Objectives Overview

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering Computers 2012

Chapter 1Basic Introduction to Computers

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Objectives Overview

Explain why computer literacy is vital to success

in today’s world

Define the term, computer, and describe

the relationship between data and

information

Describe the five components of a

computer

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when

working with computers

Define the term, network, and identify

benefits of sharing resources on a network

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World

Wide Web

Discuss the special information

requirements of an enterprise-sized

corporation

Identify information systems and software used in the functional units of an enterprise

Describe and list general purpose and integrated

information systems used throughout an

enterprise

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives

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Objectives Overview

Distinguish between system software and application

software

Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of

computers in each category

Describe the role of each element in an information

system

Explain how home users, small office/home office

users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users

each interact with computers

Discuss how society uses computers in education,

finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1See for Detailed Objectives

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A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1

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What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 720 – 721Figure 14-1

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• Types/example of enterprises include:

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 722

Retail

(Giant)Manufacturing

(Proton)Service

(TM)

Wholesale (ideahouse)

Government (Malaysian)

Educational (UiTM)

Transportation (KTM)

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• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a hierarchical manner


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• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of four categories:

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 724Figure 14-3

Executive Management

Middle Management

Operational Management

Nonmanagement Employees

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• Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization– Business intelligence– Business process management– Business process automation

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 725 - 726

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• Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities


Planning

Organizing

Leading

Controlling

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Information Systems in the Enterprise

• An information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information


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• Functional units/departments within an enterprise might include:


EnterpriseAccounting and Finance

Human Resources

Engineering or Product

Development

Manufacturing

Marketing

Sales

Distribution

Customer Service

Information Technology

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• Accounting software manages everyday transactions• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases

with customer payments• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and

analyze


Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 14


• A human resources information system (HRIS) manages one or more human resources functions

• Employee relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the business

Page 728Figure 14-8

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• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and design

• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs




• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to control production equipment

• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process

Page 729Figure 14-10

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Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production

Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in scheduling


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A quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services

A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department


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• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive


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• Distribution systems perform the following functions:


Provide forecasting for inventory

control

Manage and track shipping of products

Provide information and analysis on inventory in a

warehouse

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• Customer interaction management (CIM) /Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software manages the day-to-day interactions with customers


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• The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise– Whether to build or buy new information systems– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful

life

• Web site management programs collect data designed to help organizations make informed decisions regarding their Web presence


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• General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories


Office Information System

Transaction Processing System

Management Information System

Decision Support System Expert System

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• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing




Management Information System Decision Support System

Pages 734 – 735Figures 14-15 – 14-16

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Integrated Information SystemsCustomer relationship management manages

information about customers,

interactions with customers, past purchases, and

interests

Enterprise resource planning provides

centralized, integrated software to help

manage and coordinate ongoing

activities

Content management systems are

information systems that combine

databases, software, and procedures


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What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 30Page 6

Collects data (input) Processing

Produces information

(output)

Information Processing Cycle

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What Is a Computer?

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 6 Figure 1-2

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The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware


•Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Input Device

•Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

Output Device

•Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

System Unit

•Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

Storage Device

•Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Communications Device

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The Components of a Computer


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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Advantages of Using Computers

Disadvantages of Using Computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Speed

Reliability

Consistency

Storage

Communications

Health Risks

Violation of Privacy

Public Safety

Impact on Labor Force

Impact on Environment

Pages 9 - 10

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

• Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

• Strategies include:– Recycling– Regulating manufacturing processes– Extending the life of computers– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers



Networks and the Internet

• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

Pages 10 - 11 Figure 1-6

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• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals


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• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:


Communicate Research and Access Information Shop

Bank and Invest Online Trading Entertainment

Download Videos Share Information Web Application

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• A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users


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Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 15 - 16Figures 1-10 - 1-11

System Software•Operating system•Utility program

Application Software

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Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware



Computer Software

• A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information

Page 18 Figure 1-13

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Categories of Computers


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Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple– Desktop computer

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16

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Mobile Computers and Mobile DevicesPersonal computer you can carry from place to place

Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs

Mobile Computer

Computing device small enough to hold in your hand

Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras

Mobile Device


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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 20 - 22 Figures 1-17 – 1-20

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 22 - 23Figures 1-21 – 1-23


Game Consoles

• A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

Page 24 Figure 1-24


Servers

• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network– Provides a centralized

storage area for programs, data, and information

Page 25 Figure 1-25


Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

Page 25 Figure 1-26

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Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing

more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second


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Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product


Consumer Electronics

•Mobile and digital telephones•Digital televisions•Cameras•Video recorders•DVD players and recorders•Answering machines

Home Automation Devices

•Thermostats•Sprinkling systems•Security monitoring systems•Appliances•Lights

Automobiles

•Antilock brakes•Engine control modules•Airbag controller•Cruise control

Process Controllers and Robotics

•Remote monitoring systems•Power monitors•Machine controllers•Medical devices

Computer Devices and Office Machines

•Keyboards•Printers•Faxes•Copiers

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Embedded Computers


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Elements of an Information System

Hardware Software

Data PeopleDiscovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 27

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Elements of an Information System


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Examples of Computer Usage

Home User• Personal financial

management• Web access• Communications• Entertainment

Small Office/Home Office User• Look up

information• Send and receive

e-mail messages• Make telephone

calls

Mobile User• Connect to other

computers on a network or the Internet

• Transfer information• Play video games• Listen to music• Watch movies

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 28 – 31Figures 1-30 – 1-32

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Examples of Computer Usage

Power User• Work with

multimedia• Use industry-

specific software

Enterprise User• Communicate

among employees

• Process high volumes of transactions

• Blog

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 31 – 32Figures 1-33 – 1-34

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Computer Applications in Society

EducationFinanceGovernmentHealth Care

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 34 - 36 Figures 1-36 – 1-39

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Computer Applications in Society

SciencePublishingTravelManufacturing

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 36 - 38Figures 1-40 – 1-43

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Video: Computer History in a Barn

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

CLICK TO START

61

Summary


Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized

organization

Various types of users within an

organization

Large information systems

62Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Summary

Basic computer concepts

Components of a computer

Networks, the Internet, and computer software

Many different categories of

computers, computer users, and computer

applications in society

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering Computers 2012

Chapter 1Basic Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Complete

Objectives Overview

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