Objectives
description
Transcript of Objectives
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ObjectivesObjectives
2-11.1.- Identify materials and construction features of doors
2-11.2.- Identify materials and construction features of windows
2-11.3.- Identify materials and construction features of roofs
2-11.4.- Identify materials and construction features of vertical barriers
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ObjectivesObjectives
2-11.5.- Identify and safely carry at least one of the following :– Cutting tool– Prying tool– Pulling tool– Striking tool
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ObjectivesObjectives
2-11.6.- Identify the procedures to use in forcing/opening the following– 2-11.6.1.- Doors– 2-11.6.2.- Windows– 2-11.6.3.- Ceilings– 2-11.6.4.- Roofs– 2-11.6.5.- Floors– 2-11.6.6.- Vertical barriers
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ObjectivesObjectives
2-11.7.- Identify the materials door/window locking devices are constructed of
2-11.8.- Identify the construction features of door/window locking devices
2-11.9.- Identify the procedures of through-the-lock- entry for doors and windows
2-11.10.- Identify the methods and procedures for cleaning/marinating/inspecting hand tools used in entry
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ReferencesReferences
IFSTA Essentials of Fire Fighting, 3rd edition,
pages 173-203 pages 218-228
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Situations Requiring Forcible Situations Requiring Forcible EntryEntry
Areas that are:– Locked– Blocked– Not provided or non-existent
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Fire Service Functions Fire Service Functions Associated with Forcible EntryAssociated with Forcible EntryRescueVentilationAccess to victims, downed firefighters or
fire areaLocked or blocked egressesFire AttackOverhaul/SalvageEscape
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Cautions and ProceduresCautions and ProceduresTRY BEFORE YOU PRYStand to the side when breaking glassBeware of falling glassBlock doors and windows openBlock overhead doors in up positionWatch for electrical wires and pipesWatch for flying chips and sharp edgesWear full protective clothing
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2-11.1.2-11.1.OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
Doors
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DefinitionsDefinitions
Jamb- a side post or side of a doorway or window
Rabbet- a recess or groove in or near the edge of one piece of wood or other material that will receive the edge of another piece
Stile- A vertical side piece in a doorway or window sash
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Types of DoorsTypes of Doors
Swinging doors– Single– Double
Revolving doors– Panic-proof– Drop arm– Metal-braced
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DoorsDoors
Sliding doorsOverhead doors
– Sectional/folding– Rolling steel– Slab
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DoorsDoors
Fire doors– Horizontal – Vertical– Single– Double– Overhead
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Materials Used for DoorsMaterials Used for Doors
WoodMetal
– Aluminum– Steel
Glass- TemperedFiberglass
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Construction FeaturesConstruction Featuresof Doorsof Doors
Wooden Swinging DoorsPanelSlab
– Hollow Core– Solid Core
Ledge/Batten
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Metal Swinging DoorsMetal Swinging Doors
Hollow metalMetal CoveredTubularGenerally not forced if in a metal jamb due
to time factor
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Fire DoorsFire Doors
Class A openingsClass B openingsSelf-closingAutomatic closing
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JambsJambs
RabbetedStopped
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WindowsWindowsOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.2.
