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Transcript of Occupancy Classification and Layout Guidelines - piba.org Presentations/Occupancy Classificat...Fire...
Occupancy Classificationand Layout Guidelines
Presented to PIBA Seminar GroupTodd LaBerge, P.E. – Senior Fire Protection Engineer
H6?
B?
F1?H3?S1?
H7?M?
A1?
U?
Presentation Overview
Occupancy Groups Limits of Group Classifications Sample Egress Issues Life Safety Equipment Guidelines Converting Buildings
Occupancy Groups
Defined by Uniform Building Code (UBC)Chapter 3
Each Group has a specified Letter A, B, E, F, H, I, M, S, U
Each Group has a Sub-Category 1, 2, 3 etc. Some have no sub-category
Occupancy Group Types
A= Assembly (Theaters, Lecture Halls etc)
B= Business (typical Offices)
F= Factory (production of goods)
H= Hazardous (the bad stuff)
M= Merchantile (shops, mall stores, REI, etc.)
S= Storage (warehouses, parking garages etc.)
Sub-Categories
Each sub-category is different for eachOccupancy Group Increase in number does not mean hazard
increases or decreases See Occupancy Handout
Occupancy Group Example
Semiconductor Chip Fab = “H6”: “H” for Hazardous “6” for Subcategory fitting description
Large Conference Room = “A3” “A” for Assembly “3” for Stage/Occupant Limiters
Popular Business Occupancies
A3 = Large conference rooms, Cafeterias B = Offices and labs* F1 = Factory – Most chemical-free production H6 = Fabs H3 = Physical Hazard Chemical Storage H7 = Health Hazard Chemical Storage S1 = Storage - Warehousing
* With limits and restrictions
Limits of a “B” Occupancy
Small offices, labs, etc. that do not use,store or otherwise have more chemicalsthan what is allowed in Tables 3D & 3E See Handout for determination
See UBC Chapter 3
Egress Issues in Industry(UBC Chapters 3 and 10)
Definitions Number of Required Exits Intervening Rooms Travel Distances Doors
Egress Definitions
Exit Access The travel from any point in the building to
an EXIT Moving from your desk to an EXIT door May include a hallways or corridors i.e. if we leave this room and move to an EXIT
Stairway
Egress Definitions (Cont’d)
The EXIT The Area between the Exit Access and the
EXIT Discharge Doors, Interior Stairwells, Vestibules i.e. any Exterior Door, Stairwell 3
Egress Definitions (cont’d)
Exit Discharge The area between the EXIT and the Public
Way Exterior Stairs, Ramps, Courtyards, Docks i.e. Where the EXIT door dumps you out at
Number of Required EXITs
All H Occupancy areas need 2 EXITS Exception: Areas less than 200 sq.ft.
An EXIT is either an EXIT door or anEXIT Access Door (i.e. into a corridor)
Intervening Rooms
Any rooms between your location and anEXIT Door Hallways are intervening rooms
Exiting may be into an intervening room* Less than 10 people can leave their room, go
through another and then hit an EXIT. Small Machine Area Large Lab Corridor
Travel Distances
Vary from 100 ft.to 250 ft. beforeyou reach an EXITor EXIT Corridor
Additional 100 ft.to EXIT if you arewithin a corridorin a sprinkleredbuilding
Exit Path Clearances
Minimum 36 inches CLEAR PATHanywhere
Minimum 44 inches in a Corridor andmain Main Aisleways
Dead End Corridors
Any Dead End portion in “H”Occupancies cannot be greater than 20ft. from an exit door
EXIT Doors
Must Swing inDirection of Travel in“A” and “H” Occ’y,and in any arearequiring 2+ EXITS
No locks, or it mustbe equipped withPANIC HARDWARE
Life Safety EquipmentEXIT Signs
Locations Above Every EXIT Door In conspicuous places Anywhere a clear path is not easily seen
Life Safety EquipmentAlarm Systems
Fire Alarm Systems Horns and Strobes must be installed in ALL
“H” and “A” Areas Usually combination horn/strobe Needed every 20 -100 ft. (depending upon
device)
Manual Pull Stations Must be installed at every main EXIT, and
at least ONE regardless of Occ’y.
Life Safety EquipmentFire Extinguishers
Extinguisher Types “Clean Agent” – Data Centers, Clean Rooms
CO2, Halon, FE36
Dry-Chemical for most occupancies
Location Preferably at the EXIT door Maximum Travel Distance to an Extinguisher
is 50 ft. in City of Santa Clara
Converting or Renovating
Things to Look Out For
Separation from Other Occupancies “A,” “H,” and “F” must have 1 hr. separation
from “B” 1 hr. separation from “H3” or “H7” storages 4 hr. separation between “H” and any “A”
Converting or RenovatingThings to Look Out For Chemical Introduction for Labs
Strict limits on Toxic, Corrosive andFlammable gases
Maximum Quantity of 250 scf or LESS 1 hr. separation may be needed
“Control Areas” issues may arise
General Exhaust might not be adequate
Converting or Renovating
Watch Egress issues Travel Distances to EXITs
B, F, S etc. = 250 ft. + 100 Corridor A, H = 100 ft. + Corridor
Converting or Renovating
More Egress Issues Number of EXITs
Each H6 needs 2 EXITs if > 200 sq.ft. Most B’s need 2 EXITs if > 3,000 sq.ft.
Converting or Renovating
Storage Room Requirements Separation Issues and Construction Location in Building
H3’s need to have one exterior EXIT door if> 500 sq.ft.
Mechanical/Electrical EquipmentCompatibility
Things to Remember Everything is Occupancy Dependent! What works for one, doesn’t work for all Egress, Egress, Egress!
2 EXITs 100 ft. or 250 ft. Travel ? Visible Signs and “smart” locations 36 inch clear path Only 1 Intervening Room
Things to Remember
Fire Extinguishers every 50 ft. of travel
Separation/Compatibility withsurrounding areas and occupancies
Watch Lab chemicals, especially Gases