OBESITYOBESITY MEANS HAVING TOO MUCH BODY FAT. IT IS

DIFFERENT FROM BEING OVERWEIGHT, WHICH MEANS WEIGHING TOO MUCH. THE WEIGHT MAY COME FROM MUSCLE, BONE, FAT,

AND/OR BODY WATER. BOTH TERMS MEAN THAT A PERSON'S WEIGHT IS GREATER THAN WHAT'S CONSIDERED HEALTHY FOR HIS

OR HER HEIGHT.

UNHEALTHY TRENDS IN SAUDI ARABIA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nug7MD2UG1k&feature=youtu.be

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)• Person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in

meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness.

BMI CHART

FOUR TYPES OF BODIES AS CLASSIFIED ON FATNESS

FACTORS THAT MIGHT AFFECT YOUR WEIGHT

• Genetic makeup• Overeating• Eating high-fat food• Not being physically active.

BEING OBESE INCREASES THE RISK OF HAVING :

• Diabetes• Heart disease• Stroke• Arthritis• Some cancers

Spot the difference: The obese woman on the left has fat around her organs (shown by the yellow areas) and an enlarged heart which can have consequences on her health 

Crushed lungs, strained joints and a swollen heart - the extraordinary scans that reveal what being fat does to you

The danger of visceral fat is related to the release of proteins and hormones that trigger inflammation in our bodies, which in turn damages arteries, invades our organs, and affects all the vital processes they carry out every minute of the day.

OBESITY MAY CAUSE THE FOLLOWING COMPLICATIONS:

• Metabolic Syndrome- name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as stroke.

• Type 2 diabetes

• High blood cholesterol and high triglyceride levels in the blood

• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart attacks and stroke

• Respiratory problems such as obstructive sleep apnea , asthma, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome

• Back pain

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

• Osteoarthritis

• Urinary incontinence

• Gallbladder disease

• Emotional health issues such as low self-esteem or depression

• Cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, colon, rectum, kidney, endometrium, ovaries, gallbladder, breast, or liver.

PREVENTION• Exercise• Eating healthy foods• Proper sleep• Limit screen time• Reduce stress

• Limit tempting foods• Weigh regularly• Practice consistency• Pack up leftovers• Eat at the table

WHO RECOMMENDATION

SOME HEALTHY FOOD OPTIONS

 

• Rather than cut out meals, a more effective approach is to spread out the calories into about five meals per day. Three small meals with two healthy snacks would be the norm. Eating more often helps control hunger and reduces the risk of overeating, according to the November 2011 issue of the "Journal of the American Dietetic Asociation.“

• The key to a weight loss eating plan is to limit calories while still enjoying delicious foods. 

Standard weight loss formula:

Weight Loss = Diet + Exercise + Adherence + Personal Change

TIPS TO HELP YOU STAY MOTIVATED TO LOSE WEIGHT

Overcoming these negatives is an essential weight loss and diet motivation. So get into positive mindset through following ways:

Be gentle, loving and kind to yourself.

• Tell yourself that you deserve to be happy, look good, be healthy.

START YOUR MORNINGS WITH POSITIVE AFFIRMATIONS SUCH AS:

• I will treat myself with more love and respect than what I have given so far', 'I deserve foods that I love but those that nourish my body and mind'.

Losing weight is not about diet and exercise alone, there is the all important, yet often overlooked factor of psychology or mindset. There has always been a connection between food and feelings which itself is enough to show how important mindset is in staying motivated to lose weight.

EXERCISEWalking- Not only is it free, it’s a low-impact exercise that you can do nearly anywhere, inside or out. Walking slowly will burn additional calories when you’re carrying extra weight, because you’re exerting more energy to move your body.

Water Aerobics- Water helps to support your body weight, which makes you feel lighter. It also reduces the impact on your joints, which means that the pain you might feel in your hips or knees from moving on land is virtually nonexistent when you stand in the water.

Stationary Bike - Incorporating both walking and riding the seated stationary bike is a good way to target different muscles in the lower body.

To burn fat you have to do exercises which are oxygen dependent (walk / run / jog / swim / elliptical/ stair climbing / any free hand exercise/ spin cycle/ aerobics i.e. any exercise which does not involve weight training) for at least min 45 min continuously

TREATMENTMedicines• When healthy lifestyle changes are not enough, your doctor may treat your

overweight and obesity with FDA-approved medicines. These medicines work in the following parts of your body.

• Brain. Several medicines change the way the brain regulates the urge to eat, which can help to decrease appetite. Some examples of these medicines are diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, lorcaserin, naltrexone,bupropion, and liraglutide.

• Gastrointestinal tract. Orlistat is the only available medicine. It blocks your intestines from absorbing fat from foods in your diet.

SURGICAL PROCEDURES

Criteria before surgery :• BMI of 40+• 80 - 100lbs overweight • Diabetes, heart disease or severe apnea• Physical mobility or physical function

SURGICAL PROCEDURES

• Gastric bypass surgery. A small part of the stomach is connected to the middle part of the intestine, bypassing the first part of intestine. This decreases the amount of food that you can eat and the amount of fat your body can take in and store.

• Gastrectomy - A big portion of the stomach is removed to decrease the amount of food that you can eat.

• Gastric banding - A hollow band is placed around the upper part of the stomach creating a smaller stomach. This decreases the amount of food you can eat.

• The key to this approach is RESPECT . This involves mindfully appreciating that for some patients, who are dealing with ‘multiple life challenges’, their weight may not feature as a priority, and an individual approach to assessing health and wellbeing needs for each patient is required.

Top tips for nurses working with overweight and obese patients

• Don’t Rely on Visual Judgement - use the appropriate measurement when assessing if a patient is overweight or obese.

1. Body Mass Index (BMI)

2. Waist circumference - assessed alongside BMI gives a more detailed assessment of an individual’s health risk

MEN - 94-102cm of waist circumference is high and more than 102 cm is very high risk.

WOMEN- 80-88cm of waist circumference is high and more than 88cm is very high risk.

• . Patients should not feel guilt or blame for being overweight or obese - Obesity is a complex issue, the root causes of which are embedded within our society.

MOBILITY AND FALL RISKAssess for :• Joint pain, which can limit standing, walking and transfer ability

• Mobility level :

1. total assist: cannot support own weight and/or is uncooperative; has little or no upper body strength

2. partial assist: able to bear weight but needs assistance (i.e., more than supervision or instruction);

has some upper body strength

3. independent: is safe, requires only supervision/instruction, with or without assistive devices

REMEMBER ……….

VEGIE HAZLE ILAGAN PEREZ