October 2010 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 310 - 1 · October 2010 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 310 - 1...

October 2010 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 310 - 1

October 2010

CLASS 310, ELECTRICAL GENERATOR ORMOTOR STRUCTURE

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the residual class for all subject matter, not else-where classified, relating to electrical generator ormotor structure.

(1) Note. This Class was produced in 1953 bymaking official the unofficial digests whichhave been established by the Examiners ofDivision 26 during the period from about1900 onwards. A caveat is given: while it isbelieved that the titles and definitions arereasonably accurate, no assurance can begiven that all the patents, issued prior to thedate of reclassification, are in the propersubclass since only some of these individ-ual patents were read during the reclassifi-cation project. Consequently, in making athorough search in this class, it is advisableto investigate every subclass which maypossibly be pertinent and not, in order toshorten the search, to rely upon the princi-ple of superiority of subject matter becauseof position in the schedule, since that prin-ciple is applicable only in classes whereeach patent has been analyzed and placed inthe schedule in accordance with that por-tion of the disclosed subject matter which isclaimed.

(2) Note. Since Class 310 takes, under the classdefinition, only subject matter relating toelectrical generator or motor structure notelsewhere classified, its scope can be deter-mined only by determining the scope ofother related classes, which classes arelisted below under search class. Also con-sult the search notes in the definitions ofthese classes.

(3) Note. Many mechanical classes containelectrical disclosures, as where an electricalmachine is disclosed in a mechanical envi-ronment, with which it cooperates. Conse-quently, in appropriate instances, the searchmust extend to the class or classes whichrelate to the environment in which the elec-trical disclosure may be found.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHERCLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, subclass

213 for the subject matter of that class havingelectrical ventilating means.

57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclass 100 for the apparatus of that classhaving electric motor driving means.

73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclassesfor mechanical measuring and testing deviceshaving electric motors or generators as partthereof.

84, Music, subclasses 600 through 722 for electri-cal musical instruments having means to gener-ate electric currents of particular wave form foruse in musical instruments, such as electricorgans. Note particularly indented subclasses1.04+ for electric generators having meanswhich are tuned to resonance.

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 49+ forelectric locomotives.

123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 149 fordynamos in combination with electric ignitionsystems for internal combustion engines.

124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 3for electromagnetic projectile propellingmeans.

160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, orPanel, appropriate subclasses, particularly sub-class 310 for this subject matter of that classhaving electric means to operate it.

173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate sub-class for an electric motor for driving a toolcombined with features peculiar to tool driv-ing. Generally, Class 310 includes motors hav-ing a named type of tool as a load. HoweverClass 173 provides for a motor having specificimpact delivering relationship to a tool, a pas-sage to deliver cleansing or cooling fluid to atool work surface, specific structure of a handleto manipulate a tool relative to work or pluralmotors, one of which is described as driving atool and another as advancing a tool.

198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 381, 439and 619 for electromagnetic conveyors inwhich the device or material being moved ismoved by the action of a magnetic field.

258, Railway Mail Delivery, subclass 4 for mag-netic apparatus utilized in railway mail deliv-ery.

310 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS October 2010

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307, Electrical Transmission or InterconnectionsSystems, appropriate subclasses for miscella-neous electric systems having electric genera-tors. Note particularly subclass 82, 84, 151,and 153.

315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Sys-tems, subclass 55 for electric space dischargedevices having combined therewith an integralelectric generator or piezoelectric device, sub-class 78 for vehicle space discharge device orlamp systems having a vehicle motor or vehiclemotion driven generator.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropri-ate subclasses for electric generator or motorstructure having significant circuits connectedthereto and for electric motor systems con-trolled by the control of the motor structure.Also note subclasses 538+ for electric motors,per se, having means to control or adjust themby control of the structure of the motor.

320, Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging orDischarging, appropriate subclass for a batteryor capacitor charging system that utilizes anelectric generator as a source of charge energy.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appro-priate subclasses for electric generator havingelectric control systems.

323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Sys-tems, subclasses 201 through 204 for voltagemagnitude and phase control systems utilizingmotor generator or dynamo electric machinesets.

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropri-ate subclasses for electrical measuring or test-ing devices and systems having electricgenerators or motors as part thereof. Note par-ticularly subclasses 160+ for speed measuringsystems having tachometer generators and sub-classes 76.11+ for electric meters having elec-tric generators or motors as part thereof.

335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 220+for electromagnets with armatures (i.e., electricmotor of the reciprocating type).

336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses forstructure of inductor devices, (e.g., transform-ers and inductive reactors), particularly fordetails of induction windings and coils, mag-netic cores and cooling means for inductor.

363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, sub-classes 102+, 150 and 174+ for electric powerconversion systems utilizing dynamoelectricmachine converters.

367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic WaveSystems and Devices, appropriate subclass forcompressional wave sensing systems havingelectro-vibrational transducers and for the cor-responding transducers, per se.

416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses for electric motor drivenimpellers wherein the impeller is claimed asmore than a named load.

417, Pumps, subclasses 410.1+ for pumps havingelectric drive motors.

505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Mate-rial, Process, subclasses 150+ for high temper-ature (Tc 30 K) superconducting devices, andparticularly subclasses 166+ for motors or gen-erators.

SUBCLASSES

1 This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter relating to assemblages ofmaterials utilized in the fabrication of an elec-tric generator or motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:434, Education and Demonstration, sub-

class 380 for the teaching of the con-struction of electric motors or genera-tors.

10 This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter relating to means for con-verting electrical energy between the electricaland the mechanical state by means of an elec-tromagnetic effect.

(1) Note. Consult the classes referred to inthe search notes to this class for otherclasses having similar subject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:330, Amplifiers, subclass 58 for amplifi-

ers including a rotating dynamoelec-tric machine as the active elementthereof. See the Notes and SearchNotes thereunder.

335, Electricity: Magnetically OperatedSwitches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 220+ for electromag-net with armature.


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367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-classes 140+ for similar subject mat-ter utilized in compressional wavesensing and detecting systems.

11 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.Subject matter having a fluid which is signifi-cantly related to the apparatus in a mannerother than cooling or lubrication.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric machinery in whichthe fluid may be conductive to electricityand to dynamoelectric machinery inwhich the fluid serves as a kinetic ele-ment to exert mechanical force.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,

subclasses 92+ for the structure ofintegrating electric meters which uti-lize a conductive or genetic fluid.

376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro-cesses, Systems, and Elements, sub-classes 100+ for thermonuclear reac-tions utilizing conducting gases asfuels.

12.01 Linear: This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which a dynamoelectricdevice uses the electromagnetic effect to moveor reposition a movable element in substan-tially straight-line motion with respect to afixed element, i.e., stator, or to convert straight-line motion of the movable element into elec-trical energy.

(1) Note. The movable element is analogousto the rotor of a rotary machine, and issometimes improperly referred to as arotor.

(2) Note. Substantially straight-line motionmay include travel in a path that deviatesfrom a straight line, so long as the princi-ple of operation is the same as for purelylinear travel. For example, using adynamoelectric effect to propel a toytrain along a track arranged in an overallarcuate or circular path may be appropri-ate for this and indented subclasses if thetype of motive force utilized at each

location along the path is identical to thatused for straight-line motion providedfor in these subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:15 through 24, for a dynamoelectric

device in which a movable elementmoves in a straight line and recipro-cates back and forth.

300, for a non-dynamoelectric linear motoror generator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:104, Railways, subclass 282 for a railway

vehicle and track having a linearmotor which propels and suspends thevehicle, and subclasses 290-294 for arailway vehicle and track claimed incombination with a linear motor.

124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, sub-class 3 for an electromagnetic projec-tile propelling means.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 38, 135, and 687 for a linearmovement motor in combination witha system of electrical supply and/orcontrol.

12.02 Having structure to facilitate assembly: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter wherein an element of a lineardynamoelectric device includes a particularfeature that promotes ease, speed, or economyin the manufacture of the device.

(1) Note. Significant structural detail of alinear motor or generator must be recitedfor placement in this subclass. A nomi-nal recitation of a motor part i.e., arma-ture, stator, winding, shaft, etc., is notconsidered to be significant structure forplacement in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclasses 596

through 598 for a method of dynamo-electric machine manufacture orassembly.


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12.03 Micromachine (e.g., MEMS device, nano-technology):This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric device having extremely small overalldimensions.

(1) Note. Although the term “extremelysmall” is a relative term, no specific sizelimitation is attached to this definition.Interpretation of this term should beunderstood by the use of terms such asmicro-, nano-, MEMS, miniature, etc.,used in the description of the machine.Similarly, construction of a machineby, for example, integrated circuit tech-nology on a semiconductor wafer, shouldbe evidence for proper placement in thissubclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:40, for rotary dynamoelectric device.

12.04 Specific use device: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric device, per se, having structure specificallyadapted to perform a particular function or fora particular application.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for a lineardynamoelectric device intended to beused with a specific power supply.

12.05 X-Y positioner: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04.Subject matter that including a linear dynamo-electric motor or motor combination, per se,that simultaneously or sequentially moves anobject in mutually orthogonal directions.

12.06 Precision type (e.g., for integrated circuitmanufacture): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.05. Subject matter including an X-Y positionerhaving the ability to move an object with ahigh degree of accuracy or resolution, espe-cially for minute movements.

(1) Note. This subject matter is commonlyused where exacting movement isrequired, such as, for example, in inte-

grated circuit manufacture or similarhigh precision tasks.

12.07 Projector (e.g., rail gun): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter that includes a linear dynamo-electric motor, per se, structurally arranged forlaunching a projectile.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, sub-

class 54 for a projector.

12.08 Disk drive head motor: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04.Subject matter that includes a linear dynamo-electric motor, per se, having a structural detailparticularly suited to reposition the head of adisk drive.

(1) Note. This subclass is limited to a linearmotor subcombination, per se. Seesearch note below for placement of adisk drive motor where a structural detailof a disk drive element other than amotor is recited.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor-

age or Retrieval, for a magnetic diskdrive, especially subclasses 266.2through 267.8 for a magnetic diskdrive with linear positioning of thehead.

12.09 Rail vehicle (e.g., train, trolley):This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric motor, per se, having a structural detail par-ticularly suited to propel a device orconveyance employed for carrying persons orobjects while the device or conveyance is sup-ported for rolling or sliding movement along atrack formed of a horizontally extending bar orbars.

(1) Note. This subclass is limited to the lin-ear motor subcombination, per se, of thevehicle. See search note for such a motorcombined with other vehicle structure.


vehicle and track having a linear


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motor which propels and suspends thevehicle, and subclasses 290-294 for arailway vehicle and track claimed incombination with a linear motor.

12.11 Conveyor or elevator motor: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric motor, per se, having a structural detail par-ticularly suited to linearly drive a hoistingmachine or a apparatus for moving articles orbulk material from one place to another place.

12.12 Generator: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric device that converts linear mechanicalmovement of the movable element into electri-cal energy.

12.13 Plural dynamoelectric machines (e.g.,motors, generators): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter that including the combinationof a linear motor or generator with anotherdynamoelectric machine.

(1) Note. The other dynamoelectric machinemay be either another linear machine, orother type of dynamoelectric machine(e.g., reciprocating, oscillating, rotary,etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.05, for a plural motor X-Y positioner.300 through 371, for a non-dynamoelec-

tric device.

12.14 Motor having both linear and rotary move-ment: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including a linear motor havinga movable element being driven in a linear pathand also turned about its axis.

(1) Note. The linear and rotary movementmay involve one or more movable ele-ments.

12.15 Plural stators or movable elements: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric motor having more than one stator or morethan one movable element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.09, for a linear motor for a train.

12.16 Voice coil type: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter in which the movable elementcomprises of a winding that is linearly movableby passing a current through the winding whilethe winding is within a magnetic field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.08, for a flat linear motor specifically for

use in a disk drive.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor-

age or Retrieval, for magnetic diskdrive structure, especially subclass264.7 for a disk drive with a voice coilhead positioner.

381, Electrical Audio Signal ProcessingSystems and Devices, for loud-speaker structure, especially subclass400 for a loudspeaker having a mov-able voice coil drive.

12.17 Stepping or linear pulse type: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric device structurally arranged to linearlymove its movable element between two ormore incremental positions of rest or equilib-rium, and stop at a selected position of rest orequilibrium until an adjustment is made whichcauses movement to another incremental posi-tion of rest, i.e., stepping; or a linear dynamo-electric device that incrementally moves itsmovable element by applying a burst of mag-netic energy at successive incremental posi-tions along the linear path that forces themovable element into alignment with the mag-netic field.

(1) Note. While a linear pulse motor may beconstructed to stop or park at incremen-


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tal positions, and thereby be a steppingmotor, there is no such requirement thatit do so. It may be moved steadilybetween successive incremental posi-tions without parking until its ultimatedestination is reached.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.05, for an X-Y positioner.12.08, for a disk drive head motor.49.01 through 49.55, for a rotary stepping

motor.

12.18 Synchronous type (e.g., variable reluctance): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter wherein the speed of the mov-able element and either the frequency of thetraveling magnet field used to drive the mov-able element in a motor, or the frequency ofelectricity generated from motion of the mov-able element in a generator, are directly related.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:309 through 311, for an electrostatically

driven linear motor.

12.19 Having structure to facilitate control (e.g.,position detector): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including a linear dynamoelec-tric device with an included element providedas a subcombination of a system for regulatingor monitoring the operation of the device.

(1) Note. This subclass provides especiallyfor structure that may be a part of a con-trol system, but as subcombination struc-ture, is insufficient for placement incontrol systems. For example, a Halleffect sensor may be structurallyincluded as a position detector, but initself, does not have sufficient associatedcircuitry to be considered a control sys-tem or detection circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,

subclass 135 for electric control of alinear motor.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 49 through 98 for controlof a single generator.

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 765.01 for the testing of anassembled motor or generator notelsewhere classifiable.

12.21 Coil structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter having significant physicaldetail of a wound conductor.

(1) Note. A coil connection, e.g., terminal, isprovided for in this subclass.

(2) Note. This subclass provides for a super-conductive coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.24, for a nominal coil used as an element

of a magnet in a linear device.

12.22 Shape or spacing (e.g., multiple phase wind-ing): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.21.Subject matter including a coil having a signif-icant spatial form or contour, or plural coils orcoil sections having a significant geometric ori-entation with respect to one another.

(1) Note. The spacing of coils or coil sec-tions may be defined by their positionsas defined by pole structure. However,significant coil structure or spacing mustbe recited for proper placement in thissubclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.24, for magnet or pole structure having

only nominally recited coil structureor spacing.

12.23 Coating: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.21.Subject matter including a coil having anapplied cover layer on a winding conductor oroverall winding.

(1) Note. A coating is commonly used to,for example, insulate, encapsulate, pro-tect, or adhere a coil to a core.


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12.24 Magnet or pole structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter including significant detail ofmeans for creating a magnetic field, or a lowreluctance means to concentrate, direct or ori-ent a magnetic field (i.e., pole).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.21, for detailed structure of a coil or

winding for creating an electromag-netic field in a linear dynamoelectricmachine.

40, for details of a magnet or pole struc-ture in a rotary dynamoelectricmachine.

12.25 Size, spacing or orientation (e.g., tilted): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.24.Subject matter including a magnet or pole hav-ing a specific dimension, a specified distancebetween one another, or a specified angularposition with respect to the axis of movementof the movable element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.24, for a combination of a magnet and

pole structure reciting a significantportion of a flux path circuit.

12.26 Shape: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.24.Subject matter including a magnet or pole hav-ing a particular spatial form or contour.

12.27 Mechanical element: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter for a mechanical subcombina-tion of a linear dynamoelectric device unpro-vided for elsewhere.

12.28 Commutation: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27.Subject matter including a slidable connectionbetween a power supply and a winding.

12.29 Cooling: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27.Subject matter including means for transferringor removing heat from a linear dynamoelectricdevice or one of its components.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:16, for cooling of a reciprocating motor or

generator.52 through 65, for cooling of a rotary

dynamoelectric machine.216.014, for a cooling fin on a core having cir-

cumferentially offset laminations in arotary dynamoelectric machine.

216.056, for a cooling fin on a laminated coreof a rotary dynamoelectric machine.

216.119, for a cooling channel in the end ringof a core of a rotary dynamoelectricmachine.

227, for current collector cooling in arotary dynamoelectric machine.

417, for a rotary dynamoelectric machineend shield having ventilation holes.

12.31 Support for movable element (e.g., bearing): This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27.Subject matter including means for facilitatingproper operational positioning or spatial geo-metric relationship between a stator and mov-able element.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are, forexample, particular bearing arrange-ments, including mechanical bearings,fluid bearings and magnetic bearings.

12.32 Connection to load: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27.Subject matter including particular means forattaching a movable element of a lineardynamoelectric device to a device that is to bemoved or repositioned by the device.

12.33 Enclosure: This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27.Subject matter including a significant detail ofa housing for a linear dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:89, for a housing for a rotary dynamoelec-

tric machine.

13 Fixed and movable wound element type:This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter in which both the fixed and themovable elements of the dynamoelectric


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device are provided with current carrying con-ductors or inductor.


vehicle and track claimed in combina-tion with a linear motor having fixedand movable wound elements on thetrack and vehicle, respectively.

14 Solenoid and core type:This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01.Subject matter in which the fixed and the mov-able elements of the dynamoelectric device areconcentric and consist of a hollow winding anda plunger type armature passing thereunto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, sub-

class 3 for electromagnetic guns andprojectors.

335, Electricity: Magnetically OperatedSwitches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 255 through 264 forsimilar subject matter.

15 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.Subject matter in which the movable elementof the dynamoelectric device moves to and froalong a straight line path or along an arcuatepath which is so short as to be substantially astraight line.

(1) Note. The term reciprocating, as used inthis subclass, is limited to straight linemotion or nonstraight line motion whichis of such short extent that the interrela-tionship between the moving elements ofthe dynamoelectric device is substan-tially the same as if the motion were onlyalong a straight line path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.01 through 12.33, for straight-line

motion that is unidirectional and doesnot produce to-and-fro motion.

36+, for dynamoelectric devices whichconstrain the elements to oscillate to-and-fro motion and in which theextent of motion is such that someprovision must be made for the non-linear interaction between the rela-

tively moving elements of thedynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:30, Cutlery, subclass 45 for this subject

matter combined with a razor.84, Music, subclasses 725+ for this sub-

ject matter utilized in an electricalmusical instrument, such as an elec-tric guitar.

209, Classifying, Separating, and Assort-ing Solids, subclass 360 for this sub-ject matter combined with a vibratoryseparator.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclass 75 for this sub-ject matter in an automatic tempera-ture or humidity regulation system.

246, Railway Switches and Signals, sub-classes 225+ for this subject matter ina railway switching or signaling sys-tem.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 37, 118, 119+, 556+, and 686for this subject matter in an electricmotor control system.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 3 for this subject matter uti-lized in a single generator system.

335, Electricity: Magnetically OperatedSwitches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 87+ for this subjectmatter combined with a periodicallyactuated switch.

417, Pumps, subclasses 416+ for a recipro-cating electric motor driving a recip-rocating pump.

16 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter having means for altering thetemperature conditions of the machine.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to reciprocating motors having coolingmeans.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:52 through 65, for cooling of a rotary

electric machine, and the search notestherein, for cooling provided in sub-combination elements of an electricmotor or generator.


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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for

inductor devices with temperaturemodifying means (cooling means).

17 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter having means for performing afunction which is in addition to the function ofthe reciprocating dynamo device.

19 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.Subject matter having means for regulating therate of motion or the duration of a period ofinactivity of the reciprocating dynamoelectricdevice.


subclasses 119+ for similar subjectmatter having a significant electricalcircuit.

20 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.Subject matter having means for mechanicallytransforming the character or extent of motiondelivered by or imparted to the dynamoelectricdevice.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:74, Machine Element or Mechanism,

appropriate subclasses for mechani-cal movements for converting onetype of motion to another type ofmotion.

21 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.Subject matter in which the moving element ofthe dynamoelectric device is supported eitherby a leaf spring or by a pivot located at a dis-tance from the line of relative motion of thedynamoelectric device which is large relativeto the extent of movement.

22 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.Subject matter having a plurality of movableelements or armatures.

23 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.Subject matter in which the relatively movableparts of the dynamoelectric device are concen-tric and consist of a hollow winding and aplunger type armature passing thereunto.

24 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.Subject matter having a plurality of plungertype armatures.

25 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter in which the movable parts ofthe dynamoelectric device reciprocate orvibrate at a frequency which is determined bythe natural period of the mounting means forthe movable parts.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to reciprocating motors having a tunedreed type of armature. Generally, but notinvariably, a state of resonance existsbetween the natural period of the mov-able armature and the impulses of anelectric field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:26, for similar subject matter utilizing

magnetostrictive means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:331, Oscillators, subclass 156 for electri-

cal oscillators utilizing an electrome-chanical resonator of the vibratingreed or string type (e.g., tuning fork).

26 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter having means to producemotion or electric energy by the action of mag-netostriction.

(1) Note. Magnetostriction is a propertyexhibited by some materials whichchange their physical size or shape underthe action of magnetic fields or whichproduce magnetic fields when physicallystressed.


subclass 118 for magnetostrictivemotor systems.

331, Oscillators, subclass 157 for electri-cal oscillators utilizing an electrome-chanical resonator of themagnetostrictive type.


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333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net-works, subclass 148 and 201 for cou-pling networks having magnetostric-tive elements as parts thereof.

335, Electricity: Magnetically OperatedSwitches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclass 215 for this subjectmatter

367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-class 156 and 168 for magnetostric-tive transducers used in underwatercompressional wave production orsensing.

27 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter in which both of the relativelymovable parts of the dynamoelectric deviceinclude current carrying conductors or induc-tor.

28 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter which is of the direct connectedtype.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to reciprocating electric motors wherethe reciprocating armature is directlyconnected to a source or absorber ofmotion.

29 This subclass is indented under subclass 28.Subject matter in which the relatively movableelements of the dynamoelectric device are sup-ported by either of a leaf spring or a pivotlocated at a point remote from the line ofmotion of the dynamoelectric device whencompared to the extent of motion of the latter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:25, and 32, for this subject matter.

30 This subclass is indented under subclass 28.Subject matter in which the relatively movableparts of the dynamoelectric device are concen-tric and consist of a hollow winding and aplunger type armature passing thereunto.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:23, and 34+, for similar subject matter.

31 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Subject matter in which the relative motion ofthe elements of the dynamoelectric deviceactuates an electrical switch which controls theflow of currents to windings associated withone of such elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated

Switches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 87+ for periodic elec-tromagnetic switches.

340, Communications: Electrical, sub-classes 384.1+, especially subclasses388.7 and 397.3 for interrupter in dia-phragm and percussion type soundproducer, respectively.

32 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.Subject matter in which the movable elementof the dynamoelectric device is supported orcarried by either a reed spring or a pivotlocated at a distance from the line of motion ofa device which is large relative to the extent ofmotion of such element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:21, and 29, for this subject matter.

33 This subclass is indented under subclass 32.Subject matter having plural armatures.

34 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.Subject matter in which the relatively movableelements of the dynamoelectric device includea hollow winding and an axial plunger or coreembraced by such winding.

35 This subclass is indented under subclass 34.Subject matter having plural hollow windingsand having means to energize the plural wind-ings in sequence or at different times.

36 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.Subject matter in which the line of motionbetween the relatively movable elements of thedynamoelectric device lies along the arc of aportion of a circle and having means to accom-modate such motion, over and above the meansnecessary for relative motion along a straightline.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:15+, for dynamoelectric devices having

oscillate relative motion, but in whichthe extent of such motion does notrequire modification of the devicebecause of the nonlinearity of themotion.

40+, for dynamoelectric devices havingarcuate relative motion in which themotion exceeds 3605.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity

Regulation, subclass 75 for the sub-ject matter of that class having oscil-lating electric motors.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 37, 119+, 556, and 686 foroscillating electric motor systems.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 3 for oscillating generatorsystems.

37 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.Subject matter in which the relative motionbetween the elements of dynamoelectric deviceis communicated to a load by means ofmechanical means which alter the character oramplitude of such motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:80+, for similar subject matter.


appropriate subclasses for mechani-cal movements.

38 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.Subject matter in which the relative motion ofthe elements of the dynamoelectric device istransmitted to a load by an immediate attach-ment and without intervening transmittingparts or mechanisms.

39 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.Subject matter in which an electric switch or itsequivalent controls the flow of currentsthrough windings associated with one of therelative movable elements of the dynamoelec-tric device.


Switches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 87+ for vibratoryswitches.

340, Communications: Electrical, sub-classes 384.1+, especially subclasses388.7 and 397.3 for interrupter in dia-phragm and percussion type soundproducer, respectively.

40 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.Subject matter in which the line of motionbetween the relatively movable elements of thedynamoelectric device lies along at least 360degrees of the arc of a circle.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric devices where themotion is continuous rotation in onedirection, or where the rotation in onedirection progresses for several turnsbefore the rotation reverses in direction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:314, Electric Lamp and Discharge

Devices: Consumable Electrodes, subclasses 69+ for arc lights havingrotary electric motor means to feedthe carbons.

362, Illumination, subclass 193 for bicyclelights having an electric generatordriven by the motion of the vehicle.

417, Pumps, subclasses 410.1+ for pumpshaving rotary electric drive motors.

40.5 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter including a linkage, usuallybetween the motor and its support, to cause thecomplete motor to rotate or oscillate withrespect to its support in response to the rotarymotion of the motor rotor or armature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impel-

lers), subclass 100 for oscillatingelectric fans where significant detailsof the impeller are recited.

41 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which means are provided toimpart initial rotation to the rotary element of


1October 2010

the dynamoelectric device other than by thedynamoelectric effect.

(1) Note. The initial rotation, for example,may be effected by a hand crank.

43 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which one or more compo-nent parts of the dynamo or electric device arefabricated of a plastic nonmetal, as by a castingor pressure molding operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate

subclass for a process of working ortreating glass.

264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shap-ing or Treating: Processes, appropri-ate subclasses for methods for work-ing or shaping plastic materials.

