Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By: Alexa Van Bergen, Nathan Northcutt, Enrique Barajas, Sandy Fisher,...
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Transcript of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By: Alexa Van Bergen, Nathan Northcutt, Enrique Barajas, Sandy Fisher,...
Obsessive Compulsive
DisorderBy: Alexa Van Bergen, Nathan
Northcutt, Enrique Barajas, Sandy Fisher, Andrew Crist
What is OCD?
● Characterized by Obsessions and Compulsions
● Obsessions- recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images- the individual attempts to suppress them with another thought or action
What is OCD?
● Compulsions- Repetitive behaviors that the individual feels compelled to perform- Aimed at reducing anxiety, distress or preventing a dreaded situation
● Must be time consuming and cause clinically significant impairment and distress
Who has OCD?
● 1.2% of Americans have OCD.● Onset in later teens early 20s.● Women more than men, vice versa in
childhood.● 40% experience remission if diagnosed
in childhood.
Causes of OCD
Specific cause not yet discoveredVarious theories1.Biological2.Environmental3.Temperamental*Combination of all
Causes of OCD: Biological● Problems in communication between the front part of the brain
and deeper structures of the brain● “Leaky filter” in basal ganglia
-possibly caused by Group A streptococcal infections
Causes of OCD: Biological
● Neurochemical imbalances -low levels of serotonin -medications that affect serotonin
“normalize” brain circuits● Caudate nucleus (overactivity)
-brain region that controls habits● Runs in families
-no specific gene
Causes of OCD:Environmental
How risk for OCD increases● Physical/sexual abuse in childhood● Various infectious agents● Postinfectious autoimmune syndrome● Other stressful or traumatic events
Causes of OCD:Temperamental
Possible risk factors:1. Greater internalizing symptoms2. Higher negative emotionality3. Behavior inhibition in childhood
Behaviors
Obsessions lead to compulsions-Examples: obsession with orderliness can cause someone to arrange their canned goods to face a certain way
Compulsions depend on whatever the person is fixated on and are irresistible urges to behave in a certain way.
Behaviors
Behaviors are performed to relieve anxiety
These behaviors impact everyday life● Lengthy rituals can lead to tardiness● Some rituals can be harmful
-washing hands until they are raw
Living with OCD
- avalanche of intrusive images, or actions invading the conscious mind
- the obsessions are outside what the person can control.
- people with OCD don’t like the way that the word obsessed is used today
Continued.
- Anxiety comes from these obsessions.
- They use the compulsion to try to curb the anxiety.
- Self-help, when they need professional help
Howie Mandel
- diagnosed in mid 2000- Teased a lot in school
for his behavior.- hurt his career.- Howie known as a germaphobe. - has a separate house to get away
when he is too anxious.
Affects
- Found it hard to explain to his children when they were young why he acted funny.
- How would employers work around it.
- Stress on many different functions of everyday life.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
● Focuses on the relationships between thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors.
● Generally, 7 of 10 will benefit from treatment or medicine.
● There have been studies that show that brain functions improve
while using CBT.
● Considered a “First Line Treatment” in many anxiety disorders,
including OCD.
● Most effective CBT is know as Exposure and Response Prevention
(ERP).
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
● “Exposure” confronts the thoughts, images, objects and
situations that causes the Anxiety
● “Response Prevention” is basically a choice. The choice of not
doing the compulsive behavior.
● This process starts of small; focusing on the smaller rituals or
checkings that cause the least amount of anxiety; as progress is
made, therapy focuses on the rituals and checkings that cause
the most anxiety.
● This type of therapy requires a commitment.
● 75% improvement with OCD
Deep Brain Stimulation
http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/24/health/brain-stimulation-ocd/
Deep Brain Stimulation
● New treatment
● Electrodes attached to brain- Electrical impulses sent through brain
● Used in cases where conventional methods have not worked
Pharmacotherapy ● Started back in the 1960s and uncontrolled● Clomipramine
o a tricyclic antidepressant with specific inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin
o increases activity of certain chemicals in the braino 25mg every day at bedtime
● 1980s controlled o found to be an important advancement o trials then lead to a superior drug
● Fluvoxemineo SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)o affects chemicals in the brain that become unbalancedo 20mg every day
Pharmacotherapy● Pretty effective ● SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
o the most effective pharmacotherapy for OCDo considered to be “first-line”
● Differs person to person ● Differs from those with anxiety and depression in two major
ways:o 1. OCD have a higher dosage of the SSRIs before seeing big
changes o 2. Improvements are gradual usually over 10-12 weeks
ReferencesPallanti S, Hollander E, Goodman WK
J Clin Psychiatry. 2004; 65 Suppl 14():6-10 Barbieri V, Lo Russo G, Francione S, Scarone S, Gambini OEpilepsy Behav. 2005 Jun; 6(4):617-9. Tass PA, Klosterkötter J, Schneider F, Lenartz D, Koulousakis A, Sturm VNeuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Jul; 28 Suppl 1():S27-34.
Haddad, Jessica, Eric M. Stauss. “Germs: ‘No Deal’ for Host Howie Mandel.” ABC News. ABC New Network, 24 Nov. 2009. Web. 08 Apr. 2015.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-V. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Print.
“Deep Brain Stimulation.” - Mayo Clinic. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.
Thomas, J. “Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for OCD: On Safety, Efficacy--and Financial Incentives.” Psychiatric Times 29.9 (2011): 1-10. Print.
Nichols, Hannah. "What Is Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)? What Causes Obsessive-compulsive Behavior?" Medical News Today. MediLexicon
International, 23 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.
“Cognitive Behavior Therapy.” International OCD Foundation. N.p., 27 May 2014. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.
“Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Information Guide.” CAMH: Treatments for OCD: Cognitive-behavioural Therapy. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015
"Treatments & Services." NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.