Objectives in studying the medical terms

• Analyze words by dividing them into component parts

the medical term can be broken down into basic Parts in order to be understood. • Relate the medical terms to the structure and

function of the human body. the medical term should be explained in the

context of how the body works in health and disease• Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems ilium: part of the pelvis ileum: part of small intestine

Word Analysis

prefix root

suffix Combining vowel

Prefixes

meaning terminology meaning prefix

A decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality

of the hemoglobin .anemia no, not,

withouta- , an -

The examination of a dead body determine the cause of death and nature of disease.

autopsy self auto-

State of complete knowledgediagnosis

through, complete dia-

Specialist of the study of the glands that secrete within endocrinologist within endo-

Prefixes

meaning terminology meaning prefix

pertaining to above the stomach

The outermost layer of the skin

epigastric

epidermisabove, upon epi-

The process of cutting out (removal)

exicision out ex-

Glands secreting the chemicals to the outside of the body through tubes

exocrine glands out exo-

Condition of excessive amount of sugar in blood hyperglycemia

excessive, above, more than normal

hyper-

Prefixesmeaning terminology meaning prefix

Pertaining to below the stomach

Condition of deficiency of sugar in blood

hypogastric

hypoglycemia

Deficient, below, less than normal

Hypo-

Process of cutting in incision into, in in-

membrane or structure surrounding the heart

pericardium Surrounding, around

Peri-

State before knowledge (prediction of the case)

prognosis before Pro-

Prefixesmeaning terminology meaning prefix

process of cutting back (removal).

An operation in which an organ is “cut back” or removed

resection back, backward, again

re-

pertaining to behind the heart. retrocardiac behind retro-

pertaining to below the liver. subhepatic below, under Sub-

pertaining to across the liver transhepatic across, through trans-

Combining Formsmeaning terminology meaning Combining form

Tumor of a gland

Inflammation of a gland

adenoma

adenitisgland aden/o

Inflammation of a joint arthritis joint arthr/o

Study of life

Viewing of a living tissue (using a microscope)

biology

biopsy

life bi/o

Cancerous tumorIt grows from epithelial(surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body

carcinoma Cancerous, cancer

Carcin/o

Combining formsmeaning terminology Meaning Combining form

Study of the heart cardiology heart Cardi/o

Pertaining to the head cephalic head Cephal/o

Pertaining to the brainA cerebrovascular accident (CVA)(a stroke) occurs when damage to blood vessels in the cerebrum causes injury to nerve cells of the brain.

cerebral Cerebrum(largest

part of the brain)

Cerebr/o

The process of cutting into the body.

The process of cutting out of the body

incision

excisionto cut Cis/o

Combining formsMeaning terminology meaning Combining form

Glands that secrete withine.g. thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glandsSecrete hormones directly within into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete chemicals (saliva, sweat, tears) through

tubes(ducts) to the outside of the body .

Endocrine glands Secrete(to form and give off)

crin/o

A process of visual examination of the urinary bladder

cystoscopyUrinary bladder: a sac or a cyst(sac containing fluid)

cyst/o

Inflammation of the skin

Pertaining to below the skin

dermatitis

hypodermic

skin Derm/oDermat/o

Record of the electricity of the heart

ElectrocardiogramECG EKG

elecricity Electr/o

Combining formsmeaning terminology meaning Combining form

Record of the electricity of the brain

electroencephalogram EEG

brain encephal/o

Inflammation of the intestinesThe small intestine is narrower and longer than the large one(colon)

enteritis Intestines(usually the

small one)

enter/o

Red blood cellErythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood

erythrocytered erythr/o

Removal of the stomach

Cutting into the stomach

gastrectomy

gastrotomystomach gastr/o

Combining formsmeaning terminology meaning Combining forms

State of the complete knowledgeIt is made after sufficient information has been

obtained about the patient’s condition

State of prior knowledge of the illnessIt is a prediction about the outcome of an illness, it is always given after diagnosis has been determine

Diagnosis

Prognosis

knowledge gnos/o

Study of female medical conditiongynecology woman,

femalegynec/o

Study of blood

Mass of bloodIt occurs when blood is lost from blood vessels and collects as clotted blood in a cavity or organ under the skin.

hematology

hematomablood

hemat/o

hem/o

Inflammation of the liver hepatitis liver hepat/o

Combining formsmeaning terminology meaning Combining forms

Pertaining to cure/ treatmentThese conditions are unexpected side effects that result from treatment by a physician

iatrogenic treatment iatr/o

White blood cellIt helps the body fight disease leukocyte White Leuk/o

Inflammation of the kidney

Study of the kidney

Nephritis

Nephrologykidney Nephr/o

Study of the nerve neurology nerve Neur/o

Combining formsmeaning terminology meaning Combining forms

Study of tumor

A tumor specialist

oncology

oncologisttumor onc/o

An instrument for visual examination of the eye

ophthalmoscope eye Ophthalm/o

Inflammation of the bone

Inflammation of the bones and the jointsIt is a condition of degeneration of bones and joints that occurs as the body ages. It is often accompanied by inflammation

osteitis

osteoartheritis bone Oste/o

Study of diseases

Specialist in diseasesHe examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines a dead body to determine the cause of death

pathology

pathologistdisease Path/o