425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shap-ing or Treating: Apparatus, appropri-ate subclasses for molding apparatusfor shaping or reshaping plastic mate-rials.

44 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which one or more of thecomponent parts of the dynamoelectric deviceare fabricated or powdered or sintered metalparticles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,

Compositions for Use Therein, Con-solidated Metal Powder Composi-tions, and Loose Metal ParticulateMixtures, subclasses 228+ for sin-tered metal powder compositions,such as those resulting from a processprovided for in Class 419, PowderMetallurgy Processes and subclasses255+ for metal containing powders.

419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, appro-priate subclasses for processes ofmaking articles by pressing and/orsintering metal particles.

45 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which one or more parts ofthe dynamoelectric device have been treatedwith liquid material so as to retain within and/or on the surface of such parts residual amountsof such liquid material.

(1) Note. The coating or impregnation, forexample, may be for the windings andmay serve to exclude or displace mois-ture therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:336, Inductor Devices, subclass 205 for

inductor having coil turns cementedor embedded in plastic.

427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ forprocesses of coating, per se, of electri-cal products.

46 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which one of the relativelymovable elements of the dynamoelectricdevice consist merely of magnetizable materialand is free of inductor or conductive windings.

(1) Note. Since the dynamoelectric effect isnecessary one of the attraction of themagnetizable material by magnetic poleinduced therein, the devices of this sub-class are generally motors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:168+, for inductor type generators.

47 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.Subject matter in which the dynamoelectricdevice is arranged to be transported or operatedwhile held in the hand.

(1) Note. Many of the motors of this sub-class are disclosed as operating hair clip-pers or moving cutter type of shavers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:50, for portable or hand held dynamoelec-

tric devices other than magneticmotors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:30, Cutlery, subclasses 43+ for dry shav-

ers.74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-

class 16 for power tables and stands.318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,

subclass 17 for this subject matterhaving a significant electric circuit.


October 2010

48 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.Subject matter in which the motor is combinedwith additional features over and above thoserequired for its operation as a motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:17+, for similar combinations with recipro-

cating type dynamoelectric devices.66+, for similar combinations with rotary

type dynamoelectric devices, otherthan magnetic motors.

49.01 Stepping: This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which the relatively movableelements are rotated in increments of less than360 degrees with respect to one anotherbetween one position of rest to another positionof rest, and stopping at each incremental posi-tion of rest until an adjustment is made whichcauses rotation to another position of rest.

(1) Note. For this and indented subclasses,where the relatively movable elementsinclude a fixed or stationary element anda movable element that rotates withrespect to the fixed element, the fixedelement will be referred to as a “stator”and the rotating element as a “rotor”,with the rotor having a rotary axis aboutwhich the rotor rotates.

(2) Note. This subclass includes, for exam-ple, a magnetic motor in the nature ofservomotor or follow-up device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.17, for a linear stepping motor.

49.02 Having a coil axially concentric to rotor axis(e.g., toroid coil): This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including an electrically con-ductive winding having a generally annular orring shape periphery, wherein the geometriccenter of said periphery is located substantiallyon the rotary axis of a rotor.

(1) Note. The axially concentric coil is com-monly mounted on a stator core of amotor surrounding the axis of the rotor.

However, the coil does not have to actu-ally surround the rotor structure, per se,for placement in this subclass. It needonly surround the longitudinal axis ofthe rotor and be axially concentric there-with.

49.03 With bias magnet to position rotor (e.g.,parking magnet, auxiliary flux): This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including a means for causing amagnet field to help restrain or pull one of therelatively movable elements into a position ofrest.

(1) Note. A bias magnet is commonly usedto “park” or secure a rotor at an incre-mental step until an adjustment is madeto cause the rotor to move to anotherincremental position of rest. Such posi-tion of rest is commonly designed toenable the restart of a motor. A bias mag-net is also commonly used as an addi-tional means of providing magnetic fluxalong with the primary coil.

49.04 Bias magnet positioned between two axiallyconcentric coils: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.03.Subject matter having two axially concentricwindings, and a bias magnet structurallyarranged between the two windings.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.06, for a rotary stepper motor having plu-

ral axially concentric coils, each coilpositioned axially adjacent to a rotor.

49.07, for a rotary stepper motor having anaxially concentric coil adjacent toeach axial end of a rotor.

49.19, for a rotary stepper motor having plu-ral axially concentric coils.

49.05 Axially adjacent to rotor end: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including an axially concentriccoil structurally arranged to surround a rotor saxis next to an axial end of the rotor withoutsurrounding the rotor structure, per se.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:154.05, and 154.06, for an axial air gap motor

or generator with a permanent magneton the stator.

156.32 through 156.37, for an axial air gapmotor or generator with a permanentmagnet on the rotor.

49.06 Plural coil and rotor combinations: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.05.Subject matter including more than one axiallyconcentric coil and more than one rotor,wherein each coil is positioned axially adjacentto an axial end of a respective rotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.07, for a stepper motor with an axially

concentric coil positioned adjacent toboth axial ends of a rotor.

156.36 through 156.37, for an axial air gapmotor or generator with multiple sta-tors and a permanent magnet rotor.

49.07 Coil axially adjacent to each end of a rotor: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.05.Subject matter including an axially concentriccoil structurally arranged to surround a rotor saxis next to each axial end of the rotor withoutsurrounding the rotor structure, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:156.35, for an axial air gap motor or generator

with two stators axially adjacent apermanent magnet rotor.

49.08 Having poles extending to opposite radialsides of rotor: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including a pair of members offerromagnetic material, each having a first endpositioned adjacent to, respectively, oppositenorth and south magnetic field ends of an axi-ally concentric coil, wherein each ferromag-netic member has a second end opposite itsfirst end, each ferromagnetic member provid-ing a low-reluctance magnetic flux pathbetween its first and second ends, the secondends (i.e., poles) being respectively positionedon opposite sides of the rotor axis adjacent a

radial face of the rotor, whereby magnetic fluxis directed perpendicular to the rotary axis.

(1) Note. The north and south magnetic endsof the coil can be provided by a pluralityof coils in a magnetic series circuit, solong as the poles are arranged to provideflux from opposite magnetic ends of thecombined coils.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.09, for a rotary stepping motor where

poles extend to opposite axial ends ofthe rotor.

49.09 Having poles extending to opposite axialends of rotor: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including a pair of members offerromagnetic material, each having a first endpositioned adjacent to, respectively, oppositenorth and south magnetic field ends of an axi-ally concentric coil, wherein each ferromag-netic member has a second end opposite itsfirst end, each ferromagnetic member provid-ing a low-reluctance magnetic flux pathbetween its first and second ends, the secondends (i.e., poles) being respectively positionedon opposite axial ends of the rotor axis adjacentan axial end face of the rotor, whereby mag-netic flux is directed generally along or parallelto the rotary axis.

(1) Note. Commonly, the rotor is posi-tioned radially inside the toroid coil,with poles of the coil extending radi-ally inward and over the axial ends ofthe rotor.

(2) Note. The north and south magnetic endsof the coil can be provided by a pluralityof coils in a magnetic series circuit, solong as the poles are arranged to provideflux from opposite magnetic ends of thecombined coils.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.08, for a rotary stepping motor where

poles extend to opposite radial sidesof the rotor.


October 2010

49.11 Having particular flux plate or yoke: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including specific structuraldetail of a low-reluctance member positionedadjacent to a magnetic pole face at an axial endof the axially concentric coil, i.e., “flux plate”;or a low-reluctance member structurallyarranged to provide a magnetic flux path fromone magnetic pole of the coil to the other pole,i.e., “yoke”.

(1) Note. A flux plate may serve as a mag-netic pole, or merely provide a flux pathfrom the coil to a separate pole attachedto the flux plate. It is commonly a rela-tively thin, flat plate or disc. A yokecommonly extends circumferentiallyaround a coil s periphery to function as aflux path between flux plates.

49.12 With alignment mechanism: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.11.Subject matter including means for structurallyorienting a flux plate or yoke in a particularposition with respect to the axially concentriccoil.

(1) Note. Alignment mechanisms commonlyinclude structural features such asnotches, protrusions, or markings, toalign the flux plates or yoke into a presetposition.

49.13 Having coil bobbin: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including specific detail of asupport or spool about which the axially con-centric coil is wound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:194, for a motor or generator spool or coil

support, per se.

49.14 Integral with pole or flux plate: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.13.Subject matter wherein the bobbin is structur-ally combined with a flux plate or pole piece ina unitary or monolithic structure.

49.15 Having interfitting poles: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including a plurality of polesextending from the north magnetic pole of thecoil and a plurality of poles extending from thesouth magnetic pole of the coil, wherein theplurality of poles are spatially arranged in sucha way as to alternate between a pole of onemagnetic polarity of the coil and a pole of theother magnetic polarity of the coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:257, for an interfitting or claw-tooth stator.263, for an interfitting or claw-tooth rotor.

49.16 Having a particular dimension: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.15.Subject matter wherein a specific size or spatialextent of one of the interfitting poles is recited.

49.17 Having a particular shape: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.15.Subject matter wherein a specific spatial formor contour of one of the interfitting poles isrecited.

49.18 With rotary to linear conversion: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including means to changerotary stepping motion about an axis to motionalong a line.

(1) Note. Such conversion may be per-formed by gearing, such as a threadedportion or worm gear inside the rotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.17, for a linear stepping motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-

class 425 for worm gearing.

49.19 Having plural axially concentric coils: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including more than one axiallyconcentric coil.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.04, for a rotary stepping motor having

two axially concentric coils with abias magnet positioned between thecoils.

49.06, for a rotary stepping motor having aplurality of axially concentric coil androtor combinations.

49.07, for a rotary stepping motor having anaxially concentric coil axially adja-cent each end of a rotor.

49.21 Having a single axially concentric coil: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02.Subject matter including only one axially con-centric coil.

49.22 Axially thin type (e.g., disk-shaped motor,planer): This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a stepping motorwherein the length along its rotary axis is smallin relation to its radial dimension.

(1) Note. An axially thin or disk-shapedstepper motor is commonly found in atimepiece such as a wristwatch, etc.

49.23 Having a particular stator feature: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.22.Subject matter including an axially thin step-ping motor having a specific structural detail ofits stationary structure or stator.

49.24 Asymmetric stator pole spacing: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23.Subject matter including an axially thin motorincluding a plurality of stator poles, whereinthe plurality of poles are spaced at various ornon-uniform distances from the rotor, thusdefining various length air gaps; or poles thatare arcuately arranged at various or non-uni-form distances with respect to one anotheraround the rotor s axis of rotation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.36, for a rotary stepping motor having a

permanent magnet rotor with axiallydirected flux path having asymmetricpoles.

49.25 Inner and outer notches: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23.Subject matter including an axially thin steppermotor having a stator including an indentationor groove on both the side of the stator or statorpole facing the rotor air gap (i.e., inner side),and on a side of the stator opposite to the sidefacing the rotor air gap (i.e. outer side).

(1) Note. The inner notch has the effect ofenlarging the air gap between the rotorand the stator at the notch position. It iscommonly used to, for example, reducecogging torque applied to the rotor.

(2) Note. The outer notch has the effect ofcreating a magnetic saturation point atthe location of the outer notch due to theconcentration of flux in a smaller statorcross section, and commonly defines aboundary location between stator poles.

49.26 Stator pole having inner notch: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23. Subject matter including an axially thin steppermotor having a pole with an indentation orgroove on the side of the pole facing the rotor.

(1) Note. The inner notch has the effect ofenlarging the air gap between the rotorand the stator at the notch position. It iscommonly used to, for example, reducecogging torque applied to the rotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.25, for an axially thin stepper motor hav-

ing both inner and outer notches.

49.27 Having integral poles: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.26.Subject matter including a stator with an innernotch, and further having a plurality of polesthat are structurally united or mechanicallyintegrated without an air gap there between.

49.28 Permanent magnet on stator: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23.Subject matter including an axially thin step-ping motor having a stator including a perma-nently magnetized portion.


October 2010

49.29 Plural separate stator core sections facingrotor: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23.Subject matter including an axially thin steppermotor having a stator with a ferromagnetic fluxconcentration means (i.e., core) comprisingmore than one distinct segment, wherein eachsegment has a portion or surface (i.e. pole face)that is structurally arranged with respect to arotor to provide an air gap between the respec-tive pole faces and the rotor, across which mag-netic flux is directed.

49.31 Two sections: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.29.Subject matter wherein the number of pluralsections comprises two sections.

49.32 Permanent magnet rotor with axiallydirected flux path: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a rotor having a per-manent magnet for creating a magnetic fluxfield therein, wherein the magnet poles of themagnet are arranged to direct a flux path alongthe rotary axis of the rotor.

49.33 Having stepping function related to a partic-ular stator winding arrangement: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32.Subject matter including a specifically recitedstructural or operational detail of an electricalconductor or plurality of electrical conductorswound on the stator for creating a magneticfield in the stator, wherein the structural oroperational detail is one that defines or governsthe angular extent of the steps of the motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.33, for a stator winding arrangement in a

reluctance-type stepper motor.

49.34 Having particular stator pole feature: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32.Subject matter including a stepping motor hav-ing an axial flux path rotor that further includesa specifically recited structural detail of a statorpole.

49.35 Shifted or skewed stator pole: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.34.Subject matter including a stator pole whereina line between the center of one axial end ofthe pole and the center of the opposite axial endof the pole is not parallel with the axis of rota-tion of the rotor.

(1) Note. A skewed pole is commonly inter-preted as a pole with an axis of symme-try that is twisted away from the rotoraxis. A shifted pole may include a seg-mented pole, where one of the segmentsis angularly shifted around the rotor saxis with respect to the other segment, sothat the line between an axial end of onesegment and the opposite axial end ofthe other segment is not parallel with therotor s axis of rotation.

49.36 Magnet in pole tooth: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.34.Subject matter including a stator pole facehaving at least one projection (i.e., tooth)extending from the pole s face into an air gapbetween the pole face and a rotor, wherein theprojection comprises a permanent magnet, orincludes a permanent magnet therein.

49.37 Having particular stator-pole to rotor-polerelationship: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32.Subject matter including a stepping motor withan axial flux path rotor that further includes aspecifically recited structural detail of an inter-relationship between a pole or poles on therotor and a pole or poles on the stator.

(1) Note. Recited structural detail mayinclude the number of poles on each ofthe rotor and stator, the pole numberratio, the relative position of the poles,etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.44, for a reluctance type stepper motor

having a particular stator pole to rotorpole relationship.


1October 2010

49.38 Having plural rotor cores of differentlengths: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32.Subject matter including a permanent-magnetaxial flux path rotor including more than oneferromagnetic element (i.e., core) for concen-trating the magnetic flux of the permanentmagnet, wherein the cores have various or non-uniform axial dimensions.

49.39 Plural rotor sections (e.g., segmented rotor): This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32.Subject matter including a stepping motor withan axial flux path rotor having two or more dis-tinct rotor segments, wherein each segmentincludes a permanent magnet.

49.41 Separated by non-magnetic spacer or airgap: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.39.Subject matter including a stepping motor withan axial flux path rotor having at least twophysically separated rotor sections with a non-ferromagnetic material arranged between thesections.

(1) Note. The non-ferromagnetic materialmay include air in the space between theseparated rotor sections.

49.42 Having dual axial air gaps: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a rotary steppingmotor including two air gaps between the rotorand the stator, wherein each gap extends paral-lel to the rotary axis of the rotor.

49.43 Reluctance type: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter wherein torque to drive a rotoris produced in the rotor by the presence of anexternal magnetic field that causes the rotor tomove until its ferromagnetic material lines upin a minimum magnetic flux resistance (i.e.,minimum reluctance) position in the magneticflux path circuit of the external magnetic field,without requiring a separately excited orinduced field in the rotor.

49.44 Having a particular stator pole to rotor polerelationship: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43.Subject matter including a reluctance-typestepping motor with a specifically recitedstructural detail of the interrelationshipbetween poles on the rotor and poles on the sta-tor.

(1) Note. Recited structural detail mayinclude the number of poles on each ofthe rotor and stator, the pole numberratio, the relative position of the poles,etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.37, for a stepper motor with a rotor axial

flux path having a particular statorpole to rotor pole relationship.

49.45 Having a stepping function related to a par-ticular stator winding arrangement: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43.Subject matter including a specifically recitedstructural or operational detail of an electricalconductor or plurality of electrical conductorswound on the stator for creating a magneticfield in the stator, wherein the structural oroperational detail is one that defines or governsthe angular extent of the steps of the motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.33, for a winding arrangement in a step-

per motor having a permanent magnetrotor with axial flux path.

49.46 Having stator with winding and permanentmagnet: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43.Subject matter in which a reluctance-type ofstepper motor has a stator that contains both amagnetic field coil and a permanent magnet.

49.47 Gearing defines stepping effect: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a stepper motor com-prising a dynamoelectric machine and amechanical mechanism having plural inter-engaging mechanical elements (i.e., gears),wherein the arcuate extent or distance of themotor s step or steps is a function of the struc-


October 2010

tural inter-engaging relationship between theplural inter-engaging elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:82, for a motor or generator that utilizes a

swash plate for motion conversion.83, for a motor or generator that utilizes a

gear for motion conversion.


class 640 and its indented subclassesfor gearing, per se.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 12 through 15 for this sub-ject matter having a significant elec-tric control circuit.

475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systemsor Components, subclasses 331through 349 for planetary gearing.

49.48 Positioned in magnetic air gap: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.47.Subject matter wherein at least one of theinterengaging mechanical elements is structur-ally arranged in an air gap between a rotor anda stator.

49.49 Pawl and ratchet type: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.47.Subject matter wherein the plural interengag-ing elements include a pivoted or sliding ele-ment (i.e. pawl) that is adapted to fall intonotches or spaces between teeth or projectionson another element (i.e., ratchet) so as to per-mit motion in only one direction.


classes 575 through 578 for ratchetand pawl gearing, per se.

49.51 Plural stators define stepping effect: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a stepper motorwherein the arcuate extent or distance of themotors step or steps is functionally related tothe structure or structural relationship of morethan one stator or stator section.

49.52 Commutator defines stepping effect: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a stepper motorwherein the arcuate extent or distance of themotor s step or steps is functionally related tothe structure or structural relationship, eitherwith respect to each other or other elements ofthe motor, of a series of electrically conductivebars on the moving element of the motor thatconnect with windings in the movable element,and slidably engage electrically conductivebrushes on the stationary element of the motor,to permit current flow between the moving andstationary elements of the motor.

49.53 Permanent magnet defines stepping effect: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a stepper motorwherein the arcuate extent or distance of themotor s step or steps is functionally related tothe structure, shape, placement or otherarrangement of a permanent magnet positionedin the motor.

49.54 Windings define stepping effect: This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including a stepper motorwherein the arcuate extent or distance of themotor s step or steps is functionally related tothe structure, shape, placement or otherarrangement of a winding or windings in themotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.33, for a stator winding arrangement in a

stepper motor having a permanentmagnet rotor with axial flux path.

49.46, for a stator winding arrangement in areluctance-type stepper motor.

49.55 Start or stop locating feature (e.g., parkingmagnet, detent): This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01.Subject matter including structure that deter-mines the position of a rotor at the beginning orend of a step.

(1) Note. Structure commonly used to per-form this function includes, for example,a parking magnet, a notch in the mag-netic circuit, or an asymmetric rotor/sta-tor shape.


1October 2010

50 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter in which the dynamoelectricdevice is arranged to be transported or operatedwhile held in the hand.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47, for portable or hand type rotary mag-

netic motors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropri-

ate subclass for a tool driving orimpacting device and including handmanipulated tool driving or impactingmeans. An electric motor described asfor tool driving is classified in Class173 if specific impact delivering rela-tionship to a tool is claimed, a passageto deliver cleansing or cooling fluid toa tool work surface is claimed or spe-cific structure of a handle to manipu-late a tool relative to work is claimed.

315, Electric Lamp and DischargeDevices: Systems, subclass 33 forelectric lamp or space dischargedevices having combined therewithsome circuit element structure such asthe generator, where the combinationis adapted to be portable.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 17 for this subject matter incombination with a significant sys-tem.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 1 for portably mounted sin-gle generator systems.

51 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter having means to inhibit, damp-out or insulate against the transmission ofsound or mechanical oscillations or vibrationsof the parts of the dynamoelectric device.


class 573 for flywheel or rotor balanc-ing means and subclass 574 for fly-wheel or rotor vibration dampingmeans.

336, Inductor Devices, subclass 100 forinductor devices such as transformers,having means to suppress vibration.

52 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter having means either to cool thedynamoelectric device or to contact a liquid orgas with the dynamoelectric device.

(1) Note. This and indented subclasses aregenerally directed to the cooling of theentire machine, and is also the residualarea for cooling not otherwise providedfor. For cooling subject matter specific toa particular subcombination element of amachine, the original classificationshould be placed into a subclass provid-ing for the subcombination element, asset forth in the following search notes.


generator. 12.29, for cooling of a linear motor or gener-

ator.216.014, for a cooling fin on a core having






SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 59

for electric locomotives having motorcoolers.

165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 47+ for astructurally installed heat exchangemeans.

336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ forinductor devices with temperaturemodifying means (cooling means).

53 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter having control means.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to electric motors having means to con-trol the amount of cooling or to controlthe amount of fluid contact.


October 2010

54 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter in which the cooling fluid orcontacting fluid is a liquid under normal atmo-spheric temperatures and pressures.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11, for this subject matter where the fluid

is a conducting or kinetic fluid andsubclass 87 for this subject matterwhere the dynamoelectric device issubmersible in a liquid.

55 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter in which the cooling fluid orcontacting fluid is a gas under normal atmo-spheric temperatures and pressures and is otherthan atmospheric air.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric devices having hydro-gen cooling means. Hydrogen has a ther-mal conductivity greater than othercommon gases.

56 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter having means to remove impu-rities from or otherwise condition the gas usedas a cooling or contacting fluid.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric devices having cool-ing means in the form of an air blastmeans and having filter means in the airpassage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:55, for this subject matter where the gas is

a nonatmospheric gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for appa-

ratus for gas separation, per se.

57 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter in which a fluid is retained inthe cooling system of a dynamoelectric devicewithout loss or replacement, so as to servemerely as a heat transfer medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 104.11+

for a heat exchanging system havingan intermediate fluent material receiv-ing and discharging heat.

58 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.Subject matter relating to the circulation ofcooling or other fluid through the dynamoelec-tric device.

(1) Note. The fluid may, for example, beforced through the dynamoelectricdevice.

59 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Subject matter having plural dynamoelectricunits, or having plural paths through which thefluid may flow.

60 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Subject matter having means integral with thedynamoelectric device for forcing fluidthrough the dynamoelectric device.

(1) Note. The means, for example, may bevanes attached to the rotor of thedynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:417, Pumps, subclasses 366+ and 410.1+

for electric motor driven pumps wherethe pump is of general utility and notused merely to cool the electric motor.

61 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.Subject matter having means in the rotor of thedynamoelectric device to provide a duct orchannel to accommodate a fluid flow along theduct or channel.

(1) Note. Frequently, for example, a radialor circumferential inclination of this ductor channel is sufficient to induce flow offluid therethrough without other meansfor maintaining the flow.

62 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.Subject matter in which the pump or other pro-pelling means for the cooling or contactingfluid is located downstream from the dynamo-electric device.


1October 2010

63 This subclass is indented under subclass 60.Subject matter in which the pump or other pro-pelling means for the cooling or contactingfluid is located upstream from the dynamoelec-tric device.

64 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Subject matter having means to facilitate, aug-ment, or modify the transfer of heat from thedynamoelectric device from the cooling fluidor between different portions of the dynamo-electric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:165, Heat Exchange, subclass 185 for a

heat transmitter (e.g., fin), per se.

65 This subclass is indented under subclass 64.Subject matter in which the means for facilitat-ing, augmenting, or modifying the transfer ofheat includes devices for maintaining parts ofthe dynamoelectric device out of contact witheach other, so that either the cooling fluid hasaccess to enlarged areas of the device or face-to-face heat transmitting contact is avoided.

(1) Note. The means for spacing the parts,for example, may provide cooling pas-sages between laminae or coils.

66 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter combined with some other typeof subject matter.

(1) Note. The search should in all appropri-ate cases be continued in the class whichrelates to the environment with whichthe dynamoelectric device is combined.

67 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter in which the other subject mat-ter is in built or incorporated into the dynamo-electric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 53

for electrical locomotives of the typein which the driving wheel is part ofthe electric motor.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 65.6 for amotor vehicle provided with an elec-tric motor for driving it and wherein

the motor may be affixed to a wheelof the vehicle.

362, Illumination, subclass 193 for bicy-cles light systems in which the bicyclelight and an electric wheel driven gen-erator are combined.

68 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter in which the other subject mat-ter is one or more electric circuit elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:318, Electricity: Motor Power Systems,

subclasses 830+ for induction motorsystems having circuit control meansbuilt into the induction motor.

69 This subclass is indented under subclass 68.Subject matter having a shaft driven switch.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to blasting generators having a shaftdriven switch.

70 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.Subject matter having a distributor or timer.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to ignition magnetos having a distributorswitch or a timer switch as an integralpart thereof.

71 This subclass is indented under subclass 68.Subject matter having connectors, terminals orlead-ins.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles,

subclasses 2+ for electric motor trac-tion systems having a system of distri-bution to energize the electric motor.

336, Inductor Devices, subclass 107 and192 for inductive devices with con-nectors or having windings with ter-minals, taps or coil conductor endanchoring means, respectively.

439, Electrical Connectors, appropriatesubclasses for a connector terminal, orlead-in, per se.

72 This subclass is indented under subclass 68.Subject matter having an impedance device.


October 2010


appropriate subclasses for electricmotors having significant electric cir-cuits.

73 This subclass is indented under subclass 68.Subject matter having illuminating devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses

for illuminating devices, per se, andfor combined structure of illuminatingand nonilluminating device.

74 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter in which the other element is aninertia or flywheel device.


classes 572+ for flywheels, per se,and for rotors, per se.

75 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter in which the other element is adrive mechanism.


SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub-

class 149 for internal combustionengines having generator ignitingdevices which are driven by theengine.

