Krypton. We have it for you pureor ultra pure or radioactive. In allkinds and sizes of containers.

For this year's catalog, write:Rare and Specialty Gases Dept.,Airco Industrial Gases, 150 East42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017.

sure is promising in this regard althouLghthe effects thus far studied are rathersmall. For example, the dT/dP slope ofthe Curie temperatuLre cuLrve for nickelis 0.35°C per kilobar. Other materials,such as ferrites, may show larger effects.New developments in shockwave

research now permit a derivation ofthe fusion curve (P verstus T) of copperextending into the million-bar range.When combined with accurate mea-surements of temperature and pressturein the static high-pressure range (11000to 1300°C and 0 to 60 kilobars) thefusion curves of several substances, suchas copper, silver, and others, could beused for in sitlu checking of calibrationsof high-pressuLre, high-temperatuLre ap-paratuLs. However, in a broader per-spective, accurately determined fusioncurves may permit solution of somerather fundamental quLestions in geo-physics and astrophysics involving ex-trapolation of phase diagrams to veryhigh pressure and high temperature.The kinetics of shockwave processes

are being investigated from severalviewpoints. These include lattice dy-namic models of shocks in solids andexperimental investigation of nonequi-librium processes at relatively lowshock strengths in many cases. The be-havior of shocks in regions of phasechanges are especially interesting. Therate at which such changes occur de-pends upon the types of lattices involvedand the orientation of the lattice withrespect to the direction of the shock.From the viewpoint of pressure stand-ards, additional studies of the transfor-mation of iron at about 126 kilobarswere reported in the meeting. Theseconfirm this fixed point as being themost accurately determined fixed pointabove 100 kilobars.The symposium was sponsored by

the National Bureau of Standards andthe Geophysical Laboratory of theCarnegie Institution of Washington. Ex-penses were covered by a grant fromthe National Science Foundation. Thepapers presented, together with discus-sion from the floor and summaries ofpanel sessions, will be published as aSpecial Publication of the NationalBureau of Standards.

EDWARD C. LLOYDCHARLES W. BECKETT

Institute for Basic Standards,National Bureau of Standards,Washington, D.C.

FRANcis R. BOYD, JR.Geophysical Laboratory,Carnegie Institution of Washinigton,Washington, D.C.

862

Oceanology

The American Management Associa-tion's briefing session, Oceanology-The Challenge to Industry, was held24-26 February 1969 in New YorkCity. The meeting was attended by250 persons and addressed by VicePresident Spiro Agnew, Senator Clair-bone Pell, Rear Admiral 0. D. Watersand many other leaders of industry,commerce, government, and the acad-eme.

Its stated purpose was an attemptto supply answers to certain questionsconcerning the future of oceanology,such as:

1) How much time, planning, andmoney will the new Administration bewilling to commit to oceanology?

2) What is the most effective way tomanage the specialized, technical, andpersonnel functions of oceanic busi-ness?

3) What changes is the status ofoceanology can we expect to see in thenext 5 to 10 years?

4) What is the immediate and long-range profit outlook?The sessions of 24 February dealt

with the current status and immediateoutlook for oceanology.

Senator Pell's keynote address pre-sented a general analysis of the reportof the Marine Science Commission re-port. He conceded that few peopIewould agree with it completely in itspresent form. However, he advocatedthe two principal thrusts of the report-the need for the establishment of anew independent agency to spearheadthe national oceanographic programand the recommendation for a sub-stantial increase in expenditures for theprogram in the coming decade.

Pell further noted that ocean pro-grams must be justified by "pay-off"rather than "spin-off." Our ocean pro-grams involve roles of government andindustry, and government's role in de-velopment of technology ends when itsprograms have established the feasibil-ity of economic "pay-off."

Further presentations concerning theMarine Sciences report were made byRichard Geyer, Charles Baird, andJames Crutchfield. They suggested thatthe concentration of government agen-cies and effort into a single, powerful,national oceanographic and atmospher-ic agency (NOAA)-a kind of "wetNASA"-would materially enhance oureffectiveness in dealing with oceanog-raphy's complex problems.

Vice President Agnew's invitationhad come at a time when he was still

SCIENCE, VOL. 164

FORMULATION OFRESEARCH POLICIES

Collected Papers from an International Symposium

Edited by LAWRENCE W. BASS and BRUCE S. OLD

AAAS Publication No. 87, 218 pages, tables,illustrations. 1967.

Regular Price $7.75. AAAS Members' CashOrders $6.75.

