Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)1...

05/03/2003 IGN (Madrid) 1

Observatorio Astronómico NacionalInstituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA

CAY

Development of IF Amplifiers for ALMA

Isaac López-Fernández (Engineer OAN)

Carmen Diez (PM Herschel TTI)

Rafael Garcia (Technician OAN)

Juan Daniel Gallego (Engineer OAN)

Alberto Barcia (Engineer OAN)

05/03/2003 IGN (Madrid) 2


CAY

OUTLINE

• Presentation of Observatorio Astronómico Nacional

• Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers

• Particularities of Cryogenic Amplifiers

• Devices

• HIFI Amplifiers

• Isolators

• ALMA Amplifiers

• Summary

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ORGANIZATION

CNIGC en tro N ac ion a l d e In fo rm ac ió n G eog rá fica

Observatorio de Madrid A lcalá de Henares Observatorio de Yebes

Observatorio Astronóm ico NacionalN ation a l A s tron om y O b serva to ry

Instituto Geográfico NacionalN ation a l G eog rap h ica l In s titu te

Ministerio de Fom entoD ep artm en t o f P u b lic W orks

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ORGANIZATION: AREAS

S in g le D ish V L B I

S c ien c tific

In s tru m en ta tion R /D

Tech n ica l

Observatorio Astronóm ico NacionalN ation a l A n tron om y O b serva to ry

STAFF: Technical: 10 Eng.+ 5 Tech.Scientific: 12 Astr.Admin: 7

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CAY

INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS

IRAMm m W R ad io A s tron om y In s titu te

EVNE u rop ean V L B I N etw ork

ALMAA tacam a L arg e M illim eter A rray

HERSCHELH eterod yn e In s tru m en t

OANO b serva to rio A s tron ó m ico N ac ion a l

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CAY

TECHNICAL PROJECTS (1)

• 40m Antenna: – Commissioning: 2004

– Receivers

– Holography

• HERSCHEL: – DM: finished

– QM: 2003

– FM/FS: 2003-2004

– Launch: 2007

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TECHNICAL PROJECTS (2)

• IRAM:– Next Generation Plateau de Bure Receivers

• ESOC:– X band Cryogenic Amplifiers for DSN receivers

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Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers (1)

• More than 150 cryogenic LNAs for different applications:– IRAM: Grenoble, PdB interferometer, 30m (IF amplifiers)– HERSCHEL:

• DMs for mixer groups (CALTECH, DEMIRM, IRAM, JPL, KOSMA, SRON)

• DMs Delivered (QMs, FMs, FSs in ALCATEL)– CFA: Harvard, USA, SMA

– ARECIBO (Puerto Rico)

– BORDEAUX Observatory– EMCOR (Atmospheric sensing)– PRONAOS (mm receiver in stratospheric balloon)– ESOC: DSN X band receivers– CAY: VLBI receivers (X and K band)

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Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers (2)

• Wide experience with HEMT devices– More than 30 batches of commercial GaAs transistors tested

– Several models of InP transistors measured• JPL-TRW (CHOP program): 15 batches, 9 models

• ETH Zurich: 8 batches, 4 models• Chalmers University: 1 batch

• HRL: 1 batch, 4 models

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Particularities of Cryogenic Amplifiers

• Extreme range of temperatures (400 K)• Mechanical stress due to differential expansion coefficients

– Substrates– Connectors– Epoxy

• Some passive components do not work– Resistors– Capacitors

• Some semiconductors do not work (carrier freezing)– HEMTs may need illumination– LEDs– Zenner

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Stress Relief Contacts

• An example: ‘O’ ribbon connection in the SMA tab contact:– Allows mobility in three axis– Excellent electrical properties compared with traditional SMA

connections

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Microwave Capacitors at Cryogenic Temperature

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Design Description (1)

Interstage matching circuits

MICROTECHDC connector

SMA connector

Bias cavity with biasing circuits

Transistor area detail.See sourceinductive feedbackand drainresistive loading

ETH transistorwith bonding wires

1 2 3

Input matching circuit Output matching circuit

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3 4 5 6 7 8 90

5

10

15

20

25

30

YCF 2 InP devices comparisonOptimum noise bias

ETH T-35 TRW T-45 TRW T-42

Ga

in (

dB

)

