Cold War ContainmentObjective 2: Explain & analyze the methods used by the United States to contain the spread of communism

Review Causes:

1. Conflicting Ideologies 2. Growing Mistrust3. Allies to enemies

Stalin instilled communists governments throughout Eastern Europe• Europe divided by Iron Curtain

Satellite nations: countries dominated by the Soviet Union

Establishing a Policy of Containment

“Stop babying the Soviets” ~President Truman

Feb 1946 George Kennan proposed a policy of containment: • taking measures to prevent any extension of

communist rule to other countries

A bedrock principle of U.S. foreign policy

from mid 1940s to early 1990s

Containment Step 1: Truman Doctrine

Truman Doctrine: U.S. policy of providing economic & military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents

Focus Area: Greece & Turkey 1947-1950: U.S. sent $400 million in aid Outcome: Greatly reduced danger of communist

threat in Greece & Turkey

“The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when

the hope of a people for a better life has died” ~President Truman

Containment Step 1: Truman Doctrine

Effects – U.S.: 1. U.S. officially adopted policy of containment2. Americans assumed Soviets wanted to take over

the world3. U.S. believe it had to fight this effort, with aid as

needed and with force if necessary4. U.S. creates National Security Council(NSC) &

Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) Effects – Soviet Union:

1. Saw U.S. & allies as hostile powers committed to destroying communism & threaten Soviet security

2. Efforts to restrict nuclear weapons as a way to maintain U.S. monopoly on atomic energy

ContainmentStep 2: The Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan: Program in 1947 to make Europe rich, strong, & prosperous enough to resist Communism, by providing financial help.• Reinforced Truman Doctrine

Focus area: 16 countries in Western Europe• Satellite nations forbidden from receiving aid

1948-1952: U.S. sent $13 billion in aid to W. Europe

Results: By 1952 W. Europe was flourishing and the Communist party had lost much of its appeal to voters

ContainmentStep 2: The Marshall

Plan

Soviet Reaction:• Stalin saw Marshall Plan as an

attempt to interfere in Soviet internal affairs

• Soviets create Molotov Plan: provide money to aid Eastern Europe

• Created COMECON – to link Soviet economy with E. European economies

Containment leads to Tension 1948: France, G.B. & U.S. decide to unify

their zones in Germany• Federal Republic of Germany

Move angered Stalin• Closed off access to Berlin

Allies no longer have access tocapital No fuel/supplies in to Berlin Force Allies to give up Berlin

or plans for German state

Berlin Blockade = U.S. to the Rescue

The USA determined to support West Berlin as it represented the democratic system.

Avoid war = President Truman ordered an airlift of food & other supplies into West Berlin.

Berlin Airlift

Alliances FormNATO

(NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION) WARSAW PACT

Formed in 1949 12 members

• Noncommunist governments

Pledged military support in case of attack

1st time in history U.S. entered into a military alliance

Effects: U.S. no longer used isolationism

Formed in 1955 8 Communist countries

join in a military defense

Justifying ContainmentYOUR TASK: YOUR OPTIONS

Show how containment was both moral and needed during the Cold War Era

Must include at least 1 policy of containment to showcase its awesomeness!

Must include catchy slogan & definition of communism

Must include 3 reasons for why containment justified

Advertisement Poster • Color and drawings (1-2)

Political Cartoon (1-2) Advertisement Skit

• Roles (1-4)

It’s for the Soviets…