Formulation of Research Policies is a collec-tion of papers presented at a Gordon ResearchConference held in Santa Barbara, California, in1966. Nineteen leaders in the field of policyformulation from eleven foreign countries andthe United States analyze and describe sciencepolicies at national, international, and corporatelevels.

Today, nations great and small as well ascorporations find it impossible to support all ofthe science and technology that appears to berelevant to their growth and strength. Hence,science policy or the "science of science" at alllevels compels serious attention and discussion.And the magnittude of many research projectstends to foster international cooperation in ad-ministration and fuLnding.Goals and accomplishments-and weaknesses-

of past and present science policies of nations,government agencies, individual industries, andinternational organizations are given expert andcandid appraisal in this work-the record of anexciting conference.

AAAS1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW

Washington, D.C. 20005

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16 MAY 1969 863

NBIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CENTER

The IIT Research Institute has a challenging and unique opportunity for aresults-oriented individual to build and direct a group of professionals in thearea of Biomedical Engineering.

IIT Research Institute is an independent contract research organization servingindustry and government. Its activities encompass nearly all of the physical andbiological sciences and their related technologies.

IlTRI's experience in biomedical engineering covers a wide range of disciplinesand includes the development of new instruments for diagnostic and thera-peutic applications; investigation of prosthesis materials; creation of medicalinformation systems; and development of techniques for biological systemsanalysis. The candidate we seek must have an exceptional record of dem-onstrated success in the Biomedical field. He must be a dynamic articulateindividual with a flair for creating and directing projects that are effectiveand lead to a growth situation. This is a top management line position report-ing directly to the Vice-President. Your educational qualifications shouldinclude either an M.D. or Ph.D. in one of the engineering or physical sciences.

For prompt consideration of your interests, forward a detailed resume includingsalary history to Mr. Ron Seipp, or call collect (312) 225-9630, extension 4231.

u u R Institute10 West 35th Street * Chicago, Illinois 60616

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SectionMICROBIOLOGIST

HeadTo head an expanding department re-sponsible for all microbiological activitiesincluding product development, evalua-tion and manufacturing. Excellent oppor-tunity to contribute to policy and leader-ship. We require a Ph.D. or equivalentwith some industrial experience. Locationon north shore of Long Island Soundwithin 30 miles of New York City innew laboratory facilities. Outstandingcompany benefits; salary open.Please write or call (collect) Dr. Fred-erick Brody, Clairol Research Labora-tories, 90 Commerce Road, Stamford,Connecticut 06904. Telephone: (203)327-3300.

CLAIROyLAn Equal Opportunity Employer- (M-/F)

864

women may take a little longer.RALPH YALKOVSK-

Geoscience Departmernt,State University College btiBuffalo,Buflalo, New York 14222

SCIENCE. VOL. 164

ASSISTANTDIRECTOR OF RESEARCH

governor of Maryland. He exploredareas of conflicts between states, such asthat of Maryland and Virginia in Chesa-peake Bay, and the need for conserva-tion as related to the oil spill at SantaBarbara.

Papers were presented by AdmiralWaters, oceanographer of the Navy,who expressed the belief that the word"oceanology" would never replace thenow too deeply ingrained "oceanog-raphy."

J. L. McHugh discussed (by tele-phone) the role of the Department ofInterior and James Gulick, that of theDepartment of Commerce.Some general indications, resulting

from discussions, are:1) Offshore leases for small com-

panies are favorable.2) Offshore mining will be unattrac-

tive for some years to come.3) Desalination has limited opportu-

nities.4) Marine electronics has great po-

tential.5) Technical considerations are more

important in oceanography than inmost other activities.

6) Three basic objectives of oceanlaw are: (i) to establish and protect therights of individuals, grouns and na-tions; (ii) to mediate conflicts short ofwar; and (iii) to promote effective de-velonment of the sea.

7) Insurance companies must still feeltheir way concerning total-loss rates forunderwater studies.-8) All types of technical personnel

are needed but that Ocean Engineeringhas the briehtest future.The closing sessions considered as-

pects of international cooneration andcomnetition in oceanology. Presenta-tions were made by Ambassador DonaldL. McKernan (Department of State)and Ritsuro Harano (Japan).The closing paper by Dr. Paul M. Fye

was entitled "A scientist's recommen-dation for active participation inoceanology." The general tone was oneof optimism both for the present andfor the International Oceanographicdecade of 1970-80. This imoressionwas most succinctly expressed by VicePresident Agnew in his quotation of aWelsh proverb that "Three thines areuntamable: fools, women, and the saltsea." He noted we are on the thresholdof taming the sea, but that fools and

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