Obiblio Fr 1773 Hightech Energy1

THE U.S. HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY ANDELECTRICITY DEMANDAeA (American Electronics Association)Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)High-Tech Energy Working Group

High-Tech Energy Working Group

OUR OBJECTIVES

Clarify the role of high tech in U.S. electricity demand picture

Highlight potential of our products as part of energy solution

Understand Administration perspective, scope of pending report

Explore next steps


OVERVIEW

U.S. high-tech industry drives job creation and economic growth

Electricity used in high-tech manufacturing

High-tech companies committed to energy conservation

Electricity used by high-tech products The Internet potential

Backup data


THE U.S. HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY DRIVES JOB CREATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTHHigh-tech employment -- comprising producers of technology products and services -- totaled 5.3 million in 2000 (4.8% of the total U.S. private sector workforce). Source: AeA Cyberstates 2001

High tech contributed 50 percent of the acceleration in U.S. productivity growth in the second half of the 1990s. Source: DOC, Digital Economy 2000

Falling prices of high-tech goods and services have reduced overall U.S. inflation by an average of 0.5 percentage points a year (from 1994 to 1998). Source: DOC, Digital Economy 2000

High Tech = information technology manufacturing, software and computer-related services, and communication services


THE U.S. HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY DRIVES JOB CREATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- EFFICIENTLY

High-tech employment represents 10.6 percent of the U.S. manufacturing workforce in 2000. Source: AeA Cyberstates 2001

High tech accounted for only 4.7 percent of all electricity purchased by U.S. manufacturing industries in 1999. Source: AeA; Annual Survey of Manufacturers.

High tech helps create a highly efficient economy: Information technology improves communications between suppliers and customers, facilitating U.S. manufacturers efforts to sell products and reduce inventory. Source: DOC, Digital Economy 2000


Source: AeA; Annual Survey of Manufacturers Total manufacturing = 829,000,000 kWh

Chart1

All Mfg.All Mfg.11828902757All Mfg.All Mfg.All Mfg.All Mfg.

Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.156945358Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.0.1893410978

Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.130266759Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.0.157155659

Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.70693203Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.0.0852852791

Food Mfg.Food Mfg.Food Mfg.Food Mfg.61345118Food Mfg.Food Mfg.Food Mfg.0.0740076173

Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.53287763Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.0.0642871103

Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.52853541Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.0.0637632588

Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.44590590Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.0.0537947179

High-TechHigh-TechHigh-TechHigh-Tech38995501High-TechHigh-TechHigh-Tech0.0470447235

Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.39846351Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.0.048071201

Textile MillsTextile MillsTextile MillsTextile Mills28518819Textile MillsTextile MillsTextile Mills0.0344055063

Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.26683846Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.0.0321917689

Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.23333569Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.0.0281499474

Printing & related support activitiesPrinting & related support activitiesPrinting & related support activitiesPrinting & related support activities15073001Printing & related support activitiesPrinting & related support activitiesPrinting & related support activities0.0181842814

Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.8719262Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.0.0105190409

Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.6337820Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.0.0076460356

Textile Product MillsTextile Product MillsTextile Product MillsTextile Product Mills5141594Textile Product MillsTextile Product MillsTextile Product Mills0.0062028917

Leather & allied product mfg.Leather & allied product mfg.Leather & allied product mfg.Leather & allied product mfg.842866Leather & allied product mfg.Leather & allied product mfg.Leather & allied product mfg.0.0010168455

Ranked by 1999 Electric Energy Usage


#REF!

#REF!

1999

% of Mfg. in 1999

% of Mfg. in 1999

% of Mfg. in 1999

% of Mfg. in 1999

Industry Sector

kWh (in 1,000)

Electricity Used In other Manufacturing Sectors

Chart2

All Mfg.All Mfg.828902757All Mfg.

Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.1569453580.1893410978

Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.1302667590.157155659

Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.706932030.0852852791

Food Mfg.Food Mfg.613451180.0740076173

Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.532877630.0642871103

Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.528535410.0637632588

Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.445905900.0537947179

High-TechHigh-Tech389955010.0470447235

Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.398463510.048071201

Textile MillsTextile Mills285188190.0344055063

Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.266838460.0321917689

Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.233335690.0281499474

Printing & related support activitiesPrinting & related support activities150730010.0181842814

Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.87192620.0105190409

Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.63378200.0076460356

Textile Product MillsTextile Product Mills51415940.0062028917

Leather & allied product mfg.Leather & allied product mfg.8428660.0010168455

High-TechHigh-Tech389955010.0470447235



1999

% of Mfg. in 1999

Sector

kWh (in 1,000)

Electricity used in other Manufacturing Sectors

Chart3

156945358

130266759

70693203

61345118

53287763

52853541

44590590

38995501

28518819

26683846

23333569

8719262

6337820

5141594

1999

Sector

kWh (in 1,000s)

ELECTRICITY USAGE IN OTHER MANUFACTURING SECTORS, 1999

Chart4

Chemicals Mfg.Chemicals Mfg.1569453580

Primary metal mfg.Primary metal mfg.1302667590

Paper Mfg.Paper Mfg.706932030

Food Mfg.Food Mfg.613451180

Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.532877630

Transportation equipment mfg.Transportation equipment mfg.528535410

Fabricated metal product mfg.Fabricated metal product mfg.445905900

High TechHigh Tech389955010

Textile MillsTextile Mills285188190

Machinery Mfg.Machinery Mfg.266838460

Wood Product Mfg.Wood Product Mfg.233335690

Furniture & related product mfg.Furniture & related product mfg.87192620

Apparel Mfg.Apparel Mfg.63378200

Textile Product MillsTextile Product Mills51415940



1999

% of Mfg. in 1999

Sector

kWh (in 1,000s)

ELECTRICITY USAGE IN MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS, 1999

Sheet1

Appendix D

Electric Energy purchased by Industry Sector

(in 1,000 kWh)

Ranked by 1999 Electric Energy Usage1999% of Mfg.

in 1999

Chemicals Mfg.156,945,3580.0%

Primary metal mfg.130,266,7590.0%

Paper Mfg.70,693,2030.0%

Food Mfg.61,345,1180.0%

Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.53,287,7630.0%

Transportation equipment mfg.52,853,5410.0%

Fabricated metal product mfg.44,590,5900.0%

High Tech38,995,5010.0%

Textile Mills28,518,8190.0%

Machinery Mfg.26,683,8460.0%

Wood Product Mfg.23,333,5690.0%

Furniture & related product mfg.8,719,2620.0%

Apparel Mfg.6,337,8200.0%

Textile Product Mills5,141,5940.0%

Ranked by 1997-1999 Percentage Growth

Textile Product Mills3154,761,3924,963,8805,141,5944.3%4%7.99%

Fabricated metal product mfg.33241,510,07042,705,68344,590,5903%4%7.42%

Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg.32649,876,14950,129,96553,287,7631%6%6.84%

Wood Product Mfg.32121,861,36322,280,70423,333,5692%5%6.73%

Nonmetallic mineral product mfg.32737,627,28538,556,25039,846,3512%3%5.90%

Printing & related support activities32314,287,75614,748,85315,073,0013%2%5.50%

Furniture & related product mfg.3378,410,1298,444,8888,719,2620%3%3.68%

Food Mfg.31160,622,55661,972,92061,345,1182%-1%1.19%

Textile Mills31328,519,93028,889,98628,518,8191%-1%-0.004%

Paper Mfg.32270,052,06772,605,31270,693,2034%-3%0.92%

Chemicals Mfg.325157,082,253152,539,603156,945,358-3%3%-0.09%

Transportation equipment mfg.33653,193,75551,500,10552,853,541-3%3%-0.64%

Machinery Mfg.33326,947,94127,190,41626,683,8461%-2%-0.98%

Primary metal mfg.331132,605,129130,159,929130,266,756-2%0%-1.76%

High-Tech40,127,12239,879,19438,995,501-1%-2%-2.82%

Leather & allied product mfg.316938,329877,643842,886-6%-4%-10.17%

Apparel Mfg.3157,056,3596,713,2236,337,820-4.9%-6%-10.18%

% of high-

Electric Energy Purchased by the U.S. High-Tech Industrytech in 1999

Computers & electronic product mfg.33437,807,31237,502,72136,445,03693.460%

Computer & peripheral equipment mfg.334114,516,9805,262,4124,095,65317%-22%-9.33%10.503%