Freq. (GHz)

0.0

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

12.5

15.0

Tn

(K

)

ETH T-35 TRW T-45 TRW T-42

TRW T-42 CRYO3 200×0.1 μm gate Best performance

TRW T-45 CRYO4 200×0.1 μm gate Used in DMs Space qualifiable, to be used in FMs CHOP developed

ETH T-35 200×0.2 μm gate Experimental transistor Design by request Used in DMs

0.22 mm

0.19

mm Transistors

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HIFI YCF 6004

m=65 g 58 x 32 x 15 mm

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HIFI YCF 6004 (Noise and Gain)

3 4 5 6 7 8 90

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Noi

se T

emp

[K]

f [GHz]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

YCF 6004V

d1=0.85 V, V

d2=0.5 V, I

d=3 mA

Gai

n [d

B]

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HIFI YCF 6000 (Noise and Gain)

3 4 5 6 7 8 90

2

4

6

8

10

12

Tn

[K]

Freq. [GHz]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

HERSCHEL IF1 YCF 6 DMsP

D=4 mW, T=14 K

Gai

n [d

B]

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HIFI YCF 6000 (I/O Reflection)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Freq. [GHz]

S11,

S22

[dB

]

HERSCHEL IF1 YCF 6 DMsP

D=4 mW, T=14 K

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HIFI YCF 6000 (Gain Stability)

10-2 10-1 100 10110-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

YCF 6001 Gain fluctuations Spectrum8 GHz, 14 K Vd1=0.85 V Vd2=0.5 V Id1,2=3 mA

G/G

[H

z-1

/2]

Freq. [Hz]

measured fitted correction

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.80.00

2.50x10-5

5.00x10-5

7.50x10-5

1.00x10-4

1.25x10-4

1.50x10-4

Gain fluctuations noise floor

YCF 6001 1st stage fluctuations8 GHz, 14 K Id=3 mA

VD1

(device) [V]

G/G

@1

Hz

[1/H

z1/

2]

0.0

1.0x10-5

2.0x10-5

3.0x10-5

4.0x10-5

5.0x10-5

6.0x10-5

VG @

10 H

z [V

/Hz

1/2]

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HIFI YCF 6000 (Results)

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Isolators: Measurements

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Isolators: Performance

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

Isol

atio

n [d

B]

Freq. [GHz]

PAMTECH CTH 1365 K10 ISOLATORS (T=15 K)

S12 S21

Lo

sse

s [d

B]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0PAMTECH CTH 1365 K10 ISOLATORS (T=15 K)

S22 S11

Ref

lect

ion

coef

f. [d

B]

Freq. [GHz]

MEASUREMENTS @ 14 K [dB] ISOLATOR MODEL

DATA TYPE S11 < S22 < S12 < S21 >

Gav mean [dB]

ΔTc mean [K]

Best of 9 -19.6 -19.0 -19.6 -0.27 -0.17 0.81

Average -18.8 -18.1 -17.4 -0.36 -0.20 1.12 CTH1365 K4

Worst of 9 -18.2 -17.3 -16.0 -0.46 -0.30 1.48

Best of 5 -18.0 -17.9 -20.7 -0.50 -0.26 1.25

Average -16.2 -15.4 -18.3 -0.58 -0.28 1.38 CTH1365 K10

Worst of 5 -15.0 -14.0 -16.5 -0.66 -0.30 1.47

05/03/2003 IGN (Madrid) 23


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• Isolators measured @ 14 K (PAMTECH gives data @ 77 K)

• Good agreement between measurement and estimation of isolator noise

• Mean contribution 1.1 – 1.4 K

3 4 5 6 7 8 90

5

10

15

20

25

30

YCF 6005 (T=14 K)

Tn

(K)

Freq (GHz)

No Isolator Isolator K10 SN 101

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

G(d

B)