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Types of WindowsTypes of Windows
Checkrail/Double-hungCasement/HingedProjected/FactoryAwning & JalousieLexan PlasticScreened or Barred
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Materials Used for WindowsMaterials Used for Windows
WoodMetalScreensBarsWire MeshIron Grating
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Construction FeaturesConstruction Features
Checkrail– Two sashes– Checkrail (center)
Casement– Hinged on side– Swing outward– Operating mechanism
Crank lever
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Construction FeaturesConstruction Features
Projected– Out– In– Pivoted
Center Top Bottom
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Construction FeaturesConstruction Features
Awning– 1 foot glass– Metal/wood frame
Jalousie– 4 inch glass– No frame
Lexan– Self-extinguishing– Glass substitute
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Construction FeaturesConstruction Features
Screened or Bars– Wire meshed guards
Hinged top or side Fitted into brackets
– Heavy metal bars
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2-11.3.2-11.3. RoofsRoofsOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
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Types of RoofsTypes of Roofs
FlatPitchedArched
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Materials Used for RoofsMaterials Used for Roofs
Coverings– Wood shingles– Composition roofing pepper– Tile– Slate– Synthetic membrane– Tar & gravel
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Construction MaterialsConstruction Materials
WoodMetalPrecast GypsumPoured Reinforced concreteLightweight concrete
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FeaturesFeaturesFlat
– Joists covering Sheathing Poured concrete Lightweight concrete Precast gypsum Precast concrete slab
– Coverings altered Chimneys Vent pipes
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FeaturesFeatures Shafts Scuttles Skylights
Pitched– Timber rafters– Metal trusses– Sheathing boards– Gypsum slabs– Wood trusses
Arched– Bow-string truss– Truss less arch
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2-11.4.2-11.4.OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
Vertical Barriers
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Materials of WallsMaterials of Walls
Masonry & VeneeredMetal & Prefabed metalWood frame
– Exterior siding Clapboard Board & batten Asbestos shingles Stucco Vinyl Metal
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Materials of WallsMaterials of Walls
Partition– Hollow clay tile– Covered wood– Covered metal– Solid block construction
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Construction FeaturesConstruction Features
Metal walls– Sheets– Sections– Panel– Wood or metal studs
Wood frame– Studs– Masonry & veneered walls
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2-11.5. 2-11.5. ToolsTools
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
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Different Types & ClassesDifferent Types & Classes
Cutting– Metal cutting– Handsaws– Power saws– Hydraulic
Prying– Hydraulic
Striking Pushing/Pulling
Forcing locks Padlocks
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ToolsTools
Gas powerHydraulic powerManualAir compressorOxyacetylene
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Cutting ToolsCutting Tools
Manual– Axe
Flat head Pick head
– Handsaw Carpenter Hacksaw Coping Keyhole
Bolt cutters Wire cutter
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Cutting ToolsCutting Tools
Power– Saws
Circular Reciprocating Chain
Oxyacetylene Torch
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Prying ToolsPrying Tools
Hand prying– Pry-axe– Halligan– Crowbar– Claw tool– Pry bar– Kelly tool– Spanner– Quic-bar
Power prying– Hydraulic spreaders– Rabbet tool
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Pushing/Pulling ToolsPushing/Pulling Tools
Manual– Pike poles– Plaster hooks
Power– Hydraulic rams
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Striking ToolsStriking Tools Axes Battering rams Ram bars Punchers Hammers Picks Sledgehammer Chisels Center punches Mauls
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Carrying ToolsCarrying Tools
Close to bodyPoints protected
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Tools Cautions & ProceduresTools Cautions & Procedures
TRY BEFORE YOU PRYCarry tool safely (no running on scene)Use tools safelyRight tool for the jobKeep tools cleanMaintain and store properlyWear eye/hearing protectionDO NOT remove power tool safety guards
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Saw Blade MaintenanceSaw Blade Maintenance
Keep cleanKeep sharpenedKeep them lightly oiledDo not interchange different manufactures
bladesStore in clean, dry placeDO NOT store where gasoline fumes
accumulate (destroys carbon & composite blades)
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.6.1.
Doors
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Opening DoorsOpening Doors
TRY BEFORE PRYIf door is locked
– examine construction– determine method of operation– examine lock– Force? Find other methods of entry?– Use easiest, quickest, and least damaging
method.