Electronic computer mfg.3341111,694,1841,404,078934,912-17%-33%-44.82%2.397%

computer storage device mfg334112993,0841,797,1871,513,66181%-16%52.42%3.882%

Computer terminal mfg.334113110,08996,52888,716-12%-8%-19.41%0.228%

Other computer peripheral eqipment mfg.3341191,719,6231,964,6201,558,36514%-21%-9.38%3.996%

Commmunications equipment mfg.33424,298,9784,086,4874,218,903-5%3%-1.86%10.819%

Telephone apparatus mfg.334211,417,1191,449,1491,624,9092%12%14.66%4.167%

Radio & TV broadcasting & wireless communications equipment mfg.334222,638,4132,404,0062,351,373-9%-2%-10.88%6.030%

Other communications equipment mfg.33429243,446233,332242,621-4%4%-0.34%0.622%

Audio & video equipment mfg.3343527,556692,505512,59731%-26%-2.84%1.315%



Semiconductor & other electronic component mfg.334419,131,10518,198,13918,669,873-5%3%-2.41%47.877%

Semiconductor & other electronic component mfg.3344119,131,10518,198,13918,669,873-5%3%-2.41%47.877%

Electron tube mfg.3344111,205,0541,047,4671,013,052-13%-3%-15.93%2.598%

Bare printed circuit board mfg.3344121,888,2182,137,8812,094,08613%-2%10.90%5.370%

Semiconductor & related devices mfg.33441311,298,69210,665,86611,328,886-6%6%0.27%29.052%

Electronic capacitor mfg.334414556,347509,377498,708-8%-2%-10.36%1.279%

Electronic resistor mfg.334415225,906225,263218,679-0%-3%-3.20%0.561%

Electronic coil, transformer, & other inductor mfg.334416165,998148,527197,297-11%33%18.86%0.506%

Electronic connector mfg.334417674,694671,439603,320-0%-10%-10.58%1.547%

Printed circuit assembly mfg.3344182,011,4501,642,1701,677,342-18%2%-16.61%4.301%

Other electronic component mfg.3344191,104,7561,150,1481,038,5024%-10%-6.00%2.663%

Navigational, measuring, medical & control instruments mfg.33457,660,3957,500,5097,354,817-2%-2%-3.99%18.861%

Electromedical & electrotherapeutic apparatus mfg.334510652,043613,993592,103-6%-4%-9.19%1.518%

Search, detection, navigation & guidance instrument mfg.3345113,586,4623,393,5513,327,720-5%-2%-7.21%8.534%

Automotive environmental control mfg.334512386,987419,114406,3728%-3%5.01%1.042%

Industrial process control instrument mfg.334513588,396601,900598,3492%-1%1.69%1.534%

Totalizing fluid meter & counting device mfg.334514326,153350,451336,0187%-4%3.02%0.862%

Electricity measuring & testing instrument mfg.334515915,019922,517880,3831%-5%-3.79%2.258%

Analytical laboratory instrument mfg.334516379,469389,763393,4843%1%3.69%1.009%

Irradiation apparatus mfg.334517277,057263,763245,291-5%-7%-11.47%0.629%

Watch, clock & part mfg334518112,818116,855115,6414%-1%2.50%0.297%

Other measuring & controlling instruments mfg.334519435,991428,601459,456-2%7%5.38%1.178%

Mfg & reproducing magnetic & optical media33461,672,2981,762,6691,593,1945%-10%-4.73%4.086%

