OCLC Online Computer Library Center DDC number building for shelf arrangement Julianne Beall...

OCLC Online Computer Library Center

DDC number building for shelf arrangement

Julianne Beall

Assistant Editor, DDC

Library of Congress

July 4, 2006 Vienna


Broad outline

Part 1. Elements of typical call numbers

Part 2. Class numbers

Part 3. Book numbers and other methods of subarrangement


Part 1. Elements of typical call numbers

Call number = class number + book number (or other method of alphabetic subarrangement)

Example:

641.5972

.B3433


Call number

A set of letters, numerals or other symbols (in combination or alone) used by a library to identify a specific copy of a work. A call number consists of the class number and book number (or Cutter number).

It may also contain other data such as date, volume number, copy number and location symbol.


Class number

Notation that designates the class to which a given item belongs.

Example: 641.5972 Cooking characteristic of Mexico

Used for Rick Bayless's Mexican kitchen :capturing the vibrant flavors of a world-class cuisine


Book number

The part of a call number that distinguishes a specific item from other items within the same class number, also called a Cutter number. A book number is composed of letters from the author's name and numbers.

Example: .B3433 for Bayless, Rick

From OCLC Cutter Four-Figure Table


Other method of alphabetic subarrangement

Instead of formal book numbers, many libraries prefer simple methods of alphabetic subarrangement

Example: Bay for Bayless, Rick


Part 2. Class numbers

Broad classification and logical abridgment

Building with tables (numbered auxiliary tables)

Building with add tables

Building with other add notes


Broad classification

The classification of works in broad categories by logical abridgment, even when more specific numbers are available, e.g., the use of 641.5 Cooking instead of 641.5972 Mexican cooking for a cookbook of Mexican recipes.


Logical abridgment

The abridged number is the same as the full number, but shorter

The number is abridged at a logical place


Abridged edition

A shortened version of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system that is a logical truncation of the notational and structural hierarchy of the corresponding full edition on which it is based. The abridged edition is intended for general collections of 20,000 titles or less.


Segmentation marks (/ or ‘)

Records from Library of Congress and Library and Archives Canada include segmentation marks in Dewey class numbers

These marks show end of abridged number

The slash (/) appears in MARC records

The prime mark (‘) appears in Cataloging in Publication printed in books


Example of segmentation

641.5/6314

The abridged number (641.5) means cooking

The full number (641.56314) means cooking for people with diabetes

Never include segmentation marks in call numbers


Building with tables (numbered auxiliary tables)

Numbers from auxiliary tables are never used alone for shelf arrangement

They may, however, be used alone in a database for resource discovery

Today we won’t be able to cover all six auxiliary tables; we will cover the following tables:


Tables to be covered today

Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons

Table 1. Standard Subdivisions

Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about Individual Authors

Table 3B. Subdivisions for Works by or about More than One Author

Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups


Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons

The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation T1—09 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g., wages (331.29) in Japan (T2—52 in this table): 331.2952 ; railroad transportation (385) in Brazil (T2—81 in this table): 385.0981


641.593-641.599 Cooking characteristic of specific continents, countries, localities

Add to base number 641.59 notation T2—3-T2—9 from Table 2 , e.g., Southern cooking (United States) 641.5975

T2—75 Southeastern United States (South Atlantic states)

Class here southern states

641.59+[T2—]75=641.5975


641.59+[T2—]436=641.59436 (etc.)

641.59436 Austrian cooking

641.5943613 Cooking of Vienna

641.5944 French cooking

641.59442 Cooking of Normandy

641.59449 Cooking of Provence


641.59+[T2—]45=641.5945 (etc.)

641.5945 Italian cooking

641.59455 Cooking of Tuscany

641.59458Cooking of Sicily

641.595 Asian cooking

641.5951 Chinese cooking

641.5952 Japanese cooking


Facet

Any of the various categories into which a given class may be divided, e.g., division of the class "people" into the categories of ethnicity, age, education and language spoken. Each category contains terms based on a single characteristic of division, e.g., children, adolescents and adults are characteristics of division of the "ages" category.


Facet indicator

A digit used to introduce notation representing a characteristic of the subject. For example, "0" is often used as a facet indicator to introduce standard subdivision concepts.


Rule for logical abridgment

Never abridge a number so as to leave a “0” or other facet indicator at the end, in the part following the decimal point

Dewey numbers may end with “0” before the decimal point

Examples:630 is O.K.

630.90 is not O.K.