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresDoors
– TRY BEFORE YOU PRY
Swinging toward Firefighter– insert blade of tool between door jamb and lock– force blade in against the rabbet or stop by working and
pushing tool– pry tool away from the door to move the door and the
jamb apart– pull door open or pry open with another tool when the
lock has cleared its keeper
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Swinging away from Firefighter– break glass– stand to the windward side of the glass pane to
be broken– strike tool at the top of the pane, keeping hands
above the point of impact– remove ALL glass including jagged pieces
from the sash with axe or other appropriate tool
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresBreak lockStopped jamb
– bump the cutting edge of tool against stop to break paint or varnish so blade can be inserted
– loosen stop at the lock or remove stop completely– start blade between door and jamb– make initial pry only after the blade is halfway in, this is
to permit the blade to be worked and pushed
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
– With full bite behind door pry door away from jamb until bolt passes keeper
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Rabbeted Jamb– lay blade of tool flat against door, insert blade
between rabbet and door– make short pries with first tool to spread jamb– work blade of second tool between door and
jamb, hammering blade well into opening– with full bite behind door, pry door away from
jamb until bolt passes keeper
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Inward w/ Rabbit Tool– Insert rabbit tool jaws next to lock between stop and
door– Place one foot on leg of pump while holding jaws in
place with hand– Grasp pump handle with free hand– Pump portable hydraulic pump while maintaining a
grip on back of jaws to prevent slipping out of position, as the tool spreads be cautious as door will “spring” open suddenly
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresDouble Swinging Door
– pry apart– remove bar– cut door panel– break glass
Revolving Door– Collapse doors
Panic proof Push/press door wings in opposite direction
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
– Drop arm locate pawl press pawl to disengage it from arm push wing to one side
– Metal-braced locate arms that look like gate hook with an eye force a side door
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Sliding Doors– Break glass
Overhead Doors– pry upward at bottom– knock out panel and turn latch– cut opening in door and remove lock- “V” Cut– Knock out panel and pull motor release chain– Rolling steel doors are best opened by cutting it open
with power saw
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
WINDOWS
2-11.6.2.
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Windows– Checkrail windows w/ lock in the center
Forcing the window– TRY BEFORE YOU PRY
– Place prying tool in center of window
– apply downward pressure until lock is pulled from checkrail
Break glass
Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Casement Windows– Break lowest pane of glass, clean out jagged
edges– Force or cut screen in same area– Reach in and upward to unlock– Operate crank or levers at bottom– Remove screen completely and enter
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Projected windows– Break pane of glass nearest locking mechanism,
clean out sharp and jagged edges– Reach in unlock latch– Pivot window outward
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Awning and Jalousie Windows– Stand to windward side of glass pane to be
broken– Strike tool at the top of panel, keeping hands
above point of impact – Repeat steps until a large enough opening has
been made– Remove jagged pieces from the frames with a
tool
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Lexan Glass– Cut with power saw
Barred or Screened Windows– Barred
Strike bars with sledgehammer about 10” above the sill
Strike the sill with a sledge hammer opposite the end of the bar
Use hammer-head pick to crack masonry
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
– Gratings or Wire Mesh Force with pick head axe Cut with Plasma Torch or saw
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.6.3.
CEILINGS
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Ceilings– Position yourself between area to be opened
and an escape route– Break plaster in the area to be pulled– Use a pike pole to hook and pull lath & plaster,
wire mesh, gypsum board, ceiling tiles– Pull down and away
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CEILINGSCEILINGS
Be advised, just as with our current fire stations, just because there is a drop ceiling or any other type, this does not mean that there is no other ceiling concealed beyond what you can see!
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
ROOFS
2-116.4.
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Roofs– Remove covers from existing structures on roof
Skylights Scuttle hatches Monitors Ventilation shafts Stairway openings
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ROOFSROOFS
In some cases electrical wiring, gas lines, and other utilities may be located directly under rafters, you must use CAUTION!
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresFlat Roofs
– Determine where opening needs to be– Locate roof supports by sounding with axe– Mark location for opening by scoring a line on
the roof surface with pick head of axe– Remove built up roof material by using pick
head or halligan bar and move material out of the way
– Never throw shingles off of the roof, there are people working below you
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
– Cut wood decking diagonally alongside joist toward hole
– Pry up roof boards
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Pitched Roofs– Locate where opening needs to made– Place roof ladder on roof s you are upwind
from hole– Locate roof supports by sounding with axe– Mark location by scoring a line with tool– Rip off shingles or roofing felt sufficiently to
permit initial cut to be made
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
– Cut sheathing alongside rafter the distance required for hole
– Cut opposite side of opening– Remove sheathing boards with a tool
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.6.5.