Software reproducing334611164,549190,62297,72416%-49%-40.61%0.251%

Prerecorded CD, tape, & record reproducing334612629,584726,163718,84915%-1%14.18%1.843%

Magnetic & optical recording media mfg.334613878,165845,884776,620-4%-8%-11.56%1.992%

Communication & energy wire & cable mfg.335922,319,8102,376,4732,550,4652%7%9.94%6.540%

Fiber optic cable mfg335921344,565381,996444,70311%16%29.06%1.140%

Other communication & energy wire mfg3359291,975,2451,994,4772,105,7621%6%6.61%5.400%

Computers & electronic product mfg.33437,807,31237,502,72136,445,03693.460%

Communication & energy wire & cable mfg.335922,319,8102,376,4732,550,4652%7%9.94%6.540%

High-Tech Total40,127,12239,879,19438,995,501-1%-2%-2.82%100.000%

Source: Annual Survey of Manufacturers, U.S. Census Bureau

Sheet2

Sheet3


HIGH-TECH COMPANIES COMMITTEDTO REDUCING ENERGY DEMAND FURTHER

Intel has set a 2001 corporate objective to reduce its energy consumption by 10 percent this year.

Agilent Technologies is budgeting $20 million for projects aimed at significantly reducing its energy consumption with the expectation that these efforts will reduce energy consumption by 15 percent.

Hewlett Packards energy conservation efforts have helped it cut five kilowatt-hours off its energy usage at its Cupertino campus every year since 1991, despite having increased the size of the facility by 300,000 square feet. Source: Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group


HIGH-TECH COMPANIES COMMITTED TO REDUCING ENERGY DEMAND FURTHER (cont.)

Over the last 10 years, IBM has conserved an estimated 8.2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity and, as a result, avoided approximately 5.66 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions, while saving about $518 million in expenses.

Sun Microsystems commitment to energy conservation has resulted in a 37% reduction in energy use at one facility and use of more energy efficient photocopiers saved 220,000kw nationwide during 1999. Source: Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group


1 megawatt can power 1,000 homes3.62 trillion kilowatt hours powered the U.S. in 1998Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Labs; NOVA, PBSonline

]Chart1

30

50

150

200

750

Watts

Equipment Type

Watts

QUICK REFERENCE CONVERSION TABLE

]Sheet1

Quick Reference Conversion Table

Equipment TypeWatts

Laptop (standby)30

PC in energy saving mode50

Average PC + monitor150

40-watt bulb, 5 hrs/day200

One horsepower750

]Sheet2

]Sheet3


ELECTRICITY USED BY HIGH-TECH PRODUCTSHigh-tech products are NOT major component of national electricity demand

Lawrence Berkeley National Labs (LBNL) has analyzed high-tech energy demand and concluded:

Office and network equipment comprise only 2 percent of U.S. electricityIncluding telecommunications equipment and energy to produce office equipment, demand share rises to only 3 percentAnalysis based on bottom up effort using best measured data

Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL)


POPULAR MYTHSMedia attention for previous analysis by Greening Earth Society (GES) (Western Fuels Association) reached a different conclusion:

Internet-related share of national electricity demand was 8 percent in 1998Total electricity demand by all computers and office equipment was 13 percent in 1998Growth to 50 percent within 20 years

GES analysis was based on inaccurate data and assumptions (see back up slide)


MYTH FACT1. The Internet was responsible for 8 percent of all electricity use in 1998

2. The entire digital economy (including office, telecommunications, and network equipment) accounted for 13 percent (98)

3. Each Cisco router uses 1,000 watts 4. PC plus monitor uses 1,000 watts

Source: Mark Mills, The Internet Begins With Coal

1. This statistic is exaggerated by a factor of 8

2. It is actually about 3 percent.

3. Actual use is about 100 watts of power 4. PC plus monitor in use = 100-120watts of electricity and dips to 20-25 watts or less in energy-saving mode

Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Labs (LBNL)


AVERAGE ELECTRICITY USAGE PER HOUSEHOLDSource: EIA, A Look at Residential Energy Consumption, 1997

