oceanic carbon cycle
description
Transcript of oceanic carbon cycle
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Vulnerability of the ocean
biological pump
Corinne Le Quéré
University of East Anglia and British Antarctic
Survey
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oceanic carbon cycle
45
34
physical transport
11
33
CO2
CO2 + H2O + CO2-3 2HCO-
3
chemical reactions
90
numbers in PgC/yr
biological activity
11
atmosphere
ocean
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surface
mixed layer depth
atmosphere
100 m
biological activity
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real surface
atmosphere
100 m
biological activity
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Ecosystem composition
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
pico-heterotrophsbacteria
phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
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what controls export?
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phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
what they do
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phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these bloom
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phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these form shells
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phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these respond to
pH
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phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they do
these float
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phyto-plankton
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
calcifiers
DMS-producersmixed
silicifiers
what they need
Fe P N
Fe P N
Fe P NFe P NFe P N
Fe P N Si
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Respiration
34 PgC/ypico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they do
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pico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they do
these control blooms
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pico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they do
these produce big
feacal pellets
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pico-heterotrophsbacteria
zoo-plankton
proto
meso
macro
what they need
F O O D
F O O D
F O O D
F O O D
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time scale
phytoplankton turnover time:
1 week
bacterial respiration:
1 day
sinking rate:
50 m/day
zooplankton turnover time:
1-many weeks
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time scale
a few +1 days
a few days
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pico-heterotrophspico-heterotrophs
phyto-phyto-planktonplankton
zoo-zoo-planktonplankton
pico-autotrophspico-autotrophs
NN22-fixers-fixers
calcifierscalcifiers
DMS-producersDMS-producersmixedmixed
silicifierssilicifiers
bacteriabacteria
protoproto
mesomeso
macromacro
HOT SPOTS:HOT SPOTS:
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/yQQ1010=1.9=1.9
QQ1010=2.2=2.2
QQ1010=3.0=3.0
TEMPERATURE RESPONSETEMPERATURE RESPONSE
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pico-heterotrophspico-heterotrophs
phyto-phyto-planktonplankton
zoo-zoo-planktonplankton
pico-autotrophspico-autotrophs
NN22-fixers-fixers
reduced ballast reduced ballast
DMS-producersDMS-producersmixedmixed
silicifierssilicifiers
bacteriabacteria
protoproto
mesomeso
macromacro
HOT SPOTS:HOT SPOTS:
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
pH RESPONSEpH RESPONSE
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pico-heterotrophspico-heterotrophs
phyto-phyto-planktonplankton
zoo-zoo-planktonplankton
pico-autotrophspico-autotrophs
NN22-fixers-fixers
calcifierscalcifiers
DMS-producersDMS-producersmixedmixed
silicifierssilicifiers
bacteriabacteria
protoproto
mesomeso
macromacro
HOT SPOTS:HOT SPOTS:
Export
11 PgC/y
Respiration
34 PgC/y
Primary Production
45 PgC/y
RESPONSE TO STRATIFICATIONRESPONSE TO STRATIFICATION
??
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oceanic carbon cycle
45
34
physical transport
11
33
CO2
CO2 + H2O + CO2-3 2HCO-
3
chemical reactions
90
numbers in PgC/yr
biological activity
11
atmosphere
ocean
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CO2 sink (PgC/y)Exp
ort
(P
gC
/y)
410
14
0
in one decade
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what controls export?
the ecosystem compositionand
the physical transport
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what controls export in models?
the ecosystem composition=
the physical transport
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models
PhytoPO4
DOC Zoo
POC
export
air-sea fluxes
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CLI MATE RES PONSE O F OCEAN IC UPTAKE
Sarmientoet al. (1998)
Matear andHirst (1999)
J oos et al.(1999)
T ime Span 1990-2065 1850-2100 1765-2100
Warm ing Eff ect -11% -12% -13%
Anthropogenic Effect -22% -10% -3%
Biological Pump +24% +8% +6%
TOTA L -9% -14% -10%
(slide adapted from J. Sarmiento)
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observations?
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Global changes in Atmospheric Potential Oxygen
models only
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Global changes in Atmospheric Potential Oxygen
Slide not available because the data is not published. APO data shows at least 2x more
variability than the models.
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NPZD
DGOM
Interannual chla variability (mgChl/m3)
PISCES-T
Observations (SeaWiFS)
Calcifiers
PO
4
Fe
PO4
DOC Zoo
POC
export
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NPZD
DGOM
Interannual chla variability (percent)
PISCES-T
Observations (SeaWiFS)
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model projection of climate change in 2060
temperature
ice cover
mixed layer depth
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Impact of climate change on the CO2 sink in 2060 (mol/m2/y)
Calcifiers
PO
4
Fe
(Preliminary result from E. T. Buitenhuis)
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what comes now?
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truth(what is the vulnerabilit
y of the marine
biological pump?)
illusion
time
evolution of model results
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time
chaos
illusion
evolution of model results
truth(what is the vulnerabilit
y of the marine
biological pump?)
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illusion chaos
relief
time
evolution of model resultsocean
biogeochemistry models
truth(what is the vulnerabilit
y of the marine
biological pump?)
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thanks to Erik T. Buitenhuis and Olivier Aumont for providing model codes and results