FLOORS
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Floors– Wood
Determine location for hole Sound floor joists and find exact location Cut one side of finished floor by using angle cuts Cut other side of finished floor Remove flooring or floor covering with a tool Cut all sides of sub flooring using same angle cuts Remove boards from subfloor
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FLOORSFLOORS
Joist usually run 16” on center. This means that it is 16” from the center of the board, to the center of the board
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Concrete Floors– Cut with jackhammer– Saws with masonry blades– Penetrating nozzles– Usually not done due to obvious labor and time
involved
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.6.6.
VERTICAL BARRIERS
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Walls (vertical barriers)– Masonry/Veneered
Use power tools Use battering ram to clear material
– Metal Select location for hole Position saw next to studs Make opening as neat as possible
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
– Wood Frame Remove siding Sound wall for studs Cut along stud Remove siding Be cautious for electrical wiring and pipes
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Partition Walls– Select location of opening– Look for blistered paint or bubbling wallpaper– Check for electrical wall plugs and switches– Select appropriate tool(s)– Locate the studs by sounding– Cut along studs with a tool
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Special Forcible Entry Special Forcible Entry ProceduresProcedures
Basements/Sub-BasementsVault and Vault Type DoorsFences and Property BarriersPadlocks
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Vault type doors, Basements, Sub-basements– Cautious for electrical vaults, oxygen deficient
atmosphere, explosive atmospheres
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Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures
Fences/Roll Down Shutters/Gates– Use torch or saws
Padlocks– Use torch, saw, or bolt cutters
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.7.
Identify the Materials Used for Construction of Locking Devices
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Construction Materials of Construction Materials of Locking DevicesLocking Devices
Door locks/Bars– Metal– Wood
Windows– Metal – Plastic
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
Construction Features of Locking Devices
2-11.8.
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Construction Features of Construction Features of Locking DevicesLocking Devices
Door Locks– Keeper is mortised into jamb– Bolt or bar protrudes from door
Window Locks– Latch on wood– Latch on metal frame
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
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THROUGH THE LOCKTHROUGH THE LOCK
A-TOOL– Force the jaws of A-Tool around and behind
protruding rim of cylinder– Gouge out wood around cylinder for a better bite– Use curved head and long handle to pull cylinder– Insert either straight or bent end of key tool into
hub of luck and turn
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THROUGH THE LOCKTHROUGH THE LOCK
– if for any reason this fails and it is a rim lock, insert straight end of A-Tool through hole and drive lock off the door with an axe
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THROUGH THE LOCKTHROUGH THE LOCK
K-TOOL– Force K-Tool behind cylinder ring and face of
cylinder until wedging blades take a bite into cylinder(Light blows w/ a tool might help)
– Insert hooligan tool in metal loop on front– Apply downward pressure until lock is pulled
out– Use key tool to trip locking mechanism
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THROUGH THE LOCKTHROUGH THE LOCK
Windows– Pry out screws– Break glass
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
2-11.10.
CARE and MAINTAINANCE of TOOLS
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CareCare
CleanInspectMaintain
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CleaningCleaning
Remove construction materialsDry
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InspectInspect
Check wooden components– cracks– rot– splinters
Check metal components– cracks– rust– chips
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InspectInspect
Belts for cutsCheck for obvious damageCheck cutting surfaces for sharpness
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MaintenanceMaintenanceWood surfaces should be coated with boiled
linseed oil to prevent drying outFiberglass should be patchedMetal surfaces should be lightly oiledPower tools should be serviced regularlyAxe heads should be checked for
– body thickness– sharpness of blades
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MaintenanceMaintenanceWood handles
– Heads on tight– Do not paint
Cutting edges– No nicks– File edges, but not to a razor sharp state
Metal surfaces– No rust– Oil it– NO paint
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MaintenanceMaintenance
– Keep free of burrs
Power equipment– service regularly– check cords if electric– follow manufactures recommendations for
upkeep