Observatory System of Systems LSST Internet 2 MSC NVO Mauna Kea Observatories Mauna Kea...

Observatory System of Systems

LSSTLSST

Internet 2Internet 2

MSCMSC

NVONVO Mauna KeaObservatories

Mauna KeaObservatories

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Observatory Systems of Systems

OVERVIEW Goal:Goal:

Leverage astronomical community’s plan to develop a: synoptic survey telescope (LSST) interactive web-based access to massive archival databases (NVO) world’s premiere observation site and largest in-place telescope investment (Mauna Kea) wide-band remote access to telescopes, computing centers, and databases (Internet2) state-of-the-art high performance computing center(MHPCC)

into a new model of a system-of-systems observatory that would generate a dramatic change in both: how observational astronomy is conducted, and what we understand of our universe.

Request:Request: $5M in FY-02 to provide developmental funding to capture a ~ $200M out-year program for Hawaii-based organizations. FY-03 and 04 needed funding would be approximately $10M each year to bring the initiative to fruition.

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Components Systems:Systems:

LSST - Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope (6.5M) NVO - National Virtual Observatory (Petabytes of data) Mauna Kea family of Observatories -

Infrared Telescope Facility (3.0M) Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (3.6M) United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (3.8M) Keck I & II (10M/10M) Subaru telescope (8.3M) Gemini North (8M)

Maui Supercomputer Center (2.2 teraflops) Internet 2 (bandwidth)

ObservatoryObservatory complex system of systemscomplex system of systemsfor which the telescopefor which the telescopeand instrument isand instrument isonly the front-endonly the front-end

LSSTLSST

Internet2IInternet2I

MSCMSC

NVONVO Mauna KeaObservatoriesMauna KeaObservatories

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Concept

LSST - all sky survey NVO - archival reference Internet 2 - nodal connectivity MSC - change detection, dynamic database Mauna Kea - rapid & detailed follow-up World-wide observatories - detailed follow-up Astronomical Community -

professional - off-site participation educational - teaching resource amateur - database access

IfA - Observatory System of Systems administration

Worldwide

Observatories

Worldwide

ObservatoriesAstrophysical

CommunityAstrophysical

Community

IfAIfA

MSCMSC

LSSTLSSTMauna KeaMauna Kea

Internet 2

Internet 2

NVONVO

Mauna KeaField of ViewMauna KeaField of View

Merge Astrophysical and Information Technologies

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LSST - overview Parameters -Parameters -

Telescope Class - 6.5 meter class (50m2 collecting area) , 3 deg FOV

Instrument -24 magnitude sensitivity, 50,000 x 50,000 pixels

Data Rate - 20,000 deg2/week, terabytes/day Data Storage - 1+ petabyte Cost - ~$150M, funding - NSF/NASA/other non-government

Area of InvestigationArea of Investigation opens up the field of time-domain astronomy -

revolutionize knowledge of astronomical source that vary or move on short time-scales (e.g. - movies versus still photos)

10,000,000,000 objects within grasp, 10,000,000 variable objects expected

real-time data stream to astronomical community - professional, academic, amateur

6Observatory Systems of Systems

LSST - knowledge generation

Asteroids / NEOsAsteroids / NEOs- 90% of 250-meter class within first decade, 100’s/day to be detectioned- 90% of 250-meter class within first decade, 100’s/day to be detectioned- understand the origin, relationships, and fate of small bodies in the Solar System- understand the origin, relationships, and fate of small bodies in the Solar System

Kuiper Belt and Trans-Neptunian ObjectsKuiper Belt and Trans-Neptunian Objects- - - - 10,000 orbital maps, complex dynamic structure, gross physical characterization10,000 orbital maps, complex dynamic structure, gross physical characterization

Planet Search Planet Search - - - - 100,000,000 stars investigated using occultation(gas-giants) and micro-lensing 100,000,000 stars investigated using occultation(gas-giants) and micro-lensing (Jupiter-size) planets(Jupiter-size) planets

Super Novas Super Novas - discover ~ 100,000 year, addresses question of heavy element - discover ~ 100,000 year, addresses question of heavy element abundance abundance