246, Railway Switches and Signals, sub-class 245 for electric railway switch-ing and signaling systems having a caractuated generator.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 9+ for this subject matterhaving a significant electric circuit.

76 This subclass is indented under subclass 75.Subject matter having a brake and a clutch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:92+, for torque transmitting electrody-

namic clutches or brakes, per se, and

for the electric control systems forthese devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,

appropriate subclass for miscella-neous clutch and brake systems.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 362+ and the other classesand subclasses referred to in thesearch notes of these subclasses forthis subject matter having a signifi-cant electric circuit.

77 This subclass is indented under subclass 75.Subject matter having a brake.

(1) Note. Consult the search notes to sub-class 76, above.

78 This subclass is indented under subclass 75.Subject matter having a clutch.


79 This subclass is indented under subclass 75.Subject matter having a shaft and armature tim-ing or phasing connection.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric devices having meansfor adjusting the space-phase of thedynamoelectric device with respect to itssource of mechanical energy or itsmechanical load.

80 This subclass is indented under subclass 75.Subject matter having motion conversionmeans.


appropriate subclasses for mechani-cal movements.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 14 for this subject matterhaving a significant circuit.

81 This subclass is indented under subclass 80.Subject matter having an unbalanced weight.

(1) Note. The subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric devices of the rotary


1October 2010

type which have an unbalanced rotor andact to produce vibratory motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclasses

67+ for subject matter utilized forkinesitherapy.

82 This subclass is indented under subclass 80.Subject matter having a swash plate.


class 60 for swash plate mechanisms,per se.

83 This subclass is indented under subclass 80.Subject matter having gearing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.47 through 49.49, for a rotary stepping

motor in which gearing defines thestepping effect of the motor.


classes 640+ for gearing, per se.318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,

subclasses 12+ and 15 for this subjectmatter having a significant electriccircuit.

475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systemsor Components, for planetary gearing.

84 This subclass is indented under subclass 80.Subject matter relating to impulse couplings.

85 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter having mechanical shields orprotectors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and

Devices, subclasses 600+ and theclasses referred to in the search notesto Class 361, subclasses 600+ forhousings for electrical apparatus.

86 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.Subject matter having a shield in the air gap.

87 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.Subject matter having means to render thedevice submersible.

88 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.Subject matter having means to render thedevice dirt, moisture or explosion proof.

(1) Note. A dynamoelectric device may berendered explosion proof by filling allvoids within the device in such mannerthat the passages are not sufficientlylarge to support a flame or explosion,because of the lose of energy from theflame or explosion by radiation to thesurrounding mass of solid material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:87, for this subject matter when submers-

ible.

89 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.Subject matter relating to housings, windowsor covers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.33, for an enclosure for a linear electric

motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula-

tors, subclasses 50+ for miscellaneousboxes and housings for electricalapparatus having only a single type ofelectrical apparatus within the box orhousing. Also consult the search notesto Class 174, subclasses 50+ forrelated art.

90 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter having means to adjust a bear-ing or an air cap or to lubricate a bearing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses for

bearings or bearings and means tolubricate the bearing.


October 2010

90.5 Magnetic bearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 90.Subject matter wherein the bearing has aninduction field.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:219, Electric Heating, subclasses 647+,

especially indented subclass 648 forelectrically heating a body while mag-netically suspending or supporting it.

250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 201+ forphotoelectric cell systems adapted foruse in magnetic suspensions.

310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc-ture, subclass 166 for means for sus-pending a body by means of an induc-tion field.

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 151 for electric meters hav-ing magnetic suspensions.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 139+ for controlcircuits for electromagnetic devices,especially subclasses 143+ or mag-netic retention.

91 This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Subject matter having supports.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, appropriate subclass for

miscellaneous supports of generalapplication.

92 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to torque transmittingclutches and brakes and the systems utilizedwith torque transmitting clutches.

(1) Note. The torque which is transmitted inthe devices of this and indented sub-classes is transmitted through themedium of an electromagnetic field.When the torque is transmitted by fric-tional contact, consult the classesreferred to below under Search Class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses

862+ for torque type dynamometers,utilized in testing, some of which uti-lize electromagnetic clutches andbrakes.

188, Brakes, for mechanical brakes. Notesubclasses 158+ for electric operatorsfor such brakes.

192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, appropriate subclasses for mechani-cal clutches and for systems utilizinga mechanical clutch as part thereof.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclass for electric motorsystems having an electromagneticclutch or brake as part thereof. Alsoconsult the extensive search notes tothe Class Definition of Class 318(note particularly the References ToOther Classes) for related art.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 12 for single generator sys-tem having an electromagnetic clutchfor connecting and disconnecting thegenerator from the source of power,and subclass 40 for similar subjectmatter and which the electromagneticclutch is utilized to control the speedof the generator.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclass 207 for electrostaticrelay circuits, such as those which uti-lize piezoelectric devices or the Win-slow effect.

417, Pumps, subclasses 223+ for pumpshaving dynamoelectric clutches forconnecting and disconnecting thepump from a source of mechanicalpower.

464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings,and Flexible Couplings for RotaryShafts, appropriate subclasses for aflexible coupling between a shaft anddriven member.

93 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Subject matter utilized for braking.


SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclass 267 for a brake or

shock absorber using magnetic flux toretard motion.

94 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Subject matter having means to automaticallycontrol it.


1October 2010


95 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.Subject matter automatically responsive tospeed.


Devices, subclasses 236+ for miscel-laneous speed controlled systems.

96 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Subject matter having drive mechanism, otherthan the torque transmitting clutch or brake.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:75+, for similar subject matter utilized in

rotary electric motors and generators.

97 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Subject matter having an output bias or resis-tance device.

98 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Subject matter having a drive motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls,

Including Engine Control, for interre-lated control between an engine and atransmission, clutch, or brake.

99 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Subject matter having gearing means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:83, for similar subject matter in rotary

dynamoelectric machinery.

100 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Subject matter having a mechanical clutch.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,

appropriate subclasses for mechani-cal clutches, per se.

101 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Subject matter having plural units.

102 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Subject matter which is adapted to be used witha generator motor.

103 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Subject matter in which the torque is transmit-ted through a magnetic field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:92, through 102, for torque transmitting

clutches in which the torque is trans-mitted through an electrostatic field orby means of the Winslow effect.

104 This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Subject matter having a shield in the air gap.

(1) Note. The shield may, for example her-metically separate the rotor from the sta-tor.

105 This subclass is indented under subclass 103.Subject matter in which the magnetic fieldinduces eddy or other induced currents.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:166+, for alternating current induction

motors.

106 This subclass is indented under subclass 105.Subject matter having a magnetic reluctancefeature.

107 This subclass is indented under subclass 105.Subject matter having collection means for theinduced currents.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:219+, for current collectors, per se.

108 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.Subject matter having means to deliver the cur-rent which is collected to an external device.

(1) Note. The external device, for example,may be a variable resistance.

109 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.Subject matter in which the external device isan electric motor.


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110 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.Subject matter in which the external device isan impedance.

111 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to the modification ofgenerated wave forms.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to wave generators and to generatorshaving a special distribution of coilwindings to obtain a specific wave form.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:84, Music, subclasses 725+ for electrical

and musical instruments having gen-erator means to generate a particularway form, such as electric organs.

112 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to plural units which arestructurally united.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to generators structurally united withexciters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems,

subclass 13 for generator systemshaving an electric motor to drive thegenerator.

323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-tion Systems, subclass 202 for bal-ancer set systems.

113 This subclass is indented under subclass 112.Subject matter relating to motor generator sets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:363, Electric Power Conversion Systems,

subclass 104 for dynamoelectricmachine converter systems havingplural structurally united units.

114 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter having plural rotary elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:112, for subject matter having plural dis-

tinct units.

115 This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Subject matter in which both the field and thearmature of a dynamoelectric device rotate.


subclass 539 for this subject matter incombination with a significant electriccircuit.

388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, subclasses 835+ for running-speedcontrol systems in which the field aswell as the armature may be rotatable.

116 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.Subject matter in which the amount of motionis limited.

117 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.Subject matter having means to mechanicallybias one or both of the rotatable elements.

118 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.Subject matter having drive mechanism tointerconnect the field and armature.


119 This subclass is indented under subclass 118.Subject matter in which the interconnectingmechanism is a fluid drive mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11, for dynamoelectric devices having a

kinetic fluid.

120 This subclass is indented under subclass 118.Subject matter in which the drive mechanism isfriction drive mechanism.

121 This subclass is indented under subclass 118.Subject matter in which the interconnectiondrive mechanism includes a mechanical ele-ment whose motion is controlled by meansother than the armature or the field.

(1) Note. The mechanical element, forexample, may be an escapement.


1October 2010

122 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Subject matter in which the mechanically con-trolled element is controlled by an additionaldynamoelectric machine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:112+, for plural units which are structurally

united.

123 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Subject matter in which the mechanically con-trolled element is controlled by means of a fric-tion brake.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:77, for similar subject matter.

124 This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Subject matter having plural short circuitedrotary elements.

125 This subclass is indented under subclass 124.Subject matter in which one of the short cir-cuited elements is of the squirrel cage type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:166+, for alternating current induction

motors having squirrel cage typerotors.


subclasses 318+ for plural inductionmotor rotor members with a signifi-cant electric circuit which mayinclude plural squirrel cage members;and subclasses 830+ for plural shortcircuited induction motor rotor mem-bers in an electric motor system con-trolled by movable motor structure.

126 This subclass is indented under subclass 114.Subject matter having plural armatures in acommon field.

127 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter having plural collectors fortransferring the current between the rotor and astationary part of the dynamoelectric device.


subclasses 495+ for miscellaneouselectric motor systems having pluralarmature or rotor windings withmeans to control the current flowingtherein.

323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-tion Systems, subclass 203 fordynamoelectric machine systems forcontrolling the voltage magnitude andplural sets of brushes.

128 This subclass is indented under subclass 127.Subject matter having both commutator andslip ring type collectors.

129 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Subject matter adapted for use as a synchro-nous or rotary converter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon-

nection Systems, subclasses 45+, 82and 151 for miscellaneous conversionsystems having rotary converters.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 719 for synchronous motorsystems wherein the synchronousmotors are self excited.

363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 102+ and 174+ for rotaryconverter systems.

130 This subclass is indented under subclass 129.Subject matter adapted to be used for pluralwire direct current systems.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to converters adapted to be used with theEdison three wire systems.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-

tion Systems, subclass 202 for bal-ancer set systems.

131 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Subject matter having plural separate armaturecircuits.


October 2010

132 This subclass is indented under subclass 131.Subject matter having a polyphase armaturewinding.

133 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Subject matter having an armature windingwhich is common to both the commutator andthe slip ring collector.

134 This subclass is indented under subclass 133.Subject matter having plural field windings.


subclass 104 for this subject matter incombination with a significant electricconversion circuit.

135 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Subject matter having means to connect thefield of the dynamoelectric device to the com-mutator collector.

136 This subclass is indented under subclass 127.Subject matter having plural commutator typecollectors.

137 This subclass is indented under subclass 136.Subject matter adapted to be used as doublecurrent direct current machines.

138 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.Subject matter in which one of the commutatortype collectors is adapted to be used as an inputand the other is adapted to be used as an output.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to the Dynamotor type machines.

139 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.Subject matter having hetro-axial excitation.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to double current direct current machineshaving cross field excitation.

140 This subclass is indented under subclass 136.Subject matter having plural armature wind-ings.






subclass 104 for this subject matter incombination with significant electricconversion circuit.

143 This subclass is indented under subclass 127.Subject matter having plural slip ring sets.

144 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.Subject matter having plural armature wind-ings.


subclass 90 for this subject matterwhen utilized in a single generatorsystem.

145 This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Subject matter having plural sets of poles.

146 This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Subject matter in which the armature windingsare polyphase windings.

147 This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Subject matter in which the slip rings are con-nected in the field circuit.

148 This subclass is indented under subclass 127.Subject matter having plural sets of brushes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:239+, and 248+, for brush holders or rigging

and for brushes, per se.


subclass 53 for single generator sys-tems wherein the generator has an oddnumber of brushes as, for example,third brush type generator.


1October 2010

323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-tion Systems, subclass 203 fordynamoelectric voltage magnitudemachines having plural sets ofbrushes in combination with a signifi-cant electrical system.




150 This subclass is indented under subclass 149.Subject matter having means for connectingthe field windings in a polyphase manner.

151 This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Subject matter having means for connectingone brush to another brush by a direct connec-tion having negligible impedance.


subclass 92 for this subject matter in agenerating system.

152 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter having a permanent magnet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49.28, for a rotary disk-type stepping motor

having a permanent magnet in the sta-tor.

49.32, for a rotary stepping motor having apermanent magnet motor with an axi-ally directed flux path.

49.36, for a rotary stepping motor having apermanent magnet in a pole tooth.

49.46, for a rotary stepping motor of thereluctance type having a stator with awinding and a permanent magnet.

49.53, for a rotary stepping motor in which apermanent magnet defines the step-ping effect.


Switches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclass 84, 92, 179, 205+, and229+ for devices comprising at leastone permanent magnet combined withan armature.

153 This subclass is indented under subclass 152.Subject matter in which the permanent magnetis combined with a flywheel.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to flywheel magneto machines.


classes 572+ for flywheels and rotors,per se.

154.01 Permanent magnet stator:This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter having at least one permanentmagnet on the stator of a dynamoelectricmachine.

(1) Note. If the field permanent magnet iscombined with a field electromagnet,then 310/181 takes precedence.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:181, For windings and core structures hav-

ing a combined permanent and elec-tromagnet.

154.02 Combined with generating coil:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is combined with a genera-tor coil on the stator.

154.03 Means for securing magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter including a specificmeans for securing at least one permanentmagnet to the stator.

154.04 Cantilevered:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is supported from one of itsends on the stator, as in a cantilevered fashion.


October 2010

154.05 Axial:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is mounted perpendicular tothe axis of rotation of the dynamoelectricmachine and provides magnetic flux into anaxial air gap which extends parallel to the axisof rotation.

154.06 Plural set of magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass154.05. Subject matter including plural sets ofpermanent magnets, which are mounted per-pendicular to the axis of rotation and providemagnetic flux into an axial air gap with therotor of a dynamoelectric machine.

154.07 Adhesive:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is secured on the stator withan adhesive, such as epoxy or thermosettingresin.

154.08 Mounted to magnetic yoke:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is mounted on a magneticyoke.

154.09 Split housing/yoke:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is secured so that it strad-dles two or more portions of the magnetic yokeor a magnetic housing of the dynamoelectricmachine.

154.11 Embedded in core or pole:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet which is inserted in a holein a magnetic core or pole of the stator, or has amagnetic core or pole formed around the per-manent magnet.

154.12 Cylindrical sleeve holder:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter including a hollow tubetype holder, i.e., cylindrical sleeve holder, otherthan a magnetic core or pole, presses at leastone permanent magnet in a radial direction tosecure the permanent magnet on the stator.

154.13 Holder with pocket for magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter including a specificholding means, other than a magnetic core orpole, having a pocket for holding at least onepermanent magnet on the dynamoelectricmachine.

154.14 Spring clip:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is secured on the stator witha spring clip positioned in a groove betweencircumferential side surfaces of at least onepermanent magnet.

154.15 Clip secured to housing:This subclass is indented under subclass154.14. Subject matter where the spring clip issecured to the housing or magnetic yoke of thedynamoelectric machine.

154.16 Axially pressing on magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter including a mountingmeans which secures at least one permanentmagnet by axially pressing against a side of atleast one permanent magnet.

154.17 Wedging between:This subclass is indented under subclass154.03. Subject matter including a wedgepositioned between the circumferential sidesurfaces of at least one permanent magnet.

154.18 With a magnetic wedge:This subclass is indented under subclass154.17. Subject matter wherein the wedge ismade of a magnetic material.

154.19 With an integral wedge:This subclass is indented under subclass154.18. Subject matter wherein the magneticwedge is integrally formed with the housing ormagnetic yoke of the dynamoelectric machine.

154.21 Permanent magnet characterized by theshape of the magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has a distinctive shape.


1October 2010

154.22 With specific dimension:This subclass is indented under subclass154.21. Subject matter wherein the shape of atleast one permanent magnet has a specificdimension.

154.23 Horseshoe:This subclass is indented under subclass154.21. Subject matter wherein the shape of atleast one permanent magnet is in the form of ahorseshoe.

154.24 Bar, square, or rectangular:This subclass is indented under subclass154.21. Subject matter wherein at least oneshape of the permanent magnet or magnets is abar, square, or rectangle.

154.25 Disk, ring, or cylinder:This subclass is indented under subclass154.21. Subject matter wherein the shape of atleast one permanent magnet is in the form of adisk, cylinder, or ring.

154.26 With means to prevent or reduce demagneti-zation (i.e. auxiliary magnetic poles):This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter including a specificmeans, i.e., auxiliary pole, to prevent or reducethe demagnetization of at least one permanentmagnet on the stator.

154.27 With an auxiliary pole extending betweenstator magnet and rotor:This subclass is indented under subclass154.26. Subject matter wherein the means toprevent and reduce demagnetization specifi-cally includes an auxiliary magnetic pole witha portion extending between at least one per-manent magnet and a rotor of the dynamoelec-tric machine.

154.28 Specific magnetization:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter including a specificmagnetization pattern in at least one permanentmagnet on the stator.

(1) Note. Asymmetrical magnet poles or avarying magnetic field intensity acrossa magnetic pole are specific magnetiza-tion patterns.

154.29 Specific position or shape:This subclass is indented under subclass154.28. Subject matter including a specificmagnetization pattern created by the placementof multiple permanent magnets or a specificmagnetization pattern created by a specificshape of at least one permanent magnet.

154.31 Single pole pair:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet on the stator produces onlya single set of magnetic pole pair on the stator.

(1) Note. This subclass relates to a dynamo-electric machine having only a singlehorseshoe shaped permanent magnet onstator with the rotor positioned betweenthe ends of the horseshoe.

154.32 Permanent magnet extends along an axis:This subclass is indented under subclass154.31. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet occupies a plane parallel toa central axis of the stator.

(1) Note. This subclass relates to a dynamo-electric machine having a horseshoemagnet with both ends of the magnetforming poles for the dynamoelectricmachine and the rest of the magnetextending in a plane parallel to the axisof rotation.

154.33 Plural rotors:This subclass is indented under subclass154.31. Subject matter including more thanone rotor in the dynamoelectric machine,wherein at least one permanent magnet on thestator provides a single magnetic pole pair foreach rotor simultaneously.

154.34 With adjustable magnet structure:This subclass is indented under subclass154.31. Subject matter wherein a magneticportion of the stator is adjustable to effect themagnetic properties of the stator.

154.35 With specific pole pieces or pole shoes:This subclass is indented under subclass154.31. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is connected to magnetic


October 2010

pole pieces or pole shoes having specificdetails.

154.36 Circumferentially spaced poles and mag-nets:This subclass is indented under subclass154.35. Subject matter wherein the pole piecesor pole shoes are aligned circumferentiallywith at least one permanent magnets.

154.37 Poles extending axially from magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass154.35. Subject matter wherein pole pieces orpole shoes extend from a surface of at least onepermanent magnet in a direction of the axis ofrotation.

154.38 Pole shoe shape:This subclass is indented under subclass154.35. Subject matter wherein the magneticpole pieces or pole shoes have a specific shape.

154.39 Different size:This subclass is indented under subclass154.35. Subject matter wherein the magneticpole pieces or pole shoes are of unequal size.

154.41 Laminated:This subclass is indented under subclass154.35. Subject matter wherein the magneticpole pieces or pole shoes are formed from lam-inated magnetic material.

154.42 Induced flux return pole:This subclass is indented under subclass154.35. Subject matter including inducedmagnetic pole on the stator which act as fluxreturns paths to at least one permanent mag-nets.

154.43 Additional permanent magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter wherein the stator ofthe dynamoelectric machine includes addi-tional permanent magnets which provide themain magnetic flux for the dynamoelectricmachine.

154.44 Additional shield or coating (non-magnetic):This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter including a non-mag-netic shield or coating formed from non-mag-netic material directly on at least onepermanent magnet.

154.45 Multiple pole pairs:This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet on the stator forms multiplemagnetic pole pairs on the stator.

154.46 With specific pole shoe pieces:This subclass is indented under subclass154.45. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is connected to magneticpoles or pole shoes having specific details.

154.47 Magnet extending between two poles:This subclass is indented under subclass154.45. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet contacts and extendsbetween two magnetic pole shoes.

154.48 Induce flux return pole:This subclass is indented under subclass154.45. Subject matter including inducedmagnetic pole in the stator acting as flux returnpaths for at least one permanent magnet.

154.49 Adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass154.45. Subject matter wherein a magneticportion of the stator structure is adjustable toeffect the magnetic properties of the stator.

155 This subclass is indented under subclass154.01. Subject matter having means, in rela-tion with the permanent magnet stator, to pro-duce a variable reluctance so that the amount ofmagnetic flux traversing a certain part of themagnetic path varies.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:168+, for this subject matter in nonperma-

nent magnet alternating current gener-ators.

156.01 Permanent magnet rotor:This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter having at least one permanentmagnet on the rotor of a dynamoelectricmachine.


subclass 146 for similar subject mat-ter utilized in electric meters.


1October 2010

156.02 Transverse flux:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein the permanentmagnet rotor of the dynamoelectric machine isused in a transverse flux machine(i.e. amachine having a stator with a single-phasetoroidal coil within a “U” -Shaped magneticcore).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:164, for details of the toroidal coil,266, for a double air gap rotor,268, for a disk shaped rotor.

156.03 With a hysteresis ring:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein the rotor ofrotor of the dynamoelectric machine has atleast one ring of a material which is subject to ahysteresis effect.

156.04 Separate portion of the rotor magnet used asa thrust bearing:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the rotor has a distinctiveportion of the magnet which produces mag-netic flux acting solely as a thrust bearing tosupport the rotor in the machine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:90.5, for details of a rotor with separate

dynamo rotor magnet and thrust bear-ing magnet.

156.05 Separate portion of the rotor magnet used asa magnet for sensing(i.e. for position or fre-quency):This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the rotor has a distinctiveportion of the magnet which produces mag-netic flux acting solely as a source of magneticflux for a rotor position sensor or rotor fre-quency sensor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:156.06, for details of a rotor with separate

dynamoelectric machine rotor mag-net and position sensing magnets with

a combined flux; 68B for details of acombined motor and rotor positionsensor;


subclass 160 for details of speed sen-sor.

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 207.11 for details of mag-netic position sensors.

156.06 Combined with flux for sensing:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein the flux fromat least one permanent magnet of the rotor iscombined with the flux from an additional per-manent magnet for a rotor position or rotor fre-quency sensor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:156.05, for details of a rotor with the dynamo-

electric machine rotor magnetacts orincludes a portion to act as a rotorposition sensor or rotor frequencysensor.

68, B, for details of a combined motorand position sensor.


subclass 160 for details of speed sen-sors

156.07 Additional flux directing magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein the rotorincludes both at least one main permanentmagnet to provide the majority of the magneticflux for the machine and an additional perma-nent magnet mounted on the rotor whichguides the magnetic flux flow from the mainpermanent magnet in a particular direction.

156.08 Mounting (such as on a surface of a shaft):This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet on the rotor is mounteddirectly on a shaft for rotation therewith.


October 2010

156.09 Keyed to shaft:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes a key and keyway between at least onepermanent magnet and the shaft.

156.11 Magnets in shaft:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is mounted physicallywithin the shaft or coaxial with the shaft struc-ture and sharing the same rotational axis as theshaft.

156.12 Mounted on a sleeve/hub:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the rotor is mounted onthe outer surface of a sleeve/hub which isbetween the permanent magnet and the shaft ofthe rotor.

156.13 Keyed to a sleeve/hub:This subclass is indented under subclass156.12. Subject matter including a key andkeyway between the magnet and the sleeve/hubto secure the magnet to the sleeve/hub.

156.14 Knurl between the sleeve/hub and a shaft:This subclass is indented under subclass156.12. Subject matter including a knurl sur-face between the sleeve/hub and the shaft ofthe rotor.

156.15 Induced flux pole on sleeve/hub:This subclass is indented under subclass156.12. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is mounted on the sleeve/hub in which additional magnetic poles areinduced by the magnetic flux of the permanentmagnet mounted on the sleeve/hub.

156.16 Spring mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass156.12. Subject matter including at least oneresilient element such as a coil spring or a leafspring to secure the permanent magnet to thesleeve/hub.

156.17 Spring mounted flux shunt:This subclass is indented under subclass156.16. Subject matter including means formounting at least one magnetically soft ele-

ment on a resilient support which allow themagnetically soft element to be moved in prox-imity to at least one permanent magnet.

156.18 With a threaded fastener:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the assemblyfor mounting at least one permanent magnet ofthe dynamoelectric machine to the rotorincludes at least one threaded fastener such as abolt or screw.

156.19 With a wedge:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes at least one wedge applying pressureto at least one permanent magnet to secure it inplace on the rotor.

156.21 With an adhesive:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes an adhesive such as epoxy or thermo-setting resin for securing at least one perma-nent magnet to the rotor.

156.22 With an axial end clamp:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes at least one element applying axialpressure to the end of at least one permanentmagnet to secure it on the rotor.

156.23 With casting material around the magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes a casting material or potting materialenveloping at least a portion of at least one per-manent magnet to secure it to the rotor.

156.24 Including a spring mount to modify a flux:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein a portion ofthe rotor is spring mounted to be movable toadjust the position of the permanent magnet soas to modify a flux in the air gap between therotor and a stator of the dynamoelectricmachine.

156.25 Having radially magnetized and axially off-set magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the rotorincludes a plurality of permanent magnets


1October 2010

which are radially magnetized and axially off-set relative to one another.

156.26 Mounted on a bell shape hub:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is secured to an inner orouter surface of bell shaped hub to form therotor.

156.27 With thermal compensation:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter including an element tocompensate structural changes caused by tem-perature variations experienced by at least onepermanent magnet and rest of the rotor.

156.28 Sleeve covering magnet face:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes a sleeve, extending over the magneticface of at least one permanent magnet andholding at least one permanent magnet on therotor.

