Objectives• describe the main function of the endocrine system• explain the jobs done by different hormones• identify the endocrine glands and hormones

responsible for the changes that occur during puberty

• state physical, mental/emotional and social changes an adolescent experiences

Endocrine System

Some of the endocrine system glands/organs are also part of the reproductive systems. These organs produce hormones that cause changes during adolescence.

Endocrine System • A chemical communication system that controls

many body functions– The glands that produce the hormones to regulate the

body’s activities

• “Controller” in your body• Works closely with the nervous system to

regulate body functions• Uses chemicals to send its messages and

regulate some of the body’s actions• Consist of several glands located throughout

your body

textbook pages

433-436

Gland: a group of cells or an organ in your body that secrets a substance ….. hormones

Hormones: chemical substances that are produced in the endocrine glands and are secreted into your blood stream to regulate various body functions

• travels through bloodstream – circulatory system

• some are produced continually others are produced only at certain times

• scientist identified over 30 different ones in the human body

Selected Glands and the Hormones They ProduceGland Hormone & Function

AdrenalsCorticosteroids, adrenaline

Regulates salt and water balance, metabolism, the immune system, and the body’s response to stress.

ParathyroidsParathyroid

Regulates the level of calcium in the blood.

Pineal bodyMelatonin

Regulates the wake-sleep cycle.

Pituitary

Growth, thyrotropin, corticotropin

Stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues.

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

ThyroidThyroxine

Regulates the rate at which cells burn fuel from food to produce energy.

Page 433

Diabetes is a disease in which the body cannot properly convert food into energy

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body cannot use the insulin it produces properly.

Pancreas Insulin regulates the level of sugar in the body

Concept Mapping

Activity 16-7

• Ovaries produce estrogen - controls the development of the secondary sex characteristic during

adolescenceovaries are the female reproductive glands that stores the female reproductive

cell ….. the egg

males also have estrogen … increase levels in the females causes female changes

progesterone is another female hormone … increase levels during pregnancy

• Testes produce testosterone controls the development of the secondary sex characteristics during

adolescencetestes are the male reproductive glands where the male reproductive cell is produced … the sperm

• both male and female sex hormones are present in both genders.• There are higher levels of testosterone in males are responsible for the changes

that occur in males and the higher levels of estrogen in the females are responsible for the changes that occur in females

Endocrine System & Reproductive System Glands/Organs And The Hormones They Produce

That Cause Changes During Adolescence

MEET MARTHA

AND GEORGE

These changes occur during?

The chemicals released in the body that causes these changes to occur?

Who usually begins to experience these changes first boys or girls?

True or False:

Everyone goes through puberty at the same exact age.

The physical changes on this page are just part of the changes a person

experiences during puberty?

What are some other physical changes that occur during puberty?

More physical changes during puberty• Growth spurtGrowth spurt• Permanent teeth all inPermanent teeth all in• Hairline recession Hairline recession

beginsbegins• Acne appearsAcne appears• Muscle developMuscle develop• Perspiration increasesPerspiration increases• External genitals enlargeExternal genitals enlarge• Waistline narrowWaistline narrow• Hips widenHips widen• Long bone growth stopsLong bone growth stops

What other ways does an adolescent changeduring puberty?… other than physical changes

• Social changes• Mental & emotional changes

Social growth during adolescence

• Friend become very important – establish independence from Friend become very important – establish independence from parentsparents

• Meeting many new people and forming new relationships – Meeting many new people and forming new relationships – more mature relationships with people of both gendersmore mature relationships with people of both genders

• Becoming more aware of other people’s needsBecoming more aware of other people’s needs• Learn more about yourself – consider what is important in Learn more about yourself – consider what is important in

you in lifeyou in life• Accept your body and characteristicsAccept your body and characteristics• Approach life like an adult, using your intelligences Approach life like an adult, using your intelligences and reason to solve problemsand reason to solve problems

How does good communication skills help you socially? Examples?

Mental & emotional growth during adolescence

• Thinking skills develop: can solve more complex Thinking skills develop: can solve more complex problemsproblems

• understand other’s point of viewunderstand other’s point of view• understand that you often have a choice – weigh understand that you often have a choice – weigh

consequences before actingconsequences before acting

Emotions and feelings also changeEmotions and feelings also change

• Moods swingsMoods swings• Feelings towards others - … others are no longer just Feelings towards others - … others are no longer just

givers like when you were a child, you see people as givers like when you were a child, you see people as having needs just you do – you can listen when a having needs just you do – you can listen when a friend has a problemfriend has a problem

• Increase interest in the opposite gender Increase interest in the opposite gender