OCCUPATION HEALTH AND SAFETY

– ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

MOHAMMED RAFI2ND YEAR, M.Sc (N)

MTPG&RIHS

INTRODUCTIONOccupational safety and health (OSH) also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS) or workplace health and safety (WHS) is an area concerned with the

safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

KEY PRINCIPLE IN OCCUPATION SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

• All workers have rights• Occupational safety and health policies must be established. • A national system for occupational safety and health must be

established.• A national programme on occupational safety and health

must be formulated• Continuous improvement of occupational safety and health

must be promoted.• Information is vital for the development and implementation

of effective programmes

KEY PRINCIPLE IN OCCUPATION SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT (CONTD.)

• Health promotion is a central element of occupational health practice.

• Occupational health services covering all workers should be established

• Compensation, rehabilitation and curative services must be made available to workers who suffer occupational injuries, accidents and work related diseases

• Education and training are vital components of safe, healthy working environments

• Workers, employers and competent authorities have certain responsibilities, duties and obligations

• Policies must be enforced.

CHARACTERSTICS OF OCCUPATION HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM• System objectives (for OHSMS these may be ethical,

economic, legal and organizational goals; not all systems need have the same objectives).

• Specification of system elements and their inter-relationship; not all systems need have the same elements.

• Determining the relationship of the OHSMS to other systems (including the general management system, and the regulatory system, but also technology and work organization).

• Requirements for system maintenance (which may be internal, linked to a review phase, or external, linked for example to industry policies that support OHS best practice; system maintenance may vary between systems).

ELEMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEATH SAFETY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM• Organisation, Responsibility, Accountability

o Senior manager/involvemento Line manager/supervisor dutieso Management accountability and performance measuremento Company OHS policy

ELEMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEATH SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(CONTD.)• Consultative Arrangements

o Health and safety representatives - a system resourceo Issue resolution - HSR/employee and employer representativeso Joint OHS committeeso Broad employee participation

ELEMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEATH SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(CONTD.)• Specific Program Elements

o Health and safety rules and procedureso Training programo Workplace inspectionso Incident reporting and investigationo Statement of principles for hazard prevention and controlo Data collection and analysis/record keepingo OHS promotion and information provisiono Purchasing and designo Emergency procedureso Medical and first aido Monitoring and evaluationo Dealing with specific hazards and work organisation issues

APPROACHES TO OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

SAFETY• Commitment to a Safe Workplace (framing a

policy based on consultation).STEP 1• Recognising and Removing Dangers (using a

danger identification list).STEP 2• Maintaining a Safe Workplace STEP 3• Safety Records and Information STEP 4

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY• Clinician

o Primary preventiono Emergency care o Treatment services o Nursing diagnosis o Individual and group care plan o General Health advice and health assessment o Research and the use of evidence based practice

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (CONTD.)• Specialist

o Occupational health policy, and practice development, implementation and

o evaluation o Occupational health assessment o Health surveillance o Sickness absence management o Rehabilitation o Maintenance of work ability o Health and safety o Hazard identification o Risk assessment o Advice on control strategies o Research and the use of evidence based practice o Ethics

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (CONTD.)• Manager

o Management o Administration o Budget planning o Marketing o Service level agreements o Quality assurance o Professional audit o Continuing Professional development

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (CONTD.)• Co-ordinator

o Occupational health team o Worker education and training o Environmental health management

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (CONTD.)• Adviser

o To management and staff on issues related to workplace health management

o Agencies • Health educator

o Workplace Health promotion o Counsellor o Counselling and reflective listening skills o Problem solving skills

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (CONTD.)• Researcher

o Health needs assessment o Research skills o Evidence based practice o Epidemiology

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Preventive measures:

o Medical measures

o Engineering measures

o Other measures

• Medical measures:o Pre-placement examinationo Periodical examinationo Medical and health care serviceso Notification o Maintenance and analysis of recordso Health education and counsellingo Practicing good personal hygiene

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Practicing good personal hygiene:o Washing hands and face before eating, drinking, going to the toilet,

smoking.o Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply cosmetics in areas where silica is

being used.o Wear protective clothes and respiratory protection (Respirators must fit

tightly.) o Before leaving work, shower and change into clean clothes. Leave dusty

clothes at work.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Engineering measures o Design of building o Conduct air monitoring to measure the workers’ exposure to crystalline

silica. o Minimize exposures by controlling the creation of airborne particles, for

example, use wet drilling, local exhaust ventilation.o Personal Protective Equipments: Provide workers with protective

clothes, respiratory protection, and facilities for washing (showers) and changing.

o Enclosure / isolation o Environmental monitoring

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Prohibit Dry Cutting

Promote wet Cutting

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Personal Protective Equipments

Tyvek suit Gloves

Goggles

Boots

Respirator

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Fume extractor system Labeling of products

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

• Other measures:o Legal measures: Measures to minimize dust emissions and exposure to

dust.o Law compliance mechanisms, including effective workplace inspection

systems o Cooperation between management and workers and their

representativeso A mechanism for the collection and analysis of data on occupational

diseases o Collaboration with social security schemes covering occupational

injuries and diseases

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

PREVENTIVE MEASURES• Other measures:

o Training of health professionals in occupational diseases as majority of medical practitioners lack training in occupational health and consequently lack the skills to diagnose and prevent occupational diseases.

SUMMARY

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