Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
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Transcript of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Name :- Santosh SahooReg.No :- 1301211363Roll No. :- 135087
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Content• Introduction• State of technology• Schematic diagram• Materials used• Working• Efficiency• Advantages And Disadvantages• Future prospects
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INTRODUCTION• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a technology for
generating renewable energy that uses the temperature difference between the deep cold and relatively warmer surface waters of the ocean to generate baseload electricity.
• Since OTEC exploits renewable solar energy, recurring costs to generate electrical power are minimal.
• The high fixed costs dominate the economics of OTEC to the extent that it currently cannot compete with conventional power systems.
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TYPES1. OPEN CYCLE OTEC
2. CLOSED CYCLE OTEC
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STATE OF TECHNOLOGY
• Closed cycle OTEC.• Conventionaly, Cold sea water is used as a heat
exchanger. It is inefficient and reduces the overall efficiency by 10-15%.
• We have used THERMOELECTRIC MODULE for make this process more efficient.
• A water level detector which indicates critical water levels in the surface water holding tank.
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Contd......
• We have used THERMOELECTRIC MODULE for make the condensor more efficient.
• The module is connected in closed cycle.• The 5V DC output is provided to the module which, according
to “PELTIER EFFECT”, produces a temperature difference ie. a cold surface on one side and hot surface on the other.
• The colder surface of the module is attached to the condensor which improves the condensation of unutilized steam and thus increases the overall cycle efficiency of OTEC.
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SCHEMATIC
INLET WATER TANK WITH WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR
BOILER
PRESSURIZER TURBINE
CONDENSER WITH TEC MODULE
STEP UP TRANSFORMER
RECTIFIER
BATTERY STORAGE
AC APPLICATIONS
3V AC, 3000 rpm 3v to 9v AC
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System Boundary
Power PlantControl SystemWarm Seawater is
External Input
Cold Seawater is External Input
Power to Power Plant is System
Output
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MATERIALS USED• PRESSURE COOKER as a boiler.
• 3V AC, 3000 rpm tubine.
• 3-9V AC Step up Transformer.
• TEC-12709 Termoelectric Module with condenser.
• Elecronic componenets : Diodes, NPN Transistors, LM5708, Buzzer, circuit board.
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WORKING• Inlet water tank holds the ocean surface water . A water pump is used
to move the water to the boiler. We have used pressure cooker as a boiler.
• The steam produces rushes to the turbine section thereby rotating the 3V AC,3000rpm turbine.
• A step up transformer used steps up the voltage to 9V.
• The rectifier section converts the AC voltage to DC voltage which is used to charge a battery. By using a voltage limiter circuit , we can also charge a mobile.
• The unused steam from the turbine reaches the condenser where the steam is converted to water , which is fedback to the water inlet tank.
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EFFICIENCY
Carnot efficiency :
E(c) = 1 – T(c) / T(h)
Temperatures needs to be in Kelvins, so :
1.0°C = 1.0 + 273 = 274K 100°C = 100° + 273 = 373K
Therefore :
E(c) = 1 - 274K / 373K = 0.26541 (about 26.54 %)
Carnot efficiency :
E(c) = 1 – T(c) / T(h)
Temperatures needs to be in Kelvins, so :
4.0°C = 4.0 + 273 = 277K 25°C = 25° + 273 = 298K
Therefore :
E(c) = 1 - 277K / 298K = 0.070 (about 7 %)
OTEC CONVENTIONAL METHOD
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Advantages
Reneweble
Fresh Water in open loop
Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning
Agriculture
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Disadvantages
Impingement and
Entrainment
Biocide Treatments
Effect on marine life
Efficieny and Economics
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FUTURE PROSPECTS• OTEC technology has the potential to be integrated with other
commercial systems (e.g., aquaculture and sea water air conditioning) and products (e.g., potable water, ammonia, and hydrogen).
• Energy and Economics can be enhanced by employing super efficient Hybrid cycle OTEC.
• Addressing Impacts of OTEC.
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CONCLUSIONOcean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a technology for generating renewable energy that uses the temperature difference between the deep cold and relatively warmer surface waters of the ocean to generate baseload electricity.
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Referenceswww.Wikki.com
www.google.com
www.oceanenrgy OTEC workdone at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory from 1970–1985 in conjunction with the Department of Energy.com