630.9 is O.K.


Table 1. Standard Subdivisions

The following notation is never used alone, but may be used as required with any regular schedule number, e.g., workbooks (T1—076 in this table) in arithmetic (513): 513.076. When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a decimal point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number


T1—09 Historical, geographic, persons

treatment

T1—092 PersonsBiography, autobiography, description and critical appraisal of work, diaries . . .

Class here treatment of individuals

T1—093-T1—099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds


T1—09 Historical, geographic, persons

treatment

T1—093-T1—099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds

Add to base number T1—09 notation T2—3-T2—9 from Table 2, e.g., the subject in North America T1—097, in Brazil T1—0981


630 Agriculture and related technologies

Standard subdivisions are added for agriculture and related technologies together, for agriculture alone

630.9 Agriculture—history

630.92 Agricultural workers, farmers


63+[T1—]09+[T2—]4=630.94 (etc.)

630.94 Agriculture—Europe

630.9436 Agriculture—Austria

630.94363Agriculture—Salzburg province

630.944 Agriculture—France

630.94438 Agriculture—Lorraine

630.945 Agriculture—Italy


634.9+[T1—]09=634.909 (etc.)

634.9 Forestry

634.909 Forestry—history

634.9092 Foresters

634.9094 Forestry—Europe

634.909436 Forestry—Austria


Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups

The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation T1—089 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g., civil and political rights ( 323.11 ) of Navajo Indians ( T5—9726 in this table): 323.119726 ; ceramic arts ( 738 ) of Jews ( T5—924 in this table): 738.089924 . They may also be used when so noted with numbers from other tables, e.g., notation T2—174 from Table 2


Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups (2)

Except where instructed otherwise, and unless it is redundant, add 0 to the number from this table and to the result add notation T2—1 or T2—3-T2—9 from Table 2 for area in which a group is or was located, e.g., Germans in Brazil T5—31081 , but Germans in Germany T5—31 ; Jews in Germany or Jews from Germany T5—924043


305.805-305.89 Specific ethnic and national groups

Add to base number 305.8 notation T5—05-T5—9 from Table 5, e.g., comprehensive works on Jews 305.8924, Chinese 305.8951, Chinese Australians 305.8951094, Inuit 305.89712

305.8+[T5—]951+0+[T2—]94= 305.8951094


305.8+[T5—]31 (etc.)

305.831 Germans

305.835 Swiss

305.836 Austrians

305.841 French

305.851 Italians


305.8+[T5—]41+0+[T2—]494=305.8410494

305.835 Swiss

305.836 Austrians

305.841 French

305.8410494 French-speaking Swiss

305.851 Italians

305.8510494 Italian-speaking Swiss


830.1-838 Subdivisions of German literature

Add to base number 83 as instructed at beginning of Table 3, e.g., a collection of German literature 830.8

T3B—08 Collections of literary texts in more than one form

83+[T3B—]08=830.8


Table 3B. Subdivisions for Works by or about More than One Author

T3B—08 Collections of literary texts in more than one form

T3B—09 History, description, critical appraisal of works in more

than one form

830.8 German literature—collections

830.9 German literature—history and criticism


830.1-838 Subdivisions of German literature

Add to base number 83 as instructed at beginning of Table 3, e.g., a collection of German literature 830.8

PERIOD TABLE

. . . . .

912 1900-1945

914 1945-1990

92 1990-


Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about Individual Authors

T3A—1 Poetry

T3A—11-T3A—19 Poetry of specific periods

Add to T3A—1 notation from the period table for the specific literature in 810-890, e.g., earliest period T3A—11; do not add standard subdivisions


83+[T3A—]1+912=831.912 (etc.)

Specific literature (German) + specific form (poetry) + literary period (1900-1945) (etc.)

831.912 German poetry—1900-1945

831.914 German poetry—1945-1990

831.92 German poetry—1990-


598 *Aves (Birds)

Class here land birds, ornithology

*Add as instructed under 592-599


Add table at 592-599


592-599 Specific taxonomic groups of animals

Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by * as follows:

1 General topics of natural history of animals

Add to base number 1 the numbers following 591 in 591.3-591.7, e.g., beneficial animals 163

598+1+[591.]63=598.163


“1” as facet indicator

In the add table at 592-599, “1” introduces the facet: General topics of natural history of animals

Never abridge a number built using this add table with the facet indicator “1” at the end of the number after the decimal point

“1” is also used as facet indicator elsewhere in life sciences (570-590) and in music (780)


598+1+[591.]63=598.163

591 Specific topics in natural history of animals

591.6 Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of animals

591.63 Beneficial animals


598+1+[591.]38=598.138 (etc.)