156.29 Sleeve parallel to magnetic face:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes a sleeve, extending around the sides ofat least one permanent magnet to hold at leastone permanent magnet on the rotor.

156.31 Banding around magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass156.08. Subject matter wherein the mountingincludes multiple wrappings of a band tosecure the magnet on the rotor.

156.32 Including an axial air gap:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the rotor is oriented toprovide an axial magnetic air gap between therotor and a stator the dynamoelectric machine.

156.33 With pole shoes:This subclass is indented under subclass156.32. Subject matter including pole piecesor pole shoes in physical contact and magneticcontact with at least one permanent magnet.

156.34 With a stator between a rotating flux returnplate and rotor magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass156.32. Subject matter wherein the stator issandwiched between the permanent magnetrotor and a flux return plate.

156.35 With single rotor magnet and plural stators:This subclass is indented under subclass156.32. Subject matter wherein the permanentmagnet rotor is sandwiched between a pair ofstators.

156.36 With plural sets of rotating magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass156.32. Subject matter wherein the permanentmagnet rotor includes plural axially spaced setsof rotating permanent magnets.

156.37 With single stator and plural sets of rotatingmagnets:This subclass is indented under subclass156.36. Subject matter wherein the stator issandwiched between two sets of rotating per-manent magnets of the rotor.

156.38 Specific shape:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has a distinctive shape.

156.39 Horseshoe:This subclass is indented under subclass156.38. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has a horseshoe shape.

156.41 Triangular:This subclass is indented under subclass156.38. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has a triangular shape.

156.42 Star:This subclass is indented under subclass156.38. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has a star shape.

156.43 Specific magnetization:This subclass is indented under subclass156.38. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has a specific magnetizationpattern.


October 2010

156.44 Different pole width:This subclass is indented under subclass156.43. Subject matter wherein the physicaldimensions of at least one permanent magnetcreate form the magnetic poles of unequal sizeon the rotor.

156.45 Specific dimensions:This subclass is indented under subclass156.43. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet has specific dimensionssuch as arc length, thickness, width or axiallength which effects the pattern of the magneticflux emanating from at least one permanentmagnet.

156.46 Shaped to vary air:This subclass is indented under subclass156.43. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the dynamoelectricmachine includes a specific shape to vary thephysical dimensions of the working air gapbetween the rotor and a stator of the dynamo-electric machine.

156.47 Skewed:This subclass is indented under subclass156.43. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnets of the dynamoelectricmachine is arranged such that the magneticpoles of the rotor are displaced in a circumfer-ential direction over the axial length of therotor.

156.48 Pole shoes or pole pieces:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the dynamoelectricmachine includes pole pieces or pole shoes inphysical contact and magnetic contact with thepermanent magnets.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:156.33, for permanent magnet dynamos with

pole shoes and an axial air gap withthe stator field coils.

156.49 Radial flux path and radially positioned poleshoes:This subclass is indented under subclass156.48. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is radially magnetized with

pole pieces or pole shoes disposed radially withrespect to at least one permanent magnet.

156.51 Laminated pole shoes and multiple polepairs:This subclass is indented under subclass156.49. Subject matter wherein multiple mag-netic pole pairs are formed on the rotor by atleast one permanent magnets, having laminatedpole pieces or pole shoes in physical contactand magnetic contact with at least one perma-nent magnet.

156.52 Laminated pole shoes with single pole pair:This subclass is indented under subclass156.49. Subject matter wherein a single mag-netic pole pair is formed on the rotor by at leastone permanent magnet, having laminated poleshoes in physical contact and magnetic contactwith at least one permanent magnet.

156.53 Embedded in a core:This subclass is indented under subclass156.49. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the dynamoelectricmachine is embedded in a magnetic core whichforms the rotor of the machine.

156.54 Induced flux return poles:This subclass is indented under subclass156.53. Subject matter including induced fluxreturn poles formed on the core.

156.55 Circumferential flux path and circumferen-tial pole shoes:This subclass is indented under subclass156.48. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the dynamoelectricmachine are circumferentially magnetized withpole pieces or poles shoes disposed circumfer-entially with respect to at least one permanentmagnet.

156.56 Embedded:This subclass is indented under subclass156.55. Subject matter wherein the pole piecesor pole shoes are formed by embedding at leastone permanent magnet in a core.

156.57 With slots or holes to guide flux:This subclass is indented under subclass156.55. Subject matter wherein the polepiecesor pole shoes include slots or holes to guide theflux.


1October 2010

156.58 Different size pole shoes:This subclass is indented under subclass156.55. Subject matter wherein the pole piecesor pole shoes are of different sizes.

156.59 Pole shoes fixed to hub or shaft:This subclass is indented under subclass156.55. Subject matter wherein the circumfer-entially positioned pole pieces or pole shoesare fixed to a hub or shaft of the rotor.

156.61 Pole shoes fixed with end plates:This subclass is indented under subclass156.55. Subject matter wherein the circumfer-entially positioned pole pieces or pole shoesare fixed to axial end plates of the permanentmagnet of the rotor.

156.62 Axially magnetized with poles shoes at oneend:This subclass is indented under subclass156.48. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is axially magnetized withpoles pieces or pole shoes positioned at onlyone axial end of the permanent magnet.

156.63 Laminated pole shoes:This subclass is indented under subclass156.62. Subject matter wherein the pole piecesor pole shoes are laminated.

156.64 Axially magnetized with poles shoes at bothends:This subclass is indented under subclass156.48. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet is axially magnetized withpole pieces or pole shoes positioned at bothaxial ends of the permanent magnet.


156.66 Claw poles/interfitting poles/lundel:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the dynamoelectricmachine includes interfitting/claw-pole/lundeltype pole pieces or pole shoes.


156.68 Poles formed by magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass156.66. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet forms the interfitting/claw-pole/lundel poles.

156.69 Plural sets of claw poles:This subclass is indented under subclass156.66. Subject matter wherein the rotorincludes multiple sets of interfitting/claw-pole/lundel poles arranged in the axial direction.

156.71 Claw poles extend in the same axial direc-tion:This subclass is indented under subclass156.66. Subject matter wherein the interfit-ting/claw-pole/lundel poles extend in the sameaxial direction with respect to the rotor.

156.72 Additional support for magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass156.66. Subject matter wherein the rotorincludes additional support for at least one per-manent magnet, such as a support ring radiallypositioned between at least one permanentmagnet and the interfitting/claw-pole/lundelpoles.

156.73 Additional support for claw pole tips:This subclass is indented under subclass156.66. Subject matter wherein the rotorincludes additional support for the tips of theclaw-poles/interfitting/lundel poles.

(1) Note. The term “claw pole” refers tomagnetic poles formed on the rotor withinterfitting poles which extend axiallyfrom a central structure.

156.74 Damping features:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter including an electricalconductor to protect against demagnetizationof at least one permanent magnet of the rotor.


October 2010

156.75 Damper plate on magnetic face:This subclass is indented under subclass156.74. Subject matter wherein the electricalconductor to protect against demagnetizationof the permanent magnets of the rotor is a platemeans provided on the face of the permanentmagnet.

156.76 Damper in pole pieces:This subclass is indented under subclass156.74. Subject matter wherein the electricalconductor is a damper winding positioned inpole shoes/pole pieces on the face of at leastone permanent magnet.

156.77 Damper cage around magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass156.74. Subject matter wherein the electricalconductor is a damper cage around the periph-ery of at least one permanent magnet.

156.78 Squirrel cage:This subclass is indented under subclass156.01. Subject matter including a squirrelcage type winding on the rotor in addition to atleast one permanent magnet.

156.79 Including laminated ring:This subclass is indented under subclass156.78. Subject matter wherein the squirrelcage winding is formed in a laminated ring ofmagnetic material.

156.81 Magnet positioned between squirrel cageand stator:This subclass is indented under subclass156.78. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the rotor is positionedbetween the squirrel cage winding and a statorof the dynamoelectric machine.

156.82 Axially positioned magnets:This subclass is indented under subclass156.78. Subject matter wherein at least onepermanent magnet of the rotor of the dynamo-electric machine are axially positioned withrespect to a magnetic core of the rotor.

156.83 Including a flux barrier:This subclass is indented under subclass156.78. Subject matter wherein the squirrelcage type winding includes a feature to blockor guide the magnetic flux in the rotor.

156.84 Flux barrier is a magnet:This subclass is indented under subclass156.83. Subject matter wherein the flux barrieris an additional permanent magnet which is dif-ferent from at least one permanent magnet ofthe rotor.

157 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter which is vertically disposed.

158 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to universal motorswhich will operate with either alternating cur-rent or direct current sources.


subclass 245 and 246+ for universalmotor systems.

159 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to alternating currentrotary dynamoelectric devices.

160 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter relating to frequency convert-ers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:127+, for this subject matter having plural

collectors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:84, Music, subclasses 725+ for this sub-

ject matter in an electrical musicalinstrument, such as an electric organ.

191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclass 7 for this subject matter in adistribution system utilized for trans-mitting electricity to a moving vehiclefrom a stationary point.

363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 157+, especially sub-classes 174+ for this subject matter ina conversion system.

161 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter relating to dynamoelectricmachinery for shifting the phase of the alternat-ing current.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-

tion Systems, subclasses 201 through204 for this subclass matter in aphase control system.

162 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter relating to synchronousdynamoelectric machinery.


subclasses 700+ for this subject mat-ter in a synchronous motor system.

163 This subclass is indented under subclass 162.Subject matter of the reaction type.

164 This subclass is indented under subclass 163.Subject matter having a toroidal coil.

165 This subclass is indented under subclass 162.Subject matter having an electromagnetic coilwhich is adapted to be energized by direct cur-rent.

166 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter of the induction motor or induc-tion generator type.


subclasses 727+ for induction motorsystems.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 47 for induction generatorsystems.

167 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter having means to start a dynamo-electric machine, which is utilized as a motor,by the use of repulsion starting.


subclasses 725+ for repulsion motorsystems; and subclass 728 for repul-sion start induction motor systems.

168 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter relating to inductor type genera-tors wherein the magnetic circuit is varied byvarying the reluctance of said magnetic circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:155, for this subject matter having a per-

manent magnet in the magnetic cir-cuit.


subclass 47 for induction type genera-tor systems.

169 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Subject matter relating to high frequency gen-erators.

(1) Note. The high frequency is obtained,for example, by the use of saw toothreluctance type rotor, which is rotated ata high rate of speed.

170 This subclass is indented under subclass 169.Subject matter relating to multi-frequency gen-erators.

171 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter relating to induction generators.

(1) Note. An induction generator is a syn-chronous motor which is either selfexcited by connecting a large condenserin its output circuit or by driving it abovesynchronous speed while connected toan energized circuit.

172 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Subject matter relating to shifting field typeinduction motors.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to the shaded pole type of inductionmotor in which, although only a singlephase of current is connected to themotor, a true rotating field is obtained bythe use of pole faces which are partlyfree and partly surrounded by a short cir-cuited coil.


subclass 750 for reversing shadedpole induction motor systems; andsubclasses 781+ for shaded poleinduction motor systems.


October 2010

173 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Subject matter having a commutator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:127+, for this subject matter having plural

commutators.167, for this subject matter in an induction

motor.


subclasses 725+ for repulsion motorsystems and subclasses 244+ for otheralternating current motor systems inwhich the motor has a commutator.

174 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.Subject matter for use with a single phase ofalternating current.

175 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.Subject matter in which the armature windingsare conductively connected to the source ofenergy.

176 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.Subject matter in which the armature windingis connected to the source of energy by meansof transformer action.

177 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to direct currentdynamoelectric machines.

178 This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Subject matter relating to homopolar dynamo-electric machines.

(1) Note. A homopolar dynamoelectricmachine is one in which the movingarmature conductor is not in the form ofa coil, but is rather in the form of onehalf of a single turn. Generally, this isachieved by utilizing a disk or a cylinderas the coil with pairs of brushes to con-duct the current from and to the conduc-tor at spaced points.


subclass 253 for homopolar motorsystems.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 48 for this subject matter uti-lized in a generator system.

179 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to windings and corestructure.


subclasses 76.11+ for the structure ofintegrating electric meters having arotary portion which operates in themanner of an electric motor.

335, Electricity: Magnetically OperatedSwitches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 220+ for the struc-ture of electromagnets.

336, Inductor Devices, appropriate sub-classes for the structure of inductorand inductive reactors.

180 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter relating to field or excitationwindings or core structure.


subclasses 521+ for electric motorsystems having means to control thefield.

181 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter having a combined permanentand electromagnet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:152+, for permanent magnet machines.


subclass 46 for generator control sys-tems in which the generator has acombined permanent and wound fieldstructure.

335, Electricity: Magnetically OperatedSwitches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 229+ for devices withelectromagnets combined with perma-nent magnets having an armature.


1October 2010

182 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter having a short circuited windingor conductor.


inductive devices having closed coilsor single conductor members (e.g.,rings, bands, discs, etc., of conductivematerial).

183 This subclass is indented under subclass 182.Subject matter having a damper type winding.

(1) Note. A damper winding is a windingwhich acts to absorb higher frequenciesof magnetic flux by ohmic dissipation orby the generation of induced currentswhich oppose the higher frequencies offlux.



subclasses 63+ for this subject matterin a single generator system.

363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 104 for this subject matter incombination with a significant electricconversion circuit.

185 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.Subject matter having plural sets of poles.

186 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.Subject matter in which one of the plural fieldwindings is an interpole, compensating or neu-tralizing pole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:185, for this subject matter when associ-

ated with plural independent sets ofpoles.


subclasses 521+ for this subject mat-ter in an electric motor system.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 64 through 66 for this sub-ject matter in a single generator sys-tem.

187 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.Subject matter having a slotted or divided pole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:172, for split phase induction motors hav-

ing a divided pole, one half of whichis surrounded by a short circuitingconductor.

182+, for field structure having short cir-cuited windings or conductors, someof which are set into slots in the polefaces.

188 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.Subject matter relating to differentially relatedfield windings.

189 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter in which the field coil has avariable length or a tapped winding.


subclass 71 for this subject matter in asingle generator system.

336, Inductor Devices, subclass 150 forinductor tap changing means.

388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, subclasses 835+ for running-speedcontrol systems in which the length ofthe field winding may be varied.

190 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter having a magnetic shunt forshifting the field flux.


Switches, Magnets, and Electromag-nets, subclasses 220+ for miscella-neous magneto-mechanical deviceswhich may utilize flux shuntingmeans, see especially subclasses236+.

336, Inductor Devices, subclass 133 and160+ for inductive devices withadjustable magnetic shunts and induc-


October 2010

tive regulators with magnetic shunts,respectively.

191 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter having adjustable magneticstructure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:190, for the subject matter where the

adjustable structure is a magneticshunt.


subclasses 538+ for electric motorsystems in which the motor structureis controlled or adjusted. Consult thesearch notes to these classes forrelated art.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 49+ for a single generatorsystem in which the magnetic struc-ture of a generator is controlled oradjusted.

336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 132+ forinductive devices having plural coreparts which are relatively adjustable.

192 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter having nonmagnetic inserts orair gaps in the field or winding structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 135+,

165 and 178 for core structure withadjustable air gap, an air gap in themagnetic shunt of an inductive regula-tor and inductive devices havingclosed cores with air gaps, respec-tively.

193 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter having a nonuniform core crosssection.


inductive regulators of the saturabletype having nonuniform core crosssections, where a part of the core, hav-ing a small cross section, saturatesbefore other parts of the core, havinglarger cross sections, saturate.

194 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.Subject matter relating to coil supports andspools.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:336, Inductor Devices, subclass 185 and

208 for coil supports for plural coilwindings and coils on preformed sup-ports or mounts (for single coil wind-ings), respectively.

195 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter relating to armature or primarywindings or core structure.


subclasses 134+ for the structure ofarmatures utilized in integrating typeelectric meters.

196 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter relating to the prevention ofcorona discharges.


tors, subclasses 140+ for insulatorshaving means to distribute a voltagestress along the insulator.

336, Inductor Devices, subclass 70 for coilcapacitance modifying surge poten-tial gradient modifying means.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 212+ for the dis-charging of static electricity.

197 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter having a short circuited windingor conductor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:166+, for complete induction motors.


inductive devices having closed coilsor single conductor members (e.g.,rings, bands, discs, etc., of conductivematerial).


1October 2010

198 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter having plural windings.



322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 90 for this subject matter in asingle generator system.

199 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.Subject matter relating to combined stationaryand rotary windings.

200 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter having a variable length or atapped winding.


subclass 93 for this subject matter in asingle generator system.

336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 137+ foradjustable inductor having means tochange the coil length or connections.Note especially indented subclass 150for that subject matter having tapchanging means. Also see subclass 15for inductive devices with variablelength coils, whose length variesthrough winding and/or unwinding ofthe coil.

201 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter in which the winding conduc-tors are in the form of bars.

202 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter in which the winding conduc-tors are in the form of open windings.

(1) Note. An open winding is a winding ofthe type in which, starting from a givenpoint, it is not possible to reach thatgiven point again by continuously goingalong the winding in only one direction.

203 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter relating to closed windings.

(1) Note. A closed winding is a winding ofsuch type that it is possible to arrive at

any point by leaving that point and tra-versing the winding continuously in onlyone direction.

204 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.Subject matter relating to equalizers or equal-izer windings.

205 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.Subject matter relating to multiplex windings.

206 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.Subject matter relating to lap windings.

207 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.Subject matter relating wave windings.

208 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter relating to coils.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:194, for similar subject matter.

209 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.Subject matter relating to adjustable magneticstructure.


subclasses 538+ for the subject matterin electric motor systems.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 49+ for this subject matterin a single generator system.

336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 132+ forinductive devices having plural coreparts which are relatively adjustable.

210 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter relating to secondary windingsor conductors.

(1) Note. A secondary winding or conductoris one in which current is induced bytransformer action.

211 This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Subject matter relating to squirrel cage typesecondary windings.

212 This subclass is indented under subclass 211.Subject matter having inherently variableimpedance at variable frequencies.


October 2010

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to squirrel cage rotors in which the rotorbars are in the form of ribbons, set indeep slots so that the inductive reactanceof the different portions of a ribbon aredifferent. This subclass also relates, forexample, to double squirrel cage typerotors.

213 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter relating to antiparasitic conduc-tors.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to the elimination of skin current effectsin dynamoelectric machine windings; inwhich, due to the action of differentinherent reactances in different parts of acommon conductor the current is causedto concentrate in one part of the conduc-tor with resulting excess heating. Suchcurrent concentration and excess heat-ing can be avoided, for example, bydividing these conductors into a pluralityof parallel members which are twistedabout each other and insulated from eachother everywhere except by their ends,where they are conductively joined.


tors, subclass 114 for split or imbri-cated conductors, per se.

214 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter relating to coil retainers or slotclosers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.099 through 216.103, for a magnetic ele-

ment for bridging adjacent pole ends.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-

cles, subclasses 544+ for stock mate-rials, e.g., of indefinite length, whichare all metal or have adjacent metalcomponents.

215 This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter relating to slot liners.


inductor devices (e.g., transformersand inductive reactors) having sup-porting or spacing means between coiland core.

216.001 Core: This subclass is indented under subclass 179.Subject matter including specific structuraldetail of an element comprising a ferromag-netic material for concentrating magnetic fluxalong a low-reluctance flux path.

(1) Note. The core is commonly inductivelycoupled with a source of magneticenergy, and directs the flux from thesource along a predetermined path in amotor or generator where the energyinteracts with other elements of themachine to produce motion or electricalenergy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 210

through 213 , 216-219, 233, and 234for magnetic core structure for use inan inductor, of which subclasses 233and 234 is the general subclass for acore not elsewhere classified.

216.002 Pole-less core (i.e., slotless, toothless): This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a magneticcore accommodating a winding thereon, thecore lacking any pole extending therefrom.

(1) Note. The winding is commonly placedagainst a smooth-surfaced core insteadof wound around a core extension ortooth.

216.003 Wire core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a core com-prised of an elongated slender rod or filamentof magnetic material that is wound or coiled inplural turns, or bunched together in a mannersufficient to build the desired core cross-sec-tion.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.004 through 216.066, for laminated core

structure.

216.004 Laminated core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a core con-structed of a plurality of superposed, thin lay-ers (i.e., sheets) of magnetic material joinedtogether into a unitary structure.

(1) Note. The plurality of layers may beformed from plural sheets of materialsuperposed on one another, or a singlesheet of material folded or wound onitself to form plural superposed layers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.03, for a wire core.216.057 through 216.063, for a laminated

pole. 216.064, for a laminated pole tip.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:336, Inductor Devices, subclass 210 for an

inductor core structure with means forfastening plural parts of the core orthe core laminations into a single inte-gral core; and subclass 213, for aninductor core structure formed of acontinuous, wound strip or filament ofmagnetic material.

216.005 Having winding lead accommodation struc-ture: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore with a means in the form of a recess, slot,channel or other passage on or through a por-tion of the core, for the specific purpose of con-taining an electrical conductor (i.e., lead)extending from a winding associated with thecore.

216.006 Having particular grain orientation: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a lamination comprised of a sheetof ferromagnetic material having magneticcrystals (i.e., grains) aligned in generally thesame direction or in a predetermined direc-

tional pattern, or a specified relationship of acrystal orientation of one lamination withrespect to that of another lamination.

216.007 Plural laminated segments radially united: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including at least twodistinct sets of laminated core sections com-bined to form the core, wherein one section ispositioned at a greater distance from the rotoraxis than the other core section.

(1) Note. The core sections are commonlycomprised of, for example, annularshaped sections of increasing diameter,wherein the sections are joined togethergenerally along a circumferential borderof each section having a common radiuswith the other section.

216.008 Plural axially laminated segments circum-ferentially united: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including at least twodistinct sets of laminated core sections com-bined to form the core, each section havinglaminations stacked in a direction parallel tothe rotor axis, wherein one section is generallypositioned at a similar distance from the rotoraxis as the other core section, and joined to theother core section along a boundary in commonwith a radial line directed away from the rotoraxis.

(1) Note. This subclass includes, for exam-ple, two axially-laminated C-core sec-tions united face-to-face at theirrespective open ends; but it is not so lim-ited to only two such arcuate sectionsjoined together to form the core.

216.009 Having particular mating joint structure: This subclass is indented under subclass216.008. Subject matter including a core hav-ing a plurality of axially laminated sections cir-cumferentially united, wherein there is arecited structural detail of the connectionbetween the two sections.

216.011 Circumferentially offset laminations: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a plurality of laminations having acommon structural feature, wherein the lami-


October 2010

nations are stacked in such a way that the fea-ture in one of the laminations is not axiallyaligned with the like feature in the other lami-nation.

(1) Note. A laminated structure in this sub-class commonly has similar laminations,where each lamination is rotated in theplane of the lamination with respect tothe like feature of a mating lamination.However, it is not required that the lami-nations be identical.

216.012 Offset pole teeth: This subclass is indented under subclass216.011. Subject matter including a laminatedcore including a lamination having a radiallyextending pole tooth as the common structuralfeature that is circumferentially offset from acorresponding pole tooth in a mating lamina-tion.

216.013 Having axially extended spirally-laminatedcore: This subclass is indented under subclass216.011. Subject matter including a laminatedcore wherein a lamina is helically wound botharound and along an axis along a path similarto a screw thread, so that laminations formedby each turn are stacked in the axial directionof the axis.

(1) Note. The common structural feature iscommonly formed at a plurality of posi-tions on the lamina, wherein the distancebetween common features is such thatthe common features of adjacent turnsdo not axially align with one anotherafter the lamina is wound into a core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.041, through 216.044, for an axially

extending spiral lamination.216.046, and 216.047, for having radially

stacked laminations by spiral wind-ing.

216.014 Offset cooling fins: This subclass is indented under subclass216.011. Subject matter including a laminatedcore including a lamination including a portionwith a ventilation passage there through as thecommon structural feature that is circumferen-

tially offset from a corresponding ventilationpassage in a mating lamination.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.29, for cooling of a linear motor or gener-

ator.16, for cooling of a reciprocating motor or

generator.52 through 65, for of a rotary dynamo-

electric machine, especially subclass64, for a heat exchange structure in adynamoelectric machine.

58+, for general cooling in a dynamoelec-tric machine by circulation of a cool-ing fluid, especially subclass 64, for aheat exchange structure in a dynamo-electric machine.

216.056, for a cooling fin defining an outerperipheral shape of a laminated core.





heat exchanger fin, per se.

216.015 Plural diverse elements: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore constructed of more than one element orsection of distinct or unlike form or qualities.

(1) Note. The unlike form or qualities maybe among differences in shape, size, ormaterial, etc., but is not so limited; and/or may include a core section that is notlaminated, for example.

216.016 Diverse laminations: This subclass is indented under subclass216.015. Subject matter including a laminatedcore in which the diverse elements are dissimi-lar laminations.

(1) Note. The plural different laminationsmay be diverse in their shapes, size ormaterial.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.017, for a laminated core having both mag-

netic and nonmagnetic laminations.

216.017 Magnetic and nonmagnetic laminations: This subclass is indented under subclass216.016. Subject matter including a laminatedcore in which the diverse elements are a lami-nation of magnetic material and a lamination ofnon-magnetic material.

(1) Note. The magnetic and nonmagneticlaminated sheets may be stacked in analternating sequence, or a portion of thelaminated core may be formed by agroup of laminated sheets of materialthat differs from the material in a differ-ent portion of the core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.016, for a laminated core having diverse

laminations other than magnetic/non-magnetic differences.

216.018 Different thicknesses: This subclass is indented under subclass216.016. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a plurality of laminations thatinclude a lamination of a first thickness and alamination of a second thickness different fromthe first thickness.

216.019 Having diverse shapes to accommodate coilcontour: This subclass is indented under subclass216.016. Subject matter including a laminatedcore formed with a plurality of laminations,wherein at least one of the laminations isshaped differently than at least one of the otherlaminations in an area where a winding is posi-tioned, to provide a winding engaging surfacethat is variously shaped to mirror that of avarying surface shape of, or any bends in, thewinding.

