Ocean SustanaibilityFisheries changes in

paradigmsBeatriz Morales-Nin

INSTITUT MEDITERRÀNI D’ESTUDIS AVANÇATS

2

From subsistenceto commercial fisheries• Necessary conditions for fishing

• Available fish stock resources• Capacity of producing fishing effort

• Additional conditions for developing commercial fisheries• Available markets• Wealth creation – access to capital

• Consequences:• Labour is substituted by capital as capital becomes more

available and labour more expensive• The market failure of open access to the natural resource

becomes critical – hence: Fisheries management is necessary

3

Small-scalefisheries

Operating rangeLow High

Com

merc

ialisati

on

Low

Artisanal fleet

Hig

h

Recreational fishingSubsistence

Industrialised fleet

Who to be managed?

4

Protect Fisheries Nature

Object The Fisher The MarketStock

RecruitmentThe ecosystem

Types of means

Support Living

ConditionsMercantilism

Fish Size Regulation

Precautionary approach

InfrastructureFish

StockingHarvest Control

Rules

Extension services

Mesh Size Regulation

Effort and catch

regulationsMPA regulation

Development over time

History of Fisheries Management

5

Some management trends• 1000 Market access, improved infrastructure

• 1700 Technological development, regulation to increase efficiency

• 1900 Acknowledging overfishing problems

• 1970 Assuming catch to determine stock development

• 1975 Limited entry and quota regulation

• 1977 Exclusive Economic Zones

• 1985 Closing the commons, property rights

• 1992 Precautionary approach

• 1995 Indicator based harvest control rules

• 2000 Preserve biodiversity

• 2002 Ecosystem-based management

• Adaptive management

6

Management of system interaction•Management

Socio-economicaldynamics

Biologicaldynamics

Environmental Constraints

7

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