Galactic HaloGalactic Halo - - low-luminosity White Dwarfs of ~0.5 solar masseslow-luminosity White Dwarfs of ~0.5 solar masses Dark Matter Dark Matter - -

- - synthesize optics, software, high throughput data analysis to image and map non-synthesize optics, software, high throughput data analysis to image and map non-luminous materluminous mater

Active Galactic Nuclei Active Galactic Nuclei - - construct complete sample of typesconstruct complete sample of types Celestial Archive Celestial Archive - -

- Transients / temporal dimension- gamma ray burst (rising light curve), eclipsing - Transients / temporal dimension- gamma ray burst (rising light curve), eclipsing binaries, lensed quasars, binaries, lensed quasars, - Vast new discovery space of optical transients -’ unknown unknowns’- Vast new discovery space of optical transients -’ unknown unknowns’- Digital Sky Map - co-adding repeated scans to generate limiting magnitude of 26.5- Digital Sky Map - co-adding repeated scans to generate limiting magnitude of 26.5- Support observations at all wavelengths via participation in National Virtual - Support observations at all wavelengths via participation in National Virtual ObservatoryObservatory

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NVO National Virtual Observatory:National Virtual Observatory:

integration of all major astronomical archives into a interoperable system of federated multi-wavelength data bases

exploit potential for scientific discovery afforded by LSST and other survey programs

focus for development of capabilities that do not yet exist realize full potential of petabyte datasets establish statistical correlations, discover significant patterns and

temporal variations understand complex astrophysical systems, interactive numerical

simulations & statistically complete multivariate bodies of data

Tool Sets Tool Sets processing ~ tera scale distributed storage ~ petabyte image libraries~ 500,000,000 point sources / 1,000,000 extended

sources dynamic range ~ 11 mag rapid querying of large scale catalogsreal time collaboration softwareDigital Sky & GIOD technologies, XSIL, new computational tools data analysis visualization multivariate patterns grid computing


Maui Supercomputing Center

Computational Characteristics of Computational Characteristics of Observatory System of Systems:Observatory System of Systems: Tera-byte / night of data process data-stream in near real-time detect, characterize, classify objects / events retrievable achieve - data structures

Applications:Applications: tuned-change detection algorithms scaling - data storage of world’s largest non-proprietary

database real-time data mining / farming tool-set Access-query user-interface & analysis data-visualization

aids

Functions:Functions: Curator of existing data sets support multiple types of queries Interconnection to other NVO sites


Mauna Kea Observatories

Site Characteristics:Site Characteristics: elevation favorable climatic conditions - smooth Pacific air

flow, mountain dryness equatorial proximity - northern & southern

hemisphere viewing provides US astronomers with special advantage -

generating leadership position significant infrastructure already in place, recent

publication of site master plan (w/o LSST as tenant)

Observation Capability:Observation Capability: - world’s largest observational site, most power

collection of optical/infrared and sub-millimeter telescopes

___% of nation’s observation capability

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Internet 2 Accessibility - User Explosion:Accessibility - User Explosion:

Professional: front-line astronomers, need breeds of ‘archival’ astronomers

The Public / Educational user Amateur

Tool Set;Tool Set; vBNS - very high speed backbone network service - OC192 /

9.6Gbps ATM - asynchronous transfer mode quality of service GigaPOP - regional high performance aggregation points Middleware - Glueworks Distributed Storage -Manoa as Infrastructure anchor point Remote Operations - GLOBUS Virtual Laboratories - AURA / SPARC Internet of the future -

billions of Internet 2 users, convergence applications, embedded systems, unknown killer apps

Technology availability for critical Observatory System of Systems functions by 2005

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Systems Concept DRIVER: DRIVER: LSSTLSST

ability to conduct all-sky survey with high sensitivity instrument

good for IfA areas of inquiry

ENABLERS:ENABLERS: NVO / MSC / Internet 2NVO / MSC / Internet 2 NVO technology/approaches to capturing, warehousing,

mining, and disseminating data MSC - good mission fit, looking for strategic sponsor, currently

has cycles-to-burn, ability to scale-up to LSST/NVO long-term demand

Internet 2 - UH as node

HARVESTER:HARVESTER:Mauna Kea Observatories Mauna Kea Observatories (and others)(and others) ability to convert LSST/NVO alerts into new discoveries new paradigm for observational astronomy -- near real-time

response to celestial anomalies, vice attempting to predict where they might be observed

