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OCARINA("OptimizationstoCompelAdoptionofRINA")
MichaelWelzlRINAWorkshop– ResearchDay
i2CATBarcelona23.5.2018
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Projectoverview• 5-yearprojectfundedbyNorwegianresearchcouncil,started1October2016;1postdoc+3Ph.D.students– Focusedonperformance.Assumptions:1. RINAneedsto showfantasticperformance,2. RINAcan showfantasticperformance!
• 3mainWPs:cong.control,routing,Internetdeployment– RINAforcesustothinkdifferentlyaboutnetworkalgorithmssuchasroutingandcongestioncontrol
– E.g.,Internet-like"end-to-end"congestioncontrolcouldbeimplementedinaRINAnetwork,butthatwouldbeaverystrangeconfiguration 2
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TwomajormistakesofInternetCC.1. Firstproducecongestion,thenreacttoit
– CC.isnotonlyaboutcontrollingaproblemafterithappens:CC.isaboutdeterminingtherightsendingrateatanytime
– Congestionisalsonotbinary,andlossanddelayarebadsignals– Solution: createameaningful"load"signalthatdoesnotembedaveryspecificalgorithm(givesomefreedomtodesigners)
2. Cluelessaboutunderlyinginfrastructure,bydesign– InevitableresultofInternetlayering:"IPovereverything"(goodidea),"TCPoptimizedtoblindlyrunoverIP"(badidea)
• "Cross-layer"solutionsshow:wecoulddobetter;buttheycanneverbestandardizedbecausetheydon'tfittheInternetmodel
• ...andPEPspragmaticallyimprovethingsbut"shouldn'texist"
– Solution: useper-DIFloops,workwithback-pressure 3
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Addressingproblem#1:FixingECN
• Whyisitbroken?– Costincurredinthenetworkisadditiveperhop(seeNUMtheory),butcan'tre-mark amarkedpacketNote:costnotadditivewhenpacketsaredropped
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• OriginallynotamajorproblembecauseECNsignalshouldberare;butpoorsignal
• Better"load"signalinDCTCP-styleusage:instantaneousqueuemarking,countmarks/RTT
• Evenbetter"load"signalwhenmarkingbeforeaqueueevengrows(virtualQ)
Bettersignalquality,moreproblemswithmultiplelinks
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ProblemsofusingECNas“load”
• Itisnotadditive;it’saproduct:– (pr:end-to-endmarkingprobability)– (pl:linkmarkingprobability)
• ModerncontrollerssuchasDCTCPconvergeathighmarkingprobabilities.
• Thetheory(e.g.NetworkUtilityMaximization(NUM))needsanadditivesignal;aproductvaluedeviatesmuchinhighmarkingprobabilities(>0.04)!
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OurSolution• ExtendingtheKKTtheoremtoincludefunctionsasmultipliers,andthen
useasmultiplier.– Withalotofmathandstabilityanalysisofcourse…
• Results:(assumingalogarithmicutility)
Advantages:1. Newsignalisaprettygeneralsolution;justconveys"load",andcould
(relatively)easilybeextendedtomulti-bit2. Newsignalisprobablygoodinputtoload-basedroutingtoo3. REDasanalready-deployedsolutioncanbeused;onlysmallchangesat
sendersandreceivers6
x(1):avg.rateofafive-hopflowx(2):avg.rateofaone-hopflow
Simulationresults
deviation(previoustheory)
Numericalresults
ourmethod
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Howitworks
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Applications• Obtainingutilityfunctionwhenthemarkingprobabilityishigh,e.g.DCTCP:
• Deflatingmarkingprobability– Playingwiththebaseoflog
• Andthepotentialofdealingwithvirtual("phantom")queues!
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Addressingproblem#2:Per-DIFloopsPRISTINEbackground
• AsequenceofDIFsdoingTCPCC.ismuchlikeasequenceofsplit-TCPPEPs→canbebeneficial[1]– Examplesonthenextslides
• However,controlsusingrecursivequeuebasedfeedbackcanhavestabilityissues(+delayfrommultiplequeues)[2]
• Envisiontoaddressthiswithlogisticgrowthbasedcontrol[3]+new"fixed"ECN– Moreonthenextslides
1. PeymanTeymoori,MichaelWelzl,SteinGjessing,EduardGrasa,RobertoRiggio,KewinRausch,DomenicoSiracusa:"CongestionControlintheRecursiveInterNetworkingArchitecture(RINA)",IEEEICC2016,KualaLumpur,Malaysia,23-27May2016.
