power distribution between 10kHz to130kHz is 20-30 dB stronger than signals above 200kHz
G3-PLC Defined by Utilities, Developed for Utilities
• In association with: ERDF (Electricité Réseau Distribution France)– 100% subsidiary of EDF (Electricité dé France)– 35M customers – 1,284,000km of electricity power lines– Smart grid deployment plan: 2012
• Technology developer: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.– Over 25 years in business; 12 years in OFDM PLC
• Main objective: Communication technology offering a balance of robustness, quality of service, high data rate and cost
• Deliverable: A complete OFDM PLC specification, including PHY, MAC, adaptation layer, and meter profile
• PHY/MAC specification completed: 2009
G3-PLC - A Global Solution
MV / MV, MV / LV & LV / LV
High data rate
IPv6 compliant
Secure
Robustness
High density areasSmart Grid
and additional services
Low density areas
Open specification
FCC section 15 defined 10-490kHz frequency band for PLC in North America and Canada
ARIB defined 10-450kHz frequency band for PLC in Asia and Japan
Cenelec EN50065-1 defined a range of low frequency bands for PLC in Europe
• A-band (3-95 kHz), Frequencies in this band shall only be used for applications for monitoring or controlling the low-voltage ,distribution network, including energy usage of connected equipment and premises
• B-band (95-125 kHz), can be used by all applications• C-band(125-140 kHz), for home networking systems• D-band (140-148.5 kHz), specified for alarm-and
security-systems
Government Regulations for PLC
G3-PLC Smart Grid Solution Summary
• Physical Layer– Support of internationally accepted bands from
10kHz - 490kHz (FCC, CENELEC, ARIB)– Multi-layer error encoding/decoding
• Viterbi, Convolution, Reed Solomon and CRC16– 8psk,QPSK, BPSK, Robo, Messaging Mode– Adaptive Tone mapping, notching and modulation
• Application Layer– Compliant ANSI C12.19/C12.22, IEC 62056-61/62
(DLMS/COSEM)or other standards used world wide• Transport and Network Layer
– IPv6 enables potential services: SNMP, TFPT, etc– Adaptation layer 6LowPan associates the MAC Layer
802.15.4 to IPV6:• Compression of IP header, fragmentation, routing,
authentication.• MAC layer
– Plug and play network management to choose “Best Path” (Full Mesh Support)
– Time domain and collision management– MAC Layer IEEE 802.15.4-2006– CSMA/ARQ
FilesCOSEM
Interface model
COSEM AL
Wrapper
TFTP SNMP
Compressed UDP
Compressed IPv6
6LoWPAN Adaptation sublayer
MAC sublayer
PHY layer
InitMngt
CPL media
Physical Layer
MAC Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer ApplicationLayer
Complete PLC modem for the Smart Grid(from the PHY to the Application layer)
FSK provides only 2Kbps @ 10^-4 BER at 12dB* (From STM Datasheet)
OFDM provides 32Kbps @ 10^-4 BER, and at only 3dB* (G3-Lite - MAX2990 w/DBPSK)
Figure 2Figure 1
Benefits of OFDMHigher Data rates at Lower SNR
10dB performance improvement vs. single-carrier PLC
• Higher reliability• Wider coverage• Longer distances
* 12dB SNR means signal is ~4 times stronger than noise* 3dB SNR means signal is ~1.5 times stronger than noise
G3-PLC Data Rates and BER plots
Frequency Band Typ RoboData Rate (bps)
Typ DBPSKData Rate (bps)
Typ DQPSKData Rate (bps)
Typ D8PSK Data Rate (bps)
Max D8PSKData Rate (bps)
CENELEC A (36kHz to 91kHz) 4,500 14,640 29,285 43,928 46,044FCC (150kHz to 487.5kHz) 21,000 62,287 124,575 186,863 234,321FCC (10kHz to 487.5kHz) 38,000 75,152 150,304 225,457 298,224
Maxim Confidential
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4 Received Noise in Good channel RMS= 0.048 V
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4 Received Signal + Noise in Good channel RMS= 0.071 V
Attenuation= 20 dB (Signal reduced ~10 Times)SIR = -6 dB (interference stronger 2 times than Signal )
Preamble
Channel Characteristics: Bad Condition
S-FSK vs. OFDM
Application Data Rate
Technology Time (s) to Get a Load Profile Reading of 3300 Bytes*
S-FSK 1200 56
S-FSK 2400 28
OFDM 4
*Notes:– Calculated by DLMS-UA for S-FSK.– Measured in the field for OFDM.