216.021 E-shaped: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a coreformed of stacked laminations, wherein theperipheral shape of the lamination sheets, and

that of the resulting core formed therefrom,resembles the letter “E” of the alphabet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.023 through 216.039 , for a C- or U-

shaped laminated core.216.055, and 216.056, for a laminated core

having a particular outer peripheralshape.

216.022 Having winding on center leg and magneti-cally coupled poles: This subclass is indented under subclass216.021. Subject matter including a laminatedE-shaped core having a winding wound aroundthe center extension, wherein the two outerextensions are magnetically connected.

(1) Note. The core may be comprised, forexample, of two E-type cores arrangedface-to-face in a mirror image arrange-ment where the two outer extensions aremechanically or magnetically connectedto one another, with a winding aroundeach respective center extension.

216.023 C- or U-shaped core: This subclass is indented under subclass 216.004. Subject matter including a core formedof stacked laminations, wherein the peripheralshape of the laminations, and that of the result-ing core formed therefrom, resembles the letter“C” or “U” of the alphabet, or having two sidelegs extending from each end of an arcuate sec-tion or “middle bend.”

(1) Note. Each lamination may include plu-ral sections, so long as the sections com-bined in each lamination layer resemblesthe letter “C” or “U”, such as found in asplit core that, when unified, resemblessaid letters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.021,and 216.022, for an E-shaped lami-

nated core.216.055,and 216.056, for a laminated core

having a particular outer peripheralshape.


October 2010

216.024 Plural cores unified by magnetic couplingbetween poles, with a winding around themiddle bend of each core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including more thanone C- or U-shaped core, where the poles ofeach core are magnetically coupled to the polesof the other core to connect the cores togetherinto a unitary core, and a winding is locatedaround the middle bend portion of each core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.026, for two unified C- or U-shaped cores

magnetically coupled together.216.027, for similar structure in which struc-

tural coupling between poles is per-formed by a non-magnetic material.

216.032, for two unified C- or U-shaped corescoupled at the poles via a spring.

216.025 Two cores: This subclass is indented under subclass216.024. Subject matter wherein the numberof plural cores is two.





216.026 Two cores unified by magnetic couplingbetween poles, with a winding on each sideleg of each core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.23. Subject matter including two C- or U-shaped cores, where the poles of each core aremagnetically coupled to the poles of the othercore to connect the cores together into a unitarycore, and a winding is located around on eachside leg of each core.


magnetically coupled together.

216.027, for similar structure in which struc-tural coupling between poles is per-formed by a non-magnetic material.


216.027 Two cores unified by structurally coupledpoles, with a winding around the middlebend of each core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including two C- orU-shaped cores, where the poles of each coreare structurally coupled to the poles of theother core to connect the cores together into aunitary core, and a winding is located aroundthe middle bend portion of each core.


magnetically coupled together.216.026, for two unified C- or U-shaped cores


coupled at the poles via a spring.

216.028 Having centrally-supported arcuate poleand a winding around each end of pole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including a C- or U-shaped core having a pole having a curvedshape, and is supported from the core at a pointbetween the two ends of the curve such that thepole has two portions extending from saidpoint, and a winding is placed on each exten-sion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.029, for a core having plural unified C- or

U-shaped cores and a pole winding.

216.029 Plural unified cores having a pole winding: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including more thanone C- or U-shaped core combined into a sin-gle core structure, having at least one pole witha winding located thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.028, for a C- or U-shaped core having a

centrally supported arcuate pole, anda winding around each end of pole.


1October 2010

216.031 Two cores: This subclass is indented under subclass216.029. Subject matter wherein the numberof plural cores is two.

216.032 Two cores unified by a joint spring couplingbetween poles: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including two C- orU-shaped cores, where the poles of each coreare structurally coupled to the poles of theother core to connect the cores together into aunitary core, wherein the means for structurallycoupling is a resilient or elastic member.





216.033 Having winding around middle bend ofcore: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including a single C-or U-shaped core having a winding placedaround the middle bend of the core.

216.034 Having magnetically coupled poles: This subclass is indented under subclass216.033. Subject matter including a single C-or U-shaped laminated magnetic core having awinding wound around the center portionthereof, and magnetic material connectedbetween the “open” ends of the C or U shape.

(1) Note. The “open” end of the C or Ushape commonly defines two poles fac-ing one another. The magnetic materialconnected between the “open” ends maybe fastened to the “open” ends, or inte-grally formed with the C- or U-shapedcore.

216.035 Double-section core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.033. Subject matter including a single C-or U-shaped core having a winding placedaround the middle bend of the core, where the

core comprises two sections joined togetherinto a unitary core.

216.036 Having winding around core side leg: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including a single C-or U-shaped core having a winding placedaround a side leg of the core.

216.037 Winding around each side leg: This subclass is indented under subclass216.036. Subject matter including a single C-or U-shaped core having a winding placedaround each side leg of the core.

216.038 Core side legs extend along rotor axis:This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including a C- or U-shaped core positioned in relation to a rotorsuch that the legs are arranged to extend in thesame general direction as the rotary axis of therotor.

216.039 Core middle bend extends along rotor axis: This subclass is indented under subclass216.023. Subject matter including a C- or U-shaped core positioned in relation to a rotorsuch that the middle bend of the core isarranged to extend in the same general direc-tion as the rotary axis of the rotor.

(1) Note. The middle bend of the core maybe “stretched” or elongated to extend thedistance of the rotor s length, with thecore side legs positioned at respectiveaxial ends of the rotor.

216.041 Having axially extended spiral lamination: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore wherein a lamina is helically wound botharound and along an axis along a path similarto a screw thread, so that laminations formedby each turn are stacked in the axial directionof the axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.013, for an axially extending spirally-

wound core with offset laminations.216.047, for a radially-stacked, spirally-wound

core having an axially-extended spi-ral-wound pole.


October 2010

216.042 Having machined poles: This subclass is indented under subclass216.041. Subject matter including an axiallyextending spiral wound core, wherein poles arecut, ground, or otherwise machined into thelaminated core.

216.043 Having bending notch: This subclass is indented under subclass216.041. Subject matter including a cut or nickin the edge of the lamina arranged to relievestress in the lamina and allow it to more easilyadapt to its desired axially extending spiralshape.

216.044 Having inter-layer mating projection andrecess: This subclass is indented under subclass216.041. Subject matter including an axiallyextended spiral lamination that includes at leastone depression, groove or other form ofrecessed area (i.e., recess) constructed andarranged to matingly receive a protruding ele-ment (i.e., projection) located on another areaof the lamination, the recess and projectionbeing further located with respect to oneanother along the lamination such that, whenthe lamination is wound, the adjacent lamina-tions are secured in their wound position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.048, for a radially laminated core with mat-

ing interfitting structure on the face ofa lamination.

216.065, for a core having laminations securedby a bonding agent.

216.045 Radially stacked: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore in which the laminations are built up in aradial direction with respect to the axial direc-tion of the core.

(1) Note. When stacked in this manner, theedges of the laminations are substan-tially parallel to one another, with eachedge generally extending along parallelpaths of different radiuses from oneanother.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.062, for a radially laminated pole.

216.046 Spirally wound: This subclass is indented under subclass216.045. Subject matter including a radiallystacked laminated core in which the stacking inthe radial direction comprises a thin magneticsheet coiled about an axis in continuous layersof increasing distance away from the axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.054, for a non-planer core lamination.

216.047 Having axially-extended spiral-wound pole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.046. Subject matter including a spiral-wound core having at least one spiral-woundpole projecting away from the core in a direc-tion parallel to the rotor axis.

(1) Note. The spiral-wound pole may beseparately spirally wound from andattached to the core, or it may be formedby slots cut into an axial end face of aspirally wound core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.013, for a laminated core having circum-

ferentially offset laminations using anaxially-extended spirally-wound lami-nation.

216.041, for a laminated core having an axi-ally-extended spiral lamination.

216.048 Having interlamina mating structure onlamina face: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a projectionor recess on a broad surface of a lamination(i.e., face) constructed and arranged to engagewith a corresponding recess or projection,respectively, on an adjacent lamination tosecure the laminations together into a unitarycore.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.044, for a mating projection and recess for

securing laminations in an axially-extending spirally wound core.

216.049 through 216.052, for a laminated corehaving a lamination with a mountingear.

216.065, for a core having structure for bind-ing the core together into a unifiedcore.

216.049 Having a lamination including a radiallyextending mounting projection (e.g., mount-ing ear): This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having at least one lamination having anintegral structural extension that extends per-pendicularly away from the rotor axis, forsecuring the laminated core to a core-support-ing structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.113, for a core having a supporting means.433, for a frame having an axial tie-bar

dovetailed to a core for supporting thecore.

216.051 Dovetail projection: This subclass is indented under subclass216.049. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having at least one lamination having aradially extending projection having a flaredshape (e.g., dovetail) serving as a tenon thatmates and interlocks with a correspondingmortise in the core-supporting structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:433, for a frame having an axial tie-bar

dovetailed to a core for supporting thecore.

216.052 Provided only on partial number of lamina-tions: This subclass is indented under subclass216.049. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a plurality of laminations with lessthan the full set of the laminations having aradially extending mounting projection; i.e., at

least one lamination of the plurality lacks aradial projection.

216.053 Having integral spider (e.g., spokes): This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a lamination including a mainbody portion having structurally unified radi-ally-directed spokes extending therefrom forsupporting the main body portion from a shaft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.121, for a structure for supporting a core

from a shaft.420, for a frame having a spider mounted

to a shaft.

216.054 Non-planar lamination (e.g., wavy): This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including laminationsheets stacked into a unitary core, wherein thesurface of each sheet is a shape other than sig-nificantly flat.

(1) Note. Significantly flat refers to the gen-eral overall shape of the surface, whichmay include, for example, projections orrecesses on the surface for interlockingwith adjacent laminations, etc., and stillbe considered significantly flat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.013, for a spirally wound laminated core

with circumferentially offset lamina-tions.

216.046, and 216.047, for a radially-stackedspirally wound laminated core.

216.055 Having a particular outer peripheral shape: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a specifically recited geometricalform or contour associated with its externalperimeter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.26, for a linear motor having a magnet or

pole structure have a particular shape.49.16, for a stepping motor with interfitting

poles of a particular shape.


October 2010

216.021, and 216.022, for an E-shaped lami-nated core.

216.023 through 216.039, for a C-or U-shapedlaminated core.

216.069 through 216.073, for a core having aslot of a particular shape or with plu-ral diverse pole shapes.

216.097, for a pole tip having a particulardimension.

216.111, and 216.112, for a core having a par-ticular dimension.

216.056 Cooling fin: This subclass is indented under subclass216.055. Subject matter including wherein theouter peripheral shape includes a shape havinga high surface-area to volume ratio for the pur-pose of efficiently dissipating heat from thecore to a surrounding medium.


generator.12.29, for cooling of a linear dynamoelectric

machine.52 through 65, for cooling of a rotary

dynamoelectric machine, especiallysubclass 64 for a heat exchange struc-ture in a dynamoelectric machine.

216.014, for a cooling fin on a laminated corehaving cumferentially offset lamina-tions.





heat exchanger fin, per se.

216.057 Laminated pole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter including a pole, perse, constructed of a plurality of superposed,thin layers of magnetic material joined togetherinto a unitary structure.

(1) Note. The plurality of layers may beformed from plural sheets of material

superposed on one another, or a singlesheet of material folded or wound onitself to form plural superposed layers.

(2) Note. The laminated pole may beattached or attachable to a core body thatis either laminated or non-laminated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.064, for a laminated pole tip.216.074 through 216.105, for non-laminated

pole structure.

216.058 Securing means: This subclass is indented under subclass216.057. Subject matter including a specificrecitation of an element or structure for holdingthe superposed sheets together into a unified orintegral structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.065, for a laminated core having a bonding

agent between laminations.216.113 through 216.137, for core securing

means for supporting a core, or hold-ing it together into an integral unit.

216.059 Alternating laminations: This subclass is indented under subclass216.057. Subject matter including a laminatedpole constructed of a plurality of groups oflaminations that are superposed on each otherin alternating layers.

216.061 Circumferentially stacked: This subclass is indented under subclass216.057. Subject matter including a laminatedpole in which the laminations are built up (i.e.,stacked) along a generally radial arc or portionof a circle having the axis of rotor rotation atthe center.

(1) Note. When stacked in this manner, theedges of the laminations are substan-tially parallel to one another, with eachedge generally extending along a radialline extending from the axis of rotation.

216.062 Radially stacked: This subclass is indented under subclass216.057. Subject matter including a laminatedpole in which the laminations are built up in a


1October 2010

radial direction with respect to the intendedaxis of rotation of the motor or generator con-taining the core.

(1) Note. When stacked in this manner, theedges of the laminations are substan-tially parallel to one another, with eachedge extending along generally parallelpaths of different radiuses from the axisof rotation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.045, for a radially stacked core.

216.063 Wound lamination: This subclass is indented under subclass216.057. Subject matter including a laminatedpole wherein the plurality of superposed layersare formed by a thin sheet of material turned orcoiled about itself so that each turn is super-posed on a previous turn.

216.064 Laminated pole tip (e.g., shoe): This subclass is indented under subclass216.057. Subject matter including a laminatedcore having a particularly recited detail of apole end face structure, or having a member(e.g. shoe) added to an end of a pole, whereinthe added member is constructed of a pluralityof superposed, thin layers of magnetic materialjoined together into a unitary structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.091, for non-laminated pole tip structure.

216.065 Adhesively bonded laminations: This subclass is indented under subclass216.004. Subject matter wherein the core lam-inations are secured together as an integralbody via a sticking or adhering material placedbetween the laminations.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.044, for an axially-extended spirally

wound core having an inter-layer mat-ing projection and recess.

216.048, for a radially stacked laminated corehaving inter-layer mating structure onthe face of a lamination.

216.137, for a bonding agent used to fix a coreto a support structure or for fixing acore together as an integral body.

216.066 Homogeneous core or yoke (e.g., solid core): This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a core oryoke formed from a ferromagnetic materialhaving a substantially uniform structure orcomposition throughout the core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.004 through 216.013, for a laminated

core.

216.067 Molded magnetic powder resin: This subclass is indented under subclass216.066. Subject matter including a homoge-nous core or yoke constructed of a mass ofmagnetic particles dispersed in a resin binder,and formed into a single, solid mass of desiredshape.

216.068 Reshaped magnetic element (e.g., bentsheet): This subclass is indented under subclass216.066. Subjected matter including a homog-enous core or yoke constructed from a volumeof ferromagnetic material that is bent, twisted,or otherwise forcibly rearranged from an initialshape into a final core shape.

216.069 Having slot of particular shape: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a core havea groove or channel (i.e., slot) for accommo-dating a winding therein, wherein there isrecited a specific detail of the slot s geometricalor spatial form or contour.

(1) Note. The slot commonly houses or pro-vides a location to accommodate a wind-ing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.111, for a core having a particular dimen-

sion.216.096, for a pole tip having an asymmetric

shape. 216.097, for a pole tip having a particular

dimension.


October 2010

216.071 Plural diverse slot shapes: This subclass is indented under subclass216.069. Subject matter including a core hav-ing more than one slot, wherein at least one slothas a different shape than at least one otherslot.

216.072 With plural diverse pole widths: This subclass is indented under subclass216.071. Subject matter including a core hav-ing plural diverse slot shapes, and furtherincludes more than one pole, wherein at leastone pole has a different width than at least oneother pole.

216.073 With plural diverse pole shapes: This subclass is indented under subclass216.069. Subject matter including a core hav-ing a slot with a particular shape, and furtherincludes more than one pole, wherein at leastone pole has a different geometrical or spatialform or contour than at least one other pole.

216.074 Pole structure: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a specifi-cally recited detail of a core’s pole structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.057 through 216.064 , for laminated pole

structure.216.112, for a core having a particular pole

pitch.

216.075 Particular to switch reluctant machine: This subclass is indented under subclass216.074. Subject matter including a pole hav-ing a particular structural feature specificallyadapted for use in a stator or rotor core of aswitch reluctant type dynamoelectric machine.

216.076 Having integral flux shunt: This subclass is indented under subclass216.074. Subject matter including a core polehaving a means included therein for divertingflux from a direct path between the oppositeends of the pole.

(1) Note. The shunt is commonly a means ofestablishing a higher reluctance areathan the surrounding pole material.

216.077 Via hole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.076. Subject matter including a pole withan integral flux shunt comprised of an openingin the pole material that defines a higher reluc-tance flux path than the core material.

216.078 Pivotally mounted (e.g., hinged): This subclass is indented under subclass216.074. Subject matter including a core witha pole that is mounted on the core in such amanner that is can be turned or swiveled fromone position to another, as by a hinge, or thepole is mounted on a core section adapted forsimilar movement with respect to another coresection.

216.079 Removable pole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.074. Subject matter including a pole con-structed and arranged to be separable from theremainder of the core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.098, for a pole tip that is removable from

the remainder of the pole.

216.081 Having intermediate spacer: This subclass is indented under subclass216.079. Subject matter including an elementmounted between the removable pole and corethat positions the pole out of direct abutmentwith the core when fixed to the core.

216.082 Having wedge between pole and core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.079. Subject matter including a core hav-ing at least one removable pole that includes atapered element forcibly inserted between theremovable pole and the core.

216.083 Having threaded fastener (e.g., screw): This subclass is indented under subclass216.079. Subject matter including a means forremovably fixing the pole to the core that com-prises an elongated element including a spiralgroove around the circumference of the ele-ment, wherein the elongated element bridges aportion of the pole and a portion of the core.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.127, for a core secured by a threaded fas-

tener.

216.084 With mating female threaded fastener ele-ment (e.g., bolt): This subclass is indented under subclass216.083. Subject matter including a threadedfastener for attaching a removable pole,wherein the threaded fastener includes a male-threaded fastener that is threadable into afemale-threaded fastener separate and distinctfrom the pole or core.

216.085 Fastened through pole flange: This subclass is indented under subclass216.083. Subject matter including a removablepole having a projecting rim or extension (i.e.,flange) through which a threaded fastener ispositioned and utilized to removably fix thepole to the core.

216.086 Dovetail connection: This subclass is indented under subclass216.079. Subject matter including a removablepole having a flared tenon extending therefromthat is mateable with a mortise or other meanson the core for removably holding the pole viaengagement between the mortise and the tenon.

216.087 Having auxiliary bias force element: This subclass is indented under subclass216.086. Subject matter including a dovetailedremovable pole, wherein the means for remov-ably fastening the pole to the core includesmeans for applying pressure against the dove-tail to aid in holding or maintaining the dove-tail connection to the core.

216.088 Split pole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.086. Subject matter including a dovetailedremovable pole, wherein the pole is comprisedof plural sections.

216.089 Crimped connection: This subclass is indented under subclass216.079. Subject matter including a core witha removable pole that includes a portion that isdeformably pressed, twisted or pinchedtogether into fixed engagement with a portionof the core.

216.091 Pole tip (e.g., shoe): This subclass is indented under subclass216.074. Subject matter including a recitationof a structural detail of a pole end or face.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.064, for a laminated pole tip, or structural

details of the end face of a laminatedpole.

216.092 Defining non-uniform air gap: This subclass is indented under subclass216.091. Subject matter including a pole hav-ing an end or face constructed and arranged todefine one boundary end of a space (i.e., airgap) between the pole tip and another elementdefining an opposite air gap boundary face,wherein the distance between all points on thepole end or face and the opposite boundaryface of the air gap are not the same distance.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.096, for an asymmetrically shaped pole tip.

216.093 Tapered tip: This subclass is indented under subclass216.092. Subject matter including a pole tipthat has a cross-sectional area perpendicular tothe direction between the boundary faces of thegap, wherein the cross-sectional area varieswith distance away from the air-gap boundaryend of the pole.

216.094 Via tip slot: This subclass is indented under subclass216.092. Subject matter including a pole tipthat includes a grooved channel (i.e., slot) thatdefines the non-uniform air gap.

216.095 With electrical conductor in slot (i.e., wind-ing): This subclass is indented under subclass216.094. Subject matter including an electricalconductor positioned in the slot in the pole tip.

216.096 Asymmetrically shaped: This subclass is indented under subclass216.091. Subject matter including a pole tiphaving a shape that is dissimilar on oppositesides of the center of the pole tip.


October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.092, for a pole tip that defines a non-uni-

form air gap.

216.097 Having a particular dimension: This subclass is indented under subclass216.091. Subject matter including a pole tiphaving a specifically recited spatial extent, e.g.,length, width, height, etc.

(1) Note. The dimension may be expressedas a ratio of, for example, length towidth, etc., for placement in this sub-class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.111, for a core having a particular dimen-

sion.

216.098 Removable tip: This subclass is indented under subclass216.091. Subject matter including a pole tipthat is capable of being separated from theremainder of the pole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.079 through 216.089, for a removable

pole.

216.099 Magnetic inter-pole bridging structure: This subclass is indented under subclass216.091. Subject matter including a core hav-ing a plurality of poles, wherein at least twoadjacent poles have ends that have a structuralmember formed of ferromagnetic material con-nected between the adjacent pole ends.

(1) Note. The bridging element may itselfdefine a pole tip, or it can be an elementseparate from, or integral with, distinctpole tips or shoes on adjacent pole ends.The bridging element should be distin-guished from magnetic material forminga core body from which the poles extend.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:214, for a coil retainer that bridges poles

to hold a coil in a slot between poles.

216.104, for a nonmagnetic element positionedbetween two adjacent poles for hold-ing a pole tip on a pole body.

216.101 Cylindrical bridging structure: This subclass is indented under subclass216.099. Subject matter including a core hav-ing a plurality of radially-inward extendingpoles having a bridging element or elementsmagnetically bridging the poles together attheir inner radial ends, wherein the bridgingelement or elements together form a cylindri-cally shaped structure.

(1) Note. The cylindrically shaped structurecan be a single cylindrical element con-nected to or integral with the pole ends,or a series of individual arcuate bridgingmembers connected between adjacentpoles that collectively form a cylindri-cally shaped structure in combinationwith the pole inner ends.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.103, for an arcuate shaped magnetic bridg-

ing member connecting two adjacentpole inner ends, where the memberdefines a pole tip common to two polemembers.

216.102 Integral with radially extending poles: This subclass is indented under subclass216.101. Subject matter wherein the cylindri-cal inter-pole bridging structure and the radi-ally extending poles are constructed together asa unified structural unit.

216.103 Bridge defines distinct pole tip common totwo adjacent poles: This subclass is indented under subclass216.099. Subject matter including a bridgingstructure that includes a bridge element thatbridges only two adjacent poles, and functionsas a single pole tip shared by the two adjacentpoles.

216.104 With nonmagnetic inter-pole tip support: This subclass is indented under subclass216.091. Subject matter including a non-ferro-magnetic element positioned between twoadjacent poles for holding or fixing a pole tipagainst, or in a positional relationship to, a polebody.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:214, for a coil retainer that bridges poles to

hold a coil in a slot between poles. 216.099 through 216.0103 for a magnetic ele-

ment for bridging adjacent poles ends.216.113, for subject matter to attach a core to a

support.

216.105 Insulated: This subclass is indented under subclass216.104. Subject matter including an inter-pole tip support that is electrically non-conduc-tive or highly resistant to the passage of electriccurrent.

216.106 Having flux guide: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter wherein the coreincludes a means for directing the flux withinthe core in a particular path.

(1) Note. The flux guiding means mayinclude, for example, a slit or slot in thecore that creates a localized higher reluc-tance path within the core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.076, for a pole structure having an integral

flux shunt.216.108, for a flux shield that reduces flux pen-

etration in a particular portion of thecore.

216.107 For reluctant rotor core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.106. Subject matter wherein the core isspecifically designed for use in the moving ele-ment (i.e., rotor) of a machine of the reluctancetype.

216.108 Having flux shield: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a means forreducing penetration of flux into a particularportion of the core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.076, for a pole structure having an integral

flux shunt.

216.106, for a flux guide that directs flux in aparticular path.

216.109 Spaced-segment core: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a core com-prising a plurality of individual core sections,wherein two adjacent core sections aremounted with respect to one another such thatan air space is provided between the two adja-cent sections.

216.111 Core having a particular dimension: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a core inwhich a specified measure of spatial extent ofat least a portion of the core is recited.

(1) Note. Dimensions may include, forexample, various radii at various por-tions of the core, the depth of a slot, thedistance between poles, etc., but are notso limited to these examples.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.26, for a linear motor having a magnet or

pole structure have a particular shape.49.16, for a stepping motor with interfitting

poles of a particular shape.216.021,and 216.022, for an E-shaped lami-

nated core.216.023 through 216.039, for a C-or U-shaped

laminated core.216.069 through 216.073, for a core having a

slot of a particular shape.216.097, for a pole tip having a particular

dimension.

216.112 Specific pole pitch: This subclass is indented under subclass216.111. Subject matter wherein the particu-larly recited dimension is pole pitch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.074 through 216.105, for pole structure,

per se.

216.113 Having a particular binding or supportingmeans: This subclass is indented under subclass216.001. Subject matter including a specifi-cally recited means for either securing the core


October 2010

together as an integral body, or securing thecore to a support structure.

(1) Note. Subject matter including signifi-cant core structure adapted for support-ing the core via the core structure itself, adetailed structural relationship between aseparate fixing means and the core, or aparticular structure of the fixing means,per se, are classified in this and indentedsubclasses; whereas a core support (e.g.,frame) having a means for supporting anominal core is classified elsewhere.See Search Notes, below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.004 through 216.014 , for laminated core

structure, particularly subclass 216.044, for a projection /recess for secur-ing laminations in an axially spirallywound core; subclass 216.048, for aradially laminated core with matinginterfitting structure on the face of alamination; subclasses 216.049-216.052, for a laminated core having alamination with a mounting ear.

216.058, for a laminated pole having means forsecuring the laminations into a unitarybody.

216.079, for a means for supporting a remov-able pole to a core.

216.104, for a nonmagnetic pole tip supportpositioned between adjacent poles.

422, for a frame having a means for secur-ing a core to the frame.


through 68 for mounting or supportstructure for an inductor.

216.114 End ring or plate: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the securingmeans comprises a band generally mountedalong the periphery of an axial end face of acore, or a generally flat or planar memberattached to an axial end face of a core, forsecuring core elements together as an integralbody.

