O B J E C T I V E S :• D E F I N E H O U S I N G A N D B R I E F LY D E S C R I B E H O W I T

H A S E V O LV E D• A N A LY Z E T H E B A S I C P H Y S I C A L A N D

P S Y C H O L O G I C A L N E E D S T H AT H O U S I N G S AT I S F I E S• C O M PA R E A N D C O N T R A S T H O U S I N G N E E D S A M O N G

P E O P L E O F D I F F E R E N T A G E S A N D L I F E S TA G E S• A S S E S S T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F B U I L D I N G H O M E S

T H AT F O L L O W T H E C O N C E P T O F U N I V E R S A L D E S I G N

The Universal Need for Housing

The Development of Housing

Basic role of housing is to provide protection and a safe environment in which to live

Housing is defined as any structure built for people to live in

Natural Shelters Before tools: dug pits to stay out

of wind, caves, trees Primitive tools allowed for

improvement of shelters

Portable Shelters

Primitive people had to hunt, fish and gather food to survive

Moved a lot, created shelter that could be taken apart and moved Today, Nomads in parts of Africa still have portable

huts

Permanent Shelters

Development of farming and domesticating animals, no need to move

Built close to resources: good soil, water supply and building materials

Artic, use ice blocksBamboo/reeds New Guinea, Tigris and Euphrates

riversLimited resources resulted in mud brick houses

Development of farming and domesticating animals, no need to move

Built close to resources: good soil, water supply and building materials

Artic, use ice blocksBamboo/reeds New Guinea, Tigris and Euphrates

riversLimited resources resulted in mud brick houses

As agriculture improved needed places to store surplus

Granary, (a new type of shelter) established idea of building shelters for possessions

Distinctions Within Communities

Early as 3500 B.C. (Sumerians)Center of city larger homes made of wood

for wealthySingle story homes for middle classOutskirts of town farmers, crude mud brick

homesGreeks, Romans, and Chinese all developed

similar communities

As the rich gained more possessions, interest grew in protecting wealth Built with more sturdy materials Medieval times Castles of stone with moats

surrounding

Comfortable SheltersMedieval Time Castles were not for comfort

Stone, drafty, narrow windows for light

Renaissance period (Italy 1300’s)

Increase interest in comfortBrighter, more sanitary, better ventilation

19th century

Homes were used more for entertaining and relaxation

Wealthy and Middle Class expectations grew for their homes

Guests would stay for months at a time

Housing to Fit Human Needs

Physical Needs – all things the body needs to survive: air, sunlight, shelter, sleep and foodShelter

Elements of nature determines how we build

Sleep Provides a safe and comfortable

place to sleep North America specific rooms for

sleeping Other parts of the world this is not

the case (Japan, sleep on mats)

Food Place for food preparation and

eating Not always a separate kitchen

Safety and Security Towns/villages formed to help

protect each other Today increase security we add

locks, alarm system, neighborhood watch

Psychological Needs are needs related to thoughts and emotions

This makes a house a homeLove, belonging, fun, comfort, relaxation,

trust, privacy (time alone)Today people in neighborhoods interact less

than in the past Creating planned communities to enhance the sense

of neighborhood Big front porches/stoops

Identity in a House

Personalize your home Likes/Dislikes, Larger homes with more wealth/achievement

Represents your values, beliefs, tastes and attitudesLifestyle is a way of living your life.CreativityBuilding a homePaint colorRearrange furnitureArt/refrigerator artSpace for hobbies

Housing and Individual Needs through the Life Span

Childhood/SingleBeginning stageParenting stageLaunching StageAging stage/Middle

ageRetirement Stage

Special Housing Needs

Senior housing choices Retirement housing to nursing homes In home assisted care Served meals, socialize, and provide transportation

Special Housing Needs

Disabilities Technology has greatly improved Hearing impaired Visually impaired Wheel chairs Mental Disabilities

Universal Design

Most homes in the past were designed for the “Average Person”Universal design involves

designing interiors and products to accommodate all people with a variety of requirements, need and abilities. Different sizes, ages, and

abilities

Universal Design

Barrier-free design spaces are built without structures that would prevent access by people with special needs.

Adaptable design features are temporary and can be changed easily.

Exterior Design

Interior Design

Kitchen Design

Bathroom Design