THE LABOR MOVEMENT

Objectives

SWBAT: describe the impact of new technology on industry, transportation, and communication

Do Now – 2/12/13

1. Have your Sec 1 “IR Spreads” HW out

2. Sec 2: Rise of the Cities – due tomorrow!

What form of technology plays the biggest/most important role in your life?

How? (Something that you cannot live without – but might take for granted.)

crash course Why The IR Happened in Britain

New Nations Industrialize

Belgium first to industrialize after Britain

By mid 1800s other nations caught up Germany, France, United States

more supplies of coal, iron & other resources ADVANTAGE: followed Britain’s lead borrowed British experts & technology

American’s Industrialize

First American textile factory Pawtucket, RI Plans smuggled out of Britain Rapidly grew after the Civil War (1861-1865) By 1900 the US was manufacturing 30% of

the world’s industrial goods SURPASSING Britain as the leading

industrial nation

Uneven Development Eastern & southern Europe industrialized much

slower Lacked natural resources & capital to Russia

had the resources but lacked social & political conditions Slowly industrialized – 100 years after Britain Japan

lacked resources had political revolution making industrialization a priority.

Canada, Australia, New Zealand also built thriving industries at this time

Effects of Industrialization

1900s conditions in factories and social conditions began to improve

Ordinary workers could afford goods - $$ Demand for goods created jobs

rapid building of railways, buildings, factories Politics changed had to meet demands of

industrial society Globally industrial nations competed Western nations dominated world more than

ever before

Innovations

Alfred Nobel invented dynamite Used for construction & to his dismay,

warfare Nobel’s huge fortune was willed to fund the

famous Nobel prizes still awarded today

Electric Power Replaces Steam

Late 1800s – electricity replaced steam as the dominant source of industrial power

Italian scientist Alessandro Volta first battery 1800

Michael Faraday

first simple electric motor & first dynamo

Today, all generators and transformers work on the same basic principle

Thomas Edison 1870s first electric light bulb

Edison’s “incandescent lamps” illuminated whole cities

Pace of city life quickened factories could work after dark

By 1890s cables carried electrical power from dynamos to factories

New Methods of Production

Improved efficiency interchangeable parts Simplified assembly and repair of products Assembly line add parts to a product that

moves along a belt from one work station to the next

Took much of the joy out of work divided labor into separate tasks

Transportation Advances Russians Trans-Siberian Railroad Moscow to

Vladivostok on the Pacific

German engineer Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine

1886 Karl Benz patent for first automobile – had 3 wheels

1887 Gotlieb Daimler introduced first four-wheel automobile

American Henry Ford models that reached 25 mph

Early 1900s Ford used assembly lines to mass-produce cars

Making United States a leader in the automobile industry

Exit Ticket

List some pros and cons of the Industrial Revolution

In your opinion, do the pros outweigh the cons? Or is is the other way around? Explain!

Nikolaus Otto invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine

Gotlieb Daimler introduced first four-wheel automobile

Geronimo drives a Locomobile Model C in this 1905 photograph taken on the 101 Ranch near Ponca City, Oklahoma. In full headdress to Geronimo's left is his friend Edward Le Clair Sr., a Ponca Indian.

Automobiles powered by internal combustion engines at the 1900 National Automobile Show were primitive. The most popular automobiles proved to be electric, steam, and gasoline…in that order.

This advertisement for the Winton motor carriage – often identified as the first American automobile advertisement, according to the Henry Ford Museum – appeared in a 1898 issue of Scientific American magazine. Automobiles would help reduce the annual removal of 450,000 tons of horse manure from New York City streets.

Airplanes Take Flight 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright

flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC daredevil pilots flew airplanes across the

English Channel and over the Alps Commercial passenger travel did not begin

until 1920s

Communication Advances American inventor, Samuel F. B. Morse, developed

the Telegraph Send coded messages over wires using electricity First telegraph line Washington D.C. & Baltimore

in 1844 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the

telephone 1890s Italian Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio 1901 Marconi received a radio message using

Morse code sent from Britain to Canada

Rise of Big Business

“Big Business” – an establishment that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods.

Stock sold to finance companies Coporations businesses owned by many

investors Monopolies formed powerful business

leaders controlled entire industries or areas of economy

Monopolies Germany – Alfred Krupp inherited father’s steelmaking

business bought up coal and iron mines as well as ore deposits

John D. Rockefellar Standard Oil Company became an empireDominated American petroleum industry

“Captains of Industry” people praised vision and skill “Robber Barons” destroying competition with

aggressive means – damaged free enterprise system reformers called for laws to prevent monopolies and

regulate large corporations

Review Question: Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but “robber barons” to others?

Exit Ticket

Choose one topic from what we just discussed and write a “problem-and-solution”

For example, you could write about the impact of powerful monopolies. Make a list of details, facts, and examples that define the problems that monopolies pose to a free market.

Do Now – March 2, 2012

Sit in your Workers’ Rally Project groups Form a circle with the desks within your

group

Cause & Effects

Causes:

1. Increased agricultural productivity

2. Growing pop

3. Energy – steam & coal

4. Demand for mass-produced goods

5. Improved technology

6. Natural resources, labor, money

7. Strong, stable governments

Industrial Rev Effects

Immediate Effects:

1. Rise of factories

2. Change in trans & communication

3. Urbanization

4. New methods of production

5. Rise of urban working class

6. Growth of reform movements

Industrial Rev Effects

Long-Term Effects

1. Growth of labor unions

2. Inexpensive new products

3. Increased population

4. Rise of big business

5. Expansion of middle class

6. Expansion of public education

7. Competitive world trade

8. Progress in medical care

Connections to Today

1. Improvements in world health

2. Growth in population

3. Industrialization in developing nations

4. New energy sources – oil & nuclear

5. Environmental pollution

6. Efforts to regulate world trade