Occupation Based Treatment Interventions for Patients with DementiaMolly Ganow COTA Patricia Trujillo OT, DCCT Diane Dismukes OTR

Cognitive Disabilities Model

-Claudia K. Allen, MA, OTR, FAOTA

(Top 100 Influential OT’s)

Identifies Best Ability to Function

Includes 6 Allen Cognitive Levels

Defines remaining ability at each level

Theory of Retrogenesis

-Barry Reisberg, M.D.

Loss of Function in reverse order as learned

Global Deterioration Scale

Functional Assessment Staging Tool

Determines Stage of Abilities to

Developmental age

Inverse order of stages to Allen Levels

Person-Centered Care

-Thomas Kitwood, PH.D.

Person with dementia is the focal point of all

caregiving process

Person with dementia’s interests, roles and

performance

Significance of Occupational Profile:

Obtaining information regarding the patient’s

past/current occupations and leisure

activities/interests is key in using this

approach to meet the patient with dementia’s

goals.

Montessori Approach

-Maria Montessori, M.D.

An individuals desire to learn & complete

activities that are of interest and at the

appropriate level for the person

Montessori Hierarchy:

Vertical Programming:

Downward Extension:

Decreased level from original task

Upward Extension:

Increased level of difficulty from original task

Horizontal Programming:

Activity of similar level of difficulty

“Achieving health, well-being, and participation in life through

engagement in occupation…” (AOTA OTPF, 2014)

GDS 1 ACL 6

GDS 4 ACL 4

GDS 5 ACL 3

GDS 6 ACL 2

GDS 7 ACL 1

GDS 3 ACL 5

GDS 2

Mild Alzheimer’s, early stage

Moderate Alzheimer’s, middle stage

Severe Alzheimer’s, late stage

Stages of Dementia

ReferencesBrush, J & Camp, C (1998). A Therapy Technique for Improving Memory: Spaced Retrieval. Beachwood, Ohio: Myers Research Institute.

Camp, C (1999) Montessori-Based Activities for Persons with Dementia: Volume 1. Published by Menorah Park Center for Senior Living

Carson, V. B. (n.d.). Revisiting the theory of retrogenesis. Retrieved fromhttp://www.nahc.org/news/revisiting-the-theory-of-retrogenesis/

Da Silva, R., Bueno, O., & Bertolucci, P. (2011). The retrogenesis theory to classify stages of Alzheimer'sdisease in a sample of the Brazilian population. The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 7(4)(Suppl.), S241–S242. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.685

Fazio, S., Pace, D., et al (2018, Jan 18). Alzheimer’s Association Dementia Care Practice Recommendations. The Gerontologist, 58(1)(Suppl.), S1-S9. doi: https://doi.org/10,1093/geront/gnx182

Getz, L. (2014). The Mediterranean diet and cognition. Today’s Dietician, 16(2), 26. Retrieved fromhttp://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/020314p26.shtml

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016, April 5). Symptoms and causes – dementia. Retrieved fromhttp://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dementia/basics/symptoms/con-20034399

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). What is dementia? In NINDS dementia

information page. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dementias/dementia.htm#What_is

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain & Process 3rd. edition.

O’Neil, M. E., Freeman, M., Christensen, V., Telerant, R., Addleman, A., & Kansagara, D. (2011). Asystematic evidence review of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral symptoms of dementia. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs (US). Retrieved fromhttp://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/publications/esp/Dementia-Nonpharm.pdf

Rogers, H., & Lasprilla, J. C. A. (2006). Retrogenesis theory in Alzheimer’s disease: Evidence and clinicalimplications. Anales de Psicología, 22(2), 260-266. Retrieved fromhttp://www.redalyc.org/pdf/167/16722211.pdf

Sclan SG, Reisberg B. Functional assessment staging (FAST) in Alzheimer's disease: reliability, validity, and ordinality. Int Psychogeriatr 4 Suppl 1: 55-69, 1992.

Stetka, B. S., Isaacson, R. S., & Glazer, H. P. (2014, June 4). More data on diet and dementia. Retrievedfrom http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/826064

Why the Montessori Method is becoming a Popular Treatment for Dementia. Alzheimers.net Blog, May 27, 2014

Allen-Cognitive-network.org

allencognitive.com/rti/

alzheimers.net/2014-05-27/montessori-method-dementia/

alz.org/dementia-care-practice-recommendations/#recommendations

brainline.org

biausa.org

crisisprevention.com/Specialties/Dementia-Care-Specialists

dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/facts/stages/

mossrehab.com/Brain-Injuries/brain-injury-fact-sheets.html

strokeassociation.org

teepasnow.com/

AppsDementiAssistConstant Therapy

ContactsDiane Dismukes 979.236.0337Patty Trujillo 314.973.3265