Occupant Behavior of a Plus-Energy Building Regarding Monitoring and Standard Values

Fakultät

Maschinenbau und Energietechnik

HTWK Leipzig University of Applied Sciences – Fakultät Maschinenbau und Energietechnik fbme.htwk-leipzig.de

Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig

Leipzig University of Applied Sciences

ESI SimulationX User Forum

Occupant Behavior of a Plus Energy Building Regarding Monitoring and Standard Values

M. Eng. Henryk Haufe

November 24-25, Dresden

Henryk Haufe, Mario Stelzmann, Ulrich Moeller and Stephan Schoenfelder

HTWK Leipzig University of Applied Sciences – Fakultät Maschinenbau und Energietechnik


Introduction

Reference Building

Simulation Model

Results

Summary and Outlook


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Note:

This presentation was published together with a technical paper. The full paper can be downloaded here.Paper Abstract Within a monitoring study by the Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, 35 residential buildings with future building standards are being analyzed. Two of these buildings (Plus Energy Buildings) are managed and analyzed by the Leipzig University of Applied Science. An energy-plus house produces more energy from renewable energy sources over the course of a year than it imports from external sources. Until now there have been serious differences between planning simulation and measurement. The main reason has been identified as non-matching simulation models. Complex technical building services, associated with the use of new building materials, exceed the possibility of usage for standardized programs. By using monitoring data, this paper describes the influence of tenants in low energy houses by using the Green-City library in SimulationX. The increasing influence of occupants on energy consumption will be illustrated.

https://www.simulationx.de/kundencenter.html


Introduction

• Until 2050, legislature pursues the aim a climate-neutral building stock in Germany

• Reduction of heat demand in buildings and the use of renewable energies are

essential keys to achieve this goal

• The close link between highly efficient building services and new construction

techniques requires a high level of building planning

• Small mistakes in planning may have a major impact on energy balance and costs

• An occupant state monitoring can validate if the requirements can be fulfilled in practice


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Reference Building

• Locations of the federal sponsorship program

“Effizienzhaus Plus”

• Current monitoring study of 35 residential buildings

with future building standards

• “Plus-Energy-House” in Bischofswiesen built in 2013


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Reference Building

• The multi-family building includes six apartments


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Reference Building

Building technology:

• water/water heat pump

• heating storage tank (5 m³)

• hot water storage tank (0.44 m³)

• floor heating and wall mounted radiators

• ventilation system with heat recovery

• 41.6 kWp photovoltaic system

• 25 kWh lead acid battery

• electric car

• Every 10 minutes a full measurement is recorded

by the existing monitoring technology.


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Fraunhofer Institut für Bauphysik


Simulation Model

Simulation parameter:

• simulation model is similar to the sketch of Fraunhofer Institute

• to simplify the simulation model the building geometry is separated into 4 heating zones (one for

each floor)

• building service at the basement (with waste heat) was simulated with a second heat pump

• number of persons in the building is calculated by the visitor’s tax and by the electricity and water

consumption

• working time of residents (monday – friday: 8 am – 4 pm)

• hot water consumption takes place continuously

• three weather simulations (summer, winter and stress situation for building service technology) -

7 days each


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Simulation Model


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First module: PV-system and electric car

Index

Ambienceinput location and weather data

PV-Moduleinput module characteristics

Electric-vehicleinput vehicle characteristics

Power Gridpower-consumption of all

components


Simulation Model


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Second module: hot water storage

Index

Heat pumpinput heat pump characteristics

Heated Boilerinput characteristics

Water supplyinput hot water extraction


Simulation Model


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Building/Floordetermining interior temperature,

room geometry, heat sources,…

Heat storagesimulation of the temperature behavior within

the heat storage

Building service and heating technology module

Index


Simulation Model


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Results

summer

an increased power and heat consumption is recorded

heat storage in summer is also supplied by the heat pump

supply flow temperatures confirm the first impression


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Results

summer

an increased power and heat consumption is recorded

heat storage in summer is also supplied by the heat pump

supply flow temperatures confirm the first impression


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Results


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summer

existing three way valve for hydraulic switching between hot water storage and thermal storage

isn’t adjusted to the control system

hot water temperatures are measured between 56.1 ° C and 55.5 ° C


Results

winter

individual ventilation behavior and lifestyle are the main factors for heat consumption in low energy

houses


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Results


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winter

Occupants should use active heat recovery of the ventilation system in each floor to reduce the

power consumption of the heat pump


Summary and Outlook

• Using dynamic simulations, it is possible to

analyze the “Plus Energy House” with some

limitations

• reasons for restriction:

1. differences and unknowns in occupant

behavior

2. chosen level of abstraction in SimulationX

• an exact analysis and evaluation of the

monitoring data is important to reduce planning

mistakes


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• For further extensive research in low-energy house sector it is recommended to analyze the actual energy

demand of house residents

• actual energy demand is determined by the people

• the heat demand of a building can not be predicted by a purely technical statistical point of view

Psychological aspects of residents should be studied and included in simulation models

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Copyright © ESI Group, 2017. All rights reserved.

www.esi-group.com

Download the Paper

This presentation was published together with a technical paper. The full paper can be downloaded here.Paper Abstract Within a monitoring study by the Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, 35 residential buildings with future building standards are being analyzed. Two of these buildings (Plus Energy Buildings) are managed and analyzed by the Leipzig University of Applied Science. An energy-plus house produces more energy from renewable energy sources over the course of a year than it imports from external sources. Until now there have been serious differences between planning simulation and measurement. The main reason has been identified as non-matching simulation models. Complex technical building services, associated with the use of new building materials, exceed the possibility of usage for standardized programs. By using monitoring data, this paper describes the influence of tenants in low energy houses by using the Green-City library in SimulationX. The increasing influence of occupants on energy consumption will be illustrated.

https://www.simulationx.de/kundencenter.html

Occupant Behavior of a Plus-Energy Building Regarding Monitoring and Standard Values

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