2. DavidHayes,PeymanTeymoori,MichaelWelzl:"FeedbackinRecursiveCongestionControl",13thEuropeanWorkshoponPerformanceEngineering(EPEW2016),Chios,Greece,5-7October2016.
3. PeymanTeymoori,DavidHayes,MichaelWelzl,SteinGjessing:"EvenLowerLatency,EvenBetterFairness:LogisticGrowthCongestionControlinDatacenters",IEEELCN2016,Dubai,UAE,Nov2016.
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Horizontal:ConsecutiveDIFs
Topology: Results:
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Vertical:StackedDIFs
Topology: Results:
1sender,1receiver:Sendersendsflow1(large)at0,andflow2(small)attime10.
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LogisticGrowth:PopulationDynamicsProventobegloballyasymptoticallystable
N
Time
K = carrying capacity
∆N∆t
is maximized
∆N∆t
= 0
∆N∆t
= 0
1800 1900
r = growth rate
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LGCinachain– MultipleLoopsFoodchainmodel:variousstabilityanalysesexist...
C1
1 2
router2
C2
router
C3L1,1 L2 L3
router1
L1,2
q1 reflectsthecongestionmeasureatbothrouters1and2
x1=x1+x1r(C1– x1– q1)
x2=x2+x2r(C2– x2– q2)
x3=x3+x3r(C3– x3– q3)
C1=min(x2,L1,1,L1,2)
C2=min(x3,L2)
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WhataboutMachineLearning?
• Remy(offlinelearning),PCC+Vivace(onlinelearning)derive"optimal"TCPbehavior– ML!Likeinaself-drivingcar!
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Self-driving!
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Limitationsofe2eCC• Therearemany...e.g.considerthe"verticalstacking"case:Remyetc.can'thelphereeither
• More"modern"example:especiallywith5G,PHYlinkcapacitycanchangealot,andquickly– TCPcannotquicklyreacttoit:TCPcan'tbesureasignalisfromthebottleneck
• IETFfailure;recentexample:"throughputguidance"– Onlysafetoreduce therate(andonlyifsignaltrustworthy)– SurveyofsuchideasthatfailedintheIETF:draft-dawkins-panrg-what-not-to-do
• RINAisanopportunitytoapplyMLtobetter-scopedproblems! 15
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Deployment
• WecanconsiderRINA-under-IP,RINAoverlay,andRINA-IPgateways...
• Butwecanalsoconsider"switchingover"!– OnceahostdiscoversthatthewholepathtotheotherendisRINA-enabled,switch
– Today,often,pathsareshort(Google,FB,...arenotfarawayfromyou)
– TCP/IPareonlyrendez-vousprotocols– SomerecentIETFstandardscouldhelp
• AlittleironicJ 16
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TransportServices(IETFTAPSWG)• Makesappsindependentofprotocoland networkinterface
– Finishedsurveyingandcondensingservicesprovidedby:TCP,MPTCP,UDP,UDP-Lite,SCTP,LEDBAT
– NowworkingonProposedStandard API+implementationguidance,withAppleamongothers;implementations:Apple,NEAT(opensource)
• APIproperties:callback-based,message-oriented– Hidesprotocols,butsupportsallfeaturesofallprotocolsabove+plan:QUIC– Someexampleprotocolproperties(somealso:protocol&pathselection):
Reliability,Ordering,Per-MessageReliability,0-RTTSessionEstablishment,RTXandICMPnotification,Checksumcoveragecontrol,Capacityprofile(normal,lowlatency,CBR,scavenger),Interfacetype,Multiplexing(multistreaming),RelativeNicenesswithingroup
– Varioussecurityparameters17
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Interfacediagram(takenfrom:BrianTrammell,TAPS@IETF101)
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ProvisioningDomains(PvDs)(INTAREAWG)
• RouterAdvertisement(RA)optionfromfirst-hoprouterconveysFQDNthathostcanusetoretrieveextrainfoaboutnetworkaccesscharacteristicsviaHTTPoverTLSquery
• Applicationsthenselect(vialocalIPaddress)whichPvDtouse,andcanlearnconfig.paramsfortransportlayerandabove
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ExamplefromNEATproject
(GorryFairhurst,TomJones
(UniversityofAberdeen)
AndréVenne,EricBruneau
(Cisco))
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Conclusion
• Congestioncontrol– RINA"forces"ustodoitinafundamentallydifferent,and(probably)inherentlybetterway
• betterthroughput,lesslatency
• Thiswillenableload-basedrouting– chanceformuchhigherthroughput
• ...andthereareinterestingdeploymentopportunities
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Thankyou!
Questions?
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