598.138 Birds—evolution

598.139 Baby birds

598.1468 Eggs—birds

598.15 Behavior—birds

598.156 Life cycle—birds

598.1564 Birds' nests

598.1568 Migratory birds

598.176 Aquatic birds


338.4 Secondary industries and services

338.47001-338.47999 Subdivisions for products and services

Add to base number 338.47 notation 001-999, e.g., gasoline production industry 338.4766553827, tourist industry 338.4791 . . . .


338.47+004=338.47004 (etc.)

338.47004 Computer industry

338.47004678 Internet industry

338.470705 Publishing industry

338.47374013 Adult vocational education and

training services industry


338.47+6151=338.476151 (etc.)

338.476151 Drugs (Pharmaceuticals) industry

338.476205 Nanotechnology industry

338.47621381 Electronic equipment industry

338.4762382 Shipbuilding industry


338.47+624=338.47624 (etc.)

338.47624 Construction industry

338.4764794 Hotel industry

338.4764795 Food services industry

338.4766 Chemical industries

338.476621 Fireworks industry


338.47+664853=338.47664853 (etc.)

338.47664853 Frozen vegetables industry

338.476649 Meat processing industry

338.4766492 Beef processing industry

338.4766493 Chicken (Meat) processing industry


338.47+666=338.47666 (etc.)

338.47666 Ceramics industry

338.476691 Iron industry—metallurgy

338.47669142 Steel industry—metallurgy

338.47674 Lumber industry

338.47674142 Hardwood lumber industry

338.4767483 Composite woods industry


Part 3. Book numbers and other methods of subarrangement

All methods of subarrangement are optional and not part of DDC proper

Many different methods of subarrangement are used in Dewey libraries

In a very few places in the DDC there are instructions for subarrangement—but they are optional


Arrange alphabetically

Rare instruction in DDC

Always optional

006.74 Markup languages

Arrange alphabetically by name of language, e.g., XML

006.74

.X6


Arrange chronologically

Rare instruction in DDC

Optional

796.98 Winter Olympic games

Arrange specific games chronologically

796.98

2006


Individual biographies

Arrange alphabetically by name of biographee

Example: biography of forester Emile Grandjean

634.9092

.G764


Double Cuttering

If you use Cutter numbers to arrange alphabetically by topic (e.g., name of biographee), you may then add a second Cutter number for the author’s name.

As with all forms of subarrangement, double Cuttering is not part of DDC proper


Example of double Cuttering

Biography of forester Emile Grandjean

Grandjean : man of the forests

By Gordon S. Bowen

634.9092

.G764B6754


Dewey Cutter Program

http://www.oclc.org/dewey/support/program/default.htm

Free download

OCLC Four-Figure Cutter Tables

Compatible with Cutter Three-Figure Author Table

Compatible with Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure Author Table


Dewey Cutter Program


Cutter Four-Figure Table: examples

Sa565 (Sanders, Margaret)

Sch721 (Schreiber, Albert)

Sch723 (Schreiber, John)

Sch7243 (Schreiber, Nancy)

Sch7247 (Schreiber, Robert)

Sch725 (Schreiber, William)

St835 (Streeter, Joan)


Cutter-Sanborn Four-Figure Table: examples

S2156 (Sanders, Margaret)

S3781 (Schreiber, Albert)

S3783 (Schreiber, John)

S37843 (Schreiber, Nancy)

S37845 (Schreiber, Robert)

S37847 (Schreiber, William)

S9154 (Streeter, Joan)


Other methods of alphabetic subarrangement

Many libraries use all or part of an author’s name for alphabetic subarrangement


Example of another method of alphabetic subarrangement

Sanders

Schreiber, A

Schreiber, J

Schreiber, N

Schreiber, R

Schreiber, W

Streeter


Resources and links (1)

ddc-deutsch:

http://www.ddc-deutsch.de/

Dewey Cutter Program:

http://www.oclc.org/dewey/support/program/default.htm



Comaromi, John P. Book numbers: a historical study and practical guide to their use. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1981

Lehnus, Donald J. Book numbers: history, principles, and application. Chicago: American Library Association, 1980



Online DDC Catalogs:

http://www.oclc.org/dewey/about/worldwide/default.htm

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