(1) Note. A ring or plate for this subclass isfor the purpose of securing, for example,

by bridging across core laminations orcore sections to bind them together as aunit, as opposed to a mere enclosure,support or stator end shield, classifiedelsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.135, for a core secured by a circumferential

clip.400 through 417, for an end shield.

216.115 Insulated: This subclass is indented under subclass216.114. Subject matter including an end ringor end plate comprised of a material that ishighly resistant or non-conductive to electricalcurrent.

(1) Note. The insulation is commonly usedto provide electrical insulation betweenthe core and a coil or winding supportedon the coil. The ring or plate may becomprised of insulating material, orinclude a layer of insulating materialplaced on the surface of the ring or plate.

216.116 Secured to shaft: This subclass is indented under subclass216.114. Subject matter wherein the end ringor end plate is fixedly attached to an elongatedelement (i.e., shaft) having an axis about whichthe core and elongated element rotate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.119, for a core secured to a shaft by means

other than an end ring or end plate.420 through 424, for a frame secured to a

shaft via a spider.

216.117 With balancing weight: This subclass is indented under subclass216.116. Subject matter including an elementhaving a particular mass positioned on the endring or end plate and shaft combination suchthat the center of mass of the combination islocated on the axis of the shaft.

216.118 Secured to frame: This subclass is indented under subclass216.114. Subject matter wherein the end ringor end plate is fixedly attached to the machinesframe or enclosure.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:418 through 433, for frame structure hav-

ing means for supporting a core.

216.119 Having a cooling channel: This subclass is indented under subclass216.114. Subject matter including an end ringor end plate having a ventilation passagetherein to permit heat to be dissipated from thecore.




dynamoelectric machine, especiallysubclass 60, for circulation via hollowpassages.

216.014, for a cooling fin on a core havingcumferentially offset laminations in arotary dynamoelectric machine.




216.121 Secured to shaft: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the supportstructure from which the core is supported is anelongated element (i.e., shaft) having an axisabout which the core and elongated elementrotate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.053, for a laminated core having a lamina-

tion with an integral spider to supportthe core on a shaft.

216.116, for a core secured to a shaft via an endring or end plate.

216.129, for a core is secured by an axiallyextending bar to hold the coretogether.

216.122 Two axial end shafts: This subclass is indented under subclass216.121. Subject matter wherein the shaftcomprises two shafts, wherein each shaft isfixed to respective opposite axial ends of thecore, without passing through the core.

216.123 Keyed to shaft: This subclass is indented under subclass216.121. Subject matter including a coresecured to a shaft that further includes an ele-ment (i.e., key) for locking the core and shafttogether to prevent relative movement betweenthe core and shaft.

(1) Note. The key can be an element sepa-rate and distinct from the core and shaft,or an integral extension of one of thecore and shaft.

216.124 Resilient securing means: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the means tosecure the core to a support includes a materialor structure that is capable of withstandingshock without permanent deformation or rup-ture (e.g., by a spring or elastic material, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:423, for a frame supported from a shaft-

mounted spider with a resilient coresupporting means.

431, for a frame having a resilient coresupporting means.

216.125 Secured by wedge: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the means forfixing the core to a support includes a taperedelement press fit in a narrow space between thecore and the support.

216.126 Fastened wedge: This subclass is indented under subclass216.125. Subject matter including a wedgehaving means to fixedly attach the wedge in itswedging position to prevent it from slippingout of the wedging position.


October 2010

216.127 Secured by threaded fastener (e.g., screw): This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the means forfixing the core to a support includes an elon-gated element having an exterior helical pro-jection (i.e., screw thread), wherein theelongated element passes through a bore ineither one of the support or the core, and isengagable with mating threads on the other oneof the support or core for holding the supportand core in a fixed relationship.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.083, for a pole removably secured to a core

by a threaded fastener.

216.128 Insulated fastener: This subclass is indented under subclass216.127. Subject matter wherein the threadedfastener is constructed of an electrically resis-tive or non-conductive material.

216.129 Secured by axially extending bar: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter including a core fix-ing means comprising a rigid elongated ele-ment that extends generally parallel to the axisof rotation of a machine in which the core isassociated, and is attached to the core at one ormore points to secure the core.

(1) Note. The axially extending bar may alsoserve as a means to secure the core to asupporting element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.116, for a core supported on a shaft via an

end ring or end plate.216.121, for a core supported on a shaft.432, and 433, for a frame having an axial

tie bar for supporting a core.

216.131 Secured by axially directed clamping means(e.g., spring clip): This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter including means forproviding axially directed pressure at bothaxial ends of a core to bind elements or lamina-tions of a core together into a unitary body.

(1) Note. The means for clamping com-monly consists of a clip that spans thelength of the core, with, for example,spring tensioned arms at the axial endsof the clip to provide axially directedpressure to squeeze core laminationstogether into a binding relationship.

(2) Note. The means for clamping the coreinto a unitary body may also serve tosecure the core to a supporting element.

216.132 Positioned in core slot: This subclass is indented under subclass216.131. Subject matter wherein the coreincludes an axially extending depression or slotin its surface, and the clamping means is posi-tioned in the depression or slot.

216.133 Positioned in axial through hole: This subclass is indented under subclass216.131. Subject matter wherein the coreincludes an axially extending bore from oneaxial end of the core to the other and theclamping means is located in the bore.

216.134 Integral with supporting element: This subclass is indented under subclass216.131. Subject matter wherein the clampingmeans comprises an element structurally unitedwith a supporting means for the core.

216.135 Secured by circumferential clip: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter including core secur-ing means comprising an element that extendsat least partially around the outer periphery ofthe core and grips the core.

216.136 Secured by weld: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the particu-lar means for fixing the core to a support struc-ture or fixing the core as an integral bodyincludes a fusion bond created by heating.

216.137 Secured by bonding agent: This subclass is indented under subclass216.113. Subject matter wherein the particu-lar means for fixing the core to a support struc-ture or fixing the core as an integral bodyincludes an attachment established via an adhe-sive material.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.065, for a bonding agent uses to secure

laminations of a laminated coretogether.

219 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to current collectors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles,

subclasses 45+ for similar subjectmatter where current is collected froman extended conductor by a travelingbrush.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 541+ for electric motorsystems having current collector con-trol means, such as brush shiftingmeans.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 53 and 54+ for single genera-tor systems having brush controlmeans for shifting the generatorbrush.

388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, subclass 836 for running-speed con-trol systems in which the position ornumber of brushes may be varied.

439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses 1+for a pair of relatively movable elec-trical connectors.

220 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter relating to the reduction ofsparking at the current collector.


subclasses 400.1 through 400.42 forelectric motor systems having meansto control the commutation.

221 This subclass is indented under subclass 220.Subject matter having arc extinguishing means.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to dynamoelectric devices having meansto extinguish arcs that result when thecommutator flashes over.


Devices, subclasses 1+ for safety andprotection of systems and devices,indented subclasses 2+ for arc control,subclasses 20+ for generator protec-tive circuits, and subclasses 23+ formotor protective circuits.

222 This subclass is indented under subclass 220.Subject matter for providing a spark neutraliz-ing current.

223 This subclass is indented under subclass 220.Subject matter having flux compensatingmeans.

224 This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Subject matter in which the flux compensatingmeans is a compensating pole or winding.

225 This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Subject matter in which the flux compensatingmeans is a short circuited coil circuit.

226 This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Subject matter in which the flux compensatingmeans is a means to introduce a distortion ofthe magnetic field.

227 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter having cooling means.


generator. 12.29, for cooling of a linear dynamoelectric


dynamoelectric machine.216.014, for a cooling fin on a core having






October 2010

228 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter having cleaning, lubricating,resurfacing or repairing means as part thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclass 597 for mis-

cellaneous methods of manufacturingand repairing commutators.

229 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter having means to cause a brushto traverse along a path which is parallel to theaxis of rotation of the dynamoelectric device.

(1) Note. The brush traverse may, for exam-ple, be an adjustment to regulate theposition of the brush or it may be, forexample, a means to cause the brush totraverse back and forth continuously soas to distribute wear.



230 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter having means for circumferen-tially shifting the position of the brush in orderto effect reversal of the direction of rotation.


subclass 292 for this subject matter inan electric motor system.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 53 and 54+ for this subjectmatter in a single generator system.

323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regula-tion Systems, subclass 203 for thissubject matter in a voltage magnitudecontrol system.

231 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter relating to rotary structure.


cles, subclass 569 for stock materialsor intermediate articles which com-prise continuous interengaged phasesof plural metals, at least one of whichcontains molybdenum or tungsten.

232 This subclass is indented under subclass 231.Subject matter relating to slip rings.

233 This subclass is indented under subclass 231.Subject matter relating to commutators.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclass 507 for mis-

cellaneous methods of manufacturingcommutators.

174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula-tors, subclass 138 for commutatorsegment insulators, per se.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 245+ for polarityreversing systems some of which havecommutated type reversing switches.

234 This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Subject matter relating to winding connectorsfor connecting the winding to the commutatorsegments.

235 This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Subject matter relating to molded supports forsupporting the commutator segments.

236 This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Subject matter relating to cylindrical or drumtype commutators.

237 This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Subject matter relating to disk type commuta-tors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:370, Multiplex Communications, sub-

classes 303+ for a multiplexing sys-tem having a rotary distributor.

238 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter relating to fixed collector struc-ture.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:314, Electric Lamp and Discharge

Devices: Consumable Electrodes, subclasses 130+ for electrode holdersfor arc lamps and similar devices.

239 This subclass is indented under subclass 238.Subject matter relating to brush holders or rig-ging.


1October 2010

240 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.Subject matter relating to means for lifting thebrushes.


subclass 728 for induction motor sys-tems in which the induction motorstarts as a repulsion motor.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 54+ for this subject matterin a single generator system.

241 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.Subject matter having means for circumferen-tially adjusting the position of the brushes.

242 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.Subject matter relating to means for holding orguiding the brushes.

243 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.Subject matter having means for operating thebrush rigging or holders by means of fluidpressure.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to brush rigging in which the pressure ofthe brush against the commutator isdetermined by fluid pressure.

244 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.Subject matter in which the brush is affixed toa pivoted arm.

245 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.Subject matter in which the brush is slidablypositioned in its holder.

246 This subclass is indented under subclass 245.Subject matter having an arm which pressesagainst the brush to exert pressure between thebrush and the commutator or slip ring.

247 This subclass is indented under subclass 245.Subject matter having an axial spring to pressupon the brush so as to exert pressure betweenthe brush and the commutator or slip ring.

248 This subclass is indented under subclass 238.Subject matter relating to brushes, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,

appropriate subclasses for electric arcfurnaces some of which utilize elec-trodes which are analogous to thebrushes of this and indented sub-classes.

313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 326+ (note particularlyindented subclass 357) for electrodesfor electric lamp and dischargedevices, some of which are analogousto the brushes of this and the indentedsubclasses.

314, Electric Lamp and DischargeDevices: Consumable Electrodes, subclass 60 for arc lamp electrodes,some of which are analogous to thisand indented subclasses.

249 This subclass is indented under subclass 248.Subject matter having an electrical connector.

(1) Note. The electrical connector, for exam-ple, may be a copper pigtail which isintegral with a carbon brush.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate

subclasses for an electrical connector,generally.

251 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.Subject matter in which the structure is madeof composite materials.


cles, subclasses 615+ for compositestock materials, such as, for example,plural metallic layers with interleavednonmetallic layers.

252 This subclass is indented under subclass 248.Subject matter relating to the composition ofthe brush.

(1) Note. The search should, in all instances,continue in the class which relates to thecomposition, per se.


October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic,

appropriate subclasses for coating orplastic compositions in general.

252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ forelectrically conductive compositionsand for brushes defined solely interms of the composition of whichthey are composed.

253 This subclass is indented under subclass 252.Subject matter relating to carbonaceous com-positions.

254.1 Miscellaneous stator structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter related to stator structure, perse, not otherwise provided for.

(1) Note. This is the residual locus for mis-cellaneous stator structure for an electri-cal generator or motor that is notprovided for elsewhere. Mere intendeduse as a stator is insufficient for originalplacement in this subclass if particularrecited structure is provided for in earliersubclasses. Similarly, discretion shouldbe exercised in placement in this sub-class as a cross reference merely due todisclosed use as a stator.


through 213, 216-219, 233, and 234for various features of magnetic corestructure of inductive devices, ofwhich subclass 233 is the general sub-class for inductor device cores notelsewhere classified.

255 This subclass is indented under subclass 254.1.Subject matter relating to railway typemachines.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses

49+ for electric locomotives.

256 This subclass is indented under subclass 254.1.Subject matter relating to the prevention of fluxloss due to stray fields.


inductor devices with electric andmagnetic shielding means.

257 This subclass is indented under subclass 254.1.Subject matter relating to interfitting or clawtooth stators.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:263, for interfitting or claw tooth rotors.

260 This subclass is indented under subclass 254.1.Subject matter relating to end turn supports.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:270, for end turn supports for rotors.


inductor devices having coil clampsor wedges to secure or space coil andcore.

261.1 Miscellaneous rotor structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to rotor structure, perse, not otherwise provided for.

(1) Note. This is the residual locus for mis-cellaneous rotor structure for an electri-cal generator or motor that is notprovided for elsewhere. Mere intendeduse as a rotor is insufficient for originalplacement in this subclass if particularrecited structure is provided for in earliersubclasses. Similarly, discretion shouldbe exercised in placement in this sub-class as a cross reference merely due todisclosed use as a rotor.


through 213, 216-219, 233, and 234for various features of magnetic corestructure of inductive devices, ofwhich subclass 233 in the general sub-class for inductor device cores notelsewhere classified.


1October 2010

262 This subclass is indented under subclass 261.1.Subject matter relating to high speed rotors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:168+, especially 169+, for induction type

generators utilizing high speed rotors.

263 This subclass is indented under subclass 261.1.Subject matter relating to interfitting or clawtooth rotors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:257, for interfitting or claw tooth stators.

264 This subclass is indented under subclass 261.1.Subject matter relating to armatures, per se.

265 This subclass is indented under subclass 264.Subject matter relating to drum type armatures.

266 This subclass is indented under subclass 264.Subject matter relating to hollow armatures.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to armatures having a double air gap.

267 This subclass is indented under subclass 264.Subject matter relating to ring type armatures.

268 This subclass is indented under subclass 264.Subject matter relating to disc type armatures.

269 This subclass is indented under subclass 264.Subject matter relating to salient pole arma-tures.

270 This subclass is indented under subclass 261.1.Subject matter relating to end turn supports.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:260, for end turn supports for stator wind-

ings.


inductor devices having coil clampsor wedges to secure or space core andcoil.

271 This subclass is indented under subclass 261.1.Subject matter relating to banding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:262, for high speed type rotors.

272 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to elements.


classes 567 through 617 for mechani-cal elements, per se.

273 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter relating to miscellaneous fea-tures not set forth in the indented subclassesunder subclass 40.

300 NONDYNAMOELECTRIC:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter which is not related to theconversion of energy between the electricaland mechanical state by electromagneticaction.

(1) Note. Consult the classes referred to inthe search notes to the class definition ofthis class for other classes having similarsubject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:10+, for subject matter under the class defi-

nition related to the conversion ofenergy between the electrical and themechanical state by means of electro-magnetic action.


subclasses 116+ for the subject matterof this subclass in combination withan electrical system.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for subject matter of thissubclass in an electric generator sys-tem.


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301 Nuclear reaction:This subclass is indented under subclass 300.Subject matter relating to the obtaining ofenergy in the electrical state from the internalenergy of the atom.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to electric generators consisting of radio-active sources which acquire a chargedue to the emission of electrons or otherionized particles at such a high speed asto go through a considerable adverseelectric gradient before being collected.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:331, Oscillators, subclass 94 for electrical

oscillators of the molecular or particleresonant type (e.g., Maser).

376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro-cesses, Systems, and Elements, sub-classes 100+ for fusion reactors; andsubclasses 347+ for fission reactors.

302 Contact potential difference:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter comprising at least a pair ofmetal electrodes having dissimilar work func-tions and a material (e.g., gas) ionized by aradioactive source, the electrodes and the mate-rial so arranged relative to each other that theions of the material, under the influence of thefield established between the electrodes arecollected by the electrodes to provide a sourceof current for an external load.

303 P-N semiconductor:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter comprising two intimatelyunited semiconductor materials, one of the Ntype and one of the P type, and a radioactivesource which irradiates the semiconductormaterials to liberate charge carriers (electronsand holes) therein which flow under the influ-ence of the field across the junction of thesemiconductor materials to be collected onopposite sides of the junction and thus, providea source of current for an external load.

304 Secondary electron emission:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter wherein energy from a radioac-tive source is directed toward a material whichemits electrons in response thereto, the emitted

electrons being collected by an electrode andproviding a source of current and potential foran external load between the electrode and theradioactive source and/or the electron emissivematerial.

305 Direct charged particle emission:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter comprising a radioactive sourceof charged particles and electrode means (cath-ode and/or anode) to collect the charged parti-cles to provide a source of current and potentialfor an external load between the electrodes orelectrode and source.

306 Thermal or pyromagnetic:This subclass is indented under subclass 300.Subject matter in which the energy is changedbetween the electrical and the thermal state.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to means for generating electricity due toa change in the temperature of material,or to means for generating mechanicalenergy due to the change of magneticflux which results from change of tem-perature.

(2) Note. The combination of an electricalgenerator system and a nuclear reactor isprovided for in Class 376, InducedNuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems,and Elements, subclasses 317+.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photo-

electric, subclasses 200+ for thermo-couple batteries, per se.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 117 for thermoelectric motorsystems, per se.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for electrical generator sys-tems in which electricity is convertedto heat which in turn is converted intoelectricity.

374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, sub-class 176 for a thermometer having aferromagnetic sensor.

376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Pro-cesses, Systems, and Elements, sub-classes 317+ for electrical generatorsystems in which the products of an


1October 2010

induced nuclear reaction are con-verted to electricity.

307 With heat actuated bimetal element:This subclass is indented under subclass 306.Subject matter having structure comprised of atleast two materials having different coeffi-cients of expansion which structure isdeformed by the energy in its thermal state, andduring its deformation, does mechanical work.

308 Charge accumulating:This subclass is indented under subclass 300.Subject matter in which the electrical energyresults from the incremental buildup of thepotential charge over a period of operation ofthe device.

309 Electrostatic:This subclass is indented under subclass 308.Subject matter in which the electrical charge orpotential is of static electricity.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to static electric generators, commonlyknown as Whinhurst machines.

310 Friction:This subclass is indented under subclass 309.Subject matter in which the static electricity isgenerated by frictional moving contact of twoparts of the apparatus.


Devices, subclass 207 for electrostaticelectric relay systems such as thosewhich utilize the Winslow effect,which is defined in the definition ofthat subclass.

311 Piezoelectric elements and devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 300.Subject matter which includes a shaped bodyof a material which exhibits an electrostaticpolarization when subjected to mechanicalstress or which exhibits a mechanical stresstending to produce deflection, expansion, orcontraction when subjected to electrical stress,the body being so shaped relative to the elec-tromechanical properties of the material as torender the body useful for the conversion ofenergy between the electrical and mechanicalstates, and combinations of such bodies with

means which utilize or which contribute to theutilization of such bodies for the conversion ofenergy between the electrical and mechanicalstates.

(1) Note. In the titles and definitions of thesubclasses indented hereunder, the term“piezoelectric element” is used to denotethe shaped body, per se, and the term“piezoelectric device” is used to denotethe combination of such a shaped bodyand means which utilizes or which con-tributes to the utilization of such bodiesfor the conversion of energy between theelectrical and mechanical states.

(2) Note. This and the indented subclassesinclude piezoelectric materials in combi-nation with electrodes for the piezoelec-tric materials, such devices incombination with ancillary devices (suchas holders or ovens) and piezoelectricmotors or generators. Piezoelectric crys-tals in combination with an art device areclassified with the art device.

(3) Note. This and the indented subclassesinclude patents relating to methods forusing piezoelectric devices where suchmethods are not otherwise classified.Such methods are classified in the sub-class providing for the apparatusrequired to perform the method.

(4) Note. Neither this nor the indented sub-classes include mere piezoelectric mate-rials, nor the method of or apparatus formaking piezoelectric materials or piezo-electric devices. For the excluded subjectmatter, see the search notes below.Piezoelectric materials per se, whenshaped to claimed configurations, wherethe configuration is disclosed as beingsignificant to the piezoelectric propertyof the crystal (e.g., plate, AT cut) areclassified in indented subclasses 357+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:26, for magnetostrictive transducers

which may have similar circuitry orstructure as that used with piezoelec-tric devices.


October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 for

methods of making piezoelectricdevices.

73, Measuring and Testing, subclass170.08 and 170.09 for fluid flowdirection measuring utilizing a piezo-electric sensor and subclass 170.33for a piezoelectric probe for oceano-graphic measuring.

178, Telegraphy, subclass 70 and 71.11 forrepeaters which use piezoelectric ele-ments.

235, Registers, subclass 924 for registerswhich use a ferroelectric element.

250, Radiant Energy, subclass 370 and 492for a radiant energy source which maybe combined with a piezoelectric ele-ment.

252, Compositions, subclass 62.9 and theclasses specified in the notes thereto,for piezoelectric compositions.

307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon-nection Systems, subclass 400.

313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 508 for the combination of apiezoelectric element and a lumines-cent solid or liquid.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 118 for magnetostrictivemotor systems which may be similarto piezoelectric motor systems.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for the miscellaneous gen-erator systems having a nonmagneticgenerator (other than a piezoelectricgenerator).

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 727 for processes and meansfor subjecting a piezoelectric elementto an electric test, as for the purposeof predicting its frequency drift, ordetermining the polarity of chargeproduced by mechanical stress, or ofdetermining its activity. Search sub-classes 76.39+ for frequency meters,per se. Search subclass 109 for elec-tricity sensing, measuring, or testingusing a piezoelectric element.

330, Amplifiers, subclass 5.5 for paramet-ric amplifiers which may use piezo-electric material.

359, Optics: Systems (Including Commu-nication) and Elements, subclasses230+ for light control by a piezoelec-tric opaque element.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 271+ for capaci-tors, per se, which may be similar inmaterial or structure to a piezoelectricelement.

363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for such sys-tems which utilize piezoelectricdevices.

365, Static Information Storage andRetrieval, subclass 145 for ferroelec-tric storage systems. Note the polar-ization of the ferroelectric element isusually changed as a function of thestored information.

374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, sub-classes 117+ for temperature measur-ing using a vibratory effect.

427, Coating Processes, subclass 100 forpiezoelectric materials produced bycoating methods.

312 Adding or subtracting mass:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter combined with a means forchanging the mass of the piezoelectric element,e.g., depositing mass onto or evaporating massfrom the surface of a piezoelectric element tochange its resonant frequency.

(1) Note. Other methods of changing themass include grinding, cutting, or chemi-cal etching.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 where

the changing of the mass may be astep in the manufacture of a piezo-electric device.

313 Surface acoustic wave devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter wherein a piezoelectric elementis combined with, or comprises, a material orbody having an elastic surface on which vary-ing mechanical stresses produced by the piezo-electric element travel.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:334, for piezoelectric generators of acous-

tic waves which travel through a bodyor material rather than on the surfaceof the body or material, e.g., “bulkmode”.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:235, Registers, subclass 181 and 197 for

devices wherein the surface wavedevice functions as a correlator orconvolver.

333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net-works, subclasses 157+ for deviceswherein the waveguide serves as adelay line, and subclasses 187+ wherethe surface wave device performs asan electric filter.

314 Electrical systems:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter for supplying electric energy viaan electric circuit element to piezoelectricdevices and/or electric circuit elements whichare supplied with electric energy by piezoelec-tric devices.

(1) Note. The circuit element is other thanjust an electrode of the piezoelectricdevice.


67+ for piezoelectric transducerswhich couple an alternating current,electric circuit, and a device havingmechanical vibrations for testing pur-poses and for the testing system whichutilizes such transducers.

181, Acoustics, subclasses 101+ for acous-tic wave (especially seismic) whichmay utilize a piezoelectric element.

307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon-nection Systems, subclass 400 forelectrical systems utilizing electrets.

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 116 for electric motor controlsystems where the electric motor is ofthe piezoelectric type. Note that sub-class 314 of this class (310) also con-tains some systems where electric

potential is applied to a piezoelectricdevice.

322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for the miscellaneous gen-erator systems having a nonmagneticgenerator (other than a piezoelectricgenerator).

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 727 for processes of andmeans for subjecting a piezoelectriccrystal to an electric test, as for thepurpose of predicting its frequencydrift, or of determining the polarity ofcharge produced by mechanical stress,or of determining its activity. Searchsubclasses 76.39+ for frequencymeters, per se.

330, Amplifiers, subclass 5.5 for solid ele-ment wave propagating amplifierswherein the solid element may be ofthe piezoelectric phonon type, andsubclass 174 for amplifiers havingelectromechanical transducers, whichmay be piezoelectric crystals, in a sig-nal coupling circuit.

333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net-works, subclass 149 for delay net-works utilizing piezoelectric devices,and subclasses 187+ for filters utiliz-ing piezoelectric devices.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclass 211 for electric cir-cuits for relays which may be piezo-electric.

363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for such sys-tems utilizing piezoelectric devices.

367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-classes 140+ for piezoelectric trans-ducers used in electrical acousticwave communication.

369, Dynamic Information Storage orRetrieval, subclass 144 for a piezo-electric phonograph pickup.

600, Surgery, subclasses 437+ for ultra-sonic systems which may include apiezoelectric element.

601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclasses15+ and 46+ for ultrasonic systemswhich may include a piezoelectric ele-ment.


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315 Temperature compensation circuits:This subclass is indented under subclass 314.Subject matter having circuit elements associ-ated with the piezoelectric element which com-pensate for changes in its piezoelectricproperties upon changes in temperature, e.g.,turnover point, impedance, frequency, resis-tance, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:331, Oscillators, subclass 116 for electro-

mechanical resonator controlled oscil-lators which may compensate viaelectric circuit elements for changesin the resonator frequency due to thetemperature change.