Isolators

ampambiso

c TTG

T

1

1

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ALMA YCA 1000 FEATURES

• Demonstration prototype

• 3 stages for more gain

• InP in first stage for low noise

• GaAs in 2nd and 3rd stages for easy procurement

• Smaller size and weight (no extra cavity)

• Less limitations in power dissipation

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ALMA YCA 1002

m=31 g 46 x 29 x 9.0 mm

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YCA 1002 (Noise and Gain)

3 4 5 6 7 8 90

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Noi

se T

emp

[K]

f [GHz]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

YCA 1002V

d1=1 V, V

d2,3=2.1 V, I

d=6 mA

Gai

n [d

B]

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YCA 1001 (Gain Stability)

10-2 10-1 100 10110-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

YCA 1001 Gain fluctuations Spectrum8 GHz, 14 K Vd1=0.9 V Vd2,3=3 V Id1=6 mA Id2,3=5 mA

G

/G [

Hz-1

/2]

Freq. [Hz]

measured fitted correction

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YCA 1001 (Gain Stability)YCA 1001

(T=16 K LED OFF)

0,0E+00

2,0E-05

4,0E-05

6,0E-05

8,0E-05

1,0E-04

1,2E-04

1,4E-04

1,6E-04

1,8E-04

0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45 0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65

Vd [V]

G

/G @

1 H

z [1

/Hz1

/2]

Id=3 mA

Id=4 mA

Id=5 mA

Id=6 mA

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CAY

HIFI YCF 6004/ALMA YCA 1002

Amplifier HIFI

(YCF 6004) ALMA

(YCA 1002) Band 4-8 GHz 4-8 GHz Average Noise Temperature 3.6 K 3.4 K Average Gain 26.7 dB 39.2 dB Gain ripple 1.1 dB 1.1 dB Normalized Gain Fluctuation

8.6 10-5 Hz-1/2 @1 Hz 6.210-5 Hz-1/2 @1 Hz

Total power dissipation 4 mW 31 mW Dimensions 58 x 32 x 15 mm 46 x 29 x 7.5 mm Weight 65 g 31 g

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PA/QA (Qualification)

• Performance tests at 15K

• 25 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K

• 5 warm cycling between RT and 80ºC

• 144 hrs. extended bake-out at 80ºC

• Vibration (sine/random) at 77K



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PA/QA (Acceptance)



• Vibration (sine/random) at RT


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Industry: ALCATEL

• Clean room for assembly

• Cryostat (property of OAN) for measurements

• Specialized in production for space (strict QA)

• Experience with HERSCHEL amplifiers

3 4 5 6 7 8 90

5

10

15

20

25

30

NFM Measurements (14 K)V

D1 = 0.85 v , V

D2 = 0.5 v , I

D = 3 mA

YCF AEO01 YCF 6006

Gai

n (d

B)

Freq. (GHz)

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Tn

(K)

YCF AEO01 YCF 6006

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CAY

Industry: TTI

• Bonding machine

• Experience in cryostats

• Complete receiver with S/X cryogenic amplifiers delivered to Finland

• 8.4 K @ 8.4 GHz with Fujitsu devices

(20 h k)

7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

10

20

30

40YTX 001

Tn

(K)

F (GHz)

Noise

Gai

n (d

B)

Gain

05/03/2003 IGN (Madrid) 34


CAY

Summary (1)

• ALMA 4-8 GHz based on the HIFI heritage– Prototype almost ready (correction to power dissipation)

– Isolator available (PAMTECH)

– IRAM (Band 7): 8 units June 2003

– SRON (Band 9): 2 units June 2003

• ALMA 4-12 GHz – Development not started yet

– Prototype Isolator available (PAMTECH)

– 2 Amplifiers needed by December 2003

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Summary (2)

• PROBLEMS TO SOLVE:

– Procurement of InP devices (Help from ESO needed)• TRW, ETH, HRL ?

– Resources for construction:• More personal needed! (2 Technicians + 1 Eng.)

• Increase efficiency of tests (new test station needed in 2003)

• Decision of construction in OAN or subcontractor

• Cost

Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)1...

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