• Grid asset management
• Meter management
• In-home energy display/management
Designed for multiple Smart Grid applications
• Electric vehicle charging
• Lighting automation (Street, Airport, commercial buildings)
• Factory automation/energy monitoring
G3-PLC progress to mass roll-out
2007 2008 2009 2011 20122010
ITU G3-PLC
Standard Pre-
publication
Dec 2011
OFDM DemoEDF/ERDF
Jan 2007
OFDM Field
Trials
Dec 2007
Start Spec
Development
Aug 2008
G3-PLC (DSP)Field Trails
June 2009
Spec
Release
July 2009
Standardization starts(IEEE, ITU, IEC)
Dec 2009
DC/Meter
(Implementation)
June 2010
G3-PLC ChipsetAvailable
Nov 2010
DC/Meter
(Certification)
May 2011
G3-PLC
DC/Meter(Production)
July 2011
DC/Meter
Deployment
Completed
Sep 2011
“G3-PLC - Main Technology Driving Narrow Band (NB) OFDM PLC Standardization”
NB OFDM PLC Standards under development to date:
– ITU G.9955 G3-PLC Annex Pre-publication completed in Dec 2011
– IEEE 1901.2 Cenelec through FCC based on G3-PLC – target ballot Q2CY12
– DLMS /COSEM Upper Layer G3-PLC submitted for inclusion in Blue Book
G3-PLC Standardization
Field tested Worldwide
France – ERDF
Portugal - EDP
USA - WIN Energy and St Louis Coop
Japan – TEPCO and Chugoku
China, State Grid and NARI
Taiwan - III/TaiPower
Mexico – CFE
Germany - Vattenfall
Field test Results - Examples
Typical Electricity Topology
Urban area (~400 meters/transformer)
Residential(200-300 meters/transformer)
Isolated(<9 meters/transformer)
Long-distance MV-to-MV Tests (France)
*G3 tests preformed in CENELEC (32-95kHz ) frequency band without 8PSK limiting data rate.
Test performed by ERDF 6.4KM. No repeaters.
Technology DistanceData Rate
(Kbps)
FER (Frame Error rate)
G3* 6.4Km 6.092 0%
MV-to-LV and LV-to-MV(France)
1,4 km
2 km(M)
(S)
(S)
• Concentrator installed on the MV network, and two slave devices connected to the LV network• MV-to-LV transformer crossing introduced frequency-dependent attenuation of over 40dB
MV-to-LV Test Setup
TechnologyMaster/ Slave configuration
Data Rate (bps) FER (Frame Error Rate)
G3-PLC* 4175 bps 1%
*G3-PLC tests preformed in CENELEC (32-95kHz ) frequency band without 8PSK limiting data rate.
A
B
Test configuration
Pictures from Field Test
Room #2 with all commonly used home appliances where PLC Rx #3 was located.
location where PLC Rx #1 and PLC Rx #2 were located with two Kotasus were on.
Home Appliances Noise
• The following appliances are used as the noise source in the field trial:– IH Heater, TV, triac, 3 Kotasu Heaters, Microwave, Rice Cooker, Water
Pot, Blanket, and carpet vacuum• The noise spectrum of two major noise sources IH Heater an Kotasu are as
shown below:
Maxim Confidential
IH Heater Kotasu Heater
Test Results
• At room 2, we compare the received spectrum with all noise sources off (on the left side), and the received spectrum with all noise sources on (on the right side) as shown as below
• With ATM mode, data rate is about 6-10 kbps
Maxim Confidential
signal level is much higher than noise level
Noise level
signal level is almost the same as noise level
MV-to-LV Tests(USA)
MV
LV
From To DistanceFrequency
BandMode
Data Rate (Kbps)
A B .8KM 300-450kHz BPSK 54A C 1.8KM 300-450kHz BPSK 48
High-speed communications while crossing medium-to-low voltage transformers
18F
3F
1F
2F
Basement
18F
3F
1F
2F
Basement
Building #1 Building #2
T1 (701) T2 (703)
MV (10KV)
LV (380V)
MAX2990Transmitter
MAX2990Receiver
MAX2990Receiver
MAX2990Receiver
MAX2990Receiver
18F
3F
1F
2F
Basement
Building ##18F
3F
1F
2F
Building ##
AirSwitch
AirSwitch
AirSwitch
AirSwitch
AirSwitch
AirSwitch
A
B
C
E
D
• Test were performed in a customer designated site
• Substation located in the basement of a parking structure
• Test site had two MV/LV transformers (T1 and T2).
• MV distribution is underground
DistanceFreq
BandData
Rate
A -> B: 150m ARIB 100Kbps
A -> C: 155m ARIB 100Kbps
A -> D: 220m ARIB 100Kbps
A -> E: 200m ARIB 96Kbps
Test results in Beijing
A
MV LV
18 FloorsB
Thank you for your attention
Visit our websitewww.G3-plc.com
Additional G3-PLC Information
• Idaho National Labs – Charger and EMC testing• http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/phev/VtoVSESmartGridRpt.
pdf• Pacific National Labs – 30 million Message test• http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/p
dfs/merit_review_2011/veh_sys_sim/vss055_gowri_2011_p..pdf
• IEEE G3-PLC Research – G3-PLC on Galvanized SWER
• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6102338&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F6093618%2F6102296%2F06102338.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6102338