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Technical Issues LSST:LSST:

site, telescope, instrument/detector, data processing, internal system operation

hardware performance, software performance

MSC / NVO (SOSO sub-set):MSC / NVO (SOSO sub-set): terascale pipeline processing data acquisition, calibrations/registration, QA, pipelining,

archiving, data mining, data farming, retrieval computational hardware / software /

exchange protocols, cross-correlation tools, metadata standards data access layer, query and computing services, data mining,

data farming, data analysis / visualization

Mauna Kea Observatories:Mauna Kea Observatories: LSST and Master Plan

Internet II:Internet II: communication architecture VBNS, GigaPOP, GLOBUS

System of SystemsSystem of Systems concept of operations, systems engineering / integration

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Funding Issues Potential Funding conduits:Potential Funding conduits: NASA, NSF, DOE DoD - Naval Observatory, NRL, AFRL/DE, NRO Private

Near-Term Effort Near-Term Effort (with Congressional Support): bridge funding to jump-start Observatory System of Systems

architecture development development of A-spec for LSST selected technology risk reduction

Mid-Term Mid-Term (based on historical trends):(based on historical trends): National Research Council - Astronomy & Astrophysics in the New

Millennium 5th in a series of decadal reports 21 new equipment initiatives based on scientific merit, technical

readiness, cost effectiveness $4.67B in scope SOSO #2 (under combined projects of LSST, NVO, WAVE)

Trends - increase in international projects increase in university-based consortia to build and operate midsized-to-

large telescopes general increase in the size of research groups pursuing large/long-term

programs NASA - 60%, NSF - 30%, Private - 10+%

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Cost Issues Long-term Funded program:Long-term Funded program:

LSST telescope - $70M Instrumentation - EO $16M Instrumentation - IR $20M Operations ($3M for 10 years) $30M

NVO/MSC (SOSO/LSST element) Software $10M Hardware - Computational $5M Hardware - Storage ($2M/year) $20M Hardware - Visualization $2M Hardware - Communication $3M Operations ($2M/year for 10 years) $20M

$196 Near-Term Effort Near-Term Effort (FY-02 through 04):(FY-02 through 04):

LSST: technology development and A-Spec $15MNVO/MSC Architecture $10M

Systems of Systems Observatory

Back-up Slides

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NEO Threat NEO - NEO - Near Earth Object = Near Earth Object = Asteroids and CometsAsteroids and Comets

extreme case of low-probability events / high-consequence effectsextreme case of low-probability events / high-consequence effects

Binzel Report Binzel Report (NAS Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee)

Population:Population: > 1-meter, 1,000 20% discovered > 100-meter, 150,000 1% discovered

Earth Impact Rate ~:Earth Impact Rate ~: 1KM ~ 1 per 100,000 years ~ 10,000 MT TNT energy

release 100m ~ 1 per 100 years ~50 MT TNT energy release >1 m ~ 100,000 kg /day

Historical Record of Cataclysmic EventHistorical Record of Cataclysmic Event Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction (65 million) ~ mass extinction Tunguska, Siberia - (1908) ~ 50m ~ 10-20MT (>100KM2 devastation) Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1999) Annual Hiroshima scale energies dissipate in atmosphere (earth shields upto

30-50M)

Bottom-line =Bottom-line = 1% chance of severe regional damage in next century


New Approach to Astronomy

in the past, exploratory efforts in astronomy were constrained by the need to carefully select small samples, we can now imagine exploiting the revolution in computing and networking to: - discover patterns revealed from analysis of

statistically rich and unbiased image and/or catalog databases and from application of advanced visualization tools; and,

- deepen our understanding of complex astrophysical systems through sophisticated numerical simulations with the use of advanced statistical methods

erase old barriers of time and distance in carrying out modern astronomical observations

Observatory System of Systems LSST Internet 2 MSC NVO Mauna Kea Observatories Mauna Kea...

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