Adoption

99.998.799.298.88377727151.1503329

Home Appliance & Equipment Statistics

Computers

Refrigerators

Color TV

Ranges/Stoves

Ovens

Microwave

Clothes washer

Air conditioning

Clothes dryer

Computers

Dishwasher

Freezer

Electricity for space heating

Usage

12.9

11.8

11

9.2

5.9

3

2.8

2

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

Personal Computer

Average Electricity Usage per Household

Chart1

12.9

11.8

11

9.2

5.9

3

2.8

2

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

Appliance

Percent of Electricity Use Per Household

Sheet1

Average Electricity Usage per Household

Refrigerators12.9

Air Conditioning11.8

Water heating11

Lighting9.2

Clothes Dryers5.9

Color TVs3

Cooking2.8

Dishwasher2

Microwave Oven1.1

Personal Computer (262 kWh per unit)1.1

VCR0.9

Clothes Washer0.8

Stereo0.5

Laser Printer0.3

Aquarium0.2

Cordless Telephone0.2

Source: Energy Information Administration, A Look at Residential Energy Consumption

Home Appliance & Equipment Statistics

Percent of U.S. Houses with (1997):

Refrigerators99.9

Color TV98.7

Ranges/Stoves99.2

Ovens98.8

Microwave83

Clothes washer77

Air conditioning72

Clothes dryer71

Computers51.1

Dishwasher50

Freezer33

Electricity for space heating29

Source: Energy Information Administration, A Look at Residential Energy Consumption

Refrigerators99.9

Color TV98.7

Ranges/Stoves99.2

Ovens98.8

Microwave83

Clothes washer77

Air conditioning72

Clothes dryer71

Computers51.1

Dishwasher50

Freezer33

Electricity for space heating29


Source: EPA Energy Star; Hewlett-Packard Company


THE INTERNET POTENTIAL

The Internet enables energy efficiency gains of two basic types:

Structural gains: achieved when growth shifts to sectors of the economy that are not particularly energy-intensive such as the high-tech industry and away from sectors such as chemical manufacturing, pulp or paper manufacturing, and construction, which are energy-intensive

Efficiency gains: achieved when businesses change their activities reducing energy use relative to their output of goods and services

Source: Center for Energy & Climate Solutions


THE INTERNET POTENTIAL -- STRUCTURAL GAINSStructural gains could include:

Reduction of, or elimination of the need for, office space. By 2007, B2C and B2B e-commerce together could avoid the need for 1.5 billion square feet of retail space and up to 1 billion square feet of warehouse space.

Energy savings just from the operations and maintenance of these "un-buildings" could total 53 billion kilowatt hours per year, about 13 percent of total electricity growth projected under business-as-usual scenarios.



THE INTERNET POTENTIAL -- EFFICIENCY GAINS

Efficiency gains could include:

The use of the Internet to purchase goods. Internet shopping uses less energy to get a package to a house: Shipping 10 pounds of packages by overnight air - the most energy-intensive delivery - uses 40 percent less fuel than driving roundtrip to the mall. Shipping by truck saves 90 percent.



MACRO TRENDS VALIDATEENERGY EFFICIENCY ROLE OF INTERNETRise of Internet has coincided with a decrease rather than an increase in energy intensiveness of economy

Comparing pre-Internet era (1992-6) to Internet era (1996-2000):

GDP growth rate increased by nearly 50 percent, whileElectricity demand growth rates actually declined

If Internet was a significant energy hog, you would expect to see accelerated electricity demand growth rates, not the decline the data actually show



GDP vs. OTHER GROWTH RATES

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration

Chart1

0.0310.028

0.02340.01

0.0210.012

0.0320.045

1992-1996

1996-2000

ANNUAL GROWTH RATES

Sheet1

1992-19961996-2000

Electricity3.10%2.80%

Energy2.34%1.00%

CO22.10%1.20%

GDP3.20%4.50%

Data Source: EIA, Short Term Energy Outlook, December 2001

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/a1tab.html

CO2 Source: Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1999

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/tbles1.html

Year 2000 data is EIA near-term forecast

All other data is historical

Chart by Center for Energy and Climate Solutions

Mar-01

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

1992-1996

1996-2000

ANNUAL GROWTH RATES

Sheet2

Sheet3


THE FOLLOWING PAGES CONTAIN BACKUP DATA


TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS STORIES

Intel has developed the "Instantly Available PC" (IAPC) power management chip technology that enables PCs to meet the new Energy Star standard of 15 watts sleep-state power consumption.