316.01 Input circuit for simultaneous electrical andmechanical output from piezoelectric ele-ment:This subclass is indented under subclass 314.Subject matter wherein (a) electrical energy issupplied to the piezoelectric element and (b)the piezoelectric element has an electrical out-put and a mechanical output both of which areutilized.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype may include feedback circuits.

(2) Note. A device such as a nondestructivetesting unit which is electrically excitedto produce an acoustic wave output andthen receives the returning acousticwave and converts that into an electricoutput is viewed as having sequentialrather than simultaneous outputs forclassification purposes under subclass314. Thus, such a device which includeselectric-circuit elements for both inputand output would usually be classified insubclasses 317 or 319 rather than in thissubclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:318, for the combination of an electric cir-

cuit element and an electrical resona-tor comprised of a piezoelectricdevice which converts an alternatingelectrical input voltage to mechanicalmotion which is entirely converted bythe piezoelectric device itself back to

an alternating electrical output voltagehaving the same frequency as, and inphase with the input voltage.

321, for such piezoelectric devices, per se,which include some structure otherthan the piezoelectric element itself tomechanically establish the resonantfrequency of the device.

326, for such piezoelectric devices whereinthe resonant frequency is establishedby mechanically damping undesiredfrequencies.

348+, for such piezoelectric devices, per se,in which the piezoelectric elementitself determines the resonant fre-quency.

316.02 Traveling wave motor:This subclass is indented under subclass316.01. Subject matter wherein two or moregroups or piezoelectric elements lying along adriving surface expand and contract in repeti-tive cycles generating a mechanical output hav-ing a crest or high point which appears to movealong the surface of the piezoelectric elementsalong a direction of travel (typically rotary orlinearly) whereby a driven surface pressedresiently against the driving surface is carriedalong the direction of the crest or high point.

316.03 Charging and discharging:This subclass is indented under subclass316.01. Subject matter having specific cir-cuitry (e.g., capacitor, coil, combination etc.)either (a) to source electrons flowing to thepiezoelectric element, or (b) to sink electronsflowing from the piezoelectric element.


Devices, subclasses 225+ for the stepof merely charging or polarizingpiezoelectric material.

317 Input circuit for mechanical output frompiezoelectric element:This subclass is indented under subclass 314.Subject matter having electric circuit elementsfor driving the piezoelectric element for thepurpose of producing a usable mechanical out-put therefrom.


1October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:316, for similar subject matter having, in

addition, an electrical output which isfed back to the input.

318 Input circuit for electrical output frompiezoelectric element:This subclass is indented under subclass 314.Subject matter having electric circuit elementsfor driving the piezoelectric element for pro-ducing an electrical output from the piezoelec-tric element.

(1) Note. The output may be fed back to theinput circuitry or to additional circuitry.Examples of devices in this subclass arecircuits in which the piezoelectric ele-ment behaves or functions as an electriccircuit element rather than being utilizedfor any mechanical output, e.g., oscilla-tors, resonators.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:316, for similar subject matter having, in

addition a utilizable mechanical out-put.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:329, Demodulators, particularly subclass

328 for a demodulator including apiezoelectric element.

331, Oscillators, subclass 73 for electroncoupled oscillators employing piezo-electric crystals, subclass 116 for tran-sistor oscillators employing anelectromechanical resonator whichmay be of the piezoelectric type, sub-class 139 for crystal bridge type oscil-lators, subclass 155 for oscillatorsutilizing a piezoelectric crystal to cou-ple an electromechanical oscillatorfrequency determining resonator tothe oscillator system, and subclasses158+ for piezoelectric crystal typeoscillator systems in general.

332, Modulators, especially subclasses139+ for piezoelectric elements usedin frequency modulators.

368, Horology: Time Measuring Systemsor Devices, subclasses 155+ for elec-tric oscillators used in clocks whichmay utilize a piezoelectric element.

319 Electrical output circuit:This subclass is indented under subclass 314.Subject matter having an electric circuit ele-ment which receives the electric output fromthe piezoelectric element.

(1) Note. This subclass is generallyrestricted to devices that have a mechan-ical input to the piezoelectric device.However, an exception is where an elec-tric input to a piezoelectric device isacknowledged as prior art or merelynominally disclosed (e.g., as by schemat-ically representing an A.C. or D.C.source as the input), or where the piezo-electric device functions as both an elec-tromechanical transducer and amechanical to electrical transducer andthe electric input circuit is acknowledgedas prior art or merely nominally dis-closed (the output circuit may be to “pro-tect” the input circuit from the voltageproduced by the mechanical-electricalfunction).

320 Piezoelectric slab having different resonantfrequencies at different areas:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter wherein a unit of piezoelectricmaterial is disclosed as having a resonantregion and at least one other region that has adeliberately different resonant frequency fromthe first resonant region, e.g., energy trapped,dot resonator, or monolithic filter devices.

(1) Note. Devices which use the energy trap-ping concept are specifically includedsince the regions in which the energy istrapped (usually under electrodes) mustbe different from that of the surroundingregion (usually not electrodes). Thus,even if the device has only one resona-tor, it has two regions with different res-onant frequencies. The same reasonsapply to monolithic filters.

(2) Note. Typical ways of providing differ-ent resonant frequencies on the sameslab of piezoelectric material are loading


October 2010

portions of the material, or removingportions of the material, or providingchanges in the cross section of the slab.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322, for acoustic wave generators which

may utilize a wedge or other shapeelement which has different resonantfrequencies in different areas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net-

works, subclasses 187+ for electricfilters that may utilize such a piezo-electric slab.

321 Combined with resonant structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter wherein the piezoelectric ele-ment is combined with structure whose naturalfrequency of vibration is disclosed as being thesame as the operating frequency of vibration ofthe piezoelectric element.

(1) Note. “Resonant structure” is intended tobe structure other than a mere supportfor a piezoelectric resonator.

(2) Note. Examples of devices found in thissubclass would be composite resonators(e.g., tuning forks or electric filters)comprised of piezoelectric elementsmounted on structure which togetherhave a resonant frequency within theoperating frequency of the device, thepiezoelectric element(s) being eitherinput and/or output transducers for thedevice.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:345, and 348, for mounting devices for

piezoelectric elements that may reso-nate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:84, Music, subclass 409 for tuning forks.178, Telegraphy, subclass 70 for tuning

forks.333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net-

works, subclasses 187+ for piezoelec-tric wave filters (combination ofpiezoelectric element and resonator).

368, Horology: Time Measuring Systemsor Devices, subclasses 155+ for reso-nant vibrators.

322 Acoustic wave type generator or receiver:This subclass is indented under subclass 321.Subject matter wherein the mechanical energyapplied to or produced by the resonant struc-ture is disclosed as being caused by or produc-ing traveling compressions in an elasticmaterial.

(1) Note. The combination of a piezoelectricelement and a cavity resonator isincluded in this subclass even though thewave is a “standing wave” rather than atraveling wave.

(2) Note. Since devices which produce orreceive acoustic waves can sometimesbe structurally similar to mechanicallycoupled devices, the search notes forsubclasses 323 and 328 should be con-sulted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:334, and 335, for acoustic wave devices

that don't necessarily use a resonantstructure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:47, Plant Husbandry, Digest 12 for ultra-

sonic generators which may utilize apiezoelectric element.

68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 3 for use of supersonicenergy in washing machines.

73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses67+ and 522 for piezoelectric trans-ducers which couple an alternatingcurrent, electric circuit and a devicehaving mechanical vibrations for test-ing purposes.

99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 451 and Digest 12 for use ofsupersonic energy in food processing.

116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses137+, Digests 18 and 19 for acousticwave signaling devices, e.g., noisemakers.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, subclass 1 and 17 for pro-cesses of cleaning or fluid treatment


1October 2010

of solids which may include the appli-cation of ultrasonic energy.

166, Wells, subclass 177 and 249 for pro-cesses and apparatus to apply acousticor vibrational energy to the materialsurrounding a well bore.

181, Acoustics, subclass .5, 106, 108, 113,139, and 142 for acoustic wave gener-ators and detectors.

200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break-ers, subclass 61.01 and Digest 20 foracoustically actuated switches.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 738 for processes or appara-tus involving coagulation by ultra-sonic vibrations, and subclass 542 forapparatus for coagulating suspen-sions utilizing piezoelectric means.

340, Communications: Electrical, subclass870.3 for piezoelectric transmitters,and subclasses 384.1+ for electricallydriven noise makers.

366, Agitating, subclass 127 for apparatusfor agitating which utilize piezoelec-tric means.

367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-classes 140+ for piezoelectric trans-ducers used in electrical acousticwave communication; and subclasses197+ for sound responsive selectivedevices.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis-infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, orSterilizing, subclass 20 and 127+ forprocess and apparatus using acousticwave generating means.

600, Surgery, subclasses 437+ for systemsusing acoustic or vibratory energy formedical treatment or diagnosis.

601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclasses46+ for systems using acoustic orvibratory energy for medical treat-ment or diagnosis.

323.01 Direct mechanical coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 321.Subject matter in which the resonant structurephysically contacts a body on which it per-forms work, or from which it receives energy.

(1) Note. Examples of subject matter in thissubclass include ultrasonic tools, vibra-tors and atomizers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:328+, for devices which may be similar, but

don't operate at resonance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:30, Cutlery, subclass 45 for a vibratory

cutting device which may be drivenby a piezoelectric element.

74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-class 1 for supersonic tools whichmay be driven at resonance by apiezoelectric element. Note that thisclass contains mechanical amplitudetransformers, per se.

228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 1.1,110.1+ and 262 for ultrasonic welderswhich may use a piezoelectric ele-ment.

366, Agitating, subclass 127 for agitatorsor vibrators which may be driven by apiezoelectric element.

408, Cutting by Use of Rotating AxiallyMoving Tool, subclass 700 for ultra-sonic cutters which may be driven bya piezoelectric element.

433, Dentistry, subclass 86 and 119 forultrasonic dental tools driven by apiezoelectric element.

451, Abrading, subclass 165 and 910 forultrasonic abrading.

601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclasses46+ for vibrators which may be drivenby a piezoelectric element.

323.02 Motor producing continual motion:This subclass is indented under subclass323.01. Subject matter wherein the piezoelec-tric element expands and contract cyclicallyand repeatedly to produce motion of an arma-ture or rotor along a single direction.

(1) Note. Motion can be linear or rotary.

323.03 Traveling wave motor:This subclass is indented under subclass323.02. Subject matter wherein two or moregroups or piezoelectric elements lying along adriving surface expand and contract in repeti-tive cycles generating a mechanical output hav-ing a crest or high point which appears to movealong the surface of the piezoelectric elementsalong a direction of travel (typically rotary or


October 2010

linearly) whereby a driven surface pressedresiently against the driving surface is carriedalong the direction of the crest or high point.

323.04 Stator:This subclass is indented under subclass323.03. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to either (a) the structure which gen-erates the traveling wave or (b) means for bear-ing the weight of the structure which generatesthe traveling wave.

323.05 Support:This subclass is indented under subclass323.04. Subject matter having a specificmounting apparatus (attachment device) tohold the stator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:345, and subclass 348, for mounting

devices for piezoelectric elements thatmay resonate.

323.06 Piezoelectric element or electrode: This subclass is indented under subclass323.04. Subject matter having a specific detailof either (a) the piezoelectric element (e.g.,geometry, shape, placement etc.) or (b) an elec-tric conductor for connecting the piezoelectricelement to a source of current.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:323.11, for specific material or composition of

the piezoelement in a vibration waveor traveling wave motor.

323.07 Oval track:This subclass is indented under subclass323.04. Subject matter wherein either the sta-tor or the driving surface has a closed loopshape with at least one set of parallel straightportions.

323.08 Armature:This subclass is indented under subclass323.03. Subject matter having a specific detaildirected to the driven member of the motorsuch as shape, geometry or structure.

323.09 Pressing means detail:This subclass is indented under subclass323.08. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to resilient means used for pushingthe driven member against the driving surfacesuch as shape, type, or orientation.

323.11 Specific material or composition:This subclass is indented under subclass323.03. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to a specific substance or compoundused to construct the traveling wave motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:252, Compositions, subclass 62.9 for com-

positions specialized and designed foruse as piezoelectric materials and pro-cesses of making said compositions.

323.12 Langevin or pencil type motor:This subclass is indented under subclass323.02. Subject matter wherein an ultrasonicmotor comprises either (a) a stator having of alongitudinal-torsional composite resonator or(b) a stack of piezoelectric elements stackedlongitudinally in a direction along the length ofa generally long cylinderical shaped armature.

323.13 Output member detail: This subclass is indented under subclass323.12. Subject matter wherein the motorarmature is provided with specific means tofacilitate coupling to a driven body.

323.14 Roller or ball elements:This subclass is indented under subclass323.13. Subject matter wherein the outputmember has a structure employing either cylin-drical or spherical shaped members.

323.15 Material or material property:This subclass is indented under subclass323.13. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to a specific substance or has a spe-cific characteristic.

323.16 Elliptical motion at fixed point (i.e., walk-ing) or Ratchet and Pawl motor: This subclass is indented under subclass323.02. Subject matter having either (a) anactuator with a fixed base and two or morepiezoelectric elements each causing the actua-tor to move in a direction, the combined


1October 2010

motion of the two or more piezoelectric ele-ments causes the actuator to orbit, wherebyrepetitive orbits of the actuator pushes thedriven member along a direction of travel or(b) a rotor or a driven member is constrainedby a hinged or pivoted device adapted to fitinto a notch or sloping tooth of a bar or wheelto permit motion in one direction only.

323.17 Positions an object:This subclass is indented under subclass323.01. Subject matter a piezoelectric elementexpands or contracts to locate or adjust a mem-ber into a desired location.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic

Information, subclass 68, and 70 for apiezoelectric element which contractsto deform a vibration plate attacheddirectly to the piezoelectric element toexpel ink droplets.

323.18 Device performs work on an object (e.g.,welding, cutting):This subclass is indented under subclass323.01. Subject matter wherein the piezoelec-tric element applies an oscillating force to abody for moving the body a distance.

323.19 Horn or transmission line:This subclass is indented under subclass323.01. Subject matter wherein either (a) thepiezoelectric element is used as a transducer toconvert electric energy into sound energy or (b)the piezoelectric element is combined with spe-cific means to conduct sound energy.


works, subclasses 187+ for piezoelec-tric wave filters (combination ofpiezoelectric element and resonator).

323.21 Detector (e.g. sensor):This subclass is indented under subclass323.01. Subject matter wherein the piezoelec-tric element has a characteristic which changesin response to a change in a physical parameteror condition, and assessment is made of thephysical parameter or condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclass

35.11 for a piezoelectric vibrationsensor, for detecting engine knock.Subclasses 290, 721, 727, 763+, and861.18+ for various force or pressuremeasuring and indicating devices orsystems which may utilize a piezo-electric transducing element. Sub-classes 763+ for strain sensors whichmay use a piezoelectric element, sub-classes 861.18 for flow meters whichmay use a piezoelectric element, sub-class 290 for depth or liquid levelgases which may utilize a piezoelec-tric element, and Digest 4 for variouspiezoelectric measuring and testingdevices.

324 Diaphragm:This subclass is indented under subclass 321.Subject matter in which the resonant structureis a diaphragm mechanically associated withthe piezoelectric element, the combinationbeing resonant at the operating frequency ofthe piezoelectric element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:328, for the combination of a diaphragm

driven by a piezoelectric elementwhich diaphragm is not resonant withrespect to the operating frequency atthe element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:181, Acoustics, subclasses 148+ for acous-

tical devices which use diaphragms.340, Communications: Electrical, subclass

338 for a noise generator which mayinclude a piezoelectric elementmounted on a diaphragm.

325 Sandwich or langevin type: This subclass is indented under subclass 321.Subject matter in which the piezoelectric ele-ment or elements are coupled to a front and/orrear mass, which combined structure is dis-closed as being resonant at the operating wave-length.

(1) Note. Devices of this subclass type mayconsist of, for example, a piezoelectric


October 2010

element connected to the wall of a clean-ing tank, the combined structure beingresonant at the operating wavelength or apiezoelectric element connected to amechanical amplifier (horn) and a tool,the combined structure being resonant atthe operating wavelength. Devices ofthis subclass type may be referred to asthe Boldine type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:366, Agitating, Cross-Reference Art Col-

lection, 600 for similar resonant struc-tures.

326 Combined with damping structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having the piezoelectric elementcombined with structure designed to absorb, orattenuate undesired energy emanated from orapplied to the element.

(1) Note. Subject matter under subclass typedoes not include structure which merelymounts a piezoelectric resonator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:181, Acoustics, appropriate subclasses for

various specific acoustic wave attenu-ators or modifiers.

327 On back of piezoelectric element: This subclass is indented under subclass 326.Subject matter in which an absorber or attenua-tor is in intimate contact with a first part of thesurface of the piezoelectric element to removemechanical energy therefrom while mechanicalenergy is allowed to emanate from or intoanother part of the surface not in the sameplane with the first part.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:335, for piezoelectric devices which elimi-

nate back waves by reflecting them torecombine them either constructivelywith the front wave, or destructivelywith the back wave.


67+ for nondestructive testing appara-tus which may use a piezoelectric ele-

ment with an attenuating element on asurface.

328 With mechanical energy coupling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having means to apply mechan-ical energy from an external source to thepiezoelectric element to mechanically stressthe element, or means to apply mechanicalenergy produced by the element to an externalload.

(1) Note. The means of this subclass typeare other than those whose only proxi-mate function is to contribute to theproper operation of the piezoelectric ele-ment itself such as by supporting, hous-ing, prestressing, or damping theelement. The means of this subclass typemay, however, perform such contribu-tory functions in addition to its energytransferring function. In such cases, themeans may be considered as having twocoequal proximate functions, i.e., a con-tributory function and a transferringfunction, the transferring function beingthe basis for classification in this sub-class. Whether or not such means ren-ders a recited combination classifiable inthis subclass may depend on the dis-closed intended use of the means. Forexample, if a piezoelectric element isrecited in combination with a housing,the proximate function of the housingmay be assumed to be contributory, i.e.,to contribute to the proper operation ofthe piezoelectric element by protecting itfrom its environment, which is insuffi-cient basis for placement in this subclass.However, it may be disclosed that thehousing is additionally intended to trans-fer mechanical energy from the piezo-electric element to a load external to thehousing (e.g., air, as in the case of certainacoustic transducers) in which case thecombination is classifiable here.

(2) Note. The coupling means of this sub-class type is not necessarily limited tomotion transmitting members such asmechanical linkages, diaphragms, etc.,but may include reaction memberswhich cooperate with the piezoelectricelement to render the element itself


1October 2010

capable of directly applying its mechani-cal energy to a load or receiving mechan-ical energy from source. Such meansmay, for example, be recited as a “sup-port” which in addition to merely fixingthe element in a particular location rela-tive to the support itself, is disclosed as ameans against which forces produced bythe element may react in order that theelement may do work on an externalload. In this case, the “support” is con-sidered as having two proximate func-tions [see (1) Note above], i.e., to fixedlylocate the element with respect to thesupport itself and to render the combina-tion capable of applying the mechanicalenergy of the element to an externalload.

(3) Note. Refer to the SEARCH CLASSnotes of subclass 323 for the loci of sim-ilar art which may contain a piezoelec-tric device (which may or may not beresonant).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:323, and 325, for similar devices which

may be designed to be resonant at thedriving frequency.


763+ for strain sensors which may usea piezoelectric element, subclasses861.18 for flow meters which may usea piezoelectric element, subclass 290for depth or liquid level gases whichmay utilize a piezoelectric element,and Digest 4 for various piezoelectricmeasuring and testing devices.

84, Music, subclasses 730+ for electrictone generators or pickups combinedwith a musical device, wherein saidgenerator or pickup could utilize apiezoelectric element, and Digest 24for various piezoelectric devicesmechanically coupled to a musicalinstrument.

137, Fluid Handling, subclass 827, 828and 831 for fluid control devices (e.g.,fluid amplifier) which may be com-bined with a piezoelectric element.

181, Acoustics, subclass .5 for seismicvibration detectors which may use apiezoelectric element.

200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break-ers, subclass 181 for switching whichmay utilize a piezoelectric element.

366, Agitating, subclass 127 for an agitat-ing apparatus utilizing a piezoelectricactuating means.

369, Dynamic Information Storage orRetrieval, subclasses 128+ for elec-tromechanical storage or retrieval;and subclass 144 for piezoelectricphonograph pickups.

417, Pumps, subclass 322 for pumps whichmay use a piezoelectric element.

329 Including inertia type operator:This subclass is indented under subclass 328.Subject matter wherein the coupling meansincludes a massive body which is mechanicallyconnected to a part of the peripheral surface ofthe piezoelectric element and which is movablerelative to another part of the peripheral surfaceof the element in at least one direction so thatwhen an accelerating force is applied to thecombination in the one direction, the resultingacceleration of the massive body causes thepart of the peripheral surface to which it is con-nected to move relative to the other part of theperipheral surface to thus stress the elementbetween the two parts of its peripheral surface.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to acceleration or velocity sensing ele-ments, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 71

for vibration sensing apparatus utiliz-ing an inertia element, and subclasses516+ for inertia-type accelerometers.

102, Ammunition and Explosive Devices, subclass 210 and Digest 5 for inertiaoperated ignites.

367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-class 158 for inertia operated piezo-electric transducers for use in under-water electrical acoustic wavecommunications.


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330 Bending type:This subclass is indented under subclass 328.Subject matter wherein the mechanical stressesapplied to or produced within the piezoelectricelement include a coplanar pair of oppositelydirected moments of mechanical force.

331 Plural elements:This subclass is indented under subclass 330.Subject matter having two or more piezoelec-tric elements and wherein bending typemechanical stresses are produced in at least oneof the elements.

332 Multimorph:This subclass is indented under subclass 331.Subject matter having at least two piezoelectricelements so joined and oriented that oneexpands while the other contracts to produce abending type mechanical stress in the compos-ite structure.

(1) Note. The elements of the multimorphsof this subclass type may be in directphysical contact with each other or maybe separated by a spacing means or “cen-ter vane”.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:369, Dynamic Information Storage or

Retrieval, subclass 144 for the struc-ture of piezoelectric phonographpickup s which utilize multimorphicelements.

333 Shear or torsional type:This subclass is indented under subclass 328.Subject matter wherein the mechanical stressesapplied to or produced within the piezoelectricelement include a pair of noncolinear, oppo-sitely directly linear forces, or a pair of oppo-sitely directed moments of mechanical forceacting in parallel planes.

334 Acoustic wave type generator or receiver: This subclass is indented under subclass 328.Subject matter wherein the mechanical energyapplied to or produced by the piezoelectric ele-ment is disclosed as being caused by or produc-ing traveling compressions in an elasticmaterial.

(1) Note. See the SEARCH CLASS notes ofsubclass 322 above, for the loci of simi-lar art which may contain a piezoelectricdevice (which may or may not be reso-nant).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:322, for acoustic generators and receivers

using a resonant structure.


works, subclass 149 and 187+ forelectric delay lines or filter networkshaving, as a part thereof, means forcoupling vibrational energy between apiezoelectric crystal and a mechanicaldelay line or filter.

335 With lens or reflector:This subclass is indented under subclass 334.Subject matter combined with means to changethe direction of a ray of the acoustic waveenergy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:181, Acoustics subclasses 175+ for acous-

tic transducers combined with a soundmodifier.

367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-class 150 and 151 for acoustic trans-ducers combined with a lens or reflec-tor, respectively.

336 Nondestructive testing type:This subclass is indented under subclass 334.Subject matter disclosed as being used in thedetermination of physical characteristics of abody or material by producing acoustic waveenergy to be applied to the body or materialand/or by being mechanically stressed byacoustic wave energy received from the bodyor material.


67+ for systems which utilize theabove transducers.


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337 Underwater type:This subclass is indented under subclass 334.Subject matter wherein the piezoelectric ele-ment is enclosed in a submergible watertighthousing, which housing provides for the trans-mission of acoustic energy between the ele-ment and the water in which the housing issubmerged.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:367, Communications, Electrical: Acous-

tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub-classes 141+ for similar underwaterpiezoelectric transducers.

338 Force or pressure measuring type:This subclass is indented under subclass 328.Subject matter wherein the electrical output ofthe piezoelectric element is disclosed as beingused to indicate the magnitude of the mechani-cal force or forces stressing the element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 290,

721, 727, 763+, and 861.18+ for vari-ous force or pressure measuring andindicating devices or systems whichmay utilize a piezoelectric transduc-ing element.

600, Surgery, subclasses 481+ for a cardio-vascular pressure transducer whichmay utilize a piezoelectric transduc-ing element.

339 Voltage, spark or current generator: This subclass is indented under subclass 328.Subject matter wherein mechanical energyfrom an external source is applied to the piezo-electric element to produce an electric potentialdifference between at least two electricallyaccessible points on the surface of the element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:84, Music, Digest 24 for piezoelectric sig-

nal generators stimulated by a musicalinstrument.

102, Ammunition and Explosive Devices, subclass 18, 210 and Digest 5 for volt-age generators which may include apiezoelectric element.

123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub-class 148 for a piezoelectric sparkgenerator.

200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break-ers, subclass 61.01 and Digest 20 forsound or vibration devices which pro-duce a signal and may include apiezoelectric element.

315, Electric Lamp and DischargeDevices: Systems, subclass 55 and209 for piezoelectric element sparkgenerators.

340, Communications: Electrical, subclass365 for pressure sensitive keyboardswhich generate an electric signal andmay use a piezoelectric element.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 247+ and particu-larly subclass 260 for piezoelectricignites.

431, Combustion, subclass 43, 128, 132,254+, 258+, and Digests 58, 60 and63 for electric ignites which may uti-lize a piezoelectric element.

340 Encapsulated or coated:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having a protective means indirect, intimate contact with all surfaces of thepiezoelectric element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscella-

neous Chemical Manufacture, appro-priate subclasses for laminating meth-ods including adding a moisture prooflayer to an object.

264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shap-ing or Treating: Processes, subclass272 for electrical component encapsu-lating.

427, Coating Processes, appropriate sub-classes for moisture proofing by coat-ing.

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-cles, appropriate subclasses for astock material product in the form of asingle or plural layer web or sheet,including a waterproof component,note especially subclass 321 and 351(in which the web or sheet is structur-ally defined or has a structurallydefined element or component), andsubclasses 411+ for a nonstructurallaminate defined merely by the com-position of the layers.


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341 With temperature modifier and/or gas orvapor atmosphere control:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having means to maintain orchange the temperature of the piezoelectric ele-ment, or having means to control or confinegas or vapor around the element.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype includes, for example, heat sinks,heat shields, fans, and cooling fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:346, for a piezoelectric element combined

with structure whose properties com-pensate for undesired changes in thedevice which would result from tem-perature change.


tors, appropriate subclasses for hous-ing and envelopes having means forconducting electricity between theinside and outside of the housing orenvelope, including such devices asare used for piezoelectric elements.See subclass 9 for those involving theuse of a vacuum, subclass 14 for thosehaving fluid conditioning or mainte-nance means, subclasses 15.1+ forthose having temperature modifyingmeans, subclasses 17.05+ and 50.5+for hermetically sealed envelopes, andsubclasses 50+ for miscellaneousboxes and housings.

219, Electric Heating, subclasses 19+ forelectric heating apparatus, per se,designed to produce a constant tem-perature.

220, Receptacles, appropriate subclassesfor the structure of housings, casings,and envelopes, per se. Note particu-larly subclasses 2.1+ where the hous-ing, casing, or envelope is of the elec-tric discharge tube or similar (such aspiezoelectric crystal) type.

331, Oscillators, subclass 69 for oscilla-tors with outer casing or housing pro-vided with means to modify thetemperature therein and wherein theoscillator may utilize a piezoelectric

crystal element, and subclass 70 foroscillators which may utilize a piezo-electric crystal element with means tomodify the crystal temperature.

342 For plural piezoelectric elements:This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter which includes more than onepiezoelectric element.

343 With heating element:This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter having means to add heat to thepiezoelectric element, which means is a heatproducing element (e.g., resistive heater withinthe crystal housing or directly in contact withthe crystal).


tors, subclasses 15+ for enclosures forcircuit elements which may include aheater.

219, Electric Heating, subclass 210 for thecombination of a piezoelectric ele-ment and a heating device.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclass 1 for tempera-ture control devices which mayinclude, or protect a piezoelectric ele-ment.

331, Oscillators, subclass 69 and 70 foroscillators with outer casing or hous-ing provided with means to modifythe temperature therein, which oscil-lator may utilize a piezoelectric ele-ment.

344 Sealed unit:This subclass is indented under subclass 341.Subject matter including an airtight housingaround the crystal element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:343, for sealed enclosures which are

heated.


tors, subclasses 8+, 17.05+ and 50.5+for hermetically sealed housings com-bined with an electric circuit elementwhich may be a piezoelectric element.


1October 2010

345 Supported by elastic material:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter wherein the only member (otherthan a lead wire for electrical connection to theelectrodes) physically contacting the piezoelec-tric element is comprised of rubber, bulk fiber(e.g., glass wool), foam rubber, or other elas-tomer.

346 With temperature compensating structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having structure whose proper-ties compensate for undesired changes in thedevice which would result from temperaturechange.

(1) Note. Undesired changes of this subclasstype cause, for example, force to beapplied to the crystal as a result ofexpansion or contraction of the crystal orstructurally associated member due totemperature variation. Structure of thissubclass type may have, for example,matching or mismatching coefficients ofthermal expansion. Devices that merelymodify the temperature, or keep the tem-perature around the crystal unchanged(e.g., heat sinks, fans, ovens, etc.), how-ever, are provided for elsewhere. See thesearch notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:341, for the combination of a piezoelectric

element and a temperature modifyingmeans.

347 Compensated air gap:This subclass is indented under subclass 346.Subject matter wherein the device includes atleast one electrode for the piezoelectric ele-ment which is spaced from the piezoelectricelement to form an air gap, and the temperaturecompensating structure either keeps the air gapconstant for changes in temperature, or elsepurposely varies the air gap so that the piezo-electric element's output remains constant forchanges in temperature.

348 With mounting or support means:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having means to spatially posi-tion the piezoelectric element relative to somereference structure or reference point.

(1) Note. This subclass and those indentedhereunder include, for example, meansfor mounting piezoelectric elements thatfunction merely as resonators, filters, orother circuit element types of devices,i.e., an electrical-to-mechanical-back-to-electrical type of transducer. The devicesmay be viewed as “passive” in that theydon't perform mechanical work on some-thing, or receive mechanical energy fromsomething.

349 Air gap:This subclass is indented under subclass 348.Subject matter wherein the device includes atleast one electrode for the piezoelectric ele-ment which is spaced from the piezoelectricelement or contacts the piezoelectric elementwithout being mechanically attached to it, i.e.,the electrode merely lays on the piezoelectricelement, or the piezoelectric element merelyrests on the electrode.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:347, for air gap type devices which include

a means to compensate for the effectstemperature change could have on thedevice due to change in the air gap.

350 Adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 349.Subject matter having means to adjust the posi-tion of the electrode.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:354, for similar adjustable mounting struc-

ture but which clamps the piezoelec-tric element.

351 Suspended by thin member:This subclass is indented under subclass 348.Subject matter in which each member thatphysically contacts the piezoelectric element isrelatively long and thin (e.g., rod, wire, spring,thread, string, etc.), and supports the piezoelec-


October 2010

tric element in the direction of its (the mem-ber's) long dimension.

(1) Note. If the thin rod member also exertsa significant clamping pressure on thepiezoelectric element, the device is clas-sified under subclasses 354+ below.

352 Point contact on major surface only: This subclass is indented under subclass 351.Subject matter wherein the suspension membercontacts the piezoelectric element only on amajor surface or surfaces, and the area of con-tact is small relative to the total area of themajor surface.

353 Contact at edges only:This subclass is indented under subclass 351.Subject matter wherein each suspension mem-ber contacts the piezoelectric element only atan edge or edges of the element.

354 Clamped:This subclass is indented under subclass 348.Subject matter wherein the mounting meansexerts a compressive stress on the piezoelectricelement to secure it to a base or support and notmerely for the purpose of preloading an ele-ment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:350, for adjustable mounting structure

which does not actually clamp thepiezoelectric element.

355 Spring bias:This subclass is indented under subclass 354.Subject matter in which the clamping force isthe result of a resilient member (e.g., a spring).

356 90 degrees to major surface and marginclamped only:This subclass is indented under subclass 355.Subject matter wherein the clamping force isapplied in a direction perpendicular to themajor surfaces, and the crystal surface is inphysical contact with its support structure onlyalong the outer, peripheral edge of the majorsurfaces or portion thereof.

357 Orientation of piezoelectric polarization: This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Piezoelectric noncrystalline materials and ele-ments in which the direction of polarization issignificant with respect to the piezoelectricproperty of the material and/or in adopting theelement to its intended function.

(1) Note. This subclass may contain meth-ods of polarizing materials, per se,wherein such polarizing produces apiezoelectrically active element.

(2) Note. This subclass includes noncrystal-line piezoids such as amorphous quartz,or quartz crystals in a binder which maythen have various axis aligned.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 for

methods of making piezoelectricdevices which may include the step ofpolarizing.

252, Compositions, subclass 62.9 and theclasses specified in the notes theretofor piezoelectric compositions.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclass 233 for methods oftreating articles with electric energywhich may include polarizing.

427, Coating Processes, subclasses 457+and 472 for polarization or orientedvapor deposition of a possibly piezo-electric element.

358 Ceramic composition (e.g., BaTiO3):This subclass is indented under subclass 357.Subject matter in which the piezoelectric mate-rial is comprised of an oriented (polarized)solid polycrystalline aggregate material, e.g.,BaTiO3.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic,

subclass 391.5 for ceramic composi-tions in general.


1October 2010

359 More than one poling direction (e.g., rosentransformer):This subclass is indented under subclass 358.Subject matter wherein a piezoelectric elementis polarized in a curvilinear or more than onelinear direction.

(1) Note. This subclass may include mem-ory devices wherein the polarizationdirection is changed to represent a storedbit of information.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:340, Communications: Electrical, subclass

173.2 for ferroelectric storage sys-tems.

360 Rotation of crystal axis (e.g., cut angle): This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter comprising piezoelectric crys-talline materials and elements wherein the ori-entation of the crystallographic axis withrespect to the piezoelectric property of thematerials is recited and significant in adaptingthe element to its intended function.

361 Quartz:This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter in which the piezoelectric mate-rial is crystalline silicon dioxide.

362 Rochelle salt:This subclass is indented under subclass 360.Subject matter in which the piezoelectric mate-rial is potassium sodium tartrate.

363 Electrode materials:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter having electrodes attached tothe piezoelectric element wherein the composi-tion of the electrode is uniquely selected toenhance either the performance of the element/electrode combination or facilitate its manufac-ture.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype includes, for example, materialsselected because they easily adhere to apiezoelectric material and materials thatdon't effect the piezoelectric's character-istics, etc.

364 Multilayer:This subclass is indented under subclass 363.Subject matter wherein the electrode is madeup of two or more layers of materials.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype may include, for example, a mate-rial directly adhered to the piezoelectricelement chosen for its bonding ability,then covered with a layer of a materialwhich may have superior conductivity,followed by a layer that resists oxidation,etc.

365 Electrode arrangement:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter involving the position of theelectrodes with respect to the piezoelectricmaterial, including electrode size, shape, andplacement.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to piezoelectric elements having coatedelectrodes, electrodes cemented on orotherwise attached, and the structure ofthe electrode or its position with respectto the piezoelectric material or anotherelectrode.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate

subclasses, especially subclasses 120through 124.7 and 903 for a processof bonding a metallic part to a nonme-tallic part.

403, Joints and Connections, appropriatesubclasses for joints of general utility.

366 More than two:This subclass is indented under subclass 365.Subject matter where the device has three ormore separate electrodes.

(1) Note. The electrodes may be spacedabout in a single surface of the piezo-electric material, or may be on two ormore different surfaces or one of thethree or more electrodes may be inter-posed between two layers of piezoelec-tric material so as to form a “sandwich”.


October 2010

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:331+, where the element has combined

therewith means to transmit to orreceive from the element mechanicalforce.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:331, Oscillators, subclass 163 for crystal

oscillator systems with a piezoelectriccrystal having three or more elec-trodes in circuit.

367 Piezoelectric element shape:This subclass is indented under subclass 311.Subject matter comprising piezoelectric mate-rials and elements wherein the shape, propor-tions, or dimensions of the element or materialis significant.

(1) Note. “Element” for the purpose of thissubclass includes any structure consist-ing essentially of a plurality of pieces ofpiezoelectric material intimately joinedtogether to form a composite structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:357+, where the specific polarization direc-

tion is significant with respect to thepiezoelectric property.

360+, where the specific orientation of thecrystal axis of the material is signifi-cant with respect to the piezoelectricproperty.

368 Rectangular plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 367.Subject matter wherein the shape of the piezo-electric element is essentially that of a solidrectangle, i.e., having three pairs of parallelsides.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype may include, for example, a cube.

(2) Note. Slight deviations from the exactshape specified above will not operate toexclude the device from this subclass ifthe overall appearance of the elementremains rectangular, i.e., one or morepairs of sides may not be exactly paral-lel, one or more surfaces may be grooved

or machined, edges may be rounded, orholes may be in or pass through thedevice.

369 Circular disc, ring, or cylinder:This subclass is indented under subclass 367.Subject matter wherein the overall shape of thepiezoelectric element is essentially that of aright solid cylinder.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype may include, for example, hollowcylindrical piezoelectric elements, split-ring or C-shaped elements and such ele-ments having machined or textured sur-faces if the overall shape is essentially asdescribed above.

370 “U” or “tuning fork” shape:This subclass is indented under subclass 367.Subject matter wherein the piezoelectric ele-ment is, or includes a portion shaped essen-tially like the letter “U” or “Y” or the letter “V”with a stem attached to the base (thus resem-bling a tuning fork).

(1) Note. This subclass is intended toinclude elements that may consist of aplurality of the above shapes, e.g., H-shaped elements and W-shaped ele-ments.

371 Sphere or hemisphere:This subclass is indented under subclass 367.Subject matter wherein the shape of the piezo-electric element is such that its outer surfacecan be essentially generated by the revolutionof a circle about one of its diameters or by onehalf of such a generated surface.

(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclasstype may specifically include, for exam-ple, hollow spherical or hemisphericalpiezoelectric elements.

(2) Note. Slight deviations from the exactshape defined above will not exclude apiezoelectric element from this subclassif the overall shape of the element isspherical or hemispherical.


1October 2010

400 End shield: This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter including structure that bridgesan open axial end of a stator.

(1) Note. An end shield generally encloses astator opening, and may or may not pro-vide support for rotor bearings. It mayserve as one component of an overallenclosure or housing, and, in the case ofproviding support for a rotor by includ-ing bearings, act as a frame. It is not arequirement that a shield completelycover an end opening, since the shieldmay, for example, contain cooling open-ings therein, be comprised of a spoke- ormesh-type of structure, etc.

(2) Note. An end shield should be distin-guished from an end ring, which is struc-ture for bridging across axial ends ofcore laminations or core sections to bindthem together as a unit.

(3) Note. An end shield should be distin-guished from a frame, which is structuralelement for supporting a core. Althoughan end shield may act as a frame mem-ber, an end shield must bridge or enclosean axial end opening.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:85 through 89, for a mechanical shield or

protector for a rotary machine, partic-ularly subclass 89 for a housing, win-dow or cover.

90, 90.5, for bearing or air-gap adjust-ment or bearing lubrication.

91, for supports.216.114 through 216.119, for a core end ring

or plate.418 through 431, for frame structure, par-

ticularly subclass 425, for a base plat-form including a bearing support.

401 Having legs for supporting a bearing (e.g.,spokes): This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield havingstructure including a plurality of elongatedmembers extending in a direction radially away

from the rotary axis of the rotor for supportinga rotor bearing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:90, 90.5, for bearing or air-gap adjust-

ment or bearing lubrication.425, for a base platform including a bear-

ing support.

402 Having particular frame- or core-matingfeature (e.g., keyed, projection/recess): This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter including an end shield having aspecifically recited detail relating to structureproviding for a cooperatively abutting relation-ship between the end shield and a stator sup-port structure (i.e., frame) or the axial end of acore.

403 Threaded mating surface: This subclass is indented under subclass 402.Subject matter including an end shield includ-ing an integral helical rib (i.e., screw thread)projecting from a surface thereof and arrangedto mate with a corresponding screw thread onan element to which the end shield is to beattached or supported.

(1) Note. The end shield is commonlythreadably attached to a frame or coreend. The threaded surface of the endshield should be distinguished from athreaded surface of a separate and dis-tinct member (e.g., bolt, etc.) used to fas-ten the end plate.

404 Folded Rim: This subclass is indented under subclass 402.Subject matter including an end shield having aperipheral edge region that is bent, crimped, orotherwise deformed from the general shape ofthe remainder of the end shield to be matinglyengageable with the corresponding mating sur-face of the support structure.

405 Recessed into frame or core: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield that issized, shaped, or otherwise structurallyarranged to be located inside of the peripheryof an axial end surface of a frame or core.


October 2010

406 Cup-shaped end shield connected to anotherend shield: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield thathaving a shape gene rally resembling a cupwith an open end and a closed end, where theclosed end is attached to a separate and distinctend shield.

(1) Note. The cup-shaped end shield com-monly functions as an integrated statorsupport frame and end shield for oneaxial end of the stator with the other endshield arranged at the opposite axial end,together forming a frame and enclosure.

407 Two cup-shaped end shields: This subclass is indented under subclass 406.Subject matter including two cup-shaped endshields joined together at their respective openends.

(1) Note. The joined end shields commonlyfunction as an enclosure and/or frame.

408 Having distinct connecting frame: This subclass is indented under subclass 407.Subject matter including two cup-shaped endshields joined structurally together at theirrespective open ends by core support structurelocated between the respective open ends of theend shields.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:410, for a core-supporting frame located

between two end shields.

409 Having overlapped open ends (e.g., tele-scoped open ends): This subclass is indented under subclass 407.Subject matter including two cup-shaped endshields joined together by locating the openend of one end shield inside of the open end ofthe other end shield.

410 Having frame between two end shields: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter having an end shield, respec-tively, at each axial end of a stator, and a sepa-rate and distinct core support (i.e., frame)structurally positioned at a location intermedi-ate the two end shields.

(1) Note. The frame is commonly supportsthe stator and is connected to each endshield to collectively operate as anenclosure or housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:85 through 89, for a mechanical shield or

protector for a rotary machine, partic-ularly subclass 89, for a housing, win-dow, or cover.

90, for a support.408, for a core supporting frame located

between two cup-shaped end shields. 418, through 431, for a frame, per se.

411 Particularly adapted to be secured to a coreend ring: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield particu-larly constructed and arranged to be structur-ally attached to a band (i.e., end ring) generallymounted along the periphery of an axial endface of a core, or a generally flat or planarmember attached to an axial end face of a core,for securing core elements together as an inte-gral body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.114, for an end ring.

412 Particularly adapted for use with impreg-nated core: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield particu-larly constructed and arranged to be structur-ally associated with a core having inner spacesfilled with a material for binding laminations ofthe core together or for otherwise minimiz-ing vibration of the laminations in the core.

(1) Note. The material used to fill the spacesis commonly a resin. The particularstructure of the end shield may include astructural arrangement for permitting oraiding insertion of impregnating materialafter the end shield is structurally sup-ported with respect to the core, or anyother particular feature such as, but notlimited to, a fastening arrangement par-ticularly for use with an impregnatedcore.


1October 2010

413 Having particular mounting fastener detail: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield having aspecific recitation of a means for attaching theend shield to a frame, core or other structure towhich the end shield is to be attached.

(1) Note. The particular detail may includerecitation of auxiliary or perfecting ele-ments of the fastener, including, but notlimited to, o-rings, spacers, nuts, collars,etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:403, for an end shield having an integral

threaded surface for attaching an endshield to another structure.

404, for an end shield having a folded rim.

414 Core fastener with insulated bushing:This subclass is indented under subclass 413.Subject matter including an end shield withmeans to attach the end shield to a core, wherethe means to attach includes an elongatedmember capable of extending into and/orthrough a bore in the core, the elongated mem-ber further including an electrically non-con-ductive sleeve (i.e., bushing) surrounding theelongated member for the purpose of keepingthe fastener from directly contacting the bore ssurface.

415 Plural distinct mounting fasteners: This subclass is indented under subclass 413.Subject matter including at least one first struc-tural member (i.e., fastener) for attaching anend shield to a frame or other structure towhich the end shield is to be attached, and atleast one second fastener in addition to the firstmentioned fastener that is characterized by adissimilar structure or dissimilar fasteningmode from that of the first fastener.

416 Having coil lead retainer: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield includ-ing means for supporting and holding a wire(i.e., lead) that extends from a core winding.

417 Having ventilation hole: This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Subject matter including an end shield havingan opening there through specifically con-structed and arranged to provide a passage forheat to escape from the interior of the motor orgenerator by the passage of air or other heatladen fluid through the end shield.



machine.52 through 65, for general cooling in a

dynamoelectric machine by circula-tion of a cooling fluid, especially sub-class 60, for circulation via hollowpassages and subclass 64, for a heatexchange structure in a dynamoelec-tric machine.

216.014, for a cooling fin on a core having cir-cumferentially offset laminations in arotary dynamoelectric machine.




418 Frame: This subclass is indented under subclass 40.Subject matter including a structural element orplurality of interrelated elements, per se, thatare constructed and arranged to support a core.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.113 through 216.065, for a core having

structure for securing the core to asupport structure.


through 68 for mounting or supportstructure for an inductor.


October 2010

419 Adjustable: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including a frame that is reposi-tionable with respect to a supported core, orincludes elements that are repositionable withrespect to each other.

420 Shaft mounted spider (e.g., spokes): This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including a frame having a plu-rality of radially extending arms (i.e., spokes)extending from an axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.053, for a laminated core having a lamina-

tion with an integral spider.

421 Having particular spoke: This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter including a specifically recitedstructural detail of a radial spoke member inthe spider.

422 Having particular core securing means: This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter including a specifically recitedstructural detail of a means for connection of acore to its supporting structure.

(1) Note. A core support (e.g., frame) hav-ing a means for supporting a nominalcore is classified in this and indentedsubclasses; whereas subject matterincluding significant core structureadapted for supporting the core via thecore structure itself, a detailed structuralrelationship between a separate fixingmeans and the core, or a particular struc-ture of the fixing means, per se, are clas-sified elsewhere. See Search Notes,below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.049 through 216.052, for a laminated core

having laminations with integralmounting projections.

216.113, for a core having structure for secur-ing the core to a support structure.

423 Resilient: This subclass is indented under subclass 422.Subject matter including a core connectionhaving an elastic, springy, or flexible character-istic.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.124, for a resilient mounting means for a

core.431, for a resilient core attachment means

associated with a frame other than aspider type frame.

424 Having a particular hub: This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Subject matter including a specifically recitedstructural detail of a means for structural con-nection between a spoke or spokes and theshaft.

425 Base with bearing support: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including a frame comprising anopen platform, stage or foundation (i.e., base)for supporting a core, with at least one struc-tural element extending from the base, thestructural element including means for support-ing a shaft for sliding movement (i.e., bearing)with respect to the base.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:90, and 90.5, for bearing or air-gap

adjustment, or bearing lubrication.401, for an end shield having a bearing

support.

426 Leg-supported from base: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including a frame having a plat-form, stage or foundation (i.e., base) fromwhich the frame is held by one or more elon-gated beams (i.e., legs) extending between thebase and the frame to hold the frame in spacedrelation to the base.

427 Supported by axial bar: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including a frame having anelongated beam or rail (i.e., bar) connected tothe frame in a manner that the bar s longitudi-nal dimension extends generally parallel to the


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line (i.e., axis) about which the rotor rotates,the bar serving to hold the frame in position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.129, for an axially extended bar for holding

core elements together.

428 Axially split frame: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including a frame having a plu-rality of sections joined together along a jointor seam that runs generally parallel to a shaft orrotor axis.

(1) Note. A split frame should be distin-guished from a pair of end shields joinedtogether, as by axially extending portionsof a frame, end shields mated together bya seam generally perpendicular to therotor axis, etc. A split frame is com-monly composed of, for example, halfcylinder members joined together alonga seam parallel to the rotor axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:400 through 417, for plural end shields

that may be mated to form a frame, ormated to a separate frame.

429 Having air gap: This subclass is indented under subclass 428.Subject matter including a split frame that doesnot completely surround its supported core.

(1) Note. The gap may, for example, bepositioned between adjacent ends of apair of sections; as by, for example, twohalf cylindrical sections being joinedonly along one axial seam, with theirother ends spaced apart.

430 Welded sections: This subclass is indented under subclass 428.Subject matter including a plurality of framesections having an axially extending jointunited by heat fusion.

431 Having resilient core attachment means: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including an elastic, springy orflexible member for connecting a core to theframe.

(1) Note. The spring mount is commonlyused to support the core in a manner toreduce vibration and/or noise throughthe machine, to promote cooling ventila-tion, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.124, for a core structure including a resil-

ient securing means.423, for a resilient core attachment means

associated with a spider type frame.

432 Having axial tie bar for attaching core: This subclass is indented under subclass 418.Subject matter including an elongated beammounted on the inner periphery of a frame, andextending along the axial direction of theframe, the bar being connectably engageablewith a core for supporting the core from theframe.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.129, for a core having an axially extending

bar for holding core elementstogether.

433 Dovetailed to core: This subclass is indented under subclass 432.Subject matter including an axial tie bar that isconnectably engageable with a core via aninterlocking mortise and flaired-tenon joint.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:216.051, for a laminated core having dovetail

mounting ears.

CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

The following subclasses are collections of publisheddisclosure pertaining to various aspects of the electricalgenerator or motor art which aspects do not form anappropriate base for subclass classification in the classi-fication schedule.

(1) Note. Disclosures are placed herein forvalue as a search aid and in no instancedo they represent the entire extent of theprior art.


October 2010

800 PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMERS (E.G.,PVDF): Polymeric materials which are disclosed asbeing either inherently piezoelectric or havebeen treated (e.g., via polarizing) to give themusable piezoelectric properties (for example,PVDF, polyester films, frozen rubber, PVC,etc.).

(1) Note. This cross reference art collectionis intended as an aid to the searcher forlocating these materials and the structurethey are associated with.

FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

The definitions below correspond to abolished sub-classes from which these collections were formed. Seethe Foreign Art Collection schedule of this class for spe-cific correspondences. [Note: The titles and definitionsfor indented art collections include all the details of theone(s) that are hierarchically superior.]

FOR 100 Permanent magnet stator (310/154):Foreign art collection in which the perma-nent magnet is the stator of the dynamoelec-tric machine.

FOR 101 Permanent magnet rotor (310/156):Foreign art collection having a permanentmagnet rotor.

FOR 102 Linear: Foreign art collection for subject matter inwhich the dynamoelectric effect takes placebetween two relatively movable elementswhich are constrained to substantiallystraight line motion.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to devices which normally act only in asingle direction such as an aircraft ofprojectile launching mechanism.

FOR 103 With assembling, metal casting ormachining feature:Foreign art collection for subject matter inwhich separate means are provided, or inwhich one or more parts are modified, tofacilitate the process of (1) associatingtogether, (2) casting of molten metal, or (3)surface cutting, of one or more of compo-nent parts.

FOR 104 Step-by-step:Foreign art collection for subject matter hav-ing means to cause rotation between two ormore positions of rest and to stop at aselected position of rest until an adjustmentis made which causes rotation to anotherposition of rest.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example,to magnetic motors which are in thenature of servo motors or follow-updevices.

FOR 105 Core features:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to core features.

FOR 106 Securing laminae:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to means for securing laminae.

FOR 107 Pole assembly and securing means:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to pole assembly and securingmeans.

FOR 108 Stator structure:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to pole assembly and securingmeans.

FOR 109 Frame and core type:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to stator structure of the frame andseparate core type.

FOR 110 Core assembly:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to core assembly.

FOR 111 Rotor structure:Foreign art collection for subject matterrelating to rotor structure, per se.

END

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