PCs with IAPC consume 63% less energy per year than non-power managed PCs, driving an energy savings of over $10 billion in the US alone over the next 10 years. This energy savings also reduces the pollution associated with generating electricity, equivalent to taking nearly 22 million cars off the road.


TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS STORIES (cont.)

AMD flash memory semiconductors, found in a variety of appliances, equipment and vehicles, consume very low amounts of power, e.g. 0.002 0.036 watts, and these devices consume so little current in standby (0.0000002 amperes) that most test equipment cannot measure it.

AMDs microprocessor families support the Energy Star computer specification of 15 W watts sleep-state power consumption. AMD has also developed PowerNow!, a combination of software and hardware, which allows set top boxes to reduce power consumption up to 74%.



All of Sun Microsystems desktop products are Energy Star compliant. Suns Sun Ray 1 appliance requires less than 20 watts while the traditional unit requires as much as 100 watts. Source: Electronics Industry Alliance, International Cooperative for Environmental Leadership, World Resources Institute, Taking a Byte Out of Carbon

Canon has developed a new "on demand" fixer technology for photocopiers that reduces energy consumption to 1/4th of the conventional level, while dramatically reducing warm-up times.

Ricohs Aficio1035 copier, launched in 2001, use one-ninth of the power of the Ricoh DS5330, launched in 1994 (34Wh/h/ 297Wh/h = 1/9 ).



IBM's revamped eServer z900 provides significant energy cost and space advantages over traditional server arrangements.

Kodaks Digital Video Camera, the DVC323, allows customers to shoot still pictures or motion video even to have a live teleconference using home or office computers, which substitutes energy intensive travel with remote interaction.

From 1994 to 1997, the computing speed of IBMs AS/400 Model 9406 computer has increased six times while its power consumption in 1997 is only one-fifth of that in 1994.

Source: Electronics Industry Alliance, International Cooperative for Environmental Leadership, World Resources Institute, Taking a Byte Out of Carbon



Panasonics technologies include electronic toll collection systems that automatically bill drivers for road tolls via an exchange of signals between car-mounted and toll-station equipment, thereby improving fuel efficiency. Source: Electronics Industry Alliance, International Cooperative for Environmental Leadership, World Resources Institute, Taking a Byte Out of Carbon

With approximately one third of the stock of copiers now Energy Star compliant, it is estimated the current savings of the Energy Star copier program to be 570 GWh/year. Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, "It's Midnight...Is Your Copier On? Energy Star Copier Performance


EXAMPLES OF ERRORS IN GREENING EARTH SOCIETY (GES) STUDY Units GES Actual Ratio estimate estimate GES/ ActualPower used by phone company central officeskW500 559.1

Power used by mainframe computers + cooling kW250 19.2 13.0

Active power used by a typical PC + monitorW1000 1506.7

Typical routers on the InternetW1000 303.3

Typical routers on LANS and WANSW1000 50 20.0

Electricity used to manufacture a PCkWh1500 3005.0

Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Labs (LBNL)

Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL)


LOWEST STATE ELECTRICTY USAGE PER PERSON, 1998 RANKED

RankStateElectricity Usage Per person (MWh)

47New Hampshire7.848Hawaii7.849New York7.250Rhode Island7.0

51California6.9Source: AeA; Energy Information Administration, State Electricity Profiles, 2000

Obiblio Fr 1773 Hightech Energy1

Documents

Transcript of Obiblio Fr